Textured color firing method for colored glaze container based on accurate arrangement and controllable temperature

Abstract

The application provides a colored glaze container texture and color matching firing method based on accurate arrangement and controllable temperature, and comprises the following steps: step 1, preparing and selecting standardized units; step 2, according to a pre-designed colored glaze container target pattern, texture and color matching effect, a set of predefined arrangement rules is applied to combine and arrange the standardized units selected in step 1; the arrangement rule set comprises one or more rules; the rules comprise color boundary control rules, surface texture control rules, pattern composition rules and top layer superposition effect control rules; step 3, placing the colored glaze assembly with accurate arrangement into a kiln, and performing melting and firing according to a preset multi-section melting temperature curve corresponding to the applied arrangement rules. Through the combination of raw material standardization, arrangement process standardization and firing process parameterization, the colored glaze container can realize predictable and repeatable control of the pattern, texture and color matching effect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of colored glassware manufacturing, and particularly relates to a colored glass container texture and color firing method based on precise arrangement and controllable temperature. BACKGROUND

[0002] Colored glass, as a kind of glass material with a long history, has been widely used in the fields of artware and daily utensils. Traditional colored glass production mainly relies on molds, such as lost-wax casting and mold hot melting. Although these methods can achieve mass production, they also have obvious limitations: lost-wax casting has a complex process, high cost, and long cycle, and the surface is rough and not smooth, requiring a lot of post-processing (grinding, polishing, etc.), which seriously restricts production efficiency; mold hot melting method severely limits the product shape and surface details to the mold shape, especially in generating complex, natural, and fine surface patterns, textures, and color effects that are not pre-set by the mold, but are generated by the material's own characteristics and melting rheology, which fundamentally limits the ability to meet the growing demand for personalization and artistry.

[0003] In addition, there are two problems in traditional processes that affect the stability and controllability of the final effect: one is the difference in raw materials, different batches, sources, or colors of colored glass raw materials may have differences in physical properties such as expansion coefficient and high-temperature viscosity, which can easily lead to firing failure (such as cracking) or unpredictable results when mixed; the second is the subjectivity of process control, especially when trying to break away from the limitations of the mold, often relying on the experience and on-site judgment of the operator, making the formation of patterns, textures, color matching, and even the shape have a lot of randomness, making it difficult to achieve standardized, large-scale production or accurate reproduction of artistic effects, and is not conducive to the inheritance and promotion of skills. The existing technology has not provided a systematic solution to solve the three problems of raw material consistency, process controllability, and effect repeatability.

[0004] The existing technology (especially traditional mold casting methods such as lost-wax casting or mold hot melting) has significant technical limitations in the production of colored glass containers. First, in terms of fine control of patterns, textures, and colors, traditional mold methods have inherent bottlenecks. For example, mold casting usually requires colored glass to reach a high flow state at a high temperature (such as above 900°C) to fill the mold details and ensure accurate shaping, but this results in a high degree of unpredictability in the flow, mixing, and final position distribution of different colored glass raw materials in the mold cavity, making it difficult to accurately control the color blending state, boundary clarity, and spatial layout according to the preset target, and making it difficult to stably achieve fine patterns generated by color configuration or resulting in a high degree of randomness. Moreover, it is impossible to achieve certain complex visual effects that require precise control of the local state of the material (such as partial fusion, specific color diffusion gradient) to form.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need in the art for an innovative glassware firing method that overcomes the above limitations. This method should be able to break through the limitations of molds, showcase the natural beauty of glass, and achieve predictable and repeatable generation of surface patterns, textures, and color configuration effects through systematic and quantifiable technical means, while simplifying or eliminating post-processing procedures. This method should demonstrate significant technical advancement in terms of effect control precision, visual richness, production efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application aims to provide a glass container texture and color configuration firing method based on precise arrangement and controllable temperature, aiming to solve the problems of inconsistent raw materials, subjective process control, unpredictable and repeatable effects, excessive reliance on molds or post-processing in the prior art. The technical solution adopted is as follows:

[0007] A glass container texture and color configuration firing method based on precise arrangement and controllable temperature, which is a kiln firing method based on regular and precise arrangement of standardized solid glass raw material units and matching of accurate and controllable firing temperature curves, specifically including the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Selection of standardized solid glass raw material units:

[0009] Select standardized solid glass raw material units with uniform physical properties and pre-set standard form specifications and colors;

[0010] Step 2: Rule-based precise arrangement:

[0011] According to the pre-designed target pattern, texture, and color configuration effect of the glass container, a set of quantifiable and strongly correlated pre-defined arrangement rules with the temperature curve parameters in Step 3 are applied to systematically and quantitatively arrange the standardized solid glass raw material units selected in Step 1 in two or three dimensions on the kiln's supporting plate at room temperature (25℃);

[0012] The arrangement rule set is not simply a raw material arrangement, but rather it deconstructs the target visual effect characteristics (such as color boundary clarity, texture smoothness or undulation) into a series of quantifiable arrangement parameters, and establishes a one-to-one parameterized relationship between these parameters and the type selection, quantity, spatial position parameters (such as spacing, overlap, angle), mutual relationship, and layering structure parameters (such as number of layers, sequence, thickness, size compensation) of standardized raw material units;

[0013] Step 3: Pattern, texture, and color configuration melting firing based on controllable temperature:

[0014] The glass components with accurate arrangement are placed into a kiln, and are fired according to a preset multi-stage melting temperature curve which is strongly associated and cooperated with the specific arrangement rule applied in step 2, so as to stably convert the parameterized design in the arrangement stage into a final repeatable visual effect, and form a fused whole with a target pattern, texture and color corresponding to the arrangement rule and the melting temperature curve;

[0015] According to the prior art Figure 2 , the preset multi-stage melting temperature curve in the present application has a similar trend as Figure 2 . Figures 2-3 In the present application, the horizontal coordinate represents hours.

