Manufacturing method and module of transparent antenna unit and antenna laying method of vehicle

Abstract

The invention provides a manufacturing method of a transparent antenna unit, a transparent antenna module and an antenna laying method of a vehicle. The manufacturing method comprises the steps that a radiation sheet is formed on a transparent flexible substrate, and the radiation sheet is of a conductive grid structure and comprises a first radiation body and a second radiation body which are oppositely arranged on the same layer to form a gap; a first directional structure and a second directional structure are formed on the first radiator, the first directional structure is at least used for narrowing the beam width of the pitch angle, and the second directional structure is at least used for increasing the beam width in the horizontal direction; an antenna feed point is formed on the first radiator, and a grounding feed point is formed on the second radiator; forming a dielectric layer on the radiation sheet; a radiation sheet is formed on the dielectric layer, so that two adjacent layers of radiation sheets are subjected to interlayer coupling; and repeating the steps of forming the dielectric layers and the radiation sheets until the preset number of layers of radiation sheets are obtained. On the basis, the integration difficulty of the vehicle-mounted antenna can be reduced, the directional diagram is improved, and the efficiency and the consistency between the antennas are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a method for manufacturing a transparent antenna unit and a method for deploying a transparent antenna module and a vehicle antenna. Background Art

[0002] Antennas, as a component that can transmit and receive electromagnetic waves, play an important role in wireless communication systems. In recent years, with the continuous development of wireless communication technology, people's requirements for wireless communication technology have also been continuously improved. Therefore, antennas have attracted more and more attention, and research on antennas has also been continuously deepened. In some special electronic equipment, traditional antennas not only affect the visual appearance, but are also not conducive to safety and concealment in actual environments. Since transparent conductive films have optical transparency and conductivity, they can be used to design transparent antennas to achieve visual beauty, safety, reliability and good concealment. Taking the vehicle-mounted UWB (Ultra Wide Band) antenna as an example, the antenna is generally designed on a printed circuit board and integrated into the ECU (Electronic Control Unit, computer control module or driving computer) or other independent modules of the vehicle, but existing vehicle-mounted UWB antennas usually have the following disadvantages: 1. High integration difficulty: The size is usually large, and it is difficult to flexibly integrate into the non-planar or irregular surfaces of the vehicle's transparent glass (such as windshield, window, rearview mirror, etc.), especially in locations where large area and curved surface installation are required, and antenna performance, light transmittance and aesthetics must also be taken into account; 2. Unsatisfactory radiation pattern: The horizontal beam width is insufficient, or the gain fluctuation is too large within a wide angle, usually greater than 3dB, affecting positioning accuracy and coverage range; the pitch beam is too wide, usually greater than 60°, resulting in energy dispersion, reducing radar resolution and life detection sensitivity, and may introduce unnecessary multipath interference or ground reflection interference; 3. Poor consistency: There are significant differences in key parameters such as efficiency, gain, and radiation pattern between multiple antenna modules based on existing antenna units, especially when installed in different positions and on surfaces with different curvatures. The efficiency difference is usually greater than 1dB, resulting in unstable system-level performance and complex calibration. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present application provides a method for manufacturing a transparent antenna unit and a transparent antenna module, as well as a method for deploying antennas in a vehicle, which can improve the problems of traditional vehicle-mounted antennas such as high integration difficulty, unsatisfactory radiation pattern, low efficiency and poor consistency.

[0004] The present application provides a method for manufacturing a transparent antenna unit, comprising: providing a transparent flexible substrate; forming a radiation sheet on the transparent flexible substrate, wherein the radiation sheet is a conductive grid structure and includes a first radiator and a second radiator arranged opposite to each other in the same layer to form a gap; forming a first directional structure and a second directional structure on the first radiator, wherein the first directional structure is at least used to narrow the beam width in the elevation angle, and the second directional structure is at least used to increase the beam width in the horizontal direction; forming an antenna feed point on the first radiator and forming a ground feed point on the second radiator; forming a dielectric layer on the radiation sheet; forming a radiation plate on the dielectric layer so as to achieve interlayer coupling between two adjacent radiation plates; The steps of forming the dielectric layer and the radiation sheet are repeated until a radiation sheet with a preset number of layers is obtained.

