Biological waste stable treatment method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses a biological waste stable treatment method and device, and relates to the technical field of fertilizer production equipment, in particular to improvement of a composting, fermenting and drying device for biological waste stable treatment. The roller body is of a hollow cylindrical structure, the front half section of the roller body is provided with a pelletizing area, the front section of the roller body is provided with a guide plate, and the guide plate is used for receiving the feeding hopper and fed materials and guiding the materials into the pelletizing area for mixing and pelletizing; a plurality of turning plates are evenly arranged on the inner wall of the rear half section of the roller body, the turning plates are arc-shaped blade knots and used for turning and scattering materials, increasing the contact area between the materials and hot air flow and improving the drying speed, and the front supporting device and the rear supporting device are supported on the front side and the rear side of the roller body respectively. The equipment has the beneficial effects that the hot air pipe and the strain spraying pipe are arranged, so that the fermentation and drying processes of the biological fertilizer can be completed in the same equipment, the utilization rate of the equipment is high, and the input cost is also reduced. The overturning and shoveling plate is arranged on the inner wall of the tank body, and the fertilizer is driven to rotate through the arc-shaped bent part of the overturning and shoveling plate when the tank body rotates, so that the fertilizer can be fully fermented and dried, and the working efficiency of the equipment is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fertilizer production equipment, in particular to an improved composting, fermentation and drying device for stable treatment of biological waste. BACKGROUND

[0002] Animal manure and plant straw are good organic fertilizers after fermentation, which are commonly used for planting crops and flowers. Some livestock manure can be processed into fish feed after fermentation, which is not only green and environmentally friendly, but also realizes waste utilization. With the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure and the change of residents' dietary structure, the breeding industry in various parts of China is developing rapidly, which has generated a large amount of animal manure. The current animal manure treatment technology mainly includes drying method, chemical method and other methods. However, these methods have the problems of not being able to completely kill some stubborn harmful bacteria, pests and weed seeds, easy to cause secondary pollution, large energy consumption, emission of a large amount of odor during treatment, long treatment time, serious loss of fertilizer and other problems.

[0003] In the production process of biological fertilizer, fermentation and drying processes are needed. The existing production device usually separates fermentation and drying for processing. Fermentation needs to use a thermostat or a fermentation tank. During the fermentation process, a certain temperature and humidity need to be maintained. The material is static during fermentation, and the material is a poor conductor of heat, so the heating is uneven, the heat transfer effect is very poor, and the heat energy is lost. Water needs to be added to the fermented material to maintain humidity. If the material is fixed, the humidity is uneven, which directly leads to poor fermentation effect and poor quality of the finished fertilizer. In addition, from fermentation to drying, conveying equipment needs to be set up. Each device needs to be cleaned or washed after each link is completed, which increases the workload or the possibility of bacterial contamination. The processing efficiency is too low by setting up two devices for two processes, which not only increases investment and improves product cost, but also prolongs the processing cycle and makes the product not dry enough after processing. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a biological fertilizer fermentation and drying all-in-one machine to solve the above-mentioned problems. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims at the defects and deficiencies of the prior art, and provides a biological waste stable treatment method and device. The device can integrate fermentation and drying functions, which can effectively solve the problems of high cost and low efficiency of traditional fertilizer production equipment.

[0005] The application discloses a biological waste stable treatment device, which comprises a roller cylinder 1, a power transmission device 2, a front supporting device 3, a rear supporting device 4, a head 5, a tail 6, a hot blast furnace 7 and a spraying tower 8. The roller cylinder 1 is in a hollow cylindrical structure, a material making and ball forming area is arranged in the front half section of the cylinder, a guide plate 11 is arranged in the front section, and a feeding hopper 52 is arranged for receiving materials, the materials are introduced into the material making and ball forming area for mixing and granulating into balls; a plurality of turning plates 12 are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the rear half section of the roller cylinder 1, the turning plates 12 are in the form of arc-shaped blades, and are arranged in the axial direction at an inclination angle of 15-30 degrees, so as to lift and drop the materials, increase the contact area of the materials and hot air flow, and improve the drying speed; the front supporting device 3 and the rear supporting device 4 are respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of the roller cylinder 1.