[0016] That is, the "texture color matching" refers to the pattern, texture and color matching.

[0017] Step 4, auxiliary hot bending molding firing based on a limited mold:

[0018] If a specific three-dimensional shape is needed, the fused whole in step 3 is combined with a limited mold with a specific shape and positioning, and is fired according to a preset multi-stage hot bending temperature curve for accurate control, so as to form the basic shape of the container and obtain the finished product.

[0019] According to the prior art Figure 3 , the preset multi-stage hot bending temperature curve in the present application has a similar trend as Figure 3 .

[0020] Preferably, in order to ensure that glass raw materials of different sources or batches have consistent melting firing compatibility, a method for preparing standardized solid glass raw material units comprises:

[0021] The lead crystal glass raw material containing 24% (wt%) of lead oxide and having a glass linear expansion coefficient (COE) of about 98 is placed in a furnace and is subjected to homogenization treatment at a temperature of 1300°C for at least 10 hours;

[0022] Then, the glass after the homogenization treatment is processed into at least one preset standard shape specification selected from the following group:

[0023] ① Thick sheet: thickness 0.5 cm ± 0.05 cm, width 35 cm ± 1 cm, length 40 cm ± 1 cm;

[0024] ② Thin sheet: thickness 0.25 cm ± 0.03 cm, width 35 cm ± 1 cm, length 40 cm ± 1 cm;

[0025] ③ Thick round cake: thickness 1 cm ± 0.1 cm, diameter 10 cm ± 0.5 cm;

[0026] (4) Thin round cake: 0.5 cm ± 0.05 cm in thickness and 10 cm ± 0.5 cm in diameter;

[0027] (5) Thick round rod: 0.4 cm ± 0.04 cm in cross-sectional diameter and 100 cm ± 5 cm in length;

[0028] (6) Thin round rod: 0.2 cm ± 0.02 cm in cross-sectional diameter and 100 cm ± 5 cm in length;

[0029] (7) Thick granular square: 0.8 cm ± 0.1 cm in length;

[0030] (8) Thin granular square: 0.2 cm ± 0.03 cm in length;

[0031] (9) 120 mesh ± 10 mesh powder;

[0032] (10) 400 mesh ± 20 mesh powder.

[0033] Among the following, the standardized solid glass raw material unit is referred to as "standardized unit" for short.

[0034] Preferably, each of the standardized solid glass raw material units has a plurality of preset colors, including at least one or more of clear (colorless transparent), blue, green, yellow, purple, and red.

[0035] Preferably, the predefined arrangement rule set in step 2 controls the final pattern, texture, and color configuration effect by decomposing the target visual effect into specific arrangement parameters, and the rule set includes at least one or more of the following rules:

[0036] (1) Color boundary control rule, used to set the transition effect between adjacent color areas:

[0037] Rule CB1 (target: clear boundary): adjacent different color standardized units (sheet or rod) are physically placed close together with a gap controlled at <0.5 mm to maximize the limitation of color lateral diffusion in subsequent melting;

[0038] Rule CB2 (target: soft boundary): a set gap (e.g., 1-3 mm) is maintained between adjacent different color standardized units, and optionally, a specific type (e.g., fine granular or powder) and color of standardized unit is filled in the gap, and a soft transition is achieved by using the capillary action and color diffusion of the gap and filler during melting, with the effect being linked to the control of melting temperature / time;

[0039] Rule CB3 (target: gradient boundary): granular or powder standardized units of at least two colors are arranged according to a specific spatial distribution function or mixing ratio to form a color gradient after melting;

[0040] (2) Surface texture control rules, for setting the tactile and gloss effects of the finished surface:

[0041] Rule TX1 (Target: Smooth Texture): Prescribes the use of sheet-shaped standardized units for the surface layer, and instructs the use of deep fusion parameters in the melting stage to achieve a high degree of flatness by utilizing surface tension at high temperatures;

[0042] Rule TX2 (Target: Fine Grain Texture): Prescribes the uniform scattering of standardized fine-grained standardized units (such as Specification ⑧ or ⑨) at a specified scattering density (e.g. 0.3-0.7g / cm²) on the designated layer, and utilizes the partial melting of the particles into the matrix during melting to form uniform fine concave-convex;

[0043] Rule TX3 (Target: Coarse Grain / Rough Texture): Prescribes the arrangement of coarse-grained standardized units (such as Specification ⑦) or the use of rod-shaped standardized units on the designated layer according to a specified pattern or density, and instructs the use of shallow fusion parameters in the melting stage to preserve the original form of the units and form significant surface undulations;

[0044] (3) Pattern formation rules, for generating specific geometric or abstract patterns:

[0045] Rule PT1 (Target: Stripe Pattern): Prescribes the use of rod-shaped standardized units or cut sheet-shaped standardized units, specifying their diameter or thickness (mm), color sequence code (e.g. A-B-A-C...), arrangement direction, and gap width code (associated rule CB1 or CB2), to form stripes through linear repetition of the units;

[0046] Rule PT2 (Target: Mosaic / Fragmented Pattern): Prescribes the use of sheet-shaped standardized units cut into specific geometric shapes (such as squares, triangles), specifying their size (mm), color combination, and fitting method (tight / leaving gaps), to form patterns through two-dimensional array or random combination of the units;