[0005] Optionally, forming a first directional structure and a second directional structure on the first radiator includes: A first groove is formed on the first radiator by an etching process as a first directional structure, and a plurality of second grooves are formed as second directional structures, wherein the clearance area of ​​the first groove is larger than the clearance area of ​​any second groove.

[0006] Optionally, forming a radiation sheet on the transparent flexible substrate includes: forming a conductive grid sheet on the transparent flexible substrate; A first radiator including a main body and an extension, and a second radiator including a first branch and a second branch are formed on the conductive mesh sheet by an etching process, wherein the first branch and the second branch are arranged opposite to each other to form a gap, and one end of the extension is connected to the main body and the other end extends to the gap between the first branch and the second branch; The forming of the first directional structure and the second directional structure on the first radiator includes: The first directional structure and the second directional structure are formed in the main body.

[0007] Optionally, forming an antenna feed point on the first radiator and forming a ground feed point on the second radiator includes: forming an antenna feeding point at an extension portion of the first radiator; A grounding feed point is formed between the first end of the first branch and the first end of the second branch, and the grounding feed point is coupled to the first end of the first branch and the first end of the second branch. The second end of the first branch and the second end of the second branch are both arranged opposite to the main body to form a gap.

[0008] Optionally, at least one of the following must be met: The shape of the second slot is rectangular, circular or triangular; At least some of the second slots have clearance areas of different shapes and areas; The plurality of second slots are arranged in a row; The plurality of second slots are arranged in a plurality of rows.

[0009] A transparent antenna module provided in the present application includes an antenna array and multiple transfer interfaces. The antenna array includes multiple transparent antenna units manufactured by any of the above methods, and each of the transfer interfaces is coupled one-to-one with each of the transparent antenna units.

[0010] The present application provides a vehicle antenna deployment method, comprising: Providing a plurality of transparent antenna modules as described above; An anchor point is selected at the roof skylight, and a first transparent antenna module is set at the anchor point to realize AOA positioning function and ranging function; At least one anchor point is selected at the top of the front windshield and one anchor point is selected at each rear window glass on both sides, and a second transparent antenna module is set at each anchor point to realize LPD function and ranging function; An anchor point is selected on each side of the front windshield near the A-pillars, and an anchor point is selected on each side of the rear windshield near the rear of the vehicle, and a third transparent antenna module is set at each anchor point to realize the ranging function.

[0011] Optionally, at least one of the following must be met: The first transparent antenna module includes three transparent antenna units; The second transparent antenna module includes four transparent antenna units; The third transparent antenna module includes two transparent antenna units.

[0012] Optionally, at least one of the following must be met: In the first transparent antenna module, one of the transparent antenna units transmits an electromagnetic wave signal, and the other two transparent antenna units receive the electromagnetic wave signal; In the second transparent antenna module, one of the transparent antenna units transmits an electromagnetic wave signal, and the other three transparent antenna units receive the electromagnetic wave signal; In the third transparent antenna module, electromagnetic wave signals are transmitted through one transparent antenna unit and electromagnetic wave signals are received by another transparent antenna unit.

[0013] Optionally, an anchor point is selected at each side of the rear window glass adjacent to the B-pillar or C-pillar.