[0006] The power transmission device 2 comprises a motor 21, a speed reducer 22 and a transmission frame 23, the motor 21 is connected with the transmission frame 23 through the speed reducer 22, the transmission frame 23 is engaged with a gear ring 24, and the gear ring 24 is arranged on the outer ring of the roller cylinder 1 and used for driving the cylinder to rotate.

[0007] The front supporting device 3 comprises a front supporting ring 31, a front supporting wheel 32 and a front supporting wheel frame 33, the front side of the roller cylinder 1 is supported on the ground through the front supporting ring 31, the front supporting wheel 32 and the front supporting wheel frame 33; the rear supporting device 4 comprises a rear supporting wheel 41, a rear supporting wheel 42 and a rear supporting wheel frame 43, and the rear side of the roller cylinder 1 is supported on the ground through the rear supporting wheel 41, the rear supporting wheel 42 and the rear supporting wheel frame 43.

[0008] The front supporting device 3 is higher than the rear supporting device 4, so that the front end of the roller cylinder 1 is higher than the rear end, the roller cylinder 1 is slightly inclined (3-5 degrees) to the horizontal line, and is driven to rotate by the motor, so that the materials entering the front end of the cylinder from the feeding hopper 52 are discharged from the rear end outlet 62.

[0009] The head 5 and the tail 6 are used for ensuring that the heat in the roller is not easily lost, improving the heat efficiency, the head 5 is provided with the feeding hopper 52 and is in a taper structure with a large top and a small bottom, a top cover 54 is arranged at the top of the head 5 and used for sealing the feeding space and preventing miscellaneous gas from entering and affecting the growth environment of the fermentation bacteria.

[0010] The head 5 is provided with a wind pipe interface 51 and a draught fan 81 and is connected with the deodorization spraying tower 8, the spraying tower 8 is internally provided with an acidic water mist spraying system, used for adsorbing odor gas and killing part of harmful bacteria, and realizing the standard discharge of waste gas.

[0011] A bacterial spore spraying pipe 53 is arranged at the rear end of the head 5, a spraying head is in an atomizing spraying head structure, the bacterial spore spraying pipe 53 is connected with a bacterial spore storage tank through a micro-pressure pump, and the micro-pressure pump can quantitatively spray the microbial agent while feeding.

[0012] The outer side of the sealing tail 6 is provided with a hot air furnace 7, which is a boiling combustion furnace, and a dust falling chamber 71 is arranged at the front end, and a hot air pipe 63 is connected to an air inlet 61, so that the hot air enters the inside of the drum after dust falling.

[0013] The treatment method of the application is specifically:

[0014] 1. Raw material preparation: collect livestock and poultry manure, sewage sludge, kitchen waste, food factory offal and other high-moisture and high-viscosity biological waste;

[0015] 2. Mixing of auxiliary materials: add sawdust, straw, rice husk, dried organic waste and other auxiliary materials to adjust the moisture content;

[0016] 3. Moisture and bacteria adjustment: adjust the water content to about 50%, and add microbial fermentation bacteria in proportion;

[0017] 4. Feeding: feed the material into the feeding hopper;

[0018] 5. Bacteria spraying and heat supply: bacteria spraying and hot air heating are carried out simultaneously during feeding;

[0019] 6. Cylinder rotation: the cylinder rotates at a constant speed, and the material is granulated into balls in the front half of the cylinder, and is lifted and dropped from the drying area in the rear half;

[0020] 7. Air induction and fermentation: complete the processes of temperature rise, fermentation and dehydration under negative pressure airflow;

[0021] 8. Discharge: the granulated particles are discharged from the discharge port and then enter the aerobic fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation;

[0022] 9. Fermentation completion: the temperature rises to 70℃ within about 20 days and then naturally cools down, and the moisture content decreases to 30%.