[0047] (4) Layering effect control rules, for setting color superposition and edge form:

[0048] Rule LY1 (Target: Transparent Overlay): Prescribes the use of a specified thickness of transparent sheet-shaped standardized units on top of the color arrangement layer to solidify the pattern and produce a highlight effect during melting;

[0049] Where the arrangement layer formed according to the arrangement rule set = color arrangement layer + transparent top layer;

[0050] Rule LY2 (Target: Color Translucency): Prescribes the stacking of different colored translucent or transparent sheet-shaped standardized units in a specific order to produce a mixed color effect by light penetrating through different color layers;

[0051] Rule LY3 (Objective: Edge Control): Specifies the size reduction value or calculation method (e.g., reduction amount (cm) = K * total thickness (cm), where K is an empirically or experimentally determined compensation coefficient) of the top layer covering unit relative to the bottom layer (substrate) arrangement range to control the flow and final profile of the edge when melted.

[0052] Preferably, the melting temperature curve parameters of step 3 are set in close connection and synergy with the specific arrangement rules applied in step 2 and their expected visual effects to achieve the target visual effects, where the precisely controllable parameters include:

[0053] (1) Initial warming-up phase:

[0054] Average warming-up rate (≤ 1.75°C / min) or total duration (≥ 300 minutes); holding temperature (550°C) and duration (≥ 10 minutes);

[0055] (2) Melting phase: Warming-up rate (≥ 3°C / min);

[0056] Selection of target melting temperature (shallow fusion 720-760°C, corresponding to rules CB1, TX3, etc.; deep fusion 790-830°C, corresponding to rules CB2, TX1, etc.) and precise holding duration (shallow ≤ 30 minutes; deep ≥ 30 minutes);

[0057] That is, the target melting temperature mainly affects the color boundary control rules and surface texture control rules.

[0058] (3) Preliminary cooling phase:

[0059] Cooling rate (as fast as possible); annealing starting temperature (550°C) and holding duration (≥ 60 minutes).

[0060] Preferably, the auxiliary modeling firing of step 4 includes the following precisely controllable parameters:

[0061] (1) Limited jig: Specific material, geometric shape, key dimensions (in mm), in-kiln fixed position coordinates, contact mode with the glass piece, and isolation layer specifications (e.g., 2mm thick aluminum silicate ceramic fiber paper);

[0062] (2) Hot bending temperature curve: Warming-up rate; selection of hot bending working temperature (630-740°C); precise holding duration or termination condition based on real-time monitoring (e.g., angle reaches 45°±3°); rapid cooling rate.

[0063] Preferably, the temperature curve in step 3 includes the following precisely controllable parameters:

[0064] (1) Annealing cooling rate (≤0.5℃ / min);

[0065] (2) Annealing end temperature point (460℃) and holding time based on product thickness (e.g. ≥240 minutes for thickness ≥2cm);

[0066] (3) Final cooling rate (≤1.21℃ / min, total duration ≥360 minutes).

[0067] Preferably, by selecting specific standardized raw material units, following the corresponding arrangement rules set, and matching the execution of the corresponding melting and firing temperature curve, the system can systematically and repeatedly fire the glass container with the preset target pattern (such as pattern shape, line thickness), texture (such as smooth, undulating, grainy), and color matching (such as color distribution, boundary clarity, fusion degree) effects.

[0068] Wherein, the line thickness refers to the line of the pattern shape; "thickness" refers to the thickness of the outline of the pattern shape, as the pattern shape is composed of lines of different thicknesses. Rule: PT1+CB1+CB2.

[0069] Preferably, the surface of the finished glass container presents a natural bright effect of fire polishing.

[0070] In summary, the present application mainly realizes the accurate control and stable reproduction of the pattern, texture, and color matching effects of the glass container through the systematic combination of the three major technical innovation points.

[0071] (1) Source standardization and control - standardized raw material preparation and selection:

[0072] The present application recognizes that the uniformity of raw materials is the basis for repeatable production.

[0073] Therefore, it is proposed to first perform high-temperature homogenization treatment on the original glass material (key parameters: ≥1300℃, ≥10 hours) to ensure that all glass materials participating in subsequent processes have uniform and compatible physical properties.

[0074] Further, the homogenized material is processed into a series of "standardized solid glass raw material units" with preset standard morphological specifications (such as standard thick / thin sheets, thick / thin rods, thick / thin particles, and specific mesh powders) and standard colors (such as blue, green, etc.).

[0075] All subsequent arrangement operations are based on these standardized units with consistent performance and clear specifications, greatly improving the controllability of the process and the predictability of the results from the source. This constitutes the first core innovation point of the present application, which is different from the traditional random selection of raw materials.

[0076] (2) Process rules - precise placement method based on rules / coding:

[0077] The second core innovation of the present application is to upgrade the pre-firing raw material placement process from an empirical artistic creation and a conventional process adjustment relying on a large number of trial and error to a process operation that can be followed, quantified, and systematized.

[0078] The present application proposes and establishes a set of "placement rules".

[0079] The creative key point of the present application is not the use of the melting characteristics of colored glass, which is a known technology, but the establishment of a stable and reproducible systematic causal relationship between the "target visual effect type" and the "quantitative placement parameters" and the "matching firing parameters" for the first time.

[0080] The system clearly and parameterically associates the specific visual effects expected to be obtained (for example, "clear color boundaries", "soft color transitions", "fine-grained matte texture", "coarse-grained relief texture", "regular stripe pattern", "random jigsaw pattern", etc.) with the specific placement method of the standardized raw material units required to achieve the effect (including which standard unit to choose, how many to use, how to place, unit spacing, overlapping method, layering order, filler use, etc.), and then builds a quantitative mapping relationship between visual effects and "placement parameters + temperature parameters".