[0014] As described above, in the manufacturing method of the transparent antenna unit and the transparent antenna module and vehicle antenna layout method of the present application, the transparent antenna unit obtained includes several layers of radiating plates, each radiating plate is a conductive grid structure, and includes a first radiator and a second radiator arranged in the same layer, that is, each radiating plate includes a first radiator and a second radiator, which can make the entire antenna unit occupy a smaller area, meet the requirements of miniaturized design, and be applicable to more types of communication equipment. It has strong versatility and low integration difficulty. Moreover, through the interlayer coupling between the layers of radiating plates, the resonant frequency of the antenna can be better adjusted, so that the bandwidth, efficiency and gain are effectively improved; in addition, the first radiator is provided with a first directional structure and a second directional structure. The first directional structure is used to narrow the beam width of the pitch angle, and the second directional structure is used to increase the beam width in the horizontal direction, so that a more ideal radiation pattern can be obtained, so that the directivity of each antenna unit is more stable, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of the antenna and the consistency of the antenna design. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 1 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a transparent antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a transparent antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a transparent antenna module according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a transparent antenna module according to an embodiment of the present application applied to a vehicle; Figure 5 It is a flowchart of a method for deploying antennas in a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0016] First direction x, second direction y, third direction z; Antenna unit 100, transparent flexible substrate 1, several layers of radiation plates 2, first radiator 21, second radiator 22, first directional structure 211, first slot 211, second directional structure 212, second slot 212, antenna feed point 210, ground feed point 220, main body 213, extension part 214, first branch 221, second branch 222; transparent antenna module 200, antenna array 201, adapter unit 202, adapter port 203; vehicle 300. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art, in the manufacturing method of the transparent antenna unit and the transparent antenna module and the antenna layout method of the vehicle of the present application, the transparent antenna unit obtained by the method includes several layers of radiating plates, each radiating plate is a conductive grid structure, and includes a first radiator and a second radiator arranged in the same layer, that is, each radiating plate includes a first radiator and a second radiator, so that the entire antenna unit occupies a small area, meets the requirements of miniaturization design, reduces the difficulty of integration, and through the interlayer coupling between the layers of radiating plates, the resonant frequency of the antenna is better adjusted, effectively improving the bandwidth, efficiency and gain; in addition, the first radiator is provided with a first directional structure and a second directional structure, and the first directional structure is used to narrow the beam width of the pitch angle, and the second directional structure is used to increase the beam width in the horizontal direction, thereby improving a more ideal radiation pattern, so that the directivity of each antenna unit is more stable, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of the antenna and the consistency of the antenna design.

[0018] The specific form of the parameters such as shape, quantity, size, etc. of any of the radiators, directional structures and slots can be determined according to the adaptability required by the actual scenario, and this application does not limit it.

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application more clear, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Unless there is a conflict, the following embodiments and their technical features can be combined with each other and also belong to the technical solutions of this application.

[0020] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. to indicate the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the technical solutions of the corresponding embodiments, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0021] Figure 1 1 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a transparent antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method for manufacturing a transparent antenna unit may also be referred to as a "manufacturing method" or "method". Figure 1 As shown, the method at least includes the following steps S1 to S7: S1: Provide a transparent flexible substrate; S2: forming a radiation sheet on the transparent flexible substrate, wherein the radiation sheet has a conductive grid structure and includes a first radiator and a second radiator arranged opposite to each other in the same layer to form a gap; S3: forming a first directional structure and a second directional structure on the first radiator, wherein the first directional structure is at least used to narrow the beam width in the elevation angle, and the second directional structure is at least used to increase the beam width in the horizontal direction; S4: forming an antenna feed point on the first radiator and a ground feed point on the second radiator; S5: forming a dielectric layer on the radiation sheet; S6: forming a radiation plate on the dielectric layer so that two adjacent radiation plates are coupled to each other.

[0022] Repeat the steps of forming the dielectric layer and the radiation sheet, that is, repeat the above steps S5 and S6, and the radiation sheet formed each time has the structure obtained in steps S2 to S4, and then perform step S7: determine whether the preset number of layers of radiation sheets are obtained; if so, end the process; if not, continue to perform the above steps S5 and S6 until the preset number of layers of radiation sheets are obtained.

