Line loss detection terminal

Abstract

The invention discloses a line loss detection terminal, which relates to the technical field of line loss detection and comprises a control module used for controlling a high-precision metering module, a clock module, a storage module, a communication module, a topology module and a meter reading module. The method is mainly applied to line loss monitoring and analysis of the low-voltage power distribution network in the power system. In daily operation and maintenance of a power distribution network, the line loss condition of a line can be monitored in real time, a line loss abnormal area can be found in time, and data support is provided for line reconstruction and optimization; in power grid planning and construction, through analysis of historical line loss data, the power grid layout is reasonably planned, and the operation efficiency and reliability of the power grid are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of line loss detection, and particularly relates to a line loss detection terminal. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of power grids, the reliability and efficiency of distribution networks become key issues. As a core indicator for measuring the operation efficiency of distribution networks, the precise monitoring and analysis of power line loss is of great significance for optimizing the operation of power grids and reducing costs. However, the existing line loss tools have many problems: the operation process is cumbersome, manual household transformer checking is required, which greatly increases the work burden of the staff of the basic power supply station, resulting in the rejection of some personnel to use the line loss tool. At the same time, the traditional tool is difficult to accurately locate the line loss position when facing complex low-voltage distribution networks, and the data integrity and security cannot be effectively guaranteed. In the transformation of low-voltage distribution networks, due to the complex operating environment of low-voltage distribution networks and the wide range of points, the traditional line loss monitoring method cannot fully control the construction and transformation quality, and faults such as line aging and poor contact of contact points are easy to cause power failure, which seriously affects the stability of power supply.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a line loss detection terminal, electronic equipment, storage medium and program product which is simple to operate, can accurately locate the line loss position and guarantee the data integrity and security, to solve the problems in the prior art. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a line loss detection terminal, electronic equipment, storage medium and program product to solve the problems of existing line loss monitoring tools, such as complicated operation, inaccurate positioning, poor data security and inability to meet the monitoring needs of complex low-voltage distribution networks.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a line loss detection terminal, comprising the following steps:

[0006] a control module, a high-precision metering module, a clock module, a storage module, a communication module, a topology module and a meter reading module;

[0007] The control module is used to control the high-precision metering module, the clock module, the storage module, the communication module, the topology module and the meter reading module.

[0008] The high-precision metering module is used to collect line operation parameters.

[0009] The clock module is used to receive an external time correction signal and record the timestamp of collecting line operation parameters.

[0010] The storage module is used to store the line operation parameters.

[0011] The communication module is configured to interact with the control module based on a preset communication protocol.

[0012] The topology module is configured to modulate and demodulate a topology identification signal to construct a device topology relationship.

[0013] The meter reading module is configured to obtain a line loss position based on the device topology relationship and the line operation parameters and the electric meter data.

[0014] Optionally, the control module adopts a high-speed master MCU, the high-speed master MCU is connected with the high-precision metering module through an analog-to-digital converter, the high-speed master MCU is connected with the communication module, the topology module and the meter reading module through a UART multiplexing interface, and the high-speed master MCU is connected with the clock module and the storage module through an I2C bus.

[0015] Optionally, the line loss detection terminal further comprises a power module, and the power module comprises an AC unit, a DC / DC unit and an LDO unit.

[0016] The AC unit is configured to convert 220V alternating current power into direct current required by the DC / DC unit.

[0017] The DC / DC unit is configured to convert the direct current required by the DC / DC unit into a direct current voltage required by the line loss detection terminal.

[0018] The LDO unit is configured to convert the direct current voltage required by the line loss detection terminal into a stable direct current voltage.

[0019] Optionally, the high-precision metering module comprises a metering current detection unit, a metering voltage detection unit and a metering chip unit, the metering current detection unit and the metering voltage detection unit are connected with the metering chip unit, and the metering chip unit is connected with the high-speed master MCU.

[0020] The metering current detection unit is configured to collect a current signal in a line based on the power module.

[0021] The metering voltage detection unit is configured to collect a voltage signal in the line based on the power module.

[0022] The metering chip unit is configured to convert the current signal and the voltage signal into a digital signal.

[0023] Optionally, the communication module comprises a 4G unit, a Bluetooth unit and an RS485 unit.

[0024] The 4G unit is configured to interact with the control module based on a preset communication protocol.

[0025] The Bluetooth unit is used for wireless data transmission with external equipment.

[0026] The RS485 unit is used for wired communication with external equipment based on differential signals.

[0027] Optionally, the communication module further comprises an RS485 isolation unit connected with the RS485 unit.

[0028] The RS485 isolation unit is used for electrical isolation between the RS485 unit and the high-speed master control MCU.