[0023] Specifically, sewage sludge, livestock and poultry manure, food factory offal and organic waste are used as base materials, and the initial moisture content of such materials is usually as high as about 80%, which is not suitable for direct fermentation treatment. In order to adjust the moisture content of the material, a suitable amount of auxiliary materials, including but not limited to sawdust, straw powder, dried organic waste, rice husk, wheat bran and the like, are added to the base material, and then mixed. Then, 1 kg of microbial fermentation bacteria is inoculated per 10 tons of mixed material. After sufficient stirring and moisture adjustment, the moisture content of the mixture is controlled at about 50%, and then the mixture can be sent into the drum through the feeding hopper for continuous treatment.

[0024] The drum device, the front half of the cylinder is provided with a granulation and balling area, under the driving of the power device, the material is mixed and turned over, the hot air of the hot air furnace and the bacterial liquid of the bacterial spraying system are matched, so that the material forms a spherical pellet with a diameter of about 2-6mm. A turnover plate is arranged in the rear half of the cylinder to lift and drop the spherical material in the cylinder. The induced draft device forms a negative pressure hot air flow in the cylinder to promote the hot air to penetrate the entire material layer, uniformly heat, activate the bacterial, dry and dehydrate, and discharge from the discharge port, and then stack and store through the conveying belt. There are a large number of gaps between the stacked spherical materials, and air can fully contact all the spherical materials, so that the material continuously ferments and heats up to about 70℃ within 48 hours, and the heat continuously evaporates the moisture of the material and discharges from the gaps between the spherical materials.

[0025] After about 20 days of fermentation, the temperature of the stacked material naturally decreases to room temperature, the moisture content decreases to about 30%, and a stable, harmless and odorless bio-organic fertilizer product is formed.

[0026] The present application improves the problems of large equipment investment, small processing capacity, high operating cost and poor fermentation effect of the existing production process and device for treating high-moisture and high-viscosity biological waste. A drum device integrating fermentation, activation, granulation, balling, drying and dehydration is creatively designed. The high-moisture and high-viscosity biological waste polluting the environment is processed into bio-organic fertilizer rich in organic matter and various nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, turning waste into treasure.

[0027] After adopting the above technical scheme, the present application has the following beneficial effects: adopting an aerobic fermentation process to treat high-moisture and high-viscosity biological waste. A drum device integrating fermentation, activation, granulation, balling, drying and dehydration is creatively designed to process the material into spherical pellets with a diameter of about 2-6mm. There are a large number of gaps between the stacked spherical materials, and air can fully contact all the spherical materials. The problems of air permeability and oxygen source required for aerobic fermentation are solved. Aerobic fermentation produces a continuous high temperature of about 70℃, and a large amount of heat continuously evaporates the moisture of the material and discharges from the gaps between the spherical materials. Finally, a stable, harmless and odorless bio-organic fertilizer product is formed. The production process has small equipment investment, large output, low operating cost and good fermentation effect, and completely solves the problem of treating high-moisture and high-viscosity biological waste. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the accompanying drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description only show some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor.

[0029] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present application;

[0030] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the present application;

[0031] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the present application; Figure 1 is a view of A-A of

[0032] Figure 4 is a top view of the present application;

[0033] Figure 5 is a flow chart of the processing method in the present application.

