A BIM-based collaborative control system for high-fill open-cut tunnel construction

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology, specifically to a collaborative control system for high-fill open-cut tunnel construction based on BIM collaboration. The system includes a multi-source sensing and acquisition module, a BIM digital twin coordination module, an intelligent decision-making module, an execution control and feedback module, and a signal execution module. This invention collects various data from the construction site in real time and performs dynamic real-time modeling using a BIM digital twin model. The system generates control signals based on real-time data analysis, promptly identifying and locating hazardous areas on the construction site, effectively reducing safety risks during construction and ensuring the stability and safety of the construction process. This invention performs in-depth analysis of construction site data, calculates key construction indicators in real time, generates machinery scheduling schemes, and generates specific control signals for filling machinery, trigger signals for the support system, and adjustment signals for drainage equipment, enabling precise scheduling of construction machinery according to actual needs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building information modeling technology, specifically to a collaborative control system for the construction of high-fill open-cut tunnels based on BIM collaboration. Background Technology

[0002] Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a digital modeling technology that creates digital representations of buildings or infrastructure, comprehensively integrating and managing various types of information throughout the project lifecycle, including detailed data on design, construction, operation, and maintenance. BIM technology has gradually become an important tool in the construction industry, transforming traditional information management and collaborative work methods and driving the intelligentization and modernization of construction projects.

[0003] Although the construction industry has widely adopted Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology and made significant progress in improving construction efficiency, reducing construction errors, and enhancing design accuracy, the application of existing technologies in complex projects such as high-fill tunnel construction still faces some problems and shortcomings. Although BIM has been widely used in design and construction management, information is often in a state of silos due to the different systems and platforms used by different construction stages and participating parties, resulting in data not being able to be seamlessly shared among all parties.

[0004] Secondly, in complex construction sites, especially in projects with high soil instability and complex environmental conditions such as high-fill open-cut tunnel construction, traditional systems are often unable to accurately analyze geomechanical parameters, environmental factors, and structural responses in real time. This leads to the inability to identify potential hazardous areas or construction anomalies in a timely manner. The lack of dynamic monitoring and timely early warning mechanisms can easily lead to the accumulation of safety hazards and construction delays.

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, it is necessary to propose a collaborative control system for the construction of high-fill open-cut tunnels based on BIM collaboration. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems existing in the background technology and to propose a collaborative control system for high-fill open-cut tunnel construction based on BIM collaboration.

[0007] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] This invention provides a collaborative control system for high-fill open-cut tunnel construction based on BIM collaboration, including a multi-source sensing and acquisition module, a BIM digital twin coordination module, an intelligent decision-making module, an execution control and feedback module, and a signal execution module.

[0009] The multi-source sensing and acquisition module accesses the geological exploration report and the distributed sensor group deployed at the construction site to collect real-time geomechanical parameters, environmental parameters and structural response data of each section of the construction site; it accesses the mechanical control and scheduling backend of the construction site to collect construction machinery data at the high-fill open-cut tunnel construction site; and it accesses cameras to obtain real-time video of the construction site, collecting raw data for the dynamic digital mapping of the physical world.

[0010] The distributed sensor group includes pore water pressure gauges, water level gauges, earth pressure cells, displacement sensors, fiber optic sensors, strain gauges, GPS positioning sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and vibration sensors, which are deployed at dangerous sections of various sections of the construction site.

[0011] Among them, the geomechanical parameters include pore water pressure p pore (t, k), groundwater height H pore (t, k), soil pressure σ soil (t, k), vibration angular frequency ω(t, k), soil displacement u(t, k), internal friction angle φ of each soil layer, elastic modulus D of each soil layer, soil void ratio coefficient α(t, k) and settlement Δh(t, k);

[0012] Among them, the environmental parameters include temperature T(t, k), humidity H(t, k) and rainfall R(t, k);

[0013] The structural response data includes the concrete stress σ of the tunnel lining structure. concrete (t), Reinforcement strain ε steel (t) and joint deformation ΔD(t);

[0014] Where t is the data acquisition time, k is the construction section number, and k = 1, 2, ..., K; k is the total construction section.

[0015] The construction machinery data includes the machinery type number M(i), the vibration frequency f(i) of the compaction machinery, the travel speed v(i), and the coordinates of its location [x(i), y(i), z(i)]. Here, i is the construction machinery number, i = 1, 2, ..., n.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the position coordinates of each sensor in the distributed sensor group are obtained.

