A downhole water distributor for oil production

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of water distributors, in particular to a downhole water distributor for oil exploitation, which comprises a main pipeline, upper and lower joints fixedly connected to the two ends of the main pipeline, an opening valve slidably connected to the main pipeline, a reset spring arranged between the opening valve and the upper joint, the opening valve in contact with the lower joint, a water distribution core arranged on the main pipeline, a water nozzle arranged on the water distribution core, an adjusting pipe screw-connected to the inside of the main pipeline, and an adjusting groove arranged on the adjusting pipe. The water nozzle is slidably connected with a sliding block one, and valve plates are arranged on the two sides of the water nozzle. The sliding block one can slide along with the change of pressure, drives the two valve plates to move, and the movement of the valve plates can control the opening size of the water nozzle. When the size of the water nozzle of a layer is actively adjusted, the sizes of the water nozzles of other layers can be automatically adjusted according to the change of water flow pressure. Therefore, the design avoids the need of respectively testing and adjusting the water nozzles of other layers when the water nozzle of a layer is adjusted, and improves the work efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water distributor technology, specifically to a downhole water distributor for oil extraction. Background Technology

[0002] In oil and gas extraction, the downhole water distributor is the core equipment of the stratified water injection process. It is mainly used to inject water into the oil reservoir to improve the oil recovery rate. It controls the flow rate through built-in water nozzles, valves and other components, and accurately distributes the injected water to different oil layers. It is often used in conjunction with packers to prevent cross-flow between layers.

[0003] Water distributors are often used in multi-layer combined injection scenarios in oil reservoirs, where each layer is connected through the same injection system. Before installation, the nozzle size of the water distributor for each layer is adjusted to ensure that the injection volume of each layer meets the standard. After long-term water injection, the injection volume corresponding to the original nozzle may deviate from the design value due to various situations such as formation pore blockage or formation pressure rise. Therefore, it is necessary to use a retrieval tool to remove the nozzle and replace it with a nozzle of the appropriate size to rematch the formation requirements and ensure water injection efficiency. However, when the nozzle of a water distributor in a certain layer is replaced, the nozzle size changes, which will change the flow resistance of that layer, causing the system pressure to redistribute. This will lead to changes in the nozzle pressure of other layers, so it is necessary to test, adjust, and replace the nozzles of other layers, ultimately increasing the workload.

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, existing technologies offer several solutions. For example, patent application number CN202311281109.2 provides an integrated measurement and adjustment concentric water distribution regulator, comprising a connecting housing, a water nozzle fixing seat fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner side of the connecting housing, a fixed water nozzle fixedly connected between the water nozzle fixing seat and the connecting housing, a water injection hole provided in the connecting housing, a threaded annular seat fixedly connected to the middle of the inner side of the connecting housing, a water nozzle adjusting sleeve threadedly connected to the threaded annular seat, and a fixing sleeve fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting housing, the water nozzle adjusting sleeve being slidably engaged with the fixed water nozzle. The movable water nozzles allow operators to control the number of rotations of the adjusting head based on the values ​​fed back by the measuring instrument, adjusting the positional relationship between the fixed and movable water nozzles, and thus adjusting the opening size of the through hole of the fixed water nozzle. This allows for precise adjustment of the water injection volume, enabling testing and adjustment to be completed in a single well run, avoiding the need for operators to repeatedly change water nozzles. While this design facilitates the adjustment of water nozzle size, when adjusting one layer of water nozzles and then adjusting another layer, the pressure and flow rate at the previously adjusted water nozzles will change due to the change in the size of the water nozzle being adjusted. This necessitates repeated testing and adjustment by operators, resulting in low work efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a downhole water distributor for oil extraction, so as to solve the problem that when the water nozzle of a certain layer is adjusted, the water nozzles of other layers need to be adjusted, which leads to an increase in workload.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A downhole water distributor for oil extraction includes a main pipeline with an upper connector and a lower connector fixedly connected to both ends. An opening valve is slidably connected to the main pipeline, and a return spring is installed between the opening valve and the upper connector. The opening valve contacts the lower connector. A water distribution core is installed on the main pipeline, and a water nozzle is provided on the water distribution core. An adjusting pipe is threadedly connected inside the main pipeline, and an adjusting groove is provided on the adjusting pipe. A slider is slidably connected to the water nozzle. Slide tracks are provided on both sides of the water distribution core. The two sides of the slider are fitted against the inner walls of the two sides of the water nozzle. A guide plate is fixedly connected to the other end of the slider, and the guide plate is fitted against the inner wall of the water nozzle. A valve plate is slidably connected within the slide track. A connecting rod is hinged to the bottom of the valve plate, and the connecting rods on both sides of the valve plate are hinged to the slider. A spring is provided between the slider and the inner wall of the main pipeline. A locking device is provided on the water distribution core to restrict the movement of the valve plate after adjustment.

