Method for cultivating roridula dactylophylla by using winter host of roridula dactylophylla and application thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of artificial cultivation of gallnut, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating gallnut by using feather moss as a winter host of Schistocerca peregrina and application thereof, comprising S1: planting moss, S2: migration of S. peregrina, S3: collection of overwintering nymphs, and S4: cultivation of gallnut. Compared with the prior art, the present application uses feather moss as a winter host of gallnut aphids, realizes artificial cultivation of gallnut, solves the technical problem of how to realize artificial cultivation of gallnut by artificially breeding gallnut aphids, improves the yield of gallnut, and further improves the yield of gallnut.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of artificial cultivation technology of gallnut, and specifically relates to the method and application of using *Rhus chinensis* as a winter host for autumn migratory aphids of *Rhus chinensis* to cultivate gallnut flowers. Background Technology

[0002] Gallnut occupies a crucial position in the forestry industry. Firstly, it enjoys a large market demand and broad prospects. Gallnut processing mainly produces tannic acid, gallic acid, pyrogallic acid, and gallic acid esters, which are widely used in pharmaceuticals, aviation, petroleum, metallurgy, education, light industry, food, and IT, with market demand increasing daily. Pyrogallic acid, in particular, is a key material in the global chip industry, serving as a primary raw material for photoresist. However, the complex industrial processes and high technical difficulty of gallnut production have consistently resulted in insufficient output to meet market demand, leading to a supply shortage. Therefore, the gallnut industry has excellent development prospects.

[0003] With the continuous development and utilization of downstream products, the natural wild bearing of gallnuts can no longer meet market demand. Currently, due to the lack of aphids, approximately 95% of the tens of millions of acres of wild gallnut forests across the country cannot bear fruit, necessitating artificial cultivation of aphids for bag-feeding to fill the market gap. At present, the development of artificial gallnut cultivation in my country mainly focuses on horned gallnuts, accounting for about 98% of the artificial gallnut industry. However, with the gradual expansion of planting area, the drawbacks of the horned gallnut industry are becoming increasingly apparent:

[0004] Winter host resources are scarce. The large-scale promotion of the gallnut industry in recent years has led to the gradual depletion of wild resources of the winter host, *Gnaphalium affine*, limiting the scope of moss collection. Artificial propagation of this moss is difficult, and its growth environment is extremely demanding in terms of temperature, humidity, and light conditions. Therefore, many growers have failed to master effective moss propagation techniques. Poor moss growth will affect the parasitism of autumn aphids, thus impacting the aphid harvest the following spring, hindering the large-scale development of the gallnut industry.

[0005] Besides producing pods, the sumac can also produce double flowers. A single fresh double flower can weigh 0.3-1 kg, and the parasitic relationship between pods and double flowers does not affect each other. Although the sumac can produce double flowers, the phenomenon of producing only pods is more common, resulting in a low utilization rate of the entire tree.

[0006] Current literature records that the winter host of the aphid *Hymenochloa chinensis* is *Moss sphagnum*, but experiments have shown that the aphid does not parasitize *Moss sphagnum*. Therefore, there is no technical solution for artificially cultivating *Hymenochloa chinensis* in the field of science and technology. At present, the yield of *Hymenochloa chinensis* depends entirely on the natural migration of wild aphids, and the growth of *Hymenochloa chinensis* requires the correspondence of trees, insects, and moss. Moreover, the production conditions of *Hymenochloa chinensis* are affected by factors such as climate, resulting in unstable yield.

[0007] In summary, researching how to increase the yield of gallnuts and, consequently, gallnuts by artificially cultivating gall aphids in bagged sumac is a pressing technical problem that needs to be solved in the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention aims to provide a method and application for cultivating gallnuts using *Rhus chinensis* as a winter host for the autumn migratory aphid *Rhus chinensis*. It is mainly used to solve the technical problem of how to artificially cultivate gallnuts through artificial breeding of *Rhus chinensis* aphids, thereby increasing gallnut yield and ultimately increasing gallnut production.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0010] A method for cultivating double-flowered Rhus chinensis using Rhus chinensis as a winter host for the autumn-migrating aphid of Rhus chinensis includes the following steps:

[0011] S1: Winter host moss planting:

[0012] S11: Raw material preparation: Collect 30 catties of wild-grown sphagnum moss seeds and prepare underground clay for later use;

[0013] S12: Land preparation: Turning the soil and ridging it, ready for use;

[0014] S13: Moss planting: Put clay in a bucket and stir it into mud. Take a piece of geotextile cut into 1 square meter pieces, lay it on the ridge and water it thoroughly. Pour the mud onto the geotextile and spread it evenly by hand. Then tear the collected sphagnum moss seeds into small pieces and plant them on the geotextile. After planting the moss, use a wooden board to pat the moss and stick it to the mud, so that the moss and mud are completely adhered together. Cover the geotextile with a shade net above the planted moss, and then do a good job of field management and wait for the moss seeds to grow.