[0017] The BIM digital twin coordination module constructs a two-layer digital twin model based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology. This includes a target-layer digital twin model built using the structural design drawings for the high-fill open-cut tunnel construction, and a reality-layer digital twin model built through photogrammetry and model generation of real-time video from the construction site. A 3D spatial coordinate system and a time axis are constructed within the reality-layer BIM digital twin model. The 3D spatial coordinate system records the virtual mapping of the construction site at various moments, while the time axis records the changes in this virtual mapping as construction progresses.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, during the construction of the target layer digital twin model, the design element information of the tunnel structure, support facilities, drainage system, slope protection and construction backfill of each structure in the high-fill open tunnel construction structure design drawings is captured and BIM modeled to obtain three-dimensional digital models of all structures. These models are then precisely placed according to their positions in the high-fill open tunnel construction structure design drawings, and three-dimensional spatial coordinates are established to determine the position and spatial relationship of each three-dimensional digital model in the target layer digital twin model.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, during the construction of the reality-layer digital twin model, photogrammetry, point cloud modeling, image recognition, and dynamic modeling are performed based on data collected from multiple sources on-site and construction videos to obtain digital models of each structure at its current construction stage. A three-dimensional spatial coordinate system identical to that of the target-layer digital twin model is embedded in the reality-layer digital twin model to determine the position and spatial relationship of the digital model of each structure at its current construction stage within the target-layer digital twin model.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a timeline is established in the digital twin model of the real-world layer to record the spatial structural state and construction process evolution at each stage of construction in real time, thereby realizing virtual mapping and temporal modeling of the construction site.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the digital twin model of the real-world layer, the geomechanical parameters, environmental parameters and structural response data of each section of the construction site are collected and input into the corresponding positions in the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system according to the position coordinates of each sensor.

[0022] The intelligent decision-making module calculates three key construction indicators in real time through the analysis of geomechanical parameters, environmental parameters, and structural response data: the settlement of the fill in high-fill open-cut tunnel construction, the distribution of the plastic zone of the support structure, and the changes in the pore water pressure field caused by rainfall infiltration. A multi-field coupled solver is constructed, including a Biot consolidation and soil correction joint model, a concrete damage plasticity model, and a rainfall and settlement rate influence model. The Biot consolidation and soil correction joint model is used to solve for the effective stress field and soil displacement field; a concrete damage plasticity model is constructed to solve for the damage characteristic values ​​of concrete; and a rainfall and settlement rate influence model is constructed to solve for the critical settlement rate of the soil.

[0023] Construct a multi-field coupled solver, including a Biot consolidation and soil correction joint model, a concrete damage and plasticity model, and a model of the influence of rainfall and settlement rate;

[0024] The Biot consolidation and soil correction combined model is as follows:

[0025]

[0026] in, represents the plastic stress of the soil, indicating the volumetric stress of the soil. Among them... Let be the shear stress of the soil, and represent the shear force of the soil; where M is the yield material parameter of the soil to be solved; and η is the preset plastic response coefficient of the soil.

[0027] The formulas for calculating the plastic stress and shear stress of soil are:

[0028] in, The gradient operator is used to describe the variation of a field quantity in space. Let be the soil displacement field to be solved; D be the soil elastic modulus; where α(t, k) is the soil void ratio coefficient, ρ is the soil density of the soil layer, g is the gravitational acceleration; and τ is the preset external environmental influence coefficient.

[0029] Where t is time, T is the preset soil permeability constant, and γ is the preset permeability coefficient;

[0030] Where C is a preset material parameter, representing the soil stiffness, σ'(t, k) is the time t to be solved, and the characteristic effective stress of construction section k;

[0031] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the characteristic effective stress field and soil displacement field of construction section k at time t are solved by the Biot consolidation and soil correction joint model. Specifically, the specific values ​​of the effective stress and soil displacement field at the location of each sensor are obtained. These specific values ​​are then input into the real-world digital twin model according to the location of each sensor, and the effective stress contour lines and soil displacement contour lines are drawn respectively.

[0032] The concrete damage-plastic model is as follows:

[0033] dt = 1 - e -βt(εt-ε0)

[0034] Where dt is the characteristic value of concrete damage to be solved, representing the degree of concrete damage; εt is the real-time strain of concrete, and ε0 is the initial strain of concrete. β is a preset concrete damage coefficient, representing the relationship between the real-time strain and the degree of damage.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the damage characteristic values ​​of the concrete in each construction section k are recorded at each time t, and a concrete damage characteristic value-time diagram, i.e., a dt-t diagram, is plotted.