[0034] Legend of the drawings: drum cylinder 1, power transmission device 2, front support device 3, rear support device 4, head 5, tail 6, hot blast stove 7, spray tower 8, guide plate 11, feed hopper 52, turning board 12, motor 21, speed reducer 22, transmission frame 23, gear ring 24, front supporting ring 31, front supporting wheel 32, front supporting wheel frame 33, rear supporting wheel 41, rear supporting wheel 42, rear supporting wheel frame 43, rear end outlet 62, top cover 54, air pipe interface 51, air blower 81, strain spraying pipe 53, dust falling chamber 71, hot blast pipe 63, air inlet 61. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Referring to Figures 1-4As shown, the device used in the embodiment includes a drum cylinder 1, a power transmission device 2, a front support device 3, a rear support device 4, a head 5, a tail 6, a hot air furnace 7, a spray tower 8; the drum cylinder 1 is a hollow cylindrical structure, the front half of the cylinder is provided with a material making and ball forming area, the front section is provided with a flow guide plate 11 for receiving the feed hopper 52, the incoming material is mixed and granulated into balls in the material making and ball forming area; the rear half of the drum cylinder 1, the inner wall of which is uniformly provided with a plurality of turning plates 12, the turning plates 12 are arc-shaped blade structures, arranged along the axial direction at an inclination angle of 15°-30°, for lifting and dropping the material, increasing the contact area of the material and hot gas flow, and improving the drying speed, the front support device 3 and the rear support device 4 are respectively supported on the front and rear sides of the drum cylinder 1. The power transmission device 2 includes a motor 21, a speed reducer 22, and a transmission frame 23, the motor 21 is connected to the transmission frame 23 through the speed reducer 22; the transmission frame 23 is engaged with a gear ring 24, which is arranged on the outer ring of the drum cylinder 1, for driving the cylinder to rotate. The front support device 3 includes a front support ring 31, a front support wheel 32, and a front support wheel frame 33, the front side of the drum cylinder 1 is supported on the ground through the front support ring 31, the front support wheel 32, and the front support wheel frame 33; the rear support device 4 includes a rear support wheel 41, a rear support wheel 42, and a rear support wheel frame 43; the rear side of the drum cylinder 1 is supported on the ground through the rear support wheel 41, the rear support wheel 42, and the rear support wheel frame 43. The front support device 3 is higher than the rear support device 4, so that the front end of the drum cylinder 1 is higher than the rear end, the drum cylinder 1 is slightly inclined (3°-5°) to the horizontal line, and is driven to rotate by the motor, so that the material entering the front end of the cylinder from the feed hopper 52 is discharged from the rear end outlet 62. The head 5 and the tail 6 are used to ensure that the heat inside the drum does not easily dissipate, improving the thermal efficiency, the head 5 is provided with a feed hopper 52 and is a conical structure with a large top and a small bottom, the top is provided with a top cover 54 for closing the feeding space and preventing foreign gas from entering to affect the growth environment of the fermentation bacteria. The head 5 is provided with a wind pipe interface 51 connected with an air inducing fan 81 and a deodorizing spray tower 8; the spray tower 8 is provided with an acidic water mist spraying system inside for adsorbing odor gas and killing part of harmful bacteria to realize the standard emission of waste gas. The rear end of the head 5 is provided with a bacterial spaying pipe 53, the nozzle is a atomizing nozzle structure, connected with a bacterial storage tank through a micro pressure pump, and can spray microbial agents quantitatively while feeding. The outside of the tail 6 is provided with a hot air furnace 7, the hot air furnace 7 is a boiling combustion furnace, the front section is provided with a dust falling chamber 71, the hot air is connected with the air inlet 61 through the hot air pipe 63, so that the hot air enters the inside of the drum after dust falling.

[0036] Referring to Figure 4 The treatment method of the embodiment is as follows:

[0037] 1. Raw material preparation: collect high-moisture and high-viscosity biological waste such as livestock and poultry manure, domestic sludge, kitchen waste, food factory offal, etc.