[0015] S2: Migration of the autumn aphids of Rhus chinensis: In mid-September, when the Rhus chinensis flowers open, the autumn aphids begin to migrate. Select large Rhus chinensis flowers as seed aphids and place them next to the moss seed aphids. Select and remove the shade net to allow the autumn aphids of Rhus chinensis flowers to migrate naturally to the moss. After the autumn aphids have migrated to the moss in late September, continue to set up the shade net and do a good job of fine field management.

[0016] S3: Collection of overwintering nymphs of the moss: When nymphs emerge as spring migratory aphids on the moss in mid-March of the following year, all moss blocks can be moved to the aphid collection shed to collect the spring migratory aphids.

[0017] S4: Cultivating Double Flowers: After collecting and bagging the spring migrating aphids, allow them to lay male and female aphids in a high-humidity environment and complete mating. Check the bags to see if the female aphids have laid female stems. If female stems are found crawling, hang the bags on sumac trees according to the collection date. In mid-April, the female stems climb the tree to feed and form juvenile double flowers. In mid-June, the juvenile double flowers gradually swell. Collect the double flowers after they mature in mid-September.

[0018] Preferably, the feather moss includes one or more of the following: short-ribbed feather moss, green feather moss, and large feather moss.

[0019] Preferably, the feather moss is *Phyllostachys shortribae*.

[0020] Preferably, in step S12, ridges are made with a width of 1.2 meters and a height of 40 centimeters, with one side of the ridge being higher than the other, and the height difference being 15 centimeters.

[0021] Preferably, in step S13, the mud thickness should not exceed 0.2 cm; the collected sphagnum moss seeds are torn into thin pieces and planted on the geotextile at 6 cm intervals, with 1 jin of moss required per square meter of geotextile.

[0022] Preferably, in step S13, the shading net has a shading rate of 75%; during field management, the growth of moss must be checked regularly, and the temperature, humidity and light should be adjusted according to the growth to ensure that there is no water accumulation in the field and to avoid affecting the growth of moss.

[0023] Preferably, in step 2, 1 jin of seed is placed around every 2-3 square meters of geotextile.

[0024] Preferably, in step 2, during the refined field management, it is necessary to prevent mold growth on the flowers and control the insect density on the moss, with the number of autumn aphids per square centimeter being 5-15.

[0025] Preferably, in step 2, during the refined field management, attention should be paid to preventing water accumulation on the moss surface. While maintaining humidity, it is also necessary to prevent the moss from becoming moldy after high temperature and humidity. After the nymphs form wax balls, they mainly rely on diffused light. The daytime light intensity in the field should be controlled at 3000-10000 lux.

[0026] Application of *Rhus chinensis* as a winter host for the autumn-migrating aphid of *Rhus chinensis*.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0028] 1. Existing technology records that the winter host of the sumac aphid is *Bryum tigrinum*, but after multiple experiments, it was found that the superior drought-tolerant winter host of the sumac aphid is *Thuidium kanedae* Sakurai, which does not parasitize *Bryum tigrinum*. The true winter host is *Thuidium kanedae*. Furthermore, *Thuidium kanedae* is easy to artificially propagate, grows mostly on rocks and embankments under forest canopies, has low requirements for temperature, humidity, and light, grows well in natural environments, and has a wide range of moss species for collection. Using *Thuidium kanedae* as the winter host for the sumac aphid in artificial breeding overcomes the technical biases in the industry, pioneers an artificial breeding method for sumac, realizes artificial breeding of sumac, increases sumac yield, and consequently increases gallnut yield.