[0081] Among them, "association" includes color boundary control rules, surface texture control rules, pattern composition rules, and layering effect control rules.

[0082] The core of the present application is to reveal the synergistic effect and quantitative correspondence between the physical parameters of the placement rules and the key parameters of the melting temperature curve. This association is based on a deep understanding of the physical and chemical behavior of standardized units under a specific temperature curve, such as melting, flowing, and diffusing, and a large amount of experimental data summary, forming a set of predictable and calculable process models, thereby upgrading the traditional "artistic creation" relying on subjective experience to a stable and reproducible "industrial design".

[0083] For example, the rules clearly state that in order to obtain clear color boundaries, a close and parallel placement method must be used (rule CB1), because this physically limits the lateral diffusion distance between colors in the molten state;

[0084] In order to obtain a specific roughness of the texture, the rules will specify the use of particles of a specific size and regulate the spreading density (rules TX2 / TX3), because the size and density of the particles directly determine the degree and distribution of concave-convex formed on the surface after melting.

[0085] The operator (including non-inheritors, etc.) only needs to query and apply the corresponding arrangement rules and matching firing curves according to the design target, such as checking engineering blueprints or executing a formula, to systematically and accurately complete the arrangement operation, thereby constructing an initial structure capable of producing a target effect with a high probability and repeatability based on known material behavior and spatial constraints. This solves the technical problem of randomness and uncontrollability of the final effect caused by parameter mismatch in the prior art.

[0086] (3) Firing process parameterization - matching execution of controllable temperature curve:

[0087] The present application emphasizes that the arrangement design must be combined with the precisely matched firing temperature curve to finally achieve the expected effect.

[0088] For different arrangement schemes (applied arrangement rule combinations) and target effects (such as fusion degree, flow degree, color diffusion degree), the present application provides corresponding preset multi-stage temperature curves (including melting, optional heat bending, annealing, etc.).

[0089] The characteristics of these curves are that all key parameters (heating rate, holding temperature, holding time, cooling rate) are accurately set and can be strictly executed by the kiln temperature control system.

[0090] The accuracy of the temperature curve ensures that the arrangement structure can evolve according to the expected physical and chemical path, stably converting the arrangement design into the final pattern, texture, and color configuration effect.

[0091] (4) Auxiliary modeling control - precise application of limited jigs (optional):

[0092] For containers that require specific three-dimensional forms, the present application retains and optimizes the method of using limited jigs for auxiliary modeling. The key lies in the non-complete covering nature of the jig, the locality of the action, and the precise controllability of the form, size, and positioning. The jig is used in conjunction with a specific heat bending temperature curve to guide the overall deformation, rather than to shape the detailed texture. The predictability of its modeling comes from the fact that the molten whole formed through the previous steps has a known quality distribution and thermal performance determined by standardized raw materials and the melting process, and when it interacts with a limited jig of precise form and size under a precise heat bending temperature curve, its deformation behavior (such as sagging, bending) is predictable and repeatable.

[0093] (5) Guarantee of precise operation: The present application method emphasizes precise operation in the arrangement and firing processes.

[0094] In the precise arrangement stage, positioning templates, marking tools, calipers, and other measuring tools can be used to ensure the accuracy of unit position, spacing, and size, and to check against design drawings or arrangement rule forms.

[0095] In the controllable temperature firing stage, the kiln temperature controller with programmable control algorithm is relied on, and the temperature monitoring and feedback control are performed by cooperating with the thermocouple with required accuracy level (such as K-type or S-type), and the preset multi-section temperature curve including the accurate heating / cooling rate (°C / minute or hour), target temperature (°C) and holding time (minute or hour) is strictly implemented.

[0096] The present application utilizes the specific viscosity characteristics (as shown in the following table) of the colored glaze in different temperature ranges: Figure 1

[0097] Greater than about 750℃, lgη is usually < 5-7 (A zone, high temperature and low viscosity), the colored glaze is a viscous liquid with good fluidity. The pattern and texture depth fusion of the present application is achieved by utilizing the characteristics of this zone to realize the sufficient fusion of the standardized raw material unit, color diffusion and leveling under surface tension, and to form the preset pattern, texture and color matching. The homogenization treatment (≥1300℃) of the standardized raw material is also in this zone.

[0098] About 500℃-750℃, lgη is usually between 7-12 (B zone, medium temperature and medium viscosity), the viscosity of the colored glaze changes sharply, and it is in a plastic viscoelastic state. The pattern and texture shallow fusion and hot bending molding firing of the present application are both selected in this range, and the accurate temperature control is used to achieve controllable softening deformation or limit excessive flow, so as to shape and maintain specific texture and modeling.

[0099] Less than about 500℃, lgη is usually > 12-14 (C zone, low temperature and high viscosity), the colored glaze is in a hard and brittle solid state or a high viscous elastomer. The annealing treatment of the present application utilizes the characteristics of this zone to slowly release internal stress.

[0100] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0101] (1) Precise controllability and improvement of pattern and texture color matching effect: the surface effect in the prior art which depends on the mold (providing limited decoration) or is relatively randomly generated is improved by accurate control through quantized arrangement rules and temperature parameters, and high predictability and repeatability from design to result are achieved, so that the pattern and texture and color are relatively more precisely controllable from the original relative randomness.