[0023] Although step codes such as S1 and S2 are used in this document, their purpose is to express the corresponding content more clearly and concisely, and does not constitute a substantial limitation on the order. Those skilled in the art may execute S5 first and then S2, etc. during specific implementation, but these should all be within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] In one example, step S3 includes: A first slot is formed on the first radiator by an etching process as a first directional structure, and a plurality of second slots are formed as second directional structures, wherein the clearance area of ​​the first slot is larger than the clearance area of ​​any second slot.

[0025] In one example, step S2 includes: forming a conductive grid sheet on the transparent flexible substrate; A first radiator including a main body and an extension, and a second radiator including a first branch and a second branch are formed on the conductive mesh sheet by an etching process, wherein the first branch and the second branch are arranged opposite to each other to form a gap, and one end of the extension is connected to the main body and the other end extends to the gap between the first branch and the second branch; Accordingly, step S3 includes: The first directional structure and the second directional structure are formed in the main body.

[0026] In one example, step S4 includes: forming an antenna feeding point at an extension portion of the first radiator; A grounding feed point is formed between the first end of the first branch and the first end of the second branch, and the grounding feed point is coupled to the first end of the first branch and the first end of the second branch. The second end of the first branch and the second end of the second branch are both arranged opposite to the main body to form a gap.

[0027] For the method, each step may satisfy at least one of the following: The shape of the second slot is rectangular, circular or triangular; At least some of the second slots have clearance areas of different shapes and areas; The plurality of second slots are arranged in a row; and The plurality of second slots are arranged in a plurality of rows.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a transparent antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present application. The transparent antenna unit can also be referred to as an "antenna unit" and can be used as follows: Figure 1 The method described above is prepared. Figure 2 As shown, the antenna unit 100 includes a transparent flexible substrate 1 and several layers of radiation sheets 2. The several layers of radiation sheets 2 are arranged on the transparent flexible substrate 1. The number and shape of the radiation sheets 2 can be adapted according to actual needs. Figure 2 is a top view of the antenna unit 100, so Figure 2 Only one layer of radiating plates 2 is shown. Adjacent layers of radiating plates 2 are coupled to each other and are provided with a dielectric layer (not shown). This dielectric layer has excellent electrical insulation properties, allowing the two layers of radiating plates 2 sandwiched on either side of the dielectric layer to be electrically insulated. However, it should be noted that, for example, conductive pillars may be provided between the two adjacent layers of radiating plates 2, extending through the dielectric layer to provide interlayer coupling between the two adjacent layers of radiating plates 2.

[0029] For ease of description and understanding, in combination with the placement orientation shown in the figure, the length direction of the antenna unit 100 is referred to as the first direction x, the height direction or the thickness direction is referred to as the second direction y, and the width direction is referred to as the third direction z. The first direction x, the second direction y, and the third direction z are perpendicular to each other and can be regarded as the three coordinate axes of a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system. It should be understood that the so-called perpendicularity in the entire application does not require that the angle between the two must be 90°, but rather allows a deviation of, for example, ±10°, that is, the so-called perpendicularity can be understood as the angle between any two directions being 80° to 100°. Similarly, the so-called parallelism does not require that the angle between the two must be 0° or 180°, but rather allows a deviation of, for example, ±10°, that is, the so-called parallelism can be understood as the angle between any two directions being 0° to 10° or 170° to 190°.

[0030] For antenna units 100 that need to be integrated into transparent areas (such as vehicle side windows or sunroofs), the transparent flexible substrate 1 includes, but is not limited to, an MPET substrate, a COP substrate, or a CPI substrate. It can be a single-layer substrate or a multi-layer substrate, for example, composed of a series of dielectric layers. This transparent flexible substrate 1 has excellent electrical insulation properties, high mechanical strength, and thermal stability, allowing the antenna unit 100 to withstand high mechanical stress and thermal cycling.

[0031] Each radiating plate 2 is a conductive grid structure, and each radiating plate 2 includes a first radiator 21 and a second radiator 22 arranged in the same layer. The first radiator 21 is provided with a first directional structure 211 and a second directional structure 212. The first directional structure 211 is at least used to narrow the beam width of the pitch angle, and the second directional structure 212 is at least used to increase the beam width in the horizontal direction.