[0008] As is easily understood, adjusting the water nozzle of a certain layer's water distributor changes the flow resistance of that layer, causing a redistribution of system pressure. However, adjustments must ensure that the water injection volume of all layers meets the standard. Adjusting the affected layer may then in turn interfere with the original adjusted layer, creating a cycle of adjustment causing interference to other layers, leading to repeated adjustments and increased workload. Therefore, this design uses a sliding block connected to the water nozzle, with valve plates on both sides of the nozzle. These valve plates are connected to the sliding block via connecting rods. When the water distributor is in operation, the water pressure acts on the sliding block, causing it to slide. The sliding block then adjusts the opening and closing of the valve plates according to the pressure via the connecting rod. When the water nozzle of a certain layer needs adjustment, the operator inserts an adjusting rod into the water distributor to adjust the pressure. One end of the rod connects to the adjustment groove on the adjustment pipe. By rotating the adjustment rod, the adjustment pipe can be rotated, thus adjusting the size of the water nozzle. Since the water distributors of each layer are connected through the same water injection system, adjusting the size of the water nozzle in one layer will change the pressure at the water nozzles of other layers. For example, when actively adjusting to close the water nozzle in one layer, the pressure at the water nozzles in other layers increases, resulting in an increase in the water injection volume in other layers. At this time, the slider will follow the pressure change and start to slide, causing the valve plates on both sides to close, thereby reducing the water injection volume to ensure that the water injection volume in other layers does not change. Conversely, when actively adjusting to open the water nozzle in one layer, the opposite occurs. Therefore, this design avoids the need to test and adjust the water nozzles of other layers separately when adjusting the water nozzles of one layer's water distributor, thus improving work efficiency.

[0009] Preferably, the locking device includes a second slider, and both the water distribution core and the main pipe are provided with connecting channels. The connecting channels connect the inside and outside of the main pipe. The second slider is slidably connected in the connecting channels. The second slider is provided with a pressure groove. The water nozzle is provided with slides on both sides. The slides connect slides to the connecting channels. The second slider is provided with connecting grooves on both sides. The connecting grooves on both sides connect slides to pressure grooves on both sides respectively. A second spring is provided between the second slider and the water distribution core.

[0010] It's easy to understand that, besides the pressure changes in the main pipeline caused by actively adjusting the size of the water nozzle, various situations such as formation pore blockage or formation pressure rise can lead to unstable pressure at the water nozzle. If the slider at the water nozzle adjusts the valve plate opening and closing according to any pressure change, it will result in frequent valve plate opening and closing, affecting the water flow at the water nozzle of the distributor. Moreover, it cannot be adjusted for only one situation and will also affect the adjustment accuracy of slider one. Therefore, this design opens connecting channels on both the water core and the main pipeline, and sets slider two in the connecting channels. When the operator needs to adjust the water nozzle of a certain layer, the flow rate in the pipeline needs to be reduced first to facilitate operation. At this time, the pressure inside the pipeline decreases, spring two pushes slider two to slide, and the connecting groove one on both sides of slider two moves to the slide rail two on both sides of the water nozzle. At this time, the connecting groove one connects slide rail two with pressure groove one, and the valve... The slide rail where the valve plate is located is connected to the main pipeline. At this time, the slider can only move the valve plate when it senses the pressure change. After the staff completes the adjustment, the pipeline resumes water injection. At this time, the pressure inside the main pipeline increases, and the pressure acts on the slider, causing the slider to move. At this time, the connecting grooves on both sides of the slider are away from the slide rails on both sides of the water nozzle. The slide rail where the valve plate is located is closed, and the inside of the slide rail is in a negative pressure state, so the valve plate cannot move. At this time, even if the pressure inside the main pipeline changes, as long as the water injection is not reduced or stopped, the pressure inside the main pipeline will prevent the slider from moving, and thus prevent the valve plate from moving. Therefore, this design allows the slider to adjust the opening and closing of the valve plate only in the case of pressure change caused by actively adjusting the size of the water nozzle. This not only avoids the valve plate from frequently opening and closing during the water injection process, affecting the water flow at the water nozzle of the water distributor, but also improves the adjustment accuracy of the water distributor.

