Heading machine

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunneling equipment, in particular to a tunneling machine. The tunneling machine comprises a shield body, a main drive and a cutterhead, the shield body comprises a shield body partition plate fixedly connected with a fixed part of the main drive, a rotating part of the main drive comprises a connecting shaft fixed to the cutterhead, the cutterhead is provided with a cutterhead back plate opposite to the shield body partition plate in a front-back mode, and an outer sealing piece is arranged between the fixed part and the rotating part of the main drive. The distance between the cutterhead back plate and the shield body partition plate meets the requirement for forming a dismounting and replacing operation area of an operation space needed when an operator replaces the outer sealing piece, and the cutterhead back plate and / or the shield body partition plate are / is provided with a part for forming a replacement channel when the operator needs to replace the outer sealing piece. An operator and the strip-shaped outer sealing element enter and exit from the dismounting and replacing operation area through the replacing channel, and the operator winds the strip-shaped outer sealing element around the connecting shaft through the dismounting and replacing operation area and connects the strip-shaped outer sealing element end to end to form a ring shape so as to replace the outer sealing element. The operation is simple, and the efficiency can be improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel boring equipment, and particularly relates to a tunnel boring machine. BACKGROUND

[0002] The main drive outer seal is a key element of the tunnel boring machine, and its performance directly affects the reliability of the main drive system. The installation structure of the main drive outer seal can refer to a TBM disclosed in a Chinese patent for invention with the authorized publication number CN114233860B. The TBM includes a shield body and a TBM main drive device. The TBM main drive device includes a fixed part and a rotating part rotatably installed on the fixed part. The fixed part is installed on the shield body. The shield body partition plate is fixed to the front end of the fixed part. The front end of the rotating part is provided with a cutter head. The cutter head back plate is fixed to the front end of the rotating part. The TBM main drive device is used to drive the cutter head to rotate. The rolling cutters on the cutter head cut the rock to perform the tunneling work. The outer seal structure and the inner seal structure are installed between the fixed part and the rotating part. The fixed part and the rotating part are arranged in a spaced manner to form an annular cavity. Three lip-shaped sealing elements are arranged in the annular cavity from back to front. The lip-shaped sealing elements form the outer sealing element. The outer sealing element is ring-shaped. The fixed part and the rotating part rotate relative to each other. The three lip-shaped sealing elements tightly contact the rotating part to form a rotating seal.

[0003] In the field of TBM engineering, if the main drive outer seal fails, the outer seal needs to be replaced in the hole. At present, the cutter head is removed from the main drive and fixed on the working face. Then the main machine is retracted to form an operating space between the cutter head and the main drive for the operator to replace the outer sealing element. After replacement, the cutter head and the main drive are reconnected. This method can refer to the main drive outer seal repair method disclosed in the Chinese patent for invention application with the application publication number CN116658187A. However, since the cutter head and the main drive need to be disassembled for replacement of the outer seal, the operation process is relatively complex, the tunneling machine is stopped for a long time, the efficiency is low, and the safety risk is high. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to provide a tunneling machine to solve the problem that the current tunneling machine needs to disassemble the cutter head and the main drive for replacement of the outer seal, which makes the operation complex and the efficiency low.

[0005] The technical scheme of the tunneling machine of the present application is as follows: The tunneling machine comprises a shield body, a main drive and a cutterhead, the shield body comprises a shield partition fixedly connected with a fixed part of the main drive, a rotating part of the main drive comprises a connecting shaft fixedly connected with the cutterhead, the cutterhead has a cutterhead back plate opposite to the shield partition in front and back, an outer seal is arranged between the fixed part and the rotating part of the main drive, the distance between the cutterhead back plate and the shield partition satisfies the dismounting operation area for forming the operation space required when the operator replaces the outer seal, the cutterhead back plate and / or the shield partition is provided with a part forming a replacement channel when the operator needs to replace the outer seal, so that the operator and the strip-shaped outer seal can enter and exit the dismounting operation area through the replacement channel, and the dismounting operation area is used for the operator to bypass the connecting shaft and connect the strip-shaped outer seal end to end to form a ring shape to realize the replacement of the outer seal.

[0006] Further, the replacement channels on the shield partition and / or the cutterhead back plate are distributed in the circumferential direction.

[0007] Further, the shield partition and the cutterhead back plate are both provided with replacement channels, and the replacement channels on the shield partition and the cutterhead back plate are staggered in front and back when the outer seal replacement operation is performed.

[0008] Further, a platform for supporting the operator is arranged at each replacement channel of the shield partition and the cutterhead back plate, and the platform on the cutterhead back plate is closer to the connecting shaft than the platform on the shield partition.