[0036] The specific model for the influence of rainfall on settlement rate is as follows:

[0037]

[0038] Among them, v crit λ represents the critical settlement rate of the soil under the current rainfall conditions. H is the soil layer thickness, and λ is a preset time decay factor; where c... v The consolidation coefficient of the soil represents its drainage capacity.

[0039] Where α rain is the infiltration coefficient, and d is the preset correlation coefficient between soil permeability and rainfall, controlling the sensitivity of the soil response to rainfall. Wherein, I 60 The intensity of rainfall is measured in terms of rainfall within 60 minutes.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the critical settlement rate v of the soil in each construction section k is solved by using a rainfall and settlement rate influence model. crit And input the digital twin model of the reality layer to plot the critical settlement rate v of the soil. crit Contour lines.

[0041] The execution control and feedback module performs logical judgments and numerical analyses on the effective stress field, soil displacement field, concrete damage characteristic value-time diagram, and critical settlement rate contour lines. It locates the danger zone in the digital twin model of the reality layer, matches the preset control and adjustment signals, and sends them to each construction equipment in the danger zone.

[0042] The intelligent decision-making module outputs time t, characteristic effective stress field, soil displacement field, concrete damage characteristic value-time diagram, and critical settlement rate contour line for each construction section k. Logical operations are then performed to match the preset control and adjustment signal. The specific process is as follows:

[0043] For the characteristic effective stress field and soil displacement field, the region in the effective stress field where the effective stress is lower than the preset threshold is recorded as the low effective stress danger region; the region in the soil displacement field where the soil displacement is greater than the preset threshold is recorded as the large soil displacement danger region.

[0044] Low effective stress hazard areas and large soil displacement hazard areas are designated as Class I landslide hazard areas.

[0045] The overlapping area between the low effective stress hazard zone and the large soil displacement hazard zone is recorded as the secondary landslide hazard zone.

[0046] Send filling machinery control signals to all construction machinery within the first-level landslide hazard area.

[0047] Construction machinery and personnel are prohibited from entering the secondary landslide hazard zone. Pressure loading signals are sent to all hydraulic support rods within the secondary landslide hazard zone.

[0048] For the concrete damage characteristic value-time map, if the concrete damage characteristic value dt is greater than a preset threshold, it is determined that the concrete damage in that area is rapidly increasing and is marked as a concrete damage hazard area. Enhanced monitoring signals are then sent to cameras and construction machinery within the concrete damage hazard area.

[0049] For the critical settlement rate contour lines, areas where the critical settlement rate exceeds a preset threshold are identified. These areas are deemed to have a potential safety hazard in terms of soil settlement rate under current rainfall conditions and are designated as abnormal settlement hazard zones. Drainage equipment adjustment signals are then sent to the drainage systems within these abnormal settlement hazard zones.

[0050] The signal execution module executes all generated control and adjustment signals, converting them into physical actions. It converts filling machinery control signals into compaction frequency and compaction actions of the construction machinery; pressure loading signals into hydraulic support rod pressure loading actions; enhanced monitoring signals into camera monitoring actions; and drainage equipment adjustment signals into vacuum pump start / stop thresholds, optimizing and controlling the risks of high-fill open-cut tunnel construction.

[0051] When the construction machinery receives the control signal from the filling machinery, it immediately reduces the compaction frequency and speed until it finally stops compaction to reduce disturbance to the soil.

[0052] When the hydraulic support rod receives the pressure loading signal, it increases the support force output of the hydraulic support rod in the soil support structure to the preset value, thereby increasing the support pressure on the soil.

[0053] Once the camera receives the enhanced monitoring signal, it begins 24-hour monitoring of the concrete structure within its field of view and outputs the results to the display terminal.

[0054] When the drainage system receives the adjustment signal from the drainage equipment, it opens the vacuum pump and all drainage valves to prevent excessive settlement caused by excessive soil moisture content.

[0055] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0056] 1. This invention integrates a multi-source sensing and acquisition module and an intelligent decision-making module to collect various data from the construction site in real time, including geomechanical parameters, environmental parameters, and structural response data, and performs dynamic real-time modeling using a BIM digital twin model. The system generates control signals based on real-time data analysis to promptly identify and locate hazardous areas at the construction site, such as landslide hazard areas, concrete damage hazard areas, and settlement hazard areas. By accurately identifying hazardous areas and sending corresponding control signals, such as control signals for filling machinery, pressure loading signals for hydraulic support rods, and adjustment signals for drainage equipment, the system can effectively reduce safety risks during construction and ensure the stability and safety of the construction process.