[0029] Optionally, the line loss detection terminal further comprises a user identity identification module and a 4G antenna module, both of which are connected with the 4G unit.

[0030] The user identity identification module is used for accessing a mobile communication network.

[0031] The 4G antenna module is used for receiving and transmitting wireless signals.

[0032] Optionally, the meter reading module comprises a carrier wave meter reading unit and a line loss analysis unit.

[0033] The carrier wave meter reading unit is used for reading meter data and obtaining line loss rate in combination with line operation parameters.

[0034] The line loss analysis unit is used for analyzing line loss position according to the device topology relationship and the line loss rate.

[0035] Optionally, the line loss detection terminal further comprises an LED module and a remote upgrade module, both of which are connected with the high-speed master control MCU.

[0036] The LED module is used for displaying the running state of the line loss detection terminal.

[0037] The remote upgrade module is used for receiving an upgrade instruction and performing remote upgrade processing on the line loss detection terminal.

[0038] Compared with the closest prior art, the present application has the beneficial effects of:

[0039] The application can accurately locate the low-voltage area line loss position, while ensuring the integrity and security of the data. Compared with existing products, the operation difficulty is reduced, and the working burden of the staff of the basic power supply station is reduced when using it. The monitoring terminal is suitable for various power monitoring and management scenarios, including power line loss monitoring, electric meter data acquisition, power quality analysis, etc., has strong functions and flexible characteristics, can help the power supply department to better monitor and manage the power line, improve the power transmission efficiency and reduce the loss, and meet the various needs of the power industry. The monitoring terminal of the application provides a convenient and practical tool for the power supply department to better understand and control the power system, so as to improve the efficiency, reduce the line loss and improve the power supply quality.

[0040] In summary, the application is mainly applied to line loss monitoring and analysis of low-voltage distribution network in power system. In the daily operation and maintenance of distribution network, the line loss of the line can be monitored in real time, and the abnormal area of line loss can be found in time to provide data support for line transformation and optimization; in the planning and construction of power grid, through the analysis of historical line loss data, the layout of power grid is reasonably planned, and the operation efficiency and reliability of power grid are improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the description of specific embodiments or prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the application, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creative labor.

[0042] Figure 1 It is a structure schematic view of a line loss detection terminal of an embodiment of the application;

[0043] Figure 2 It is a structure schematic view of a clock module proposed by the embodiment of the application;

[0044] Figure 3 It is a structure schematic view of a storage module proposed by the embodiment of the application;

[0045] Figure 4 It is a chip structure schematic view of a control module proposed by the embodiment of the application;

[0046] Figure 5 It is a structure schematic view of an AC unit proposed by the embodiment of the application;

[0047] Figure 6 It is a structure schematic view of an LED proposed by the embodiment of the application;

[0048] Figure 7 It is a structure schematic view of a DC / DC unit proposed by the embodiment of the application;

[0049] Figure 8 Structure diagram of LDO unit for the embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 9 Structure diagram of metering current detection unit for the embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 10 Structure diagram of metering voltage detection unit for the embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 11 Structure diagram of metering chip for the embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 12 Structure diagram of 4G unit power supply for the embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Figure 13 Chip structure diagram of 4G unit for the embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Figure 14 Structure diagram of Bluetooth unit for the embodiment of the present application;

[0056] Figure 15 Structure diagram of RS485 unit for the embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Figure 16 Structure diagram of RS485 isolation unit for the embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Figure 17 Structure diagram of user identity recognition module for the embodiment of the present application;

[0059] Figure 18 Structure diagram of 4G antenna module for the embodiment of the present application;

[0060] Figure 19 Structure diagram of carrier wave meter reading unit for the embodiment of the present application;

[0061] Figure 20 Structure diagram of pulse signal circuit for the embodiment of the present application;

[0062] Figure 21 Structure diagram of reactive switching circuit for the embodiment of the present application;

[0063] Figure 22 Structure diagram of zero-crossing detection circuit for the embodiment of the present application;

[0064] Figure 23 Structure diagram of voltage test point for the embodiment of the present application;

[0065] Figure 24 A schematic diagram of the structure of a debugging interface circuit proposed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 25 A schematic diagram of the structure of a serial line debug circuit proposed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 26 A schematic diagram of the structure of a crystal oscillator proposed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power board interface proposed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 28 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a level conversion circuit proposed in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present invention and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0071] The terms used in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0072] Because existing line loss tools are relatively cumbersome to operate and require manual verification of household changes, they place a heavy workload on grassroots power station staff, leading some staff to be reluctant to use them. The present invention addresses these technical issues and proposes a line loss detection terminal, electronic device, storage medium, and program product.