[0009] Further, a platform is arranged at each replacement channel so that an operator is on each platform.

[0010] Further, the front and back sides of the shield partition are both provided with platforms at the replacement channels, and the platform on the front side of the shield partition is used for supporting the operator in the dismounting operation area.

[0011] Further, the part on the cutterhead back plate and / or the shield partition for forming the replacement channel is provided with a thin plate with a thickness smaller than that of the remaining part, and the thin plate forms the replacement channel when cut off and closes the replacement channel when welded to the replacement channel.

[0012] Further, the cutterhead back plate and the shield partition are both provided with multiple parts for forming replacement channels distributed in the circumferential direction, and the parts on the cutterhead back plate for forming the replacement channels are closer to the connecting shaft than the parts on the shield partition for forming the replacement channels.

[0013] Further, the part on the cutterhead back plate and / or the shield partition for forming the replacement channel is provided with a gate, the gate forms a replacement channel through in front and back when opened, and the gate closes the replacement channel.

[0014] Further, the distance between the cutterhead back plate and the shield partition is not less than 500 mm, and the distance between the cutterhead back plate and the front end face of the fixed part of the main drive is not less than 450 mm.

[0015] Beneficial effects: The tunneling machine of the present application can replace the outer seal without dismounting the cutter head, and the distance between the cutter head back plate and the shield bulkhead is large enough to provide sufficient space. When the outer seal needs to be replaced, the operator can enter the dismounting and replacing operation area between the cutter head back plate and the shield bulkhead through the replacement passage on the cutter head back plate or the shield bulkhead. After the old outer seal is dismounted, it is cut to change from a ring shape to a strip shape, and then it can be sent out through the replacement passage. The new outer seal is initially in a strip shape, so it can be sent in through the replacement passage to the dismounting and replacing operation area between the cutter head back plate and the shield bulkhead. The operator makes it pass around the connecting shaft of the main drive and the cutter head and connects its head and tail. At this time, the outer seal changes to a ring shape that meets the requirements of rotary sealing. The operator installs it in place. After the replacement of the outer seal is completed, the operator leaves through the replacement passage and closes the replacement passage to maintain the normal function of the cutter head back plate and the shield bulkhead. In this way, the operation of dismounting the cutter head and retreating the main drive is not required, the operation complexity is reduced, and the replacement efficiency is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a schematic view of the cutter head back plate in Figure 2 is a schematic view of the shield bulkhead in Figure 1 . Figure 3 is a schematic view of the shield bulkhead in Figure 1 .

[0017] In the figure: 1, shield bulkhead; 2, main drive; 21, outer seal; 22, connecting shaft; 3, cutter head back plate; 4, replacement passage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The basic concept of the tunneling machine of the present application is to make the operator enter the space between the shield bulkhead and the cutter head back plate directly adjacent to the outer seal, and to provide a replacement passage on the shield bulkhead and / or the cutter head back plate. The outer seal is in a strip shape through the replacement passage, and then the head and tail are connected to form a ring shape, and the replacement operation of the outer seal is realized. The cutter head and the main drive do not need to be dismounted, which is convenient for operation and improves efficiency.

[0019] The present application will be described in detail below with specific embodiments.

[0020] Embodiment of the tunneling machine of the present application: In combination with Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3In the embodiment, the tunneling machine is a TBM tunneling machine, which comprises a cutter head, a main drive 2, and a shield body. The cutter head and the shield body are connected with the main drive 2 respectively, and the main drive 2 is used to drive the cutter head to rotate.

[0021] The main drive 2 comprises a fixed part and a rotating part. An outer seal 21 is arranged between the fixed part and the outer circumferential surface of the rotating part. The outer seal 21 is a ring body surrounding the axis of the main drive 2, so as to ensure the sealing when the rotating part rotates relative to the fixed part. The shield body comprises a shield partition plate 1, which is perpendicular to the axis of the main drive 2. The shield partition plate 1 is provided with a fixed hole for mounting the main drive 2 in the center, and the front end of the fixed part of the main drive 2 is fixedly connected with the shield partition plate 1. The rotating part of the main drive 2 comprises a connecting shaft 22 at the front end, which is fixedly connected with the center of the cutter head and can be connected through a flange. The cutter head has a certain axial thickness. The cutter head has a cutter head back plate 3 facing away from the palm surface, which is spaced apart from the shield partition plate 1 in front and back. The space between the cutter head back plate 3 and the shield partition plate 1 is communicated with the excavation area.