[0057] 2. This invention utilizes an intelligent decision-making module to perform in-depth analysis of construction site data, calculate key construction indicators in real time, and generate machinery scheduling plans. Based on real-time data, the intelligent decision-making module dynamically adjusts the operating status of construction machinery, generating specific control signals for filling machinery, trigger signals for the support system, and adjustment signals for drainage equipment. This allows for precise scheduling of construction machinery according to actual needs. For example, when the system detects excessive soil displacement or insufficient effective stress, it automatically adjusts the compaction frequency and speed of the filling machinery to enhance soil stability; and when it detects a heavy load on the support system, it promptly triggers the pressure loading signal of the hydraulic support rods. This process ensures the efficient utilization of construction machinery and equipment, thereby improving overall construction efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0058] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0059] Figure 1 This is a system block diagram of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the target layer digital twin model proposed in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the reality layer digital twin model proposed in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 4 This is a time-time graph of concrete damage characteristics proposed in the embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0064] Please see Figure 1 As shown, a collaborative control system for high-fill open-cut tunnel construction based on BIM collaboration includes a multi-source sensing and acquisition module, a BIM digital twin coordination module, an intelligent decision-making module, an execution control and feedback module, and a signal execution module.

[0065] The multi-source sensing and acquisition module accesses the geological exploration report and the distributed sensor group deployed at the construction site to collect real-time geomechanical parameters, environmental parameters and structural response data of each section of the construction site; it accesses the mechanical control and scheduling backend of the construction site to collect construction machinery data at the high-fill open-cut tunnel construction site; and it accesses cameras to obtain real-time video of the construction site, collecting raw data for the dynamic digital mapping of the physical world.

[0066] The distributed sensor group includes pore water pressure gauges, water level gauges, earth pressure cells, displacement sensors, fiber optic sensors, strain gauges, GPS positioning sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and vibration sensors, which are deployed at dangerous sections of various sections of the construction site.

[0067] Among them, the geomechanical parameters include pore water pressure p pore (t, k), groundwater height H pore (t, k), soil pressure σ soil (t, k), vibration angular frequency ω(t, k), soil displacement u(t, k), internal friction angle φ of each soil layer, elastic modulus D of each soil layer, soil void ratio coefficient α(t, k) and settlement Δh(t, k);

[0068] Among them, the environmental parameters include temperature T(t, k), humidity H(t, k) and rainfall R(t, k);

[0069] The structural response data includes the concrete stress σ of the tunnel lining structure. concrete (t), Reinforcement strain ε steel (t) and joint deformation ΔD(t);

[0070] Where t is the data acquisition time, k is the construction section number, and k = 1, 2, ..., K; K is the total construction section.

[0071] The construction machinery data includes the machinery type number M(i), the vibration frequency f(i), the travel speed v(i), and the location coordinates [x(i), y(i), z(i)]. Here, i is the construction machinery number, i = 1, 2, ..., n; n is the maximum value of the construction machinery number.

[0072] Furthermore, the position coordinates of each sensor in the distributed sensor group are obtained.

[0073] The BIM digital twin coordination module constructs a two-layer digital twin model based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology. This includes a target-layer digital twin model built using the structural design drawings for the high-fill open-cut tunnel construction, and a reality-layer digital twin model built through photogrammetry and model generation of real-time video from the construction site. A 3D spatial coordinate system and a time axis are constructed within the reality-layer BIM digital twin model. The 3D spatial coordinate system records the virtual mapping of the construction site at various moments, while the time axis records the changes in this virtual mapping as construction progresses.

[0074] Please see Figure 2 As shown, during the construction of the target layer digital twin model, the design element information of the tunnel structure, support facilities, drainage system, slope protection and construction backfill, including the dimensions, shape, location, material type and construction stage of each structure contained in the high-fill open tunnel construction structure design drawings, is captured for BIM modeling. This results in the three-dimensional digital models of all structures, which are then precisely placed according to their positions in the high-fill open tunnel construction structure design drawings. Three-dimensional spatial coordinates are established to determine the position and spatial relationship of each three-dimensional digital model in the target layer digital twin model.