[0102] (2) Great enrichment of visual effect: not limited to the limited decoration that can be copied by the mold, through the diversified combination of standardized units and controlled melting interaction, much richer, more diverse and more delicate pattern, texture and color matching effect can be created than traditional methods, and specific visual effects that cannot be prepared by traditional mold casting can also be achieved.

[0103] ​(3) Natural and vivid aesthetic expression: By utilizing the natural flow and surface tension of materials under controlled conditions, the patterns, textures, and color transitions produced are more natural, full, and vivid, avoiding the stiffness and replication traces that molds may bring.

[0104] (4) Significant optimization of production efficiency and cost-effectiveness: By obtaining a fire-polished surface, the need for extensive post-cold processing (grinding, polishing, etc.) required by traditional processes is significantly reduced or even eliminated, greatly shortening the production cycle, reducing labor and material costs, improving overall production efficiency, and having unparalleled advantages for complex textured surfaces that cannot or are difficult to cold process.

[0105] (5) Standardization and convenience of process inheritance: The key arrangement steps are regularized and parameterized, reducing dependence on individual operator experience, making the craft easier to learn, master, and standardize inheritance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0106] Figure 1 Viscosity-temperature relationship diagram for the glass in Example 1;

[0107] Figure 2 Common melting firing temperature curve (dashed part is a variable parameter);

[0108] Figure 3 Common hot bending firing temperature curve (dashed part is a variable parameter);

[0109] Figure 4 Arrangement mode diagram of thin round rods in Example 1;

[0110] Figure 5 Glass container pattern, texture, and color firing method flowchart based on precise arrangement and controllable temperature in Example 1;

[0111] Figure 6 Process diagram for applying stripe pattern rules for arrangement in Example 1;

[0112] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of placing the arranged components in the center of the kiln;

[0113] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the glass thick plate formed after step 3 in Example 1;

[0114] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of placing the glass thick plate on the die in Example 1;

[0115] Figure 10 State change diagram of the glass thick plate along with the hot bending temperature curve in Example 1;

[0116] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the bowl-shaped glass container in Example 1;

[0117] Figure 12 A comparison diagram of the effects of deep fusion and shallow fusion;

[0118] Figure 13 A physical diagram of the sheet-shaped standardized unit in Example 2;

[0119] Figure 14 A process diagram of the application of the sheet-shaped standardized unit for precise arrangement in Example 2;

[0120] Figure 15 A physical diagram of Step 3 in Example 2 in the first cooling stage;

[0121] Figure 16 A physical diagram after Step 3 in Example 2.

[0122] Wherein, 1 - thin round rod, 2 - positioning comb. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0123] The glass container texture and color firing method based on precise arrangement and controllable temperature of the present application will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the schematic diagram, which represents the preferred embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can modify the present application described herein while still achieving the advantageous effects of the present application. Therefore, the following description should be understood as extensive knowledge to those skilled in the art, and not as a limitation on the present application.

[0124] Example 1

[0125] As Figures 4-5 , the present example aims to fire a bowl-shaped container of lead crystal glass (COE 98) with a final outer shape size of about 25 cm (length) x 20 cm (width) x 10 cm (height) and a wall thickness of about 2 cm.

[0126] Target effect: The outer wall presents a three-color interlaced relief stripe pattern of blue, green and clear material, with soft color boundaries and a fine undulating texture formed by fine particles.

[0127] Wherein, "clear material" refers to transparent material.

[0128] Step 1: Preparation and selection of standardized raw material units

[0129] (1) Preparation of standardized raw material units:

[0130] First, the original blue, green, clear material and other colored lead crystal glass block materials are subjected to homogenization treatment at 1300°C or above for 10 hours or more.

[0131] Then process into standard units including but not limited to the following specifications: standard transparent thick piece (STTP, 0.5cm thick), standard transparent thin piece (STBP, 0.25cm thick), standard blue thin round bar (SLXRB, 0.2cm diameter), standard green thin round bar (SLXRG, 0.2cm diameter), standard light thin round bar (SXRB-M, 0.2cm diameter), standard blue thin granule (SKLB, 0.2cm side length), standard green thin granule (SKLG, 0.2cm side length), standard light thin granule (SKLM, 0.2cm side length).

[0132] (2) Select raw materials: In this example, STTP, STBP, SLXRB, SLXRG, SXRB-M, SKLB, and SKLG are selected.

[0133] Step 2: Apply the precise arrangement rule set

[0134] Prepare the kiln bearing plate and lay 2mm thick aluminum silicate ceramic fiber isolation paper.

[0135] Use a positioning ruler and a marking pen to mark a 25cm x 20cm arrangement area on the isolation paper.

[0136] (1) Apply the bottom layer rule (Rule B1: Build a 1.5cm thick base): Select STTP.

[0137] Use a glass cutter and ruler to accurately cut into 3 pieces of 25cm x 20cm.

[0138] Carefully stack the 3 pieces from top to bottom in the marked area, ensuring that the edges are aligned, forming a 1.5cm thick base.

[0139] (2) Apply the stripe pattern rule (Rule PT1 & CB2: Blue-green-light alternating stripes, soft boundaries): Select SLXRB, SLXRG, and SXRB-M.

[0140] As shown in Figure 4 , the cutting length of the precise thin round bar 1 is 19cm (slightly smaller than the 20cm width of the base plate to accommodate the extension of the thin round bar ends during melting and reduce stress concentration).