[0022] The front end surface of the fixed part of the main drive 2 is between the cutter head back plate 3 and the shield partition plate 1. The outer diameter of the connecting shaft 22 is smaller than the outer diameter of the fixed part of the main drive 2. The rear side surface of the cutter head back plate 3 is connected with the outer circumferential surface of the connecting shaft 22. In the embodiment, the main drive 2 is connected with the cutter head through the connecting shaft 22. In other embodiments, a flange extending rearward and having a certain axial length can be arranged on the cutter head, and the flange is directly connected with the front end surface of the rotating part of the main drive.

[0023] The connecting shaft 22 is a hollow shaft, and the central hole of the connecting shaft 22 is communicated with the inner cavity of the cutter head and the front and rear of the central passage of the main drive 2. The central passage of the main drive 2 leads to the rear of the shield partition plate 1.

[0024] The outer seal 21 can be installed from the front side of the main drive 2. The outer seal 21 can be arranged in multiple axial directions. The outer seal 21 cooperates with parts such as a partition ring, a compression ring, an outer labyrinth ring, and an outer sealing dust plate to form an outer sealing structure of the main drive 2. The outer sealing structure is a known technology, and will not be described here again. The outer sealing structure faces the space between the cutter head back plate 3 and the shield partition plate 1.

[0025] The distance between the cutter back plate 3 and the shield bulkhead 1 meets the dismounting operation area required for the operator to replace the outer seal 21. The cutter back plate 3 and the shield bulkhead 1 are provided with positions forming a replacement channel for the operator to replace the outer seal, so that the operator and the strip-shaped outer seal can enter and exit the dismounting operation area through the replacement channel. The dismounting operation area is used for the operator to wrap the strip-shaped outer seal around the connecting shaft and connect the head and tail to form a ring shape to realize the replacement of the outer seal. The distance A between the cutter back plate 3 and the shield bulkhead 1 is not less than 500 mm, and the distance B between the cutter back plate 3 and the front end face of the fixed part of the main drive 2 is not less than 450 mm, so that the space between the cutter back plate 3 and the shield bulkhead 1 can meet the dismounting operation of the outer seal 21, and the operator can easily change his position. At the same time, the strength of the cutter back plate 3 is increased, the strength of the connecting shaft 22 is increased, and the use reliability is ensured under the condition of ensuring the structure strength of the cutter.

[0026] Based on the sufficient space between the cutter back plate 3 and the shield bulkhead 1, a dismounting operation area meeting the operation space required for the operator to replace the outer seal 21 is reserved between the cutter back plate 3 and the shield bulkhead 1. When replacing, a replacement channel 4 is formed on the shield bulkhead 1 and the cutter back plate 3. The operator can enter the dismounting operation area from the rear of the shield bulkhead 1 through the replacement channel 4 on the shield bulkhead 1, or enter the dismounting operation area through the center hole of the connecting shaft 22 after entering the inner cavity of the cutter from the center channel of the main drive 2; the old ring-shaped outer seal 21 is dismounted and cut into a strip, and then sent out through the replacement channel 4; the new outer seal is sent to the dismounting operation area in the form of a strip through the replacement channel 4, and then the strip-shaped outer seal is wrapped around the connecting shaft 22 of the main drive 2 and the cutter, and the strip-shaped outer seal is connected head to tail to form a ring shape, and the new outer seal 21 is installed; after the replacement is completed, the operator leaves through the replacement channel 4 and closes the replacement channel.

[0027] The operator can enter the reserved dismounting and replacing operation area between the cutter back plate 3 and the shield bulkhead 1 to operate, dismount and reinstall the outer seal 21, the partition ring, the compression ring, the outer labyrinth ring, the outer seal dust baffle and the like of the outer sealing structure. After the old outer seal 21 is dismounted, it is cut to change from a ring shape to a strip shape, and then can be sent out by using the replacement channel 4. The new outer seal is initially in a strip shape, so it can be sent in by using the replacement channel 4 to the dismounting and replacing operation area between the cutter back plate 3 and the shield bulkhead 1, where the operator makes it pass around the connecting shaft 22 of the main drive 2 and the cutter, and connects the head and tail of the outer seal, at this time the outer seal changes to a ring shape to meet the requirement of forming a rotary seal in use, and the operator installs it in place. After the replacement of the outer seal 21 is completed, the operator leaves from the replacement channel 4 and closes the replacement channel, to maintain the normal sealing function of the cutter back plate 3 and the shield bulkhead 1. In this way, the operation of dismounting the cutter and retreating the main drive 2 is not required, the operation complexity is reduced, and the replacement efficiency is improved.