[0075] Please see Figure 3 As shown, in the construction process of the reality layer digital twin model, photogrammetry, point cloud modeling, image recognition, and dynamic modeling are performed based on data collected from multiple sources on-site and construction videos to obtain digital models of each structure at its current construction stage. The same three-dimensional spatial coordinate system as the target layer digital twin model is embedded in the reality layer digital twin model to determine the position and spatial relationship of the digital model of each structure at its current construction stage within the target layer digital twin model.

[0076] Furthermore, a timeline is established in the digital twin model of the real-world layer to record the spatial structural state and construction process evolution at each stage of construction in real time, thereby realizing virtual mapping and temporal modeling of the construction site.

[0077] Furthermore, in the digital twin model of the reality layer, the geomechanical parameters, environmental parameters, and structural response data of each section of the construction site are collected and input into the corresponding positions in the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system according to the position coordinates of each sensor.

[0078] The intelligent decision-making module calculates three key construction indicators in real time through the analysis of geomechanical parameters, environmental parameters, and structural response data: the settlement of the fill in high-fill open-cut tunnel construction, the distribution of the plastic zone of the support structure, and the changes in the pore water pressure field caused by rainfall infiltration. A multi-field coupled solver is constructed, including a Biot consolidation and soil correction joint model, a concrete damage plasticity model, and a rainfall and settlement rate influence model. The Biot consolidation and soil correction joint model is used to solve for the effective stress field and soil displacement field; a concrete damage plasticity model is constructed to solve for the damage characteristic values ​​of concrete; and a rainfall and settlement rate influence model is constructed to solve for the critical settlement rate of the soil.

[0079] Construct a multi-field coupled solver, including a Biot consolidation and soil correction joint model, a concrete damage and plasticity model, and a model of the influence of rainfall and settlement rate;

[0080] The Biot consolidation and soil correction combined model is as follows:

[0081]

[0082] in, represents the plastic stress of the soil, indicating the volumetric stress of the soil. Among them... Let be the shear stress of the soil, and represent the shear force of the soil; where M is the yield material parameter of the soil to be solved; and η is the preset plastic response coefficient of the soil.

[0083] The formulas for calculating the plastic stress and shear stress of soil are:

[0084] in, The gradient operator is used to describe the variation of a field quantity in space. Let be the soil displacement field to be solved; D be the soil elastic modulus; where α(t, k) is the soil void ratio coefficient, ρ is the soil density of the soil layer, g is the gravitational acceleration; and τ is the preset external environmental influence coefficient.

[0085] Where t is time, T is the preset soil permeability constant, and γ is the preset permeability coefficient;

[0086] Where C is a preset material parameter, representing the soil stiffness, σ'(t, k) is the time t to be solved, and the characteristic effective stress of construction section k;

[0087] The characteristic effective stress field and soil displacement field of construction section k at time t are solved by the Biot consolidation and soil correction joint model. Specifically, the specific values ​​of the effective stress and soil displacement field at the location of each sensor are obtained. These specific values ​​are then input into the real-layer digital twin model according to the location of each sensor, and the effective stress contour lines and soil displacement contour lines are drawn respectively.

[0088] The concrete damage-plastic model is as follows:

[0089] dt = 1 - e -βt(εt-ε0)

[0090] Where dt is the characteristic value of concrete damage to be solved, representing the degree of concrete damage; εt is the real-time strain of concrete, and ε0 is the initial strain of concrete. β is a preset concrete damage coefficient, representing the relationship between the real-time strain and the degree of damage.

[0091] Please see Figure 4 As shown, the damage characteristic values ​​of concrete in each construction section k are recorded at each time t, and a concrete damage characteristic value-time graph, i.e., dt-t graph, is plotted.

[0092] The specific model for the influence of rainfall on settlement rate is as follows:

[0093]

[0094] Among them, v crit λ represents the critical settlement rate of the soil under the current rainfall conditions. H is the soil layer thickness, and λ is a preset time decay factor; where c... v The consolidation coefficient of the soil represents its drainage capacity.

[0095] Where α rain is the infiltration coefficient, and d is the preset correlation coefficient between soil permeability and rainfall, controlling the sensitivity of the soil response to rainfall. Wherein, I 60 The intensity of rainfall is measured in terms of rainfall within 60 minutes.

[0096] Furthermore, the critical settlement rate v of the soil in each construction section k is solved using a model that considers the influence of rainfall and settlement rate. crit And input the digital twin model of the reality layer to plot the critical settlement rate v of the soil. crit Contour lines.

[0097] The execution control and feedback module performs logical judgments and numerical analyses on the effective stress field, soil displacement field, concrete damage characteristic value-time diagram, and critical settlement rate contour lines. It locates the danger zone in the digital twin model of the reality layer, matches the preset control and adjustment signals, and sends them to each construction equipment in the danger zone.