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, the first directional structure 211 can be expressed as a first slot 211, and the second directional structure 212 can be expressed as multiple second slots 212, or multiple metal grids, and the opening area of ​​the metal grid forms each second slot 212, and the air avoidance area (also referred to as "opening area") of the first slot 211 is larger than the air avoidance area of ​​any second slot 212.

[0033] The first radiator 21 is also provided with an antenna feed point 210, which can be connected to an antenna feed line. The first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 are arranged relative to each other to form a gap. Here, the antenna unit 100 can also be referred to as a slot antenna. The second radiator 22 is provided with a ground feed point 220, which is connected to the ground line of the antenna unit 100, thereby grounding the ground feed point 220. The so-called relative arrangement can be understood as: on the plane where the radiating plate 2 is located, or on a plane parallel to the radiating plate 2, when observed along the first direction x, the distance between the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 is not equal to zero.

[0034] The first and second radiators 21, 22 are each made of copper mesh, silver nanowire mesh, or graphene mesh, replacing traditional copper foil. Both radiators 21, 22 have a light transmittance greater than 80%. While ensuring electrical conductivity (i.e., meeting RF requirements), each radiator 2 and the antenna unit 100 achieve high light transmittance and visual invisibility. Furthermore, the thinnest wires in this mesh can be 4µm or less, ensuring high light transmittance while achieving low sheet resistance, for example, less than 0.5Ω.

[0035] exist Figure 2 In the antenna unit 100 shown, the isolation slot design of the antenna unit 100 can be realized through the interlayer coupling between each layer of the radiation plate 2, and through the design of the first slot 211 and the second slot 212. The slot width of the second slot 212 can be 0.15mm and the depth can be 0.3mm, so that the isolation of the antenna unit 100 is greater than 25dB. By implementing the electromagnetic coupling suppression technology between each antenna unit 100, the problem of mutual interference between wide-band and narrow-band signals can be solved. In addition, the resonant frequency of the antenna unit 100 can be better adjusted to effectively improve the bandwidth, efficiency and gain. Specifically, the comprehensive performance of the radiation plate 2 can be: the center resonant frequency is 7987.2MHz, the operating bandwidth is ≥500MHz, the antenna efficiency is ≥80%, the antenna gain is ≥2dBi, the in-band gain flatness is less than 1dB, and S11≤-10dB.

[0036] Furthermore, the first radiator 21 is provided with a first directional structure 211 and a second directional structure 212. The first directional structure 211 is used to narrow the beam width of the pitch angle, and the second directional structure 212 is used to increase the beam width in the horizontal direction, thereby improving a more ideal radiation pattern, so that the directivity of each antenna unit 100 is more stable, which is beneficial to improving the efficiency of the antenna and the consistency of the antenna design. For example, the main lobe width of the horizontal plane radiation pattern is ≥±60°, and the gain difference within the range of ±60° is less than 3dB, and the beam width of the elevation plane radiation pattern is less than 60°.

[0037] The structural design of the antenna unit 100 of the present application takes into account the typical curvature radius range of the target installation location (such as the front windshield of a vehicle). Through simulation optimization, it is ensured that the antenna unit 100 is within the expected curvature range and the changes in key parameters such as its resonant frequency, efficiency, and radiation pattern are within an acceptable range. For example, even if the efficiency drops by <0.5dB, the radiation pattern distortion can be controlled.

[0038] Continue reading Figure 2 As shown, the first slot 211 can be a rectangular slot, and the second slot 212 or the metal grid can be rectangular, but can also be other adaptable shapes such as circular, cross, or triangular. At least some of the second slots 212 or the metal grid have different shapes and areas of different clearance areas. For example, the center width of the second slot 212 decreases as it moves toward the center.

[0039] In one example, the plurality of second slots 212 or the plurality of metal grids are arranged in multiple rows. The two-row arrangement in the figure is only an example. Of course, they may also be arranged in at least one row.