[0029] 2. By artificially planting *Gnaphalium affine* under *Gnaphalium affine* forests, the natural migration of *Gnaphalium affine* aphids can be encouraged. This reduces the tedious process of artificial moss cultivation and yields more than double the *Gnaphalium affine* flower yield per acre compared to manual bagging. The planting and management are convenient and simple, requiring minimal labor, which is beneficial for the large-scale development of the *Gnaphalium affine* industry. Alternatively, moss can be collected and centrally planted, allowing migrating aphids to overwinter naturally on the moss. In mid-March of the following year, the moss can be collected in a collection shed and bagged, complementing the shortcomings of natural migration through forest-based moss cultivation.

[0030] 3. The growth of *Phyllostachys pubescens* greatly affects the parasitism of *Aphidius rubra*. By implementing refined field management of the pubescens area and controlling field light, the *Phyllostachys pubescens* can grow under suitable light intensity, achieving high coverage and thus increasing the parasitism of aphids per unit area. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] In the description of this invention, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. Where the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes and to distinguish technical features, they should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the sequential relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0033] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described.

[0034] Example 1:

[0035] (1) Experimental unit: Zunyi Gallnut Planting and Breeding Professional Cooperative

[0036] (2) Experimental location: Huangcun Group, Zhongnan Village, Songlin Town, Huichuan District, Zunyi City, with longitude 106.697, latitude 27.6673, and altitude 1110 meters.

[0037] (3) Specific materials and methods for the experiment:

[0038] A method for cultivating double-flowered Rhus chinensis using Rhus chinensis as a winter host for the autumn-migrating aphid of Rhus chinensis includes the following steps:

[0039] S1: Winter host moss planting:

[0040] S11: Raw material preparation: Prepare 30 square meters of geotextile fabric, cut into 1 piece per square meter; 1 circle of 6-needle shade netting, 2 meters wide and 100 meters long; 60 fiberglass arches, 5 mm thick and 1.9 meters long; 1 bucket; 1 hoe; 1 shovel; 30 catties of *Phyllostachys pubescens* seeds collected from the wild (this *Phyllostachys pubescens* species); 50 kg of clay from 30 cm below the surface; and a certain amount of clean water.

[0041] S12: Land preparation: Turn over the soil and make ridges, 1.2 meters wide and 40 centimeters high. The ridges should be higher on one side and lower on the other, with a height difference of about 15 cm to facilitate rainwater drainage.

[0042] S13: Moss Planting: After collecting moss seeds from the wild, remove impurities and other mosses. Put clay in a bucket and stir it into a slurry. Lay geotextile on the ridge and water it thoroughly. Pour the slurry onto the geotextile and spread it evenly by hand. The thickness of the slurry should not exceed 0.2 cm. Then tear the moss into thin strips and plant them on the geotextile at 6 cm intervals. After planting the moss, use a wooden board to pat the moss onto the slurry so that the moss and slurry are completely adhered together. This will help the moss to take root and sprout new branches as soon as possible. About 1 jin of moss is needed per square meter. Finally, insert arches and cover with a shade net. The shade net has a shading rate of 75%. The growth of the moss must be checked regularly, and the temperature, humidity and light should be adjusted according to the growth. Ensure that there is no water accumulation in the field to avoid affecting the growth of the moss.

[0043] S2: Migration of Rhus chinensis Autumn Aphids: In mid-September, when 5% of the Rhus chinensis flowers have begun to migrate, select 15 catties of high-quality large-flowered Rhus chinensis flowers as seed aphids. Pack them in baskets at a rate of 1 catties per basket and place them evenly around a 30 square meter area of ​​Rhus chinensis. Remove the shade netting and allow the Rhus chinensis Autumn Aphids to migrate naturally onto the moss. Pay attention to the mold growth on the Rhus chinensis flowers and the insect density on the moss. The number of autumn aphids per square centimeter should be 5-15. After the autumn aphids migrate onto the moss in late September, pay attention to preventing water accumulation on the moss surface. While maintaining humidity, prevent the moss from becoming moldy due to high temperature and humidity. After the aphids form wax balls, they mainly rely on diffused light. The optimal light intensity is 3000-10000 lux.

[0044] S3: Collection of overwintering nymphs of the moss: When nymphs emerge as spring migratory aphids on the moss in mid-March of the following year, all moss blocks can be moved to the aphid collection shed to collect the spring migratory aphids.

[0045] S4: When collecting spring aphids, the bags should be placed in an environment with a humidity of 70%-85% for 7-10 days to allow the spring aphids to lay male and female aphids and complete mating in the high humidity environment. After about 10 days, the bags can be stored at room temperature. After collecting spring aphids for 25 days, the bags can be removed to check whether the female aphids have laid female stems. If female stems are found crawling, the bags can be hung on sumac trees according to the collection date. In mid-April, the female stems climb the tree to feed and form larvae. In mid-June, the larvae gradually swell, and the mature flowers are collected in mid-September.