[0028] The size of the replacement channel 4 meets the needs of conveying the strip-shaped outer seal, the operating tool and the operator. The tunneling machine includes a material bin behind the shield bulkhead, in which tools and strip-shaped outer seals and other required materials can be placed. The main drive outer seal can be replaced without dismounting the main drive and the cutter by using the tunneling machine.

[0029] In the embodiment, the replacement channel 4 is arranged on both the cutter back plate 3 and the shield bulkhead 1, which is beneficial to flexible operation. In other embodiments, the replacement channel can be arranged only on the shield bulkhead or only on the cutter back plate if the operation space permits.

[0030] The replacement channels 4 on the shield bulkhead 1 and the cutter back plate 3 are distributed in multiple numbers in the circumferential direction. There are four replacement channels 4 arranged around the center of the shield bulkhead 1, and there are four replacement channels 4 arranged around the center of the cutter back plate 3, which facilitates operation. The replacement channel 4 is a circular channel, and the channel diameter is 500-600 mm. The replacement channel 4 can also be designed in other shapes such as a square shape, to ensure that the operator can perform replacement operation at multiple angles.

[0031] The replacement channels 4 on the shield bulkhead 1 and the cutter back plate 3 are staggered in front and back when the outer seal 21 is replaced. The outer seal 21 is replaced when the machine is stopped, and the state when the cutter rotation is stopped meets the requirement that the replacement channel 4 on the cutter back plate 3 is staggered with the replacement channel 4 on the shield bulkhead 1 in the front and back direction, and the projection in the front and back direction presents a uniform distribution in the circumferential direction, covering more space in the circumferential direction. The operator at each replacement channel 4 assists the operator in the dismounting and replacing operation area to perform operation. In other embodiments, when the number of replacement channels is large, the replacement channels on the shield bulkhead and the cutter back plate can be corresponded one by one in front and back.

[0032] A platform for supporting an operator is arranged at each replacement passage 4 of the shield bulkhead 1 and the cutter back plate 3, and the operator can stand on the platform to operate. The platform is formed by welding supports, and can be temporarily built. After the replacement operation is completed, the platform can be cut and removed according to needs. There is a platform at each replacement passage 4, and a ladder can be temporarily built by welding supports between the platforms according to needs, to facilitate the movement of the operator.

[0033] The replacement passage on the cutter back plate 3 is closer to the connecting shaft than the replacement passage on the shield bulkhead 1. The platform on the cutter back plate 3 is closer to the connecting shaft 22 than the platform on the shield bulkhead 1, that is, the platforms are at different heights, so that the operators at different positions can cover more areas, improving convenience. In other embodiments, the platforms on the cutter back plate and the platforms on the shield bulkhead can be at the same height according to needs.

[0034] The front side of the cutter back plate 3 is provided with a platform, which does not occupy the dismounting and replacing operation space. The front and rear sides of the shield bulkhead 1 are provided with platforms at the replacement passages 4. The operator of the dismounting and replacing operation area is located on the platform on the front side of the shield bulkhead 1. The platforms on the front and rear sides of the shield bulkhead 1 are at the same height, facilitating the building operation of the platforms and facilitating the adjacent operator on the rear side of the shield bulkhead 1 to assist the operator of the dismounting and replacing operation area.

[0035] There is an operator on each platform. The operators at different positions cooperate, and are located at the passage openings of the replacement passages 4 in the circumferential direction. The vision and space of the operators at different positions are different, which is beneficial to the cooperative multi-station operation, improves the replacement efficiency, and reduces the replacement time. The number of operators is arranged according to needs.

[0036] The cutter back plate and the shield bulkhead are provided with multiple positions for forming replacement passages in the circumferential direction. The replacement passages 4 can be temporarily formed. The replacement passages 4 are directly cut on site. The replacement passages 4 are formed by cutting the cutter back plate 3 and the shield bulkhead 1 at corresponding positions. The cut plate is welded back when the replacement passages 4 need to be closed. The positions of the shield bulkhead 1 and the cutter back plate 3 for forming the replacement passages 4 are thin plates with small thickness, and other areas are thick. When the boring machine is in normal use, the thin plates are welded to close the replacement passages 4. If the outer sealing element 21 needs to be replaced, the thin plates are cut off on site to open the passage, and the passage is welded and closed with the thin plates after the replacement of the outer sealing element 21, and the boring machine starts normal boring. In other embodiments, a replacement passage can be reserved, and a closable gate can be provided at the replacement passage. The gate is opened to form a through replacement passage, and the gate is closed to close the replacement passage, to ensure the sealing performance of the equipment during boring.