[0040] like Figure 2As shown, in one example, the first radiator 21 includes a main body 213 and an extension portion 214, the first directional structure 211 and the second directional structure 212 are both arranged on the main body 213, and one end of the extension portion 214 is connected to the main body 213; the second radiator 22 includes a first branch 221 and a second branch 222 arranged relative to each other to form a gap; the other end of the extension portion 214 extends to the gap between the first branch 221 and the second branch 222. The antenna feed point 210 is disposed on the extension portion 214 of the first radiator 21; the ground feed point 220 is coupled between the first end of the first branch 221 and the first end of the second branch 222. The antenna feed point 210 is disposed at the end of the extension portion 214 and is adjacent to the ground feed point 220. The second end of the first branch 221 and the second end of the second branch 222 are sandwiched between opposite sides of the extension portion 214 of the first radiator 21 along the third direction z, and are disposed opposite to the opposite sides of the extension portion 214 to form a gap. For any of the gaps described throughout this application, by adjusting the distance of the gap, the operating frequency of the antenna unit 100 can be adjusted, and the return loss of the antenna unit 100 can be controlled.

[0041] In another example, the opposing portions of the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 are provided with a sawtooth structure, but the sawtooth structures are not in contact with each other but are arranged relative to each other at a preset distance, thereby forming a gap of the antenna unit 100. Figure 2 As shown in the example, the adjacent edges of the extension portion 214 and the first branch node 221 and the second branch node 222 are provided with mutually meshing serrated structures. For example, the edge of the extension portion 214 facing the first branch node 221 and the second branch node 222 is provided with a plurality of protrusions, and the edge of the first branch node 221 and the second branch node 222 facing the extension portion 214 is provided with a plurality of recessed portions. Each protrusion is "engaged" with the corresponding recessed portion but is relatively arranged at a preset distance, thereby forming a gap of the antenna unit 100, so that the antenna unit 100 behaves as a slot antenna with better performance.

[0042] In other examples, along the line of sight of the second direction y, the aforementioned sawtooth structure is also provided between the orthographic projections of the radiation sheets 2 of each layer, for example, in combination with Figure 2 As shown, the outer edges of the first radiator 21 and / or the second radiator 22 of each layer of the radiation plate 2 have the aforementioned serrated structure. Along the line of sight of the second direction y, the orthographic projections of the outer edges of the first radiator 21 of the two adjacent layers of the radiation plate 2 are "meshed" but relatively arranged at a preset distance, thereby forming a gap in the antenna unit 100.

[0043] The present application also provides a transparent antenna module. Figure 3As shown, the transparent antenna module 200 includes an antenna array 201, a switching unit 202 and a plurality of switching interfaces 203. The antenna array 201 includes the antenna unit 100 as in any of the above embodiments. The antenna unit 100 may also be as described above. Figure 1 The method described above achieves a one-to-one coupling of the adapter unit 202 to each transparent antenna unit 100, such as by low-temperature welding, and each adapter port 203 is coupled to each transparent antenna unit 100 via the adapter unit 202. The transparent antenna module 200 includes the antenna unit 100 of any of the above embodiments, thereby producing the beneficial effects of the antenna unit 100 of the corresponding embodiment.

[0044] The number of antenna units 100 and the number of adapters 203 included in the antenna array 201 can be determined adaptively. The four antenna units 100 and four adapters 203 shown in the figure are merely exemplary. The adapters 203 can be coupled to the antenna units 100 in a one-to-one correspondence, with each adapter 203 coupling the corresponding antenna unit 100 to external wiring.