[0046] In this scheme, before transplanting the moss in step S3, 5 1-square-centimeter samples were randomly selected from each of 10 square moss patches and observed under a microscope. It was observed that there were 2-7 unemerged nymphs per square centimeter in Example 1.

[0047] The moss is bright green, with an average coverage rate of 85.6% on a single piece of geotextile.

[0048] In step S4, 80-110 bags of aphids are collected manually per square meter, and 3-year-old trees can produce 4-5 double flowers per branch through natural migration, with the whole tree producing up to 30-40 double flowers, and the yield of double flowers per mu reaching 180-250 jin.

[0049] Example 2:

[0050] Unlike Example 1, the short-ribbed feather moss was replaced with green feather moss.

[0051] In this scheme, before transplanting the moss in step S3, five 1-square-centimeter samples were randomly selected from each of the 10 square moss patches and observed under a microscope. It was observed that there were 1-4 unemerged nymphs per square centimeter, as in Example 1.

[0052] Example 3:

[0053] Unlike Example 1, *Bryophytum brevicornu* was replaced with *Bryophytum macrocarpus*.

[0054] In this scheme, before transplanting the moss in step S3, 5 1-square-centimeter samples were randomly selected from each of 10 square moss patches and observed under a microscope. It was observed that there were 1-5 unemerged nymphs per square centimeter, as in Example 1.

[0055] Comparative Example 1:

[0056] Wild sumac flowers were collected from wild sumac forests.

[0057] According to observations, wild sumac forests yield 10-20 jin of flowers per mu.

[0058] Comparative Example 2:

[0059] Unlike Example 1, the shading net has a shading rate of 50%.

[0060] The moss is slightly yellow in color, with an average coverage rate of 40.3% on a single piece of geotextile.

[0061] Before transplanting the moss in step S3, five 1-square-centimeter samples were randomly selected from each of the 10 square moss patches and observed under a microscope. It was observed that there were 0-3 unemerged nymphs per square centimeter in Example 1.

[0062] Comparative Example 3:

[0063] Unlike Example 1, no shade net is provided.

[0064] The moss was yellowish-brown, with an average coverage rate of 20.3% on a single piece of geotextile.

[0065] Before transplanting the moss in step S3, five 1-square-centimeter samples were randomly selected from each of the 10 square moss patches and observed under a microscope. It was observed that there were 0-2 unemerged nymphs per square centimeter, as in Example 1.

[0066] Comparative Example 4:

[0067] Unlike Example 1, Feather Moss was replaced with Gray Moss.

[0068] Before transplanting the moss in step S3, five 1-square-centimeter samples were randomly selected from each of the 10 square moss patches and observed under a microscope. It was found that no aphids were parasitizing the large gray moss patches.

[0069] in conclusion:

[0070] 1. By comparing the experimental data of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the yield of artificially cultivated gallnuts is much better than that of wild gallnuts, proving that the method of artificially cultivating gallnuts can greatly increase the yield of gallnuts.

[0071] 2. Based on field observations and the above experimental data, it can be concluded that *Phyllostachys pubescens* is an excellent winter host for the migrating aphid *Rhus chinensis*. Artificial breeding of *Rhus chinensis* can be achieved by planting *Phyllostachys pubescens* to facilitate the aphids' migration. Furthermore, in Examples 1-3, *Phyllostachys short-ribbed* exhibited the highest parasitism rate among the migrating aphids, thus establishing *Phyllostachys short-ribbed* as the optimal winter host for *Rhus chinensis*.

[0072] 3. The growth of moss is closely related to the light intensity in the natural environment. When the light intensity in the moss field decreases or increases (by controlling the light intensity in the moss field by selecting the shading rate of the shading net), the coverage and growth of moss will be negatively affected, thereby affecting the parasitism of the aphid in a single area, and thus affecting the yield of moss.