[0073] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a line loss detection terminal, comprising: a control module, a high-precision metering module, a clock module, a storage module, a communication module, a topology module and a meter reading module;

[0074] The control module is used to control the high-precision metering module, the clock module, the storage module, the communication module, the topology module and the meter reading module;

[0075] The high-precision metering module is used to collect line operation parameters;

[0076] The high-precision metering module collects various operating parameters of the line at a specific sampling frequency, including total (phase) active power, reactive power, power factor, and phase voltage, phase current, frequency and other operating parameters.

[0077] The clock module is used to receive external time calibration signals and record the timestamp of the acquisition line operation parameters;

[0078] The line loss detection terminal has a built-in independent RTC clock circuit to record the exact time of data collection and can receive external time calibration signals to ensure the accuracy of the device time. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the clock module uses an independent RTC chip, the RX8025SAAC, which is connected to the PTC_SCL and PTC_SDA pins of the high-speed master MCU via the I2C bus to achieve real-time time synchronization and calibration. In addition, its / INTA and / INTB pins send timer interrupt signals to the high-speed master MCU, triggering data sampling or sleep wakeup. By synchronizing with the clock of the high-precision metering module, the timing consistency of the entire system is guaranteed.

[0079] The storage module is used to classify and store the line operation parameters;

[0080] like Figure 3 As shown, the storage module uses the FM24W256 EEPROM memory chip, which connects to the EE_WP, EE_SCL, and EE_SDA pins of the high-speed master MCU via the I2C bus to implement data read and write operations. The module can store up to 240 frozen data, including active and reactive energy, voltage, current, and other parameters, and the data is not lost after power failure.

[0081] The communication module is used to exchange data with the control module according to a preset communication protocol;

[0082] The communication module of the line loss detection terminal has long-range wireless functions such as 4G communication and Bluetooth communication, and is used to exchange data with the high-speed master control MCU according to the established communication protocol.

[0083] The topology module is used to modulate and demodulate the topology identification signal and establish the device topology relationship;

[0084] The topology module of the line loss detection terminal can modulate and send topology identification signals and receive and demodulate topology identification signals to realize automatic topology identification of the topological relationship between devices.

[0085] The meter reading module is configured to obtain the line loss location based on the device topology using the meter data and the line operation parameters;

[0086] The meter reading module reads the meter data, and the data is used to compare with the data collected by the metering module to calculate the line loss rate and determine the line loss location.

[0087] Further, the control module adopts a high-speed host MCU, which is connected with the high-precision metering module through an analog-to-digital converter, connected with the communication module, the topology module and the meter reading module through a UART interface, and connected with the clock module and the storage module through an I2C bus.

[0088] As shown in Figure 4 , the control module adopts a high-speed host MCU with a model of HC32F460JETA as the core of the line loss detection terminal, which cooperates with various modules through various interfaces. The high-speed host MCU receives voltage and current sampling data of the high-precision metering module through an ADC channel, configures metering parameters and reads data by means of an SPI bus, synchronizes real-time time with the clock module by means of an I2C bus, and interacts data with the storage module through an I2C interface. In terms of communication, the high-speed host MCU is connected with the communication module through a UART multiplexing interface, and transmits instructions and data with the topology module and the meter reading module through a UART multiplexing interface. In addition, the high-speed host MCU realizes line loss analysis by receiving power pulses of the metering module and combining data of various modules to run an AI algorithm, and the whole system is constructed as a scheduling core through buses and control signals.

[0089] Further, the line loss detection terminal further comprises a power module, the power module comprising an AC unit, a DC / DC unit and an LDO unit.

[0090] The AC unit is configured to convert 220V AC mains into DC power required by the DC / DC unit.

[0091] The DC / DC unit is configured to convert the DC power required by the DC / DC unit into DC voltage required by the line loss detection terminal.

[0092] The LDO unit is configured to convert the DC voltage required by the line loss detection terminal into stable DC voltage.

[0093] As shown in Figure 5As shown, the AC unit adopts an AC-220V circuit, which is used as the working power input of the line loss detection terminal and mainly provides power supply for the entire device. After the AC-220V circuit is connected to the system through the power input terminal, it first suppresses the power grid surge overvoltage through the pressure-sensitive electric RV1 to prevent damage to the rear-end circuit caused by lightning strikes, voltage mutations and other abnormal conditions. Then, through the EMI filter circuit composed of common-mode inductor L1 and X capacitor C1, high-frequency interference signals in the mains are effectively filtered out to purify the power input. Then, through the power transformer T1, the 220V alternating current is stepped down to a suitable low-voltage alternating current, and then rectified and filtered by the rectifier bridge and the capacitor to convert the alternating current into a relatively smooth direct current output, providing a stable input power source for the subsequent DC / DC conversion circuit. At the same time, if Figure 6 As shown, the indicator light LED1 is connected in parallel with the input terminal through the current-limiting resistor R1 to visually display whether the AC-220V power supply is connected, ensuring the safety and reliability of the entire power supply link.