[0098] The intelligent decision-making module outputs time t, characteristic effective stress field, soil displacement field, concrete damage characteristic value-time diagram, and critical settlement rate contour line for each construction section k. Logical operations are then performed to match the preset control and adjustment signal. The specific process is as follows:

[0099] For the characteristic effective stress field and soil displacement field, the region in the effective stress field where the effective stress is lower than the preset threshold is recorded as the low effective stress danger region; the region in the soil displacement field where the soil displacement is greater than the preset threshold is recorded as the large soil displacement danger region.

[0100] Low effective stress hazard areas and large soil displacement hazard areas are designated as Class I landslide hazard areas.

[0101] The overlapping area between the low effective stress hazard zone and the large soil displacement hazard zone is recorded as the secondary landslide hazard zone.

[0102] Send filling machinery control signals to all construction machinery within the first-level landslide hazard area.

[0103] Construction machinery and personnel are prohibited from entering the secondary landslide hazard zone. Pressure loading signals are sent to all hydraulic support rods within the secondary landslide hazard zone.

[0104] For the concrete damage characteristic value-time map, if the concrete damage characteristic value dt is greater than a preset threshold, it is determined that the concrete damage in that area is rapidly increasing and is marked as a concrete damage hazard area. Enhanced monitoring signals are then sent to cameras and construction machinery within the concrete damage hazard area.

[0105] For the critical settlement rate contour lines, areas where the critical settlement rate exceeds a preset threshold are identified. These areas are deemed to have a potential safety hazard in terms of soil settlement rate under current rainfall conditions and are designated as abnormal settlement hazard zones. Drainage equipment adjustment signals are then sent to the drainage systems within these abnormal settlement hazard zones.

[0106] The signal execution module executes all generated control and adjustment signals, converting them into physical actions. It converts filling machinery control signals into compaction frequency and compaction actions of the construction machinery; pressure loading signals into hydraulic support rod pressure loading actions; enhanced monitoring signals into camera monitoring actions; and drainage equipment adjustment signals into vacuum pump start / stop thresholds, optimizing and controlling the risks of high-fill open-cut tunnel construction.

[0107] When the construction machinery receives the control signal from the filling machinery, it immediately reduces the compaction frequency and speed until it finally stops compaction to reduce disturbance to the soil.

[0108] When the hydraulic support rod receives the pressure loading signal, it increases the support force output of the hydraulic support rod in the soil support structure to the preset value, thereby increasing the support pressure on the soil.

[0109] Once the camera receives the enhanced monitoring signal, it begins 24-hour monitoring of the concrete structure within its field of view and outputs the results to the display terminal.

[0110] When the drainage system receives the adjustment signal from the drainage equipment, it opens the vacuum pump and all drainage valves to prevent excessive settlement caused by excessive soil moisture content.

[0111] It should be understood that the terms “comprising” and “including” used in this disclosure and claims indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0112] It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the disclosure. As used in this disclosure and claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this disclosure and claims means any combination and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes such combinations;

[0113] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to any specific implementation. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A high fill tunnel construction collaborative control system based on BIM collaboration, comprising a multi-source perception acquisition module, a BIM digital twin coordination module and an intelligent decision module, characterized in that: the multi-source perception acquisition module accesses the geological exploration report of the construction site and the distributed sensor group arranged in the construction site, and real-time collects the geomechanical parameters, environmental parameters and structural response data of each section of the construction site; accesses the mechanical control scheduling background of the construction site, and collects the construction machinery data of the high fill tunnel construction site; accesses the camera to obtain the real-time video of the construction site, and collects the original data for dynamic digital mapping of the physical world; The BIM digital twin coordination module constructs a double-layer digital twin model based on building information modeling technology, including a target layer digital twin model constructed by high fill tunnel construction structure design drawings, and a reality layer digital twin model constructed by photogrammetry and model generation on the real-time video of the construction site; a 3D space coordinate system and a time axis are constructed in the reality layer BIM digital twin model, the virtual mapping of the construction site at each time is recorded through the 3D space coordinate system, and the change of the virtual mapping of the construction site with the construction time advancing is recorded through the time axis; The intelligent decision module calculates three key construction indicators in real time through analysis of geomechanical parameters, environmental parameters and structural response data, including fill body settlement of high fill tunnel construction, plastic zone distribution of supporting structure and pore water pressure field change caused by rainfall infiltration; a multi-field coupled solver is constructed, including a Biot consolidation and soil correction combined model, a concrete damage plasticity model and a rainfall and settlement rate influence model; the effective stress field and soil displacement field are solved by the Biot consolidation and soil correction combined model; the concrete damage eigenvalue is solved by the concrete damage plasticity model; the critical settlement rate of soil is solved by the rainfall and settlement rate influence model; It also includes an execution control and feedback module and a signal execution module; The execution control and feedback module performs logical judgment and numerical analysis on the effective stress field, soil displacement field, concrete damage eigenvalue-time graph and critical settlement rate contour line, locates the dangerous area in the reality layer digital twin model, matches the preset control adjustment signal, and sends it to each construction equipment in the dangerous area; The signal execution module executes all generated control adjustment signals and converts them into physical actions; the filling machinery control signal is converted into the rolling frequency and rolling action of the construction machinery; the pressure loading signal is converted into the pressure loading action of the hydraulic support rod; the strengthening monitoring signal is converted into the camera monitoring action; the drainage equipment adjustment signal is converted into the vacuum pump start-stop threshold value, and the high fill tunnel construction is optimized and risk controlled. The distributed sensor group and the collected original data are as follows:

2. The high fill tunnel construction collaborative control system based on BIM collaboration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distributed sensor group includes pore water pressure gauge, water level gauge, soil pressure cell, displacement sensor, optical fiber sensor, strain gauge, GPS positioning sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor and vibration sensor arranged at each dangerous section of the construction site; t is the data collection time, k is the construction section number, and k=1,2,...,K; K is the total construction section; Among them, the geomechanics parameters include pore water pressure , groundwater level , soil pressure , vibration angular frequency , soil displacement , internal friction angle of each soil layer , elastic modulus D of each soil layer, soil porosity coefficient α(t, k) and settlement ; The environmental parameters include temperature , humidity , and rainfall . The structural response data includes concrete stresses , steel strains , and joint deformations of the tunnel lining structure. ​ The construction machinery data includes a machinery type number symbol M (i), a rolling machinery vibration frequency f (i), a travel speed v (i), and a location coordinate [x (i), y (i), z (i)]; wherein i is a construction machinery number; The position coordinates of each sensor in the distributed sensor group are acquired.

3. The high fill tunnel construction collaborative control system based on BIM collaboration according to claim 2, characterized in that, The construction process of the target layer digital twin model is specifically as follows: The size, shape, position, material type, and design element information of each structure in the tunnel structure, support facilities, drainage system, slope support, and construction fill contained in the high-fill tunnel construction structural design drawing are captured to perform BIM modeling, three-dimensional digital models of all structures are obtained, and the three-dimensional space coordinates are used to accurately place the structures according to the positions in the high-fill tunnel construction structural design drawing, so as to determine the positions and spatial relationships of the three-dimensional digital models in the target layer digital twin model.

4. The high fill tunnel construction collaborative control system based on BIM collaboration according to claim 3, characterized in that, The construction process of the real layer digital twin model is specifically as follows: Based on the data and construction videos collected by the multi-source perception, photogrammetry, point cloud modeling, image recognition, and dynamic modeling are performed to obtain the digital models of each structure in the current construction stage; the same three-dimensional space coordinate system as that of the target layer digital twin model is embedded in the real layer digital twin model to determine the positions and spatial relationships of the digital models of each structure in the current construction stage in the target layer digital twin model; A time axis is established in the real layer digital twin model to record the spatial structure states and construction process evolution in each construction stage in real time, so as to realize virtual mapping and time sequence modeling of the construction site; In the real layer digital twin model, the collected geological and mechanical parameters, environmental parameters, and structure response data of each section of the construction site are input to the corresponding positions in the three-dimensional space coordinate system according to the position coordinates of each sensor.

5. The BIM collaboration-based high fill tunnel construction collaborative control system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The Biot consolidation and soil correction combined model is specifically as follows: wherein, is the plastic stress of the soil, representing the volume stress of the soil; wherein is the shear stress of the soil, representing the shear force of the soil; wherein M is a soil yield material parameter to be solved; wherein η is a preset soil plastic response coefficient; The plastic stress and shear stress calculation formula of the soil body is: ; wherein, is a gradient operator describing the change of the field quantity in space, is the soil displacement field to be solved; D is the soil elastic modulus; wherein α(t, k) is the soil void ratio coefficient, ρ is the soil density of the soil layer, g is the acceleration of gravity; wherein τ is the preset external environmental influence coefficient; wherein t is time, T is a preset soil permeability constant, and γ is a preset permeability coefficient; wherein C is a preset material parameter representing soil stiffness, and σ' (t, k) is the characteristic effective stress of the construction section k at the time t to be solved; The Biot consolidation and soil correction combined model is used to solve the characteristic effective stress field and soil displacement field of the construction section k at the time t, specifically the specific values of the effective stress and soil displacement field at the positions of each sensor, which are input to the real layer digital twin model according to the positions of each sensor, and the effective stress contour and soil displacement contour are drawn.