[0045] The present application also provides a method for deploying antennas in a vehicle. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the deployment method includes the following steps S21 to S24: S21: Provide multiple transparent antenna modules; the transparent antenna modules have the following Figure 3 The structure; S22: Select an anchor point at the roof skylight and set a first transparent antenna module at the anchor point to implement AOA (Angle of Arrival) positioning and ranging functions; S23: Select at least one anchor point at the top of the front windshield and one anchor point at each rear window, and dispose a second transparent antenna module at each anchor point to implement LPD (Life Detection) and ranging functions. For example, combined with Figure 4 As shown, an anchor point is selected at each of the B-pillars or C-pillars adjacent to the rear window glass on both sides, and a second transparent antenna module is provided at each anchor point.

[0046] S24: An anchor point is selected on each side of the front windshield near the A-pillars, and an anchor point is selected on each side of the rear windshield near the rear of the vehicle, and a third transparent antenna module is set at each anchor point to achieve a ranging function.

[0047] Combine Figure 4As shown, the vehicle 300 can be provided with transparent antenna modules 200 at eight anchor points, which are identified as 1 to 8. The number and function of the transparent antenna modules 200 provided at each anchor point can be determined adaptively. For example, three transparent antenna modules 200 can be provided at anchor point 3 to implement positioning and ranging functions based on AOA (angle of arrival ranging). The specific implementation principle and process of this function can refer to the existing technology in this field. For example, three transparent antenna units simultaneously receive UWB tag signals from terminals such as mobile phones, and calculate the signal arrival angle by phase interferometry. , combined with time-of-flight (TOF) ranging, three-dimensional positioning is achieved, with an accuracy of ±5cm, an angle of ±1°, and a gain fluctuation of <2dB within ±60° in the horizontal direction, ensuring the stability of positioning in the edge area; anchor points 4, 5, and 6 can all be equipped with four transparent antenna modules 200, and a single anchor point can realize LPD (radar detection mode) function and ranging function, such as triggering an alarm for a child left in the car by detecting breathing or heartbeat; the way to execute the LPD function can be: the central radar unit emits periodic nanosecond pulses, such as a pulse width of 2ns, PRF (Pulse The repetition frequency (i.e., pulse frequency) is 10MHz, and the Doppler shift of the received echo is analyzed by short-time Fourier transform. When a 0.1-0.3Hz (breathing) or 0.8-2Hz (heartbeat) signal is detected, the child left behind alarm is triggered. This mode consumes 22mW of power, has a detection distance of 0.5-3m, and a breathing detection accuracy of >97%; anchor points 1, 2, 7, and 8 can each be equipped with three transparent antenna modules 200, and a single anchor point can realize the ranging function. Based on the aforementioned functions, the present application can enable the vehicle 300 to achieve full functionality. For example, it is automatically activated after the vehicle is turned off, and periodic life detection is performed through the LPD function (scanning for 10s every 2 minutes). The positioning function based on AOA maintains low power monitoring (power consumption can be 0.8mW). When vital signs are detected or a wake-up signal is monitored (such as the proximity of a mobile phone Bluetooth), it instantly switches to full-function mode.

[0048] In one example, combining Figure 4 The vehicle 300 shown satisfies at least one of the following: The first transparent antenna module includes three transparent antenna units; The second transparent antenna module includes four transparent antenna units; The third transparent antenna module includes two transparent antenna units.

[0049] In one example, each transparent antenna module can perform the following transceiver operations: In the first transparent antenna module, one transparent antenna unit transmits electromagnetic wave signals, and the other two transparent antenna units receive electromagnetic wave signals; In the second transparent antenna module, one transparent antenna unit transmits electromagnetic wave signals, and the other three transparent antenna units receive electromagnetic wave signals; In the third transparent antenna module, electromagnetic wave signals are transmitted through one transparent antenna unit and received through another transparent antenna unit.