[0094] The DC / DC unit in the circuit is mainly used for the conversion of direct current voltage, which converts one direct current voltage into another or multiple direct current voltages to meet the power supply voltage requirements of different circuits or modules. As shown, Figure 7 As shown, the DC / DC unit receives the DC input after the AC-220V is stepped down, rectified and filtered, and through the step-down topology circuit composed of switching power supply chip, inductor, MOSFET and diode, the input voltage is efficiently converted into a stable direct current voltage required by the system. The feedback network in the circuit collects the output voltage in real time, which is fed back to the control chip through optical coupling isolation, and the PWM duty cycle is adjusted to achieve precise voltage regulation; at the same time, the filter capacitors at the input and output terminals further reduce the ripple, and the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuits prevent abnormal current and voltage surges, ensuring that the control module, metering chip and other loads are provided with efficient, stable and safe direct current power supply.

[0095] As shown, Figure 8 As shown, the LDO unit adopts an LDO 3.3V circuit, which takes 5V direct current converted by the DC / DC unit as the input power, and converts the voltage through the low-dropout linear regulator XC6214P332 to output a stable 3.3V voltage. To ensure stable input voltage, electrolytic capacitors are usually connected in parallel at the input to filter out low-frequency ripples, and electrolytic capacitors and ceramic capacitors are combined at the output to further suppress high-frequency noise and improve voltage stability. This circuit provides low-noise and low-ripple 3.3V direct current power supply for devices such as MCUs and sensors that require high precision power supply, ensuring their reliable operation in a stable voltage environment, while the internal feedback mechanism realizes precise adjustment of the output voltage to meet the power supply requirements of high-precision circuits.

[0096] Furthermore, the high-precision metering module includes a metering current detection unit, a metering voltage detection unit and a metering chip unit, the metering current detection unit and the metering voltage detection unit are connected to the metering chip unit, and the metering chip unit is connected to the high-speed main control MCU;

[0097] The metering current detection unit is used to collect the current signal in the circuit based on the power module;

[0098] The metering voltage detection unit is used to collect the voltage signal in the circuit based on the power module;

[0099] The metering chip unit is used to convert the current signal and the voltage signal into digital signals.

[0100] like Figure 9 As shown, the metering current detection unit operates based on the stable working power provided by the power module. It is connected in series with the line through a current transformer (CT), converting the high current in the line into a proportional small current signal. This is then converted into a voltage signal through a sampling resistor. The signal is then conditioned by circuits such as differential amplification and filtering. The power required for these conditioning circuits is provided by the DC / DC unit and LDO unit in the power module, ensuring the accuracy and stability of current signal acquisition. The final output is a current analog signal that can be processed by the metering chip. This unit supports the simultaneous acquisition of three-phase current (phases A, B, and C), providing basic current dimension data for power calculation.

[0101] like Figure 10 As shown in the figure, the metering voltage detection unit also relies on the power supply module. It is connected in parallel at both ends of the line through a voltage transformer (PT), converting the high voltage in the line into an adaptive low-voltage signal. After further processing by circuits such as voltage division, RC filtering, and operational amplifier, the voltage signal is adjusted to an appropriate range. The normal operation of the circuit in the entire conditioning process is inseparable from the stable DC voltage output by the power module. The processed voltage analog signal is output to the metering chip to achieve accurate acquisition of the line voltage signal.

[0102] like Figure 11 As shown in the figure, the metering chip unit serves as the core processing component, receiving analog signals from the current detection unit and the metering voltage detection unit. The built-in high-precision ADC module converts the analog signals into digital signals. Using internal algorithms, it calculates power parameters such as active power, reactive power, apparent power, power factor, and accumulated energy in real time. It also monitors power quality issues such as voltage sags, overvoltage, and overcurrent. Finally, the calculation results are transmitted to the control module via a communication interface such as SPI, enabling precise metering and analysis of power parameters.

[0103] Furthermore, the communication module includes a 4G unit, a Bluetooth unit and an RS485 unit;

[0104] The 4G unit is used to exchange data with the control module using a preset communication protocol;

[0105] The Bluetooth unit is used for wireless data transmission with external devices;

[0106] The RS485 unit is used for wired communication with external devices based on differential signals.