[0038] 2. Additives mixing: sawdust, straw, rice husk, dried organic waste and other auxiliary materials are added to adjust the moisture content;

[0039] 3. Adjusting moisture and bacteria: adjust the moisture content to about 50%, and add microbial fermentation bacteria in proportion;

[0040] 4. Feeding: feed the material into the hopper;

[0041] 5. Spray bacteria + heat supply: spray bacteria and hot air heating are carried out simultaneously during feeding;

[0042] 6. Cylinder rotation: the cylinder rotates at a uniform speed, the material is granulated into balls in the first half of the cylinder, and is lifted and scattered from the drying area in the second half;

[0043] 7. Air induction + fermentation: complete the processes of temperature rise, fermentation and dehydration under negative pressure airflow;

[0044] 8. Discharge: the granulated particles are discharged from the discharge port and enter the aerobic fermentation tank;

[0045] 9. Fermentation completion: the temperature rises to 70°C in about 20 days, and then naturally cools down, with the moisture content reduced to about 30%.

[0046] Specifically, domestic sludge, livestock and poultry manure, food factory waste and other organic waste are used as base materials. The initial moisture content of such materials is usually as high as about 80%, which is not suitable for direct fermentation treatment. To adjust the moisture content of the material, a suitable amount of auxiliary materials, including but not limited to sawdust, straw powder, dried organic waste, rice husk, wheat bran, etc., are added to the base material and mixed. Then, the mixed material is inoculated with 1 kg of microbial fermentation bacteria per 10 tons of mixed material. After sufficient stirring and moisture adjustment, the moisture content of the mixture is controlled at about 50%, and the mixture can be sent into the drum through the feeding hopper for continuous treatment.

[0047] The drum device has a granulation and balling zone in the first half of the cylinder. Under the drive of the power device, the material is mixed and turned over. The hot air from the hot air furnace and the bacterial liquid from the bacterial spraying system are used to make the material form spherical particles with a diameter of about 2-6 mm. In the second half of the cylinder, there are lifting and scattering plates to lift and scatter the spherical material in the cylinder. The air induction device forms a negative pressure hot airflow inside the cylinder, which promotes the hot air to penetrate the entire material layer, uniformly heats up, activates the bacteria, dries and dehydrates, and is discharged from the discharge port and stored by the conveyor belt. There are many gaps between the stacked spherical materials, and air can fully contact all the spherical materials, so that the material continues to ferment and the temperature rises to about 70°C within 48 hours. The heat causes the moisture of the material to continuously evaporate and be discharged from the gaps between the spherical materials.

[0048] After about 20 days of fermentation, the temperature of the stacked material naturally decreases to room temperature, the moisture content decreases to about 30%, and a stable, harmless and odorless bio-organic fertilizer product is formed.

[0049] The specific embodiment is provided with a hot air pipe and a strain spraying pipe, so that the fermentation and drying process of the bio-fertilizer can be completed in the same equipment, the utilization rate of the equipment is high, and the input cost is also reduced. The turnover plate arranged on the inner wall of the tank body can bring the fertilizer to rotate through the arc-shaped curved part of the turnover plate when the tank body rotates, so that the fermentation and drying of the fertilizer can be fully realized, and the working efficiency of the equipment is improved.

[0050] The above description is only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not limit the present application. Other modifications or equivalent replacements to the technical solutions of the present application made by those skilled in the art should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present application, as long as they do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A biological waste stabilization treatment device, characterized by: It comprises a drum body (1), a power transmission device (2), a front support device (3), a rear support device (4), a head seal (5), a tail seal (6), a hot air furnace (7), and a spray tower (8); the drum body (1) is a hollow cylindrical structure, the front half of the drum body is provided with a material pelletizing area, the front half is provided with a guide plate (11), which is used to receive a feed hopper (52) and guide the material fed into the material pelletizing area for mixing and pelletizing; the rear half of the drum body (1) is provided with a plurality of flipping plates (12) evenly arranged on its inner wall, the flipping plates (12) are formed into arc-shaped blades and arranged along the axial direction at an inclination angle of 15°-30°, and are used to pick up and scatter the material, thereby increasing the contact area between the material and the hot air flow and improving the drying speed; the front support device (3) and the rear support device (4) are supported on the front and rear sides of the drum body (1) respectively.

