An emergency evacuation method and system

Abstract

The application relates to an emergency evacuation method and system. The emergency evacuation method comprises the following steps: according to the distance from an accident site, a tunnel where an accident occurs on the non-passing side of the accident site is divided into a low-risk area, a medium-risk area and a high-risk area from far to near; a double-hole tunnel is divided into an initial cell, a merging cell, a basic road section cell, a diversion cell and a merging cell; a flow transfer equation of the basic road section cell, a flow transfer equation of the merging cell, a flow transfer equation of the medium-low-risk area diversion cell and a flow transfer equation of the high-risk area diversion cell are acquired; a vehicle double-layer evacuation model is constructed; and vehicles in the double-hole tunnel are evacuated based on the vehicle double-layer evacuation model. The application can make full use of the evacuation resources of the tunnel, provides a scientific and reasonable vehicle evacuation method, effectively controls the vehicles to be evacuated, and thus significantly improves the evacuation performance of the vehicles in the tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of emergency evacuation technology, specifically to an emergency evacuation method and system. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnels are a crucial component of highway transportation infrastructure. Compared to conventional road sections, tunnels are more prone to rear-end collisions, rollovers, and other traffic accidents, and the resulting damage from such accidents is often greater. Within the confined environment of a tunnel, fire is the most common and destructive accident, causing severe damage to vehicles, personnel, and tunnel infrastructure. In recent years, the automotive industry has been transitioning towards low-carbon development, leading to the rapid growth of the new energy vehicle industry, particularly in China. From 2015 to 2021, China's new energy vehicle fleet grew at an average annual rate of 22%, reaching 13.1 million vehicles by the end of 2022. With the increasing popularity of new energy vehicles, their safety has become a focus of research. The fire behavior of new energy vehicles in tunnels differs from that of traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. Generally, fires caused by new energy vehicles in tunnels are larger in scale than those caused by traditional vehicles, and they produce large amounts of toxic gases during combustion. For example, the combustion of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles produces a new type of toxic gas, such as hydrogen fluoride (HF). Therefore, timely and orderly evacuation of personnel and vehicles from tunnels after an accident can effectively reduce property damage and casualties. Due to the long and narrow linear structure of tunnels, poor connectivity with the outside world, and greater traffic volume, tunnel fire emergency rescue services are more complex and take longer than other types of emergency rescue. A scientific and effective tunnel fire emergency evacuation strategy is a prerequisite for the safe evacuation of people inside the tunnel.

[0003] After an accident occurs in a tunnel, the most intuitive and quickest way to evacuate is through the guidance of auxiliary facilities. Therefore, many researchers focus on the design of tunnel facilities, such as the optimal location of each vehicle (pedestrian) crossing, variable message signs for escape, tunnel ventilation design, and the provision of sound signal devices. It is undeniable that these measures play an important role in emergency evacuation in tunnels after an accident. However, without a scientific and effective emergency evacuation strategy, people and vehicles in the tunnel may experience overcrowding, trampling, collisions, and other situations, which could lead to secondary accidents.

[0004] As is well known, many highways have twin tunnels. When the tunnel length exceeds 1000m, the two tunnels are connected by pedestrian and vehicular crosswalks. In case of an emergency, people can quickly evacuate through these crosswalks. In the event of a fire in a highway tunnel, approximately 80% of people choose to evacuate by car. Vehicle evacuation offers advantages such as faster evacuation speed, easier control, and lower rescue complexity. Therefore, scientific and rational vehicle evacuation methods are crucial to maximizing the safe evacuation of people, minimizing property damage, and reducing the scope of the accident's impact. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide an emergency evacuation method and system to address the problem of the lack of scientific and reasonable vehicle evacuation methods in the existing technology.

[0006] To achieve the objectives of this application, the following technical solution is provided:

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides an emergency evacuation method applicable to a double-bore tunnel including a vehicular crosswalk; the emergency evacuation method includes:

[0008] Based on their distance from the accident site, the tunnels on the inaccessible side of the accident site where the accident occurred are divided into low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk areas, from farthest to nearest.

[0009] The dual-hole tunnel is divided into initial cells, merging cells, basic road segment cells, diverging cells, and merging cells;

[0010] Obtain the flow transfer equations for the basic road segment cells, the flow transfer equations for the merging cells, the flow transfer equations for the low-to-medium risk area diversion cells, and the flow transfer equations for the high-risk area diversion cells; wherein, the flow transfer equations for the low-to-medium risk area diversion cells include the vehicle escape coefficient.

[0011] Based on the flow transfer equations of the basic road segment cells, the flow transfer equations of the merging cells, the flow transfer equations of the low-to-medium risk area diversion cells, and the flow transfer equations of the high-risk area diversion cells, a two-layer vehicle evacuation model is constructed. The two-layer vehicle evacuation model includes an upper-layer evacuation model and a lower-layer evacuation model. The upper-layer evacuation model takes the minimum total evacuation time as its objective function, while the lower-layer evacuation model takes the maximum crosswalk traffic efficiency as its objective function.

[0012] The vehicles in the dual-hole tunnel are evacuated based on the aforementioned two-layer vehicle evacuation model.