[0107] like Figure 12-13 As shown in the figure, the 4G unit consists of a power supply and a chip that work together to form a complete communication system. The power supply is provided by an SPX29302 voltage regulator. The ADJ pin is adjusted via a 4.7KΩ resistor (R12) and a 2KΩ resistor divider, maintaining a stable output voltage of 4.154V. A 470μF capacitor is used for filtering to suppress ripple. Resistor current limiting and capacitor energy storage are combined to mitigate grid fluctuations and ensure continuous operation of the 4G unit. For data exchange and control, UART4_4G_TXD is connected to 4G_TXD via 22Ω R17, and UART4_4G_RXD is connected to 4G_RXD via 22Ω R8 for data transmission and reception. P06_4G_RST is connected to the reset terminal via 22Ω R9, and P07_4G_ON / OFF is connected to CTR_4G_ON / OFF via 22Ω R10 for module reset and on / off control. This ensures command transmission and stable module operation, meets the requirements of remote data transmission and command reception in power metering scenarios, and improves the anti-interference capability and reliability of wireless communication. In addition, the 4G unit enhances power supply reliability. Combined with resistor current limiting and capacitor energy storage design, it can maintain continuous operation of the module when the grid voltage fluctuates, improve the stability and anti-interference capability of wireless communication, and is suitable for remote data transmission and command reception needs in power metering scenarios.

[0108] like Figure 14 As shown, the Bluetooth unit is connected to the control module via a UART multiplexing interface, with BLUETOOTH TXD1 and BLUETOOTH RXD1 connected to the MCU pins via 22Ω resistors for data transmission. The module is powered by a V3.3V power supply divided by a 10KΩ resistor, and capacitors are configured for filtering to ensure power stability. Furthermore, the P26_BT_RST pin is connected to the reset terminal of the Bluetooth module via a resistor to implement module reset control. The Bluetooth unit also features a BT_LED2 indicator circuit, connected to V3.3V via a 330Ω resistor to display the Bluetooth connection status. This design enables wireless data transmission between the Bluetooth unit and external devices, meeting local debugging and parameter configuration requirements, and offers low power consumption and convenient connectivity.

[0109] like Figure 15As shown, the RS485 unit takes GM3085E chip as the core, is connected with the control module through UART multiplexing interface, UART3_485_TX and UART3_485_RX are respectively connected with the RO and DI pins of the chip through 10Ω resistors, the DE / RE pin is controlled by the pin of the MCU to switch the half-duplex communication mode, the A / B line is externally connected with 10Ω matching resistors RR2, RR3 and LTVA6.0CGTVS tube, can suppress surge interference, supports Modbus-RTU protocol, realizes 1200 meters long distance communication through differential signal transmission, has multi-node networking capability, has strong anti-interference ability, and can effectively guarantee the stability and reliability of industrial field data transmission.

[0110] Further, the communication module further comprises an RS485 isolation unit connected with the RS485 unit;

[0111] The RS485 isolation unit is used for electrically isolating the RS485 unit from the high-speed host MCU.

[0112] The RS485 isolation unit is used for electrically isolating the RS485 unit from the high-speed host MCU. Figure 16 As shown, the isolation part can realize double isolation of power supply and signal through an isolation chip, and cooperate with filter capacitors and other devices to suppress common mode interference, ensure the stability and safety of RS485 bus data during long distance transmission, and prevent damage of external circuit failure to the host system.

[0113] Further, the line loss detection terminal further comprises a user identity recognition module and a 4G antenna module, the user identity recognition module and the 4G antenna module are connected with the 4G unit;

[0114] The user identity recognition module is used for accessing the mobile communication network.

[0115] The 4G antenna module is used for receiving and transmitting wireless signals.

[0116] The user identity recognition module (SIM) is used for accessing the mobile communication network, and is the core component for accessing the mobile communication network in the circuit diagram. Figure 17As shown, the SIM interface is connected with the 4G unit through a dedicated interface, is provided with stable 3.3V power supply by a power supply circuit, is matched with a filter capacitor to suppress voltage fluctuation, and is protected by a current-limiting resistor in series in a data transmission path. The module completes operator network authentication through a SIM card, supports LTE wireless communication, can realize data interaction between a device and a remote server, is suitable for remote meter reading, device state monitoring and the like, the circuit has a card drop detection and automatic reconnection mechanism to guarantee continuous stability of a communication link.