[0050] The above descriptions are only some embodiments of the present application and do not limit the patent scope of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, any equivalent structural changes made using the contents of this specification and drawings are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

[0051] Although the terms "first," "second," and the like are used herein to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish information of the same type from one another. In addition, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well. The terms "or" and "and / or" are to be interpreted as inclusive, meaning any one or any combination. Exceptions to this definition occur only when a combination of elements, functions, steps, or operations is inherently mutually exclusive in some manner.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a transparent antenna unit, characterized in that: include: providing a transparent flexible substrate; forming a radiation sheet on the transparent flexible substrate, wherein the radiation sheet is a conductive grid structure and includes a first radiator and a second radiator arranged opposite to each other in the same layer to form a gap; forming a first directional structure and a second directional structure on the first radiator, wherein the first directional structure is at least used to narrow the beam width in the elevation angle, and the second directional structure is at least used to increase the beam width in the horizontal direction; forming an antenna feed point on the first radiator and forming a ground feed point on the second radiator; forming a dielectric layer on the radiation sheet; forming a radiation plate on the dielectric layer so as to achieve interlayer coupling between two adjacent radiation plates; The steps of forming the dielectric layer and the radiation sheet are repeated until a radiation sheet with a preset number of layers is obtained.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The forming of the first directional structure and the second directional structure on the first radiator includes: A first groove is formed on the first radiator by an etching process as a first directional structure, and a plurality of second grooves are formed as second directional structures, wherein the clearance area of ​​the first groove is larger than the clearance area of ​​any second groove.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that A radiation sheet is formed on the transparent flexible substrate, comprising: forming a conductive grid sheet on the transparent flexible substrate; A first radiator including a main body and an extension, and a second radiator including a first branch and a second branch are formed on the conductive mesh sheet by an etching process, wherein the first branch and the second branch are arranged opposite to each other to form a gap, and one end of the extension is connected to the main body and the other end extends to the gap between the first branch and the second branch; The forming of the first directional structure and the second directional structure on the first radiator includes: The first directional structure and the second directional structure are formed in the main body.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The forming of an antenna feed point on the first radiator and a ground feed point on the second radiator comprises: forming an antenna feeding point at an extension portion of the first radiator; A grounding feed point is formed between the first end of the first branch and the first end of the second branch, and the grounding feed point is coupled to the first end of the first branch and the first end of the second branch. The second end of the first branch and the second end of the second branch are both arranged opposite to the main body to form a gap.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein Meet at least one of the following: The shape of the second slot is rectangular, circular or triangular; At least some of the second slots have clearance areas of different shapes and areas; The plurality of second slots are arranged in a row; The plurality of second slots are arranged in a plurality of rows.

6. A transparent antenna module, characterized in that: The invention comprises an antenna array and a plurality of transfer interfaces, wherein the antenna array comprises a plurality of transparent antenna units manufactured by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and each of the transfer interfaces is coupled one-to-one with each of the transparent antenna units.

7. A method for deploying antennas in a vehicle, characterized in that: include: Providing a plurality of transparent antenna modules as claimed in claim 6; An anchor point is selected at the roof skylight, and a first transparent antenna module is set at the anchor point to realize AOA positioning function and ranging function; At least one anchor point is selected at the top of the front windshield and one anchor point is selected at each rear window glass on both sides, and a second transparent antenna module is set at each anchor point to realize LPD function and ranging function; An anchor point is selected on each side of the front windshield near the A-pillars, and an anchor point is selected on each side of the rear windshield near the rear of the vehicle, and a third transparent antenna module is set at each anchor point to realize the ranging function.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that Meet at least one of the following: The first transparent antenna module includes three transparent antenna units; The second transparent antenna module includes four transparent antenna units; The third transparent antenna module includes two transparent antenna units.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that Meet at least one of the following: In the first transparent antenna module, one of the transparent antenna units transmits an electromagnetic wave signal, and the other two transparent antenna units receive the electromagnetic wave signal; In the second transparent antenna module, one of the transparent antenna units transmits an electromagnetic wave signal, and the other three transparent antenna units receive the electromagnetic wave signal; In the third transparent antenna module, electromagnetic wave signals are transmitted through one transparent antenna unit and electromagnetic wave signals are received by another transparent antenna unit.

10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that Select an anchor point on each side of the rear window glass, adjacent to the B-pillar or C-pillar.

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