[0011] Preferably, the second surface of the slider and the inner wall of the connecting channel are provided with a metal plating layer.

[0012] As is easily understood, when the size of a water tap on a certain layer is actively adjusted, the internal pressure of the main pipe decreases. At this time, slider two is pushed by spring two, and the connecting groove one on both sides of slider two moves to the slide rail two on both sides of the water tap and connects with the slide rail two. At this time, slider one can start to move according to the pressure change. However, at this time, the internal pressure of the main pipe will fluctuate, and the adjustment accuracy of the movement of the valve plates on both sides of slider one is poor. This design uses a metal coating on the surface of slider two and the inner wall of the connecting channel. The metal coating is processed to create friction texture on the contact surface, which can not only improve the surface hardness and increase the wear resistance of slider two, but also increase the friction damping through texture interlocking. Moreover, the texture is not easy to fail due to sliding wear. Therefore, during the movement of the two sliders two, the two metal coatings will interact. Mutual friction dampens the movement of slider two. When the size of the water tap on a certain layer is actively adjusted, the pressure inside the main pipe decreases. At this time, slider two is pushed by spring two. After the adjustment is completed, water is injected into the main pipe again, and the pressure inside the main pipe increases. At this time, slider two moves under pressure, but due to the damping, slider two moves slowly. At this time, the pressure inside the main pipe is stable, but the connecting grooves on both sides of slider two are still connected to slide rail two. Therefore, even after being subjected to the pressure of the main pipe during water injection, slider one can still continue to adjust the valve. Thus, this design, by slowing down the movement of slider two, allows slider one to accurately sense the stable water flow pressure inside the main pipe, thereby adjusting the valve plates on both sides and improving the adjustment accuracy of the water distributor.

[0013] Preferably, each of the two sides of the slide rail is elastically slidably connected to a slider three, the surface of the slider three is in contact with the slide rail one, the water distribution core and the two sides of the main pipe are provided with a connecting groove two, the connecting groove two connects the slide rail one to the outside of the main pipe, and the valve plate is provided with a force-bearing surface one and a force-bearing surface two at both ends, the force-bearing surface one is located inside the water nozzle, the force-bearing surface two is located inside the slide rail one, and the force-bearing surface one and the force-bearing surface two have the same area.

[0014] As is easily understood, after adjustment, due to the sliding damping effect of slider two, slides one and two remain connected to the inner wall of the main pipe. At this time, the water pressure acts on slider one, causing the valve plate to move when slider one moves. However, the high-pressure water flow inside the main pipe also enters slides one and two through the connecting groove one on slider two. At this time, the water pressure pushes the valve plate, thus interfering with the movement of the valve plate and reducing the adjustment accuracy of the valve plate. This design uses slider three, which is elastically connected to both sides of slide one. When water flows into slide two, the water pressure acts on slider three inside slide one. At this time, due to the elastic sliding connection of slider three, the slider... The slider three moves slowly towards the connecting groove two on slide one. At this time, when pressure is applied to slider one, slider one will drive the valve plate to move. However, because slider three blocks the valve plate, the end located in slide one will not be subjected to the pressure of the water flow inside the main pipe. When the valve plate completes the adjustment, slider three moves to the connecting groove two. At this time, the connecting groove two is blocked, and the valve plate cannot move. Slider one completes the adjustment of the valve opening and closing. When active adjustment is required again, the water flow pressure inside the main pipe decreases, and slider three is reset by elastic force. This design avoids the movement of the valve plate being interfered with by the water flow pressure inside the main pipe, which would reduce the adjustment accuracy of the valve plate. Therefore, the adjustment accuracy of slider one is improved.