[0141] Use a positioning comb 2 (or positioning template) with 1mm markings to arrange the thin round bars 1 along the 20cm width direction according to the color sequence code A-B-C-A-B-C... (A=blue, B=green, C=light), alternating arrangement, filling the 25cm length, the arrangement process is shown in Figure 6 . (Since there is a gap of 1mm±0.2mm between each bar, it can meet the extension of the bar during melting. Only the two bars on both sides of the lapis lazuli base plate slightly extend outward, which can be ignored).

[0142] Figure 6 In this case, since the positioning comb 2 has a small thickness, the distance between adjacent thin rods 1 is small, and in Figure 6 In this case, the distance between adjacent thin rods 1 is not shown and needs to be shown after Figure 6 enlargement.

[0143] After that, the positioning comb 2 is removed, and a thin rod layer composed of a plurality of thin rods 1 is formed.

[0144] The positioning comb 2 is used to ensure that a gap of 1 mm ± 0.2 mm is left between the rods (application of gap width rule G2: a gap of 1 mm ± 0.2 mm is left between the rods).

[0145] This setting aims to apply rule CB2, which allows the color to spread moderately and form a soft boundary during subsequent high-temperature melting using the gap.

[0146] (3) Application of fine particle texture and transition rules (Rule TX2 & CB2: Fine texture, auxiliary soft boundary): SKLB, SKLG, and SKLM are mixed in approximately equal proportions.

[0147] Using a quantitative spoon or an electronic scale, according to the spreading density code D1 (= 0.5 g / cm²), a total of about 237.5 grams (19*25*0.5) of three-color mixed particles are uniformly spread on the thin rod layer by means of a sieve or funnel to form a particle layer.

[0148] This setting aims to apply rule TX2 to produce a fine undulating texture, and the particles melt into the gap to further assist rule CB2 to achieve a soft color transition.

[0149] (4) Application of top layer covering and size compensation rules (Rule LY1 & LY3: Transparent covering, prevent excessive stretching): STBP is selected.

[0150] According to rule LY3, the table or formula is calculated (assuming K = 0.8, based on a total thickness of about 2.15 cm), and the STBP with a size of 24.1 cm * 19.1 cm is accurately cut and carefully centered on top of the particle layer.

[0151] This setting aims to apply rule LY1 for transparent covering and rule LY3 for edge flow control.

[0152] Among them, 2.15 cm = 1.5 cm (base thickness) + 0.2 cm (diameter of thin rod 1) + 0.2 cm (edge length of thin particle) + 0.25 cm (thickness of STBP).

[0153] Determination method of 24.1 cm * 19.1 cm:

[0154] Total reduction = 0.8 * 2.15 = 1.72 cm.

[0155] Length reduction + width reduction = 1.72 cm; Length reduction = width reduction.

[0156] Length reduction = width reduction = 0.86 cm.

[0157] Considering the safety factor, the final length reduction = width reduction = 0.9 cm.

[0158] Therefore, the length of STBP = 25 cm - 0.9 cm = 24.1 cm.

[0159] The width of STBP = 20 cm - 0.9 cm = 19.1 cm.

[0160] (5) Check and arrange: Check if the arrangement of each layer meets the design drawing and rule requirements, gently compact to ensure the stability of the structure. Confirm the total arrangement thickness is about 2.15 cm.

[0161] Step 3: Execute the matching fusion firing temperature curve

[0162] Put the arranged components into the center of the kiln, as shown in Figure 7 .

[0163] Set and start the kiln temperature controller with programmable control function, execute the following precisely controlled fusion temperature curve (matching deep fusion and soft border requirements):

[0164] (1) Heating section one: from room temperature (25℃) to 550℃ at a rate of 1.75℃ / min. Time consumption (550-25) / 1.75 = 300 minutes.

[0165] (2) Holding section one: hold at 550℃ for 10 minutes.

[0166] (3) Heating section two: from 550℃ to 790℃ (select deep fusion temperature) at a rate of 3℃ / min. Time consumption (790-550) / 3 = 80 minutes.

[0167] As shown in Figure 12 is the comparison chart of deep fusion and shallow fusion effects.

[0168] (4) Holding section two (fusion holding): hold at 790℃ for 30 minutes. This stage makes each layer fully fused, the rod shape is partially retained but the edge is round, the particles are melted into the texture, and the color is soft transition.

[0169] (5) Cooling section one (rapid cooling): stop heating, open the kiln for natural cooling (or auxiliary air cooling), the target is to drop to 550°C as soon as possible.

[0170] (6) Holding section three (stress release holding): holding at 550°C for 60 minutes.

[0171] (7) Cooling section two (annealing): cooling from 550°C to 460°C at a rate of 0.5°C / min. Time consumption (550-460) / 0.5 = 180 minutes.

[0172] (8) Holding section four (annealing holding): holding at 460°C for 240 minutes.

[0173] That is, stages (5) to (8) constitute the preliminary cooling stage. Stages (1) to (2) constitute the preliminary heating stage.

[0174] (9) Cooling section three (final cooling): cooling from 460°C to room temperature (25°C) at a rate of 1.21°C / min. Time consumption (460-25) / 1.21≈360 minutes.

[0175] Table 1 Basic temperature table for melting firing

[0176] Temperature ramping and cooling time (min) Target temperature (°C) Soak time (min) 1 300 550 10 2 80 790 30 3 Fastest cooling 550 60 4 180 460 240 5 360 Room temperature (25°C) .

[0177] Step 4: Apply limited mold for auxiliary modeling firing (hot bending into a bowl shape)

[0178] Take out the cooled glass thick plate prepared in step 3, as shown in Figure 8 .