[0117] The 4G antenna (ANT) module is used for transmitting and receiving wireless signals in the circuit. As shown in Figure 18 The 4G antenna is connected to the interface of the 4G unit through a radio frequency coaxial connector (IPEX), is matched with an impedance matching network composed of an inductor and a capacitor to calibrate the antenna impedance to a standard value of 50Ω, and is integrated with an electrostatic protection device in a radio frequency path. The 4G antenna module can realize efficient transmission and reception of 4G / LTE signals, covers mainstream communication frequency bands, supports outdoor long-distance data transmission, the antenna layout is optimized in combination with a ground plane to reduce signal loss and improve data throughput and communication reliability.

[0118] Further, the meter reading module includes a carrier wave meter reading unit and a line loss analysis unit.

[0119] The carrier wave meter reading unit is configured to read meter data and obtain a line loss rate in combination with the line operation parameters.

[0120] The line loss analysis unit is configured to analyze the line loss position based on the device topology relationship and the line loss rate.

[0121] The meter reading module works in cooperation with the carrier wave meter reading unit and the line loss analysis unit. The carrier wave meter reading unit reads meter data through power line carrier communication technology, accurately calculates a line loss rate in combination with line current, voltage and other operation data, the line loss analysis unit uses big data analysis and intelligent algorithms to deeply mine and analyze the line loss rate based on the device topology relationship, and quickly locates the line loss position. The embodiment not only can reduce errors and costs of manual meter reading, improve meter reading efficiency and data accuracy, but also can help the power department to timely find line faults, electricity stealing behaviors and the like through accurate line loss analysis, effectively reduce power loss, optimize power grid operation efficiency, and improve stability and reliability of power supply.

[0122] The carrier wave meter reading unit establishes a physical connection with a power line through a three-phase carrier wave module interface, and realizes remote reading and transmission of electric energy data by using power line carrier communication technology. The three-phase carrier wave module interface is used for realizing power line carrier communication function in the circuit, as shown in Figure 19As shown, it is connected with three-phase power line through a dedicated connector. The interface integrates signal coupling circuit inside, which can load or extract carrier signal to / from power line, while equipped with filter network to suppress high-frequency interference. The interface interacts with the master control chip through asynchronous serial interface, supports sending and receiving carrier communication data, and is provided with state indication pin and reset control pin for monitoring module working state and performing reset operation.

[0123] In summary, the three-phase carrier module interface utilizes power line as communication medium, realizes long-distance data transmission without additional wiring, has strong anti-power line noise interference ability, is suitable for remote meter reading, device state monitoring and other scenarios in smart grid environment, and can effectively reduce system wiring cost and improve communication reliability.

[0124] Further, the line loss detection terminal further comprises an LED module and a remote upgrade module, both of which are connected with the high-speed master control MCU;

[0125] The LED module is used to display the running state of the line loss detection terminal.

[0126] The remote upgrade module is used to receive upgrade instructions and perform remote upgrade processing on the line loss detection terminal.

[0127] The LED module is controlled through the pins of the high-speed master control MCU, and is usually composed of multiple LED lights of different colors (such as red, green and yellow). Each LED light is connected with the MCU pin through a series current-limiting resistor to avoid overcurrent damage. For example, the red LED can be used to indicate power abnormality or fault alarm, the green LED can be used to display normal running state of the device, and the yellow LED can be used to prompt communication connection state. When the device is running, the MCU controls the brightness and flicker frequency of the LED according to the internal program logic to intuitively and visually convey the working state of the device to the user. The LED module of the present embodiment can quickly and intuitively feedback the running state of the device, which facilitates the operation and maintenance personnel to judge whether the device is working normally in time, greatly improves the fault troubleshooting efficiency, and reduces the maintenance cost.

[0128] The remote upgrade module is connected with the high-speed master MCU through a UART or SPI communication interface, and data interaction with a remote server is realized by means of the communication module. After receiving an upgrade instruction from the server, the remote upgrade module first analyzes and verifies the instruction, and after confirming that the instruction is correct, transmits the firmware data required for upgrading to the MCU, and the MCU performs operations such as erasing and writing on the internally stored firmware according to a predetermined upgrade procedure, to complete the entire remote upgrade process. The embodiment breaks the limitation that traditional devices need to be upgraded by personnel on site, so that the device can complete firmware updating and function optimization remotely, not only greatly improving the convenience and efficiency of device maintenance, but also timely repairing software vulnerabilities, adding new functions, effectively prolonging the service life of the device, reducing the labor and time costs caused by device upgrading, and at the same time, enhancing the scalability and adaptability of the device, so that it can better meet the changing business needs.

[0129] The embodiment also includes pulse signal, reactive switching, zero-cross detection (Zero-Cross), voltage test point (VOLTTEST), debug interface (Debug), serial wire debug (SWD), crystal oscillator (XTAL), power board interface, voltage translation (Voltage Translation), and the like.