[0015] Preferably, a sliding plate is slidably connected to the regulating pipe, the two sides of the sliding plate are in contact with the inner walls of the two sides of the water nozzle, and one end of the sliding plate is in contact with the valve plates on both sides of the water nozzle.

[0016] As is easily understood, the regulating pipe needs to fit snugly against the inner wall of the main pipe to ensure a tight seal between the regulating pipe and the water nozzle. Since the valve plate is slidably connected within the slide rail, a certain distance exists between the regulating pipe and the valve plate at the water nozzle. When water flows from inside the main pipe out of the water nozzle, it first passes through the opening between the regulating pipe and the water nozzle before flowing between the two valve plates. During this process, some water flows into the closed groove between the regulating pipe and the valve plate, causing eddies to form in the groove, thus affecting the water flow and preventing the slider from accurately sensing the water pressure. Therefore, this design uses a sliding plate slidably connected to the edge of the regulating pipe. During the rotation of the regulating pipe, the sliding plate remains in contact with the inner wall of the water nozzle, with one end of the sliding plate in contact with the valve plates on both sides of the water nozzle. The sliding plate can move up and down with the regulating pipe. The two regulating pipes and valve plates that limit the size of the water nozzle become a single, integrated channel without any grooves or protrusions. Therefore, this design ensures the smooth flow of water through the water nozzle, avoids the influence of eddies on the movement of the slider, and improves the regulating accuracy of the water distributor.

[0017] Preferably, rectangular grooves are provided on the valve plates on both sides of the water nozzle, and the slider is slidably connected in the rectangular groove, with the top of the slider in contact with the inner wall of one side of the rectangular groove and the bottom of the slider fitting against the inner wall of the water nozzle.

[0018] As is easily understood, this design features rectangular grooves on the valve plates on both sides of the water nozzle, with a slider slidably connected within these grooves. When the slider is subjected to pressure, it remains in contact with the inner wall of the rectangular groove. Only the top portion of the valve plate is located at the water nozzle, while the bottom portion is connected to the slider via a connecting rod. This design ensures that the opening for water flow at the water nozzle is enclosed in a rectangle by the bottom sliders, the valve plates on both sides, and the top sliding plate. Furthermore, changes in the slider's movement distance, the valve plate's opening and closing size, and the sliding plate's movement distance only affect the size of the water nozzle's opening, not the water flow, thus further ensuring the smoothness of the water flow through the water nozzle.

[0019] Preferably, one end of the slider is provided with a flow guiding slope, and the flow guiding slope and the top plane of the slider are chamfered.

[0020] As is easily understood, this design features a guide slope at one end of slider one. When the high-speed water flow from the main pipe passes over slider one, the water pressure pushes slider one while simultaneously flowing along the guide slope to the top of slider one. This allows the water flow to smoothly transition to the valve plate, preventing the water flow from being blocked by slider one and forming a fluid stagnation dead zone on its upper surface. This not only reduces the fluidity of the water flow but also affects the slider one's ability to sense water pressure. Furthermore, the water flow directly impacts the sliding plate vertically. Since the sliding plate is only connected on one side, the vertical impact of the water flow can easily damage it. The guide slope allows the water flow to smoothly transition to the valve plate, reducing the pressure of the water flow impacting the sliding plate and preventing the sliding plate from being directly impacted vertically by the water flow, thus improving the service life of the sliding plate.

[0021] As is easily understood, the slider has a rotating chamber inside, which connects the top of the slider to the outside of the guide slope of the slider. A rotating shaft is rotatably connected inside the rotating chamber, and a separation plate is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft. A torsion spring is provided between the rotating shaft and the separation plate. Two gears are connected to both sides of the rotating shaft, and a one-way bearing is provided between the gears and the rotating shaft. The two gears rotate in opposite directions, and a damper is provided between the gears and the rotating shaft. Two racks are provided on both sides of the water distribution core. One side of the rack faces upward and the other tooth surface faces downward. The rack on one side of the slider faces upward and the rack on the other side faces downward, and the two racks mesh with the two gears respectively.