[0179] The glass thick plate has texture, and its thickness is about 2 cm. After the initial arrangement stage, the total thickness is about 2.15 cm, and after the depth melting firing in step 3, the layers of glass material are fully fused, the air between the units is discharged, the material is densified as a whole, and there is slight compaction and settlement under the action of gravity, so the actual thickness of the melted glass thick plate will be slightly reduced, and in this example, it is stabilized at about 2 cm.

[0180] Prepare the limited mold: inverted conical table support (refractory ceramic, top diameter 10 cm, bottom diameter 18 cm, height 10 cm).

[0181] Place the mold on the kiln plate and lay 2 mm isolation paper. Place the glass plate with the center accurately aligned with the center of the top (small) end of the mold, as shown in Figure 9 .

[0182] The following precisely controlled hot bending temperature curve is executed:

[0183] (1) Heating-up segment 1: from room temperature (25°C) to 650°C (lower thermal bending temperature) at a rate of 1.30°C / min. Time taken is (650-25) / 1.30 ~ 480 min.

[0184] (2) Holding-up segment 1 (thermal bending holding-up and monitoring): holding-up at 650°C. The sagging of the edges of the glass plate is closely monitored through the observation hole of the kiln. The goal is to make the edges of the glass plate sag uniformly to form an angle of about 45°±3° (bowl wall inclination) with the horizontal line. For a glass plate of about 2 cm in thickness, it is expected to take about 12 min at this temperature to reach the target angle. Once the 45°±3° is confirmed by visual observation or by angle measuring tools, the holding-up is stopped immediately and the next step of cooling-down is entered.

[0185] Control adjustment logic (example): if the angle is significantly less than 42° after 12 min, the temperature can be increased to 660°C and the observation is continued, which is expected to take about 10 min to reach the target; if the sagging is too fast, the holding-up can be ended early at an angle of 35°-40° and the cooling-down is done quickly.

[0186] (3) Cooling-down segment 1 (rapid cooling and setting): the temperature of the kiln is rapidly decreased to 550°C to "freeze" the bowl shape formed.

[0187] (4) Holding-up segment 2 (annealing holding-up): holding-up at 550°C for 60 min.

[0188] (5) Cooling-down segment 2 (annealing cooling-down): cooling-down from 550°C to 460°C at a rate of 0.5°C / min. Time taken is 180 min.

[0189] (6) Holding-up segment 3 (annealing holding-up): holding-up at 460°C for 240 min.

[0190] (7) Cooling-down segment 3 (final cooling-down): cooling-down from 460°C to room temperature (25°C) at a rate of 1.21°C / min. Time taken is about 360 min.

[0191] (8) After the cooling-down is completed, the shaped bowl-shaped glass container is taken out, as shown in Fig. 1. Figure 11

[0192] Table 2 Basic temperature table for thermal bending firing

[0193] Temperature ramping and cooling time (min) Target temperature (°C) Soak time (min) 1 480 650 12 2 Fastest cooling 550 60 3 180 460 240 4 360 Room temperature (25°C)

[0194] The variation of the thermal bending temperature with the thickness of the glass plate is shown in Fig. 2. Figure 10

[0195] Product features and repeatability:

[0196] ​​The resulting product is a bowl-shaped glass container with the expected form, size, pattern, texture, and color matching. The inner and outer surfaces have a good fire polishing gloss (in contrast, the traditional mold method usually needs a lot of time for grinding and polishing to achieve a similar smoothness, and it is difficult to retain the natural fire taste of glass formed at high temperature). It is emphasized that the "precise control" and "repeatability" pursued by the present invention refer to the stable reproduction of key aesthetic feature types of the final product (such as the relief of the stripes, the softness of the color boundary, and the fine-grained texture of the surface). The drawings show the expected results of this highly consistent macro-effect type while retaining the natural flowing beauty of glass in micro-details. The soft transition form of the boundary is not random and uncontrollable, but an expected soft boundary effect produced by the joint action of regular CB2 and deep fusion temperature curve. If regular CB1 is used and matched with a shallow fusion temperature, a clear boundary effect can also be stably obtained (as shown in the effect comparison diagram). Figure 12 Effect comparison diagram).

[0197] Due to the application of standardized raw materials, the adherence to the placement rules, and the precise matching and execution of the placement rules and temperature curves, this method has high repeatability and can stably produce products with the same key design features.

[0198] The core controllability and repeatability of the present invention come from the following interlocking causal relationships:

[0199] (1) Standardized raw materials → predictable behavior:

[0200] High-temperature homogenization treatment and standard form specifications ensure that the melting point, viscosity curve, flowability, and color diffusion of each raw material unit during subsequent heating are known and consistent. This is the basis for all subsequent predictions and controls.

[0201] (2) Placement rules + standardized raw materials → controllable initial structure:

[0202] The placement rules set converts design intentions (patterns, textures, and color matching) into precise spatial layout instructions for standardized raw material units with known behavior. Following the rules for placement, an initial structure with specific physical and chemical interaction potential is constructed. For example, rule CB2 specifies a 1mm gap, which is a spatial setting that takes advantage of the known color diffusion rate at a specific temperature to form a soft boundary.

[0203] (3) Initial structure + melting curve → target pattern texture color:

[0204] Precise execution of the melting temperature curve matched with the placement rules provides precise energy input and time windows for the melting, flowing, and diffusion of each unit in the initial structure.

[0205] Because the raw material behavior is known, the spatial relationship is controlled, and the energy input is accurate, the final pattern, texture, color configuration effect is highly predictable and repeatable.