[0130] As shown in Figure 20 , the pulse signal is an electric energy pulse output by a high-precision metering module, which provides a high-precision electric energy metering interface, and the MCU realizes electric energy accumulation by counting the number of pulses, with an error of ≤0.5%, while supporting anti-theft detection. The electric energy pulse is usually a square wave signal isolated by an optical coupler, and the frequency is proportional to the electric energy consumption.

[0131] The reactive switching circuit is used for compensating the reactive power of the power grid, as shown in Figure 21 , a control signal is output through a pin of the MCU, drives the transistor LMBT2222 through a 1KΩ resistor R9, and then controls the on-off of the relay HF49FD, to realize the switching of the compensation capacitor. The reactive switching circuit can monitor the power factor of the power grid in real time, and when the power factor is lower than 0.9, the MCU triggers the relay to close the compensation capacitor, to improve the power factor to above 0.95, reduce the line loss by about 15%, and at the same time, has overvoltage protection and zero-voltage switching functions, to reduce electromagnetic interference during switching.

[0132] The Zero-Cross circuit is used for detecting the phase zero point of alternating current, as shown in Figure 22 , the Zero-Cross circuit detects the zero-crossing point of alternating current through an operational amplifier and an optical coupler LTV-816S-TAI-D, and generates a square wave signal for phase synchronization control, which can reduce switching loss and electromagnetic interference, and is suitable for reactive power compensation and the like.

[0133] VOLTTEST is a dedicated interface for detecting the voltage of each node in the circuit, usually in the form of exposed pads or pins. As shown in Figure 23 , VOLTTEST is connected to the circuit through a current-limiting resistor and a filter capacitor for measuring the voltage of each node, facilitating debugging and fault location, and ensuring device safety.

[0134] As shown in Figure 24 , Debug uses the SWD protocol, supporting program download, breakpoint debugging, and register monitoring through debuggers such as ST-Link. For example, in three-phase carrier communication debugging, the power line signal strength register value can be read in real time. In addition, only two wires are needed for efficient debugging, saving pins and achieving a rate of 10MHz, supporting low-power troubleshooting, and improving development and maintenance efficiency.

[0135] As shown in Figure 25 , the SWD interface only uses SWDIO and SWCLK two signal lines to connect with MCU pins, and configures a 10KΩ pull-up resistor to stabilize the voltage level. It supports 10MHz high-speed debugging, saves I / O pins compared to JTAG, and can be programmed online, breakpoint debugging, and monitoring system status through a debugger, improving embedded development and troubleshooting efficiency.

[0136] As shown in Figure 26 , XTAL is divided into two types: 32.768kHz and 8MHz. The former provides high-precision timing through a 12pF capacitor connected to the RTC chip, providing a high-precision timing reference for the device, with an error controlled within ±2ppm, ensuring accurate time display for the clock module. The latter is multiplied to 48MHz by PLL to provide stable clock signals for CPU, UART, etc., ensuring accurate timing for data transmission and instruction execution, avoiding communication errors and program running disorder.

[0137] As shown in Figure 27 , To Power Board is the interface connecting the main control board and the power board, i.e. the power board interface, usually in the form of a connector. The power board converts 220V AC power into 5.6V DC power through an AC-DC conversion circuit, and then stabilizes it to 3.3V through an LDO voltage regulator. This interface provides independent and stable power supply for each module, effectively reducing power interference between modules, improving system stability and anti-interference ability, and ensuring reliable operation of metering, communication, and other functions.

[0138] Voltage Translation circuit is used to realize signal level conversion between different voltage domains, ensuring stable communication across voltage systems. As shown in Figure 28As shown, taking the communication between the 4G unit and the MCU in the figure as an example, the 4G unit works in the 3.8V voltage domain, while the MCU is 3.3V, and signal adaptation is realized through a bidirectional level converter. The converter is internally integrated with a MOSFET switch, when the 3.3V side MCU sends a signal, the signal is lifted to 3.8V through a pull-up resistor; when receiving, the 3.8V signal is converted to 3.3V through a voltage dividing network. This circuit effectively avoids signal distortion or device damage caused by voltage mismatch, supports a data transmission rate of up to 100Mbps, ensures reliable transmission of 4G communication instructions, and improves the compatibility and stability of cross-voltage systems.

[0139] The line loss position positioning process is specifically:

[0140] Firstly, the data collected by the device will be preliminarily processed by the high-speed master MCU, and then transmitted to the meter reading module; secondly, the topology module identifies the topology relationship between devices and constructs the topology structure of the power grid; thirdly, the carrier meter reading unit of the meter reading module reads the meter data, which is used to compare with the line parameters collected by the metering module to calculate the loss rate of each section of line; finally, the line loss analysis unit of the meter reading module uses AI algorithm to conduct in-depth topology analysis and line loss analysis based on the topology structure and line loss rate data, and identifies the line loss abnormal area by analyzing the electrical characteristics and power distribution of the line, so as to accurately locate the line loss position.