[0022] Preferably, to ensure a seal at the water nozzle, the valve plates on both sides of the water nozzle must be in close contact with the slider. This results in friction between the slider and the valve plates when the slider moves under water pressure. This not only increases wear on both the slider and the valve plates but also applies a lateral force to the slider during movement, affecting its adjustment accuracy. This design addresses this by hinged a separator plate to the slider. When water pressure moves the slider, the gears on both sides rotate. When the slider moves outward from the main pipe, the gear on the left side drives the separator plate towards the rotating chamber via the drive shaft, while the gear on the right side idles. Conversely, when the slider moves inward from the main pipe, the gear on the right side drives the separator plate towards the rotating chamber via the drive shaft. At this point, the gear on the left side is spinning freely. Therefore, regardless of which direction the slider moves, the separating plate will rotate towards the interior of the rotating chamber. When the separating plate contacts the inner wall of the rotating chamber, it stops rotating. If the slider continues to move, the shaft will not drive the separating plate to rotate. At this point, the separating plate moves away from the valve plate, and the valve plate will not generate relative friction with the separating plate. When the slider stops moving and is locked, the separating plate inside the rotating chamber begins to slowly rotate out of the rotating chamber under the pressure of the water flow and the torque of the torsion spring, and re-engages with the valve plate. This design avoids mutual friction between the slider and the valve plate during adjustment, which would lead to wear on the slider and valve plate and a decrease in adjustment accuracy. Therefore, this design extends the service life of the slider and valve plate and improves the adjustment accuracy of the slider.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] 1. This invention uses a slider connected to the water nozzle, and valve plates are provided on both sides of the water nozzle. The slider can slide with the pressure change and drive the valve plates on both sides to move. The movement of the valve plates can control the size of the water nozzle opening. When the size of the water nozzle of a certain layer is actively adjusted, the size of the water nozzles of other layers can be automatically adjusted according to the change of water pressure. Therefore, this design avoids the problem of having to test and adjust the water nozzles of other layers separately when adjusting the water nozzle of a certain layer of water distributor, thus improving work efficiency.

[0025] 2. This invention opens connecting channels on both the water core and the main pipe, and sets a second slider in the connecting channel. This allows the first slider to adjust the opening and closing of the valve plate in response to pressure changes caused by actively adjusting the size of the water nozzle. This not only avoids excessively frequent adjustments that could affect the normal water injection of the water distributor, but also improves the adjustment accuracy of the first slider.

[0026] 3. The present invention provides a metal coating on the surface of the second slider and the inner wall of the connecting channel. During the movement of the two second sliders, the two metal coatings will rub against each other, which will dampen the movement of the second slider and slow down the movement speed of the second slider. Therefore, by slowing down the movement of the second slider, the first slider can accurately sense the pressure of the main pipeline during normal water injection, and then adjust the valve plates on both sides, thereby improving the adjustment accuracy of the first slider. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the downhole water distributor used in oil extraction according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A sectional view;

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the water distribution core of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Sectional view at CC;

[0033] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view at point D;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the slider and valve plate of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Rear structural diagram;

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of slider two of the present invention.

[0037] In the diagram: 1. Main pipe; 2. Upper connector; 3. Lower connector; 4. Opening valve; 5. Return spring; 6. Water distribution core; 7. Water nozzle; 8. Adjusting pipe; 9. Adjusting groove; 10. Slider 1; 11. Slide rail 1; 12. Valve plate; 13. Connecting rod; 14. Spring 1; 15. Slider 2; 16. Connecting channel; 17. Pressure groove 1; 18. Slide rail 2; 19. Connecting groove 1; 20. Spring 2; 21. Metal plating; 22. Slider 3; 23. Connecting groove 2; 24. Force-bearing surface 1; 25. Force-bearing surface 2; 26. Sliding plate; 27. Rectangular groove; 28. Guide slope; 29. ​​Guide plate; 30. Rotating chamber; 31. Rotating shaft; 32. Gear; 33. Rack; 34. Separation plate. Detailed Implementation

[0038] This invention provides a downhole water distributor for oil extraction, the technical solution of which is as follows:

[0039] Please see Figures 1 to 10 A downhole water distributor for oil well development includes a main pipeline 1, with an upper connector 2 and a lower connector 3 fixedly connected to both ends of the main pipeline 1. An opening valve 4 is slidably connected to the main pipeline 1, and a return spring 5 is provided between the opening valve 4 and the upper connector 2. The opening valve 4 contacts the lower connector 3. A water distribution core 6 is provided on the main pipeline 1, and a water nozzle 7 is provided on the water distribution core 6. An adjusting pipe 8 is threadedly connected inside the main pipeline 1, and an adjusting groove 9 is provided on the adjusting pipe 8. The water nozzle 7 is characterized by having a slider 10 slidably connected to it, and the water distribution core 6 has two sides... A slide rail 11 is provided. The two sides of the slider 10 are in contact with the inner walls of the two sides of the water nozzle 7. The other end of the slider 10 is fixedly connected to a guide plate 29, which is in contact with the inner wall of the water nozzle 7. A valve plate 12 is slidably connected in the slide rail 11. A connecting rod 13 is hinged to the bottom of the valve plate 12. The connecting rods 13 on both sides of the valve plate 12 are hinged to the slider 10. A spring 14 is provided between the slider 10 and the inner wall of the main pipe 1. A locking device is provided on the water distribution core 6. The locking device is used to restrict the movement of the valve plate 12 after adjustment.

[0040] For further details, please refer to Figures 1 to 10The locking device includes a second slider 15. A connecting channel 16 is provided on both the water distribution core 6 and the main pipe 1, connecting the inside and outside of the main pipe 1. The second slider 15 is slidably connected within the connecting channel 16. A pressure groove 17 is provided on the second slider 15. Slides 18 are provided on both sides of the water nozzle 7, connecting slides 11 to the connecting channel 16. Connecting grooves 19 are provided on both sides of the second slider 15, connecting slides 18 to pressure grooves 17. A spring 20 is provided between the second slider 15 and the water distribution core 6. The surface of the second slider 15 is flush with the inner wall of the connecting channel 16. A metal plating layer 21 is provided, which is a hard chrome plating layer with high strength and strong rust resistance. The hard chrome plating layer is processed with a grid-shaped friction texture. Slider three 22 is elastically slidably connected to both sides of slide rail 11. The surface of slider three 22 is in contact with slide rail 11. The water distribution core 6 and the main pipe 1 are provided with connecting groove two 23 on both sides. The connecting groove two 23 connects slide rail 11 to the outside of the main pipe 1. The valve plate 12 is provided with force-bearing surface one 24 and force-bearing surface two 25 at both ends. Force-bearing surface one 24 is located inside the water nozzle 7, and force-bearing surface two 25 is located inside slide rail 11. Force-bearing surface one 24 and force-bearing surface two 25 have the same area.

[0041] Please see Figures 1 to 10 A sliding plate 26 is slidably connected to the regulating pipe 8. Both sides of the sliding plate 26 contact the inner walls of both sides of the water nozzle 7. One end of the sliding plate 26 contacts the valve plates 12 on both sides of the water nozzle 7. Rectangular grooves 27 are provided on both valve plates 12 of the water nozzle 7. A slider 10 is slidably connected within the rectangular grooves 27, with its top contacting one inner wall of the rectangular groove 27 and its bottom fitting against the inner wall of the water nozzle 7. A guide slope 28 is provided at one end of the slider 10, with a chamfer between the guide slope 28 and the top plane of the slider 10. A rotating chamber 30 is provided inside the slider 10, which connects the top of the slider 10 to the guide slope 28. The outside of the flow slope 28 is connected, and the rotating chamber 30 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 31. The rotating shaft 31 is rotatably connected to the separating plate 34. A torsion spring is provided between the rotating shaft 31 and the separating plate 34. Two gears 32 are connected to both sides of the rotating shaft 31. A one-way bearing is provided between the gear 32 and the rotating shaft 31. The two gears 32 rotate in opposite directions. Damping is provided between the gear 32 and the rotating shaft 31. Two racks 33 are provided on both sides of the water distribution core 6. One side of the two racks 33 faces up and the other tooth surface faces down. The tooth surface of the rack 33 on one side of the slider 10 faces up and the tooth surface of the rack 33 on the other side faces down. The two racks 33 mesh with the two gears 32 respectively.