[0206] (4) Melted whole + limited mold + hot bending curve → stable modeling:

[0207] The melted whole formed through step (3) has a relatively stable mass distribution, thickness, and thermal performance. When this known object interacts with a limited mold that is accurately defined in terms of geometry, size, and position, and under an accurately controlled hot bending temperature curve, the deformation process that occurs due to gravity or auxiliary force is also predictable and repeatable, thereby enabling stable acquisition of the target three-dimensional model.

[0208] In summary, the present application first prepares a standardized solid glass raw material unit with uniform physical properties (expansion coefficient, high-temperature viscosity) and processed into multiple pre-set standard morphological specifications and colors through specific high-temperature homogenization treatment.

[0209] The present application systematically and quantitatively combines these standardized raw material units by applying a set of pre-defined, rule-based or coded precise arrangement methods, and matches an accurately controllable multi-stage firing temperature curve, aiming to achieve predictable and repeatable control of the pattern, texture, and color configuration effect of the final glass container.

[0210] This rule-based precise arrangement method directly specifies the type, spatial relationship, and layering structure of the standardized raw material unit by analyzing the target visual effect into specific, quantified arrangement instructions, thereby utilizing the predictable physical and chemical behavior (melting, flowing, diffusing) of the material under precise temperature control, and cooperating with the accurately controllable temperature curve to establish a stable causal relationship from the arrangement parameters to the final pattern, texture, and color configuration effect, forming a set of process rules that can be followed and taught.

[0211] In a specific firing stage, a limited, local mold can be selectively used to assist in controlling the overall modeling of the container.

[0212] Compared to traditional glass firing methods that rely on molds, the present application has significant advantages in achieving controllability, richness, and naturalness of surface pattern, texture, and color configuration effect through the combination of raw material standardization, arrangement process regularization, and firing process parameterization, and can achieve visual effects that traditional molds cannot achieve.

[0213] At the same time, the surface tension of the glass is utilized to obtain a natural fire polished surface without or with minimal post-processing, significantly improving production efficiency and reducing costs, providing a new technical path for standardized and efficient creation of glass containers with unique and controllable aesthetic characteristics, especially facilitating process inheritance and promotion.

[0214] The method of the present application is not limited to the above examples, and the set of arrangement rules can be continuously expanded and improved as needed to correspond to a wider range of patterns, textures, and color configuration effects. By systematically selecting and applying these rules and matching the corresponding temperature curve and limited mold, the design of the glass container can be realized. The systematization, modularization, and standardization of production have comprehensive advantages in the precise control of surface effects, richness, naturalness, and production efficiency, which embodies a significant improvement and upgrade to the existing glass firing technology.

[0215] Example 2

[0216] On the basis of Example 1, the color of the stripe pattern and the type of the standard unit are changed, and the remaining steps are the same as or similar to those in Example 1.

[0217] As shown in Figures 13-16 In this embodiment, the target effect is a blue-white-red alternating stripe pattern, and a sheet-shaped standard unit is used for arrangement.

[0218] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the present application in any way. Any person skilled in the art can make any form of equivalent replacement, modification, or change to the technical solutions and technical contents disclosed by the present application without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present application, which still falls within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for texture and color firing of a colored glass container based on accurate arrangement and controllable temperature, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1, preparing and selecting standardized units: Homogenize the original glaze, and then process the homogenized glaze into standardized units with preset standard shape specifications and standard colors; Step 2, according to the pre-designed target pattern, texture and color configuration effect of the glaze container, a set of predefined arrangement rules is applied to arrange the standardized units selected in step 1 on the kiln supporting plate; The arrangement rule set includes color boundary control rules, surface texture control rules, pattern composition rules and top layer effect control rules; Step 3, place the glaze assembly with precise arrangement into the kiln, and melt and fire according to the preset multi-stage melting temperature curve corresponding to the applied arrangement rule.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The shape of the standardized unit prepared in step 1 includes one or more of the following: sheet, rod, coarse particle cube, fine particle cube and powder; The color of each standardized unit includes one or more of the following: colorless transparent, blue, green, yellow, purple and red.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The color boundary control rule in step 2 includes: Rule CB1: adjacent different color standardized units are physically juxtaposed with a gap; Rule CB2: a set gap is maintained between adjacent different color standardized units, and a specific type and color of standardized unit can be selectively filled in the gap; the specific type is fine particles or powder; Rule CB3: at least two colors of granular or powdered standardized units are used.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, The surface texture control rule in step 2 includes: Rule TX1: using sheet-shaped standardized units to form the surface layer, and instructing the use of deep fusion parameters in the melting stage; Rule TX2: uniformly spreading fine particle standardized units on the specified layer according to the set spreading density; Rule TX3: arranging coarse particle standardized units on the specified layer according to the set pattern or density.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The melting temperature curve in step 3 includes a melting stage temperature curve, and the parameters of the melting stage temperature curve include: Target melting temperature and melting holding time; When the arrangement rule set contains rule CB1 or rule TX3, the target melting temperature is 720-760℃, and the melting holding time is ≤30 minutes; When the arrangement rule set contains rule CB2 or rule TX1, the target melting temperature is 790-830℃, and the melting holding time is ≥30 minutes.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The pattern composition rule in step 2 includes: Rule PT1: using rod-shaped standardized units or cut sheet-shaped standardized units, specifying their color sequence code, arrangement direction and gap width code, and forming stripes by linear repetition of the units; Rule PT2: using sheet-shaped standardized units cut into specific geometric shapes, specifying their size, color combination and splicing method, and forming patterns by two-dimensional array or random combination of the units; the specific geometric shape is square or triangle.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, After step 3, step 4, auxiliary hot bending molding firing is further included.

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