[0037] The outer sealing structure's spacer ring, compression ring, outer labyrinth ring, outer sealing dust plate and other parts can be hung on the electric hoist temporarily fixed on the shield body or cutter head after being disassembled. The extraction and installation operation of the outer sealing element 21 based on the sealing cavity between the main drive fixed part and the rotating part is a conventional means, which will not be described here. The operator can operate using tools. For example, when installing the outer sealing element 21, a jack tool is used to press the outer sealing element 21 in. For the new outer sealing element, the first end and the second end of the outer sealing element can be manually vulcanized together to make the outer sealing element a circle.

[0038] The operator reaches the area adjacent to the outer sealing element 21 through the replacement channel 4 of the shield body to perform the operation, opens the replacement channel 4 on the cutter back plate 3, and the new outer sealing element 21 and the replacement tool can enter the cutter interior through the material bin behind the main drive 2 and then be transferred to the working area by the corresponding operator through the channel on the cutter. The transfer process can be realized by building a track on the corresponding components of the tunneling machine and using an electric hoist, or the transfer can be performed from the outside of the main drive 2 through the channel on the shield body. After the old outer sealing element is disassembled, the new outer sealing element is replaced. After replacement, the tool is retrieved, the personnel leave through the replacement channel 4 and seal the channel.

[0039] Under the condition of ensuring the structure strength and excavation capacity of the TBM cutter head, the distance between the cutter back plate 3 and the shield body spacer plate 1 is increased, the replacement channel 4 is additionally provided, the operator can reach the area adjacent to the outer sealing element 21 to perform the operation, and the main drive outer sealing can be replaced without disassembling the cutter in the tunnel. The operation complexity is reduced, the sealing replacement efficiency is improved, and the operation space of the operator, the reachability and safety of the personnel to the outer sealing area are ensured. Finally, it should be noted that the above-described preferred embodiments of the present application are not intended to limit the present application, although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. For those skilled in the art, the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified without creative labor, or some technical features can be replaced equivalently. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A tunnel boring machine, characterized in that: It includes a shield body, a main drive and a cutter disc. The shield body includes a shield body partition fixedly connected to the fixed part of the main drive. The rotating part of the main drive includes a connecting shaft fixed to the cutter disc. The cutter disc has a cutter disc back plate opposite to the front and rear of the shield body partition. An outer seal is provided between the fixed part and the rotating part of the main drive. The distance between the cutter disc back plate and the shield body partition meets the requirement of forming a disassembly and replacement operation area for the operator to replace the outer seal. A part is provided on the cutter disc back plate and / or the shield body partition to form a replacement channel when the operator needs to replace the outer seal, so that the operator and the strip outer seal can enter and exit the disassembly and replacement operation area through the replacement channel. The disassembly and replacement operation area allows the operator to pass the strip outer seal around the connecting shaft and connect them end to end to form a ring to realize the replacement of the outer seal.

2. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, wherein: There are multiple replacement channels distributed along the circumferential direction on the shield partition plate and / or the cutter head back plate.

3. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 2, wherein: There are replacement channels on the shield body partition and the cutter disc back plate. The replacement channels on the shield body partition and the cutter disc back plate are staggered front and back during the outer seal replacement operation.

4. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 3, wherein: A platform for supporting operators is provided at each replacement channel of the shield body partition and the cutter disc back plate. The platform on the cutter disc back plate is closer to the connecting shaft than the platform on the shield body partition.

5. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: A platform is set up at each changing channel so that there is an operator at each platform.

6. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: There are platforms on the front and rear sides of the shield partition at the replacement channel. The platform on the front side of the shield partition is used to support operators in the disassembly and replacement operation area.

7. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The portion on the cutter disc back plate and / or the shield body partition used to form the replacement channel is provided with a thin plate with a thickness less than that of the remaining portions. The thin plate forms the replacement channel when cut and closes the replacement channel when welded to the replacement channel.

8. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, wherein: The cutter disc back plate and the shield body partition are provided with multiple locations distributed along the circumferential direction for forming replacement channels. The locations on the cutter disc back plate for forming replacement channels are closer to the connecting shaft than the locations on the shield body partition for forming replacement channels.

9. The tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A gate is provided on the position where the replacement channel is formed on the cutter disc back plate and / or the shield body partition. When the gate is opened, a replacement channel is formed that passes through from front to back, and when the gate is closed, the replacement channel is blocked.

10. The tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The distance between the cutter disc back plate and the shield body partition shall not be less than 500mm, and the distance between the cutter disc back plate and the front end face of the fixed part of the main drive shall not be less than 450mm.

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