[0073] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for illustrative and explanatory purposes. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it is obvious that many changes and variations can be made based on the above teachings. Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, these specific embodiments are merely explanations of the invention and are not intended to limit it. The specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. The purpose of selecting and describing exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application, so that those skilled in the art, after reading this specification, can make modifications, substitutions, variations, and various choices and changes to the embodiments as needed without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, provided that such modifications, substitutions, variations, and choices and changes are within the scope of the claims of the invention and are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating double-flowered Rhus chinensis using Rhus chinensis as a winter host for autumn-migrating aphids, characterized in that: S1: Winter host moss planting: S11: Raw material preparation: Collect 30 catties of wild-grown sphagnum moss seeds and prepare underground clay for later use; S12: Land preparation: Turning the soil and ridging it, ready for use; S13: Moss planting: Put clay in a bucket and stir it into mud. Take a piece of geotextile cut into 1 square meter pieces, lay it on the ridge and water it thoroughly. Pour the mud onto the geotextile and spread it evenly by hand. Then tear the collected sphagnum moss seeds into small pieces and plant them on the geotextile. After planting the moss, use a wooden board to pat the moss and stick it to the mud, so that the moss and mud are completely adhered together. Cover the geotextile with a shade net above the planted moss, and then do a good job of field management and wait for the moss seeds to grow. S2: Migration of the autumn aphids of Rhus chinensis: In mid-September, when the Rhus chinensis flowers open, the autumn aphids begin to migrate. Select large Rhus chinensis flowers as seed aphids and place them next to the moss seed aphids. Remove the shade net and let the autumn aphids of Rhus chinensis flowers migrate naturally to the moss. After the autumn aphids have migrated to the moss in late September, continue to set up the shade net and do a good job of fine field management. S3: Collection of overwintering nymphs of the moss: When nymphs emerge as spring migratory aphids on the moss in mid-March of the following year, all moss blocks can be moved to the aphid collection shed to collect the spring migratory aphids. S4: Cultivating Double Flowers: After collecting and bagging the spring migrating aphids, allow them to lay male and female aphids in a high-humidity environment and complete mating. Check the bags to see if the female aphids have laid female stems. If female stems are found crawling, hang the bags on sumac trees according to the collection date. In mid-April, the female stems climb the tree to feed and form juvenile double flowers. In mid-June, the juvenile double flowers gradually swell. Collect the double flowers after they mature in mid-September.

2. The method for cultivating double-flowered Rhus chinensis as a winter host for the autumn-migrating aphid of Rhus chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feather mosses include one or more of the following: short-ribbed feather moss, green feather moss, and large feather moss.

3. The method for cultivating double-flowered Rhus chinensis as a winter host for the autumn-migrating aphid of Rhus chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tufted moss is *Pterygium brevicornum*.

4. The method for cultivating double-flowered Rhus chinensis as a winter host for the autumn-migrating aphid of Rhus chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S12, ridges are made with a width of 1.2 meters and a height of 40 centimeters, with one side of the ridge being higher than the other, with a height difference of 15 centimeters.

5. The method for cultivating double-flowered Rhus chinensis as a winter host for the autumn-migrating aphid of Rhus chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S13, the mud thickness should not exceed 0.2 cm; the collected sphagnum moss seeds are torn into thin pieces and planted on the geotextile at 6 cm intervals, with 1 jin of moss required per square meter of geotextile.

6. The method for cultivating double-flowered Rhus chinensis as a winter host for the autumn-migrating aphid of Rhus chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S13, the shading net has a shading rate of 75%. During field management, the growth of moss must be checked regularly, and the temperature, humidity, and light should be adjusted according to the growth to ensure that there is no water accumulation in the field and to avoid affecting the growth of moss.

7. The method for cultivating double-flowered Rhus chinensis as a winter host for the autumn-migrating aphid of Rhus chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, place 1 jin of seeds around every 2-3 square meters of geotextile.

8. The method for cultivating double-flowered Rhus chinensis as a winter host for the autumn-migrating aphid of Rhus chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, during the refined field management, it is necessary to prevent mold growth on the flowers and control the insect density on the moss, with the number of autumn aphids per square centimeter being 5-15.

9. The method for cultivating double-flowered Rhus chinensis as a winter host for the autumn-migrating aphid of Rhus chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, during the refined field management, attention should be paid to preventing water accumulation on the moss surface. While maintaining humidity, it is also necessary to prevent the moss from becoming moldy after high temperature and humidity. After the nymphs form wax balls, they mainly rely on diffused light. The daytime light intensity in the field should be controlled at 3000-10000 lux.

10. Application of using *Rhus chinensis* as a winter host for the autumn migratory aphid of *Rhus chinensis* to cultivate *Rhus chinensis* flowers.