2. The biological waste stabilization treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power transmission device (2) comprises a motor (21), a reducer (22), and a transmission frame (23). The motor (21) is connected to the transmission frame (23) via the reducer (22); the transmission frame (23) is engaged with a gear ring (24), and the gear ring (24) is arranged on the outer ring of the drum body (1) and is used to drive the drum body to rotate.

3. The biological waste stabilization treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front supporting device (3) comprises a front supporting ring (31), a front supporting wheel (32), and a front supporting wheel frame (33); the front side of the drum body (1) is supported on the ground by the front supporting ring (31), the front supporting wheel (32), and the front supporting wheel frame (33); the rear supporting device (4) comprises a rear supporting wheel (41), a rear supporting wheel (42), and a rear puller frame (43); the rear side of the drum body (1) is supported on the ground by the rear supporting wheel (41), the rear supporting wheel (42), and the rear puller frame (43).

4. The biological waste stabilization treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front supporting device (3) is higher than the rear supporting device (4), so that the front end of the drum body (1) is higher than the rear end. The drum body (1) is slightly angled at 3°-5° with the horizontal line and is driven to rotate by a motor so that the material entering the front end of the drum body from the feed hopper (52) is discharged from the rear end outlet (62).

5. The biological waste stabilization treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The head seal (5) and the tail seal (6) are used to ensure that the heat inside the drum will not be easily dissipated, thereby improving thermal efficiency. The head seal (5) is provided with a feed hopper (52) and has a conical structure with a larger upper portion and a smaller lower portion. A top cover (54) is provided on the top to seal the feed space and prevent foreign air from entering and affecting the growth environment of the fermentation bacteria.

6. The biological waste stabilization treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing head (5) is provided with an air duct interface (51) connected to the induced draft fan (81), and the air duct interface (51) is connected to the deodorizing spray tower (8); an acidic water mist spray system is provided inside the spray tower (8) for absorbing odorous gases and killing some harmful bacteria, thereby achieving emission standards for waste gas.

7. The biological waste stabilization treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear end of the sealing head (5) is provided with a bacterial strain spraying pipe (53), the nozzle of which is an atomizing nozzle structure and is connected to the bacterial strain liquid storage tank via a micro-pressure pump, and can quantitatively spray the microbial agent while feeding.

8. The biological waste stabilization treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hot air furnace (7) is provided on the outside of the tail seal (6). The hot air furnace (7) is a boiling combustion furnace. A dust reduction chamber (71) is provided at the front section. The hot air pipe (63) is connected to the air inlet (61), so that the hot air enters the interior of the drum after the dust is reduced.

9. A method for stabilizing the treatment of biological waste, characterized in that The processing method is:

1. Raw material preparation: Collect high-humidity and high-viscosity biological waste such as livestock and poultry manure, domestic sludge, restaurant kitchen waste, and food factory scraps; 2. Auxiliary material mixing: add sawdust, straw, rice husk, dry organic waste and other auxiliary materials to adjust the moisture content; 3. Adjust moisture and bacteria: adjust the water content to about 50% and add microbial fermentation bacteria in proportion; 4. Feeding: feeding materials into the feed hopper; 5. Bacteria spraying + heating: Bacteria spraying and hot air heating are carried out simultaneously during the feeding process; 6. Cylinder rotation: The cylinder rotates at a constant speed, and the material is granulated into balls in the front half of the cylinder, and is picked up and scattered from the drying area in the second half; 7. Induced air + fermentation: complete the heating, fermentation and dehydration processes under negative pressure airflow; 8. Discharge: The pelletized particles are discharged through the discharge port and then enter the aeration tank for aerobic fermentation; 9. Fermentation is complete: The temperature rises to 70°C within about 20 days and then cools down naturally, with the moisture content dropping to 30%.

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