[0141] In summary, the present application is mainly applied to line loss monitoring and analysis of low-voltage distribution network in power system. In the daily operation and maintenance of the distribution network, the line loss of the line can be monitored in real time, and the line loss abnormal area can be found in time to provide data support for line reconstruction and optimization; in the power grid planning and construction, the historical line loss data are analyzed to reasonably plan the power grid layout and improve the operation efficiency and reliability of the power grid.

[0142] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application can take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROMs, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0143] The computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. Figure 1 one or more flow or blocks Figure 1 one or more flow or blocks

[0144] The computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. Figure 1 one or more flow or blocks Figure 1 one or more flow or blocks

[0145] The computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. Figure 1 one or more flow or blocks Figure 1 one or more flow or blocks

[0146] Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than limit the technical solutions of the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or equivalent replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and any modification or equivalent replacement should be covered in the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A line loss detection terminal, characterized in that: include: Control module, high-precision metering module, clock module, storage module, communication module, topology module and meter reading module; The control module is used to control the high-precision metering module, the clock module, the storage module, the communication module, the topology module and the meter reading module; The high-precision metering module is used to collect line operation parameters; The clock module is used to receive external time calibration signals and record the timestamp of the acquisition line operation parameters; The storage module is used to classify and store the line operation parameters; The communication module is used to exchange data with the control module according to a preset communication protocol; The topology module is used to modulate and demodulate the topology identification signal and establish the device topology relationship; The meter reading module is used to obtain the line loss location based on the device topology relationship using the meter data and the line operation parameters.

2. A line loss detection terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module adopts a high-speed main control MCU, which is connected to the high-precision metering module through an analog-to-digital converter. The high-speed main control MCU is connected to the communication module, the topology module, and the meter reading module through a UART multiplexing interface. The high-speed main control MCU is connected to the clock module and the storage module through an I2C bus.

3. A line loss detection terminal according to claim 2, characterized in that: The line loss detection terminal further includes a power supply module, which includes an AC unit, a DC / DC unit and an LDO unit; The AC unit is used to convert the 220V AC mains power into the DC power required by the DC / DC unit; The DC / DC unit is used to convert the DC power required by the DC / DC unit into the DC voltage required by the line loss detection terminal; The LDO unit is used to convert the DC voltage required by the line loss detection terminal into a stable DC voltage.

4. A line loss detection terminal according to claim 3, characterized in that: The high-precision metering module includes a metering current detection unit, a metering voltage detection unit and a metering chip unit, wherein the metering current detection unit and the metering voltage detection unit are connected to the metering chip unit, and the metering chip unit is connected to the high-speed main control MCU; The metering current detection unit is used to collect the current signal in the circuit based on the power module; The metering voltage detection unit is used to collect the voltage signal in the circuit based on the power module; The metering chip unit is used to convert the current signal and the voltage signal into digital signals.

5. The line loss detection terminal according to claim 2, characterized in that: The communication module includes a 4G unit, a Bluetooth unit and an RS485 unit; The 4G unit is used to exchange data with the control module using a preset communication protocol; The Bluetooth unit is used for wireless data transmission with external devices; The RS485 unit is used for wired communication with external devices based on differential signals.

6. The line loss detection terminal according to claim 5, characterized in that: The communication module also includes an RS485 isolation unit connected to the RS485 unit; The RS485 isolation unit is used to electrically isolate the RS485 unit from the high-speed main control MCU.

7. The line loss detection terminal according to claim 6, characterized in that: The line loss detection terminal further includes a user identity recognition module and a 4G antenna module, both of which are connected to the 4G unit; The user identity recognition module is used to access the mobile communication network; The 4G antenna module is used to send and receive wireless signals.

8. The line loss detection terminal according to claim 2, characterized in that: The meter reading module includes a carrier meter reading unit and a line loss analysis unit; The carrier meter reading unit is used to read the meter data and obtain the line loss rate in combination with the line operation parameters; The line loss analysis unit is used to analyze the device topology relationship and the line loss rate to obtain the line loss position.

9. The line loss detection terminal according to claim 2, characterized in that: The line loss detection terminal further includes an LED module and a remote upgrade module, both of which are connected to the high-speed main control MCU; The LED module is used to display the operating status of the line loss detection terminal; The remote upgrade module is used to receive an upgrade instruction and perform remote upgrade processing on the line loss detection terminal.

Images