[0042] Please see Figures 1 to 10When the water distributor is working normally and the size of the water nozzle 7 on one of the water distributors needs to be adjusted, the operator controls the water injection system to reduce the water injection. At this time, the water pressure in the main pipe 1 decreases, and the sliders 15 on all the water distributors are pushed by the springs 20. The connecting grooves 19 on both sides of the sliders 15 move toward the slides 18 on both sides of the water core. After the sliders 15 move for a period of time, the connecting grooves 19 on both sides connect with the slides 18 on both sides respectively. The slides 18 are connected to the inside of the main pipe 1. At this time, the operator inserts the adjusting device into the main pipe 1. The adjusting device reaches the position of the water distributor that needs to be adjusted and connects to the adjusting pipe 8 through the adjusting groove 9. At this time, the adjusting device rotates and drives the adjusting pipe 8 to rotate. The adjusting pipe 8 moves along the axial direction. After adjustment, the adjusting device leaves the main pipe 1. At this time, the operator controls the water injection system to resume normal water injection. The water pressure in the main pipe 1 increases, and slider 15 is subjected to water pressure again and begins to reset. However, because there is a metal plating layer 21 between slider 15 and the inner wall of the connecting channel 16, the movement of slider 15 is damped and slow. The connecting groove 19 will remain connected to slide 18 for a period of time. At this time, slider 22 in slide 11 is subjected to pressure from inside the main pipe 1 and begins to slowly move towards the connecting groove 23. Since the blocking valve plate 12 of slider 22 is located at one end in slide 11, it is not subjected to water pressure from inside the main pipe 1. At this time, slider 10 is subjected to pressure from inside the main pipe 1 and moves. The gears 32 on both sides of slider 10 will rotate. When slider 10 moves towards the outside of the main pipe 1, the gear 32 on the left side of slider 10 drives the separation plate 34 to rotate towards the inside of the rotating chamber 30 via the drive shaft 31. At this time, the gear 32 on the right side rotates freely. Conversely, when slider 10 moves towards the inside of the main pipe 1, the gear 32 on the right side of slider 10 drives the separation plate 34 to rotate towards the inside of the rotating chamber 30 via the drive shaft 31. At this time, the gear 32 on the left side rotates freely. Therefore, regardless of which direction slider 10 moves, the separation plate 34 will rotate towards the inside of the rotating chamber 30. When the separation plate 34 contacts the inner wall of the rotating chamber 30, the separation plate 34 stops rotating. During the movement of slider 10, the valve plates 12 on both sides will move via the connecting rod 13. When the valve plate 12 starts to adjust its opening and closing degree according to the water flow pressure on the slider 10, when the slider 10 stops moving, the opening and closing degree of all layers of valve plates 12 is automatically adjusted. When the connecting grooves 19 on both sides of the slider 2 15 move away from the slide rail 2 18, the slide rails 11 and 2 18 are closed, and the valve plate 12 cannot move. The slider 10 completes the automatic adjustment of the size of the water nozzle 7. After the slider 10 stops moving, the separation plate 34 inside the rotating chamber 30 begins to slowly rotate out of the rotating chamber 30 under the pressure of the water flow and the torque of the torsion spring, and re-contacts and adheres to the valve plate 12. When the valve plate 12 completes the adjustment, the slider 3 22 moves to the connecting groove 2 23, and the slider 3 22 is restricted and cannot move further. At this time, the connecting groove 2 23 is blocked.When valve plate 12 cannot move, the connecting grooves 19 on both sides of slider 2 15 also move away from slide rail 2 18. When active adjustment is needed again, the water pressure inside the main pipe 1 decreases, and slider 3 22 is reset by elastic force.