6. The high fill tunnel construction collaborative control system based on BIM collaboration according to claim 5, characterized in that, The concrete damage plasticity model is specifically as follows: Wherein dt is the concrete damage eigenvalue to be solved, representing the damage degree of the concrete; wherein, is the real-time strain of the concrete, is the initial strain of the concrete; wherein β is a preset concrete damage coefficient, representing the relationship between the real-time strain of the concrete and the damage degree. The damage characteristic values of the concrete of each construction section k recorded at each time t are recorded to draw a concrete damage characteristic value-time graph, i.e., a dt-t graph.

7. The BIM-based collaborative high-fill tunnel construction collaborative control system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rainfall and settlement rate influence model is specifically as follows: wherein, is the critical settlement rate of the soil, representing the critical settlement rate of the soil under the current rainfall condition; H is the thickness of the soil layer, and λ is a preset time decay factor; wherein, is the consolidation coefficient of the soil, representing the drainage capacity of the soil; wherein, is a rain infiltration coefficient, d is a preset correlation coefficient of soil water permeability and rainfall, controlling the sensitivity of the response of the soil to rainfall; is the rainfall intensity; The critical settlement rate of the soil of each construction section k is solved by a rainfall and settlement rate influence model , and the real number of layers of the digital twin model is input, and the contour line of the critical settlement rate of the soil is drawn. ​ 8. The high fill tunnel construction collaborative control system based on BIM collaboration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process of positioning the dangerous area and matching the preset control adjustment signal is as follows: At time t, the feature effective stress field, soil displacement field, concrete damage characteristic value-time graph and critical settlement rate contour line of each construction section k output by the intelligent decision-making module are obtained, and logical operation is carried out to match the preset control adjustment signal. The specific process is as follows: For the feature effective stress field and the soil displacement field, the region in which the effective stress is lower than the preset threshold value in the effective stress field is recorded as a low effective stress dangerous region; the region in which the soil displacement is greater than the preset threshold value in the soil displacement field is recorded as a large soil displacement dangerous region; The low effective stress dangerous region and the large soil displacement dangerous region are recorded as a first-level landslide dangerous region; The overlapping part of the low effective stress dangerous region and the large soil displacement dangerous region is recorded as a second-level landslide dangerous region; Filler mechanical control signals are sent to all construction machinery i in the first-level landslide dangerous region; Construction machinery and personnel are prohibited from entering the second-level landslide dangerous region, and pressure loading signals are sent to all hydraulic support rods in the second-level landslide dangerous region; For the concrete damage characteristic value-time graph, if the concrete damage characteristic value dt is greater than the preset threshold value, it is determined that the concrete damage in the region increases rapidly, which is recorded as a concrete damage dangerous region; enhanced monitoring signals are sent to the camera and construction machinery in the concrete damage dangerous region; For the critical settlement rate contour line, the part in which the critical settlement rate is greater than the preset threshold value is obtained, and it is determined that the soil settlement rate in the region under the current rainfall condition has a security risk, which is recorded as an abnormal settlement dangerous region; drainage equipment adjustment signals are sent to the drainage system in the abnormal settlement dangerous region.

9. The high fill tunnel construction collaborative control system based on BIM collaboration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process of executing all generated control adjustment signals is as follows: When the construction machinery receives the filler mechanical control signal, it immediately reduces the rolling frequency and rolling speed until the final rolling frequency action stops, reducing the disturbance to the soil; When the hydraulic support rod receives the pressure loading signal, the support force output of the hydraulic support rod in the soil support structure is increased to the preset value, and the support pressure of the soil is increased; When the camera receives the enhanced monitoring signal, 24-hour monitoring of the concrete structure in the field of view is started, and the output is displayed on the display terminal; When the drainage system receives the drainage equipment adjustment signal, the vacuum pump and all drainage valves are started to avoid excessive settlement caused by high soil moisture content.

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