[0043] The specific embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. For those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and ideas of the present invention should still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A downhole water distributor for oil extraction, comprising a main pipeline (1), wherein an upper connector (2) and a lower connector (3) are fixedly connected to both ends of the main pipeline (1), an opening valve (4) is slidably connected to the main pipeline (1), a return spring (5) is provided between the opening valve (4) and the upper connector (2), the opening valve (4) is in contact with the lower connector (3), a water distribution core (6) is provided on the main pipeline (1), a water nozzle (7) is provided on the water distribution core (6), and an adjusting pipe (8) is threadedly connected inside the main pipeline (1), an adjusting groove (9) is provided on the adjusting pipe (8), characterized in that, The water nozzle (7) is slidably connected with a sliding block one (10), the two sides of the sliding block one (10) are attached to the inner wall of the water nozzle (7), the other end of the sliding block one (10) is fixedly connected with a flow guide plate (29), the flow guide plate (29) is attached to the inner wall of the water nozzle (7), the two sides of the water distribution core (6) are provided with a sliding channel one (11), the sliding channel one (11) is slidably connected with a valve plate (12), the bottom of the valve plate (12) is hingedly connected with a connecting rod (13), the connecting rod (13) on the two sides of the valve plate (12) is hingedly connected with the sliding block one (10), the spring one (14) is arranged between the sliding block one (10) and the inner wall of the main pipeline (1), the water distribution core (6) is provided with a locking device, the locking device is used for limiting the movement of the valve plate (12) after adjustment, the locking device comprises a sliding block two (15), the water distribution core (6) and the main pipeline (1) are provided with a connecting channel (16), the connecting channel (16) communicates the inside of the main pipeline (1) with the outside, the sliding block two (15) is slidably connected in the connecting channel (16), the sliding block two (15) is provided with a pressure groove one (17), the two sides of the water nozzle (7) are provided with a sliding channel two (18), the sliding channel two (18) communicates the sliding channel one (11) with the connecting channel (16), the two sides of the sliding block two (15) are provided with a communication groove one (19), the two communication grooves one (19) respectively communicate the two sliding channel two (18) with the pressure groove one (17), the spring two (20) is arranged between the sliding block two (15) and the water distribution core (6).

2. A downhole water distributor for use in oil production according to claim 1, characterized in that The surface of the sliding block two (15) and the inner wall of the connecting channel (16) are provided with a metal plating layer (21).

3. A downhole water distributor for use in oil production according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two sliding channel one (11) are slidably and elastically connected with a sliding block three (22), the surface of the sliding block three (22) is attached to the sliding channel one (11), the water distribution core (6) and the main pipeline (1) are provided with a communication groove two (23), the communication groove two (23) communicates the sliding channel one (11) with the outside of the main pipeline (1), the valve plate (12) is provided with a stress surface one (24) and a stress surface two (25) at two ends, the stress surface one (24) is located in the water nozzle (7), the stress surface two (25) is located in the sliding channel one (11), the stress surface one (24) and the stress surface two (25) have the same area.

4. A downhole water distributor for use in oil production according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjusting pipe (8) is slidably connected with a sliding plate (26), the two sides of the sliding plate (26) are in contact with the inner wall of the water nozzle (7), one end of the sliding plate (26) is in contact with the valve plate (12) on the two sides of the water nozzle (7).

5. A downhole water distributor for use in oil production according to claim 1, characterized in that, The valve plate (12) on the two sides of the water nozzle (7) is provided with a rectangular groove (27), the sliding block one (10) is slidably connected in the rectangular groove (27), and the top of the sliding block one (10) is in contact with the inner wall of one side of the rectangular groove (27), the bottom of the sliding block one (10) is attached to the inner wall of the water nozzle (7).

6. A downhole water distributor for use in oil production according to claim 4, characterized in that, One end of the sliding block one (10) is provided with a flow guide inclined surface (28), the flow guide inclined surface (28) and the top plane of the sliding block one (10) are chamfered.

7. A downhole water distributor for use in oil production according to claim 6, characterized in that The slider one (10) is internally provided with a rotating chamber (30), the rotating chamber (30) is communicated with the top of the slider one (10) and the outer side of the flow guide inclined surface (28) of the slider one (10), a rotating shaft (31) is rotatably connected in the rotating chamber (30), a separation plate (34) is rotatably connected on the rotating shaft (31), a torsional spring is arranged between the rotating shaft (31) and the separation plate (34), two gears (32) are connected on the two sides of the rotating shaft (31), a one-way bearing is arranged between the gear (32) and the rotating shaft (31), the rotating directions of the two gears (32) are opposite, a damping is arranged between the gear (32) and the rotating shaft (31), two racks (33) are arranged on the two sides of the water distribution core (6), the tooth surface of the rack (33) on one side of the slider one (10) faces upward, the tooth surface of the rack (33) on the other side faces downward, and the two racks (33) are meshed with the two gears (32) respectively.

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