[0013] In one embodiment, the dual-hole tunnel is divided into initial cells, merging cells, basic road segment cells, diverging cells, and merging cells, including:

[0014] The initial cell is the section of the tunnel on the non-accessible side of the accident site that is furthest from the accident site and has only vehicles exiting but no vehicles entering.

[0015] The final section of the tunnel where no accidents occurred is divided into converging cells;

[0016] The section of the tunnel on the non-passage side of the accident site that is not connected to the vehicular crosswalk is divided into basic road segment cells;

[0017] The area connecting the tunnel where the accident occurred on the impassable side of the accident site and the vehicular crosswalk is divided into diversion cells;

[0018] The area where the vehicular crosswalk connects to the tunnel where no accidents have occurred is divided into confluence cells.

[0019] In one embodiment, the flow transfer equation of the basic road segment cell is:

[0020]

[0021] in, The number of vehicles contained in cell i+1 of the basic road segment cell within the simulation step size t; This refers to the number of vehicles contained in cell i within the basic road segment cells within a simulation step size t. , The vehicle flow speed within cell i of the basic road segment cell is given. Let be the vehicle density of cell i in the basic road segment cell at time t; , This represents the number of vehicles contained in cell i-1 of the basic road segment cells within the simulation step size t. To simulate the maximum number of vehicles flowing into cell i within cell i-1 within a step size t, The remaining vehicle capacity of cell i. The backward propagation speed of congestion on the basic road segment. This represents the maximum capacity of cell i. This refers to the free-flow speed on the basic road section.

[0022] In one embodiment, both the tunnel where the accident occurred and the tunnel where no accident occurred are one-way two-lane tunnels; the diversion cells in the low-to-medium risk area include vehicle crossing cells. Upstream cells and downstream cells; the upstream cell is located inside the tunnel where the accident occurred and is located within the vehicle crosswalk cell. On the side furthest from the accident site, the upstream cell includes the upstream cell of the left lane. and upstream cells in the right lane The downstream cell is located inside the tunnel where the accident occurred, and is located within the vehicle crosswalk cell. Between the accident point and the downstream cell, the downstream cell includes the left lane downstream cell. and downstream cells of the right lane The flow transfer equations for diversion cells in low- and medium-risk areas include the upstream cells of the left lane. The flow transfer equation and the upstream cell of the right lane The flow transfer equation;

[0023] Upstream cells in the left lane The flow transfer equation is:

[0024]

[0025] in, For the upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t+1 The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t upstream cells upstream cells in the left lane The number of vehicles transmitting; For the upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t Downstream cells in the left lane The number of vehicles transmitting; For the upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t crosswalk cells The number of vehicles transmitting;

[0026] Upstream cells in the right lane The flow transfer equation is:

[0027]

[0028] in, For the upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t+1 The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t upstream cells Upstream cells in the right lane The number of vehicles transmitting; For the upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t Downstream cells in the right lane The number of vehicles transmitting; For the upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t crosswalk cells The number of vehicles being transmitted.

[0029] In one embodiment, within a simulation step t, the upstream cell of the left lane Downstream cells in the left lane Number of vehicles transmitted for:

[0030]

[0031] in, The vehicle escape coefficient; upstream cells of the left lane The adjustment coefficient; For the upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t Number of vehicles sent; For the vehicle crossing cell within the simulation step t The number of vehicles that can be received; For the downstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t The number of vehicles that can be received;

[0032] Upstream cell of the right lane within simulation step t Downstream cells in the right lane Number of vehicles transmitted for:

[0033]

[0034] in, The vehicle escape coefficient; upstream cells of the right lane The adjustment coefficient; For the upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t Number of vehicles sent; For the vehicle crossing cell within the simulation step t The number of vehicles that can be received; For the downstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t The number of vehicles that can be received.

[0035] In one embodiment, the merging cell includes a vehicle crosswalk cell. upstream cells and downstream cells The upstream cell and the downstream cells All are located in tunnels where no accidents have occurred, situated on opposite sides of the vehicular crosswalk cells, and arranged sequentially along the traffic direction; the flow transfer equation of the vehicular crosswalk cells in the merging cell includes the vehicular crosswalk cells. The flow transfer equation and the downstream cell The flow transfer equation;

[0036] The crosswalk cells The flow transfer equation is:

[0037]

[0038] in, The vehicle crosswalk cell within the simulation step t+1 The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the vehicle crosswalk cell within the simulation step size t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; upstream cells of the left lane The adjustment coefficient; For the upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t To the vehicle crosswalk cells The number of vehicles transmitting; upstream cells of the right lane The adjustment coefficient; For the upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t To the vehicle crosswalk cells The number of vehicles transmitting; For the vehicle crosswalk cell within the simulation step size t Downstream cells The number of vehicles transmitting;

[0039] The downstream cells The flow transfer equation is:

[0040]

[0041] in, For the downstream cells within the simulation step size t+1 The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the downstream cell within the simulation step size t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the vehicle crosswalk cell within the simulation step size t To the downstream cells The number of vehicles transmitting; For the upstream cell within the simulation step size t To the downstream cells The number of vehicles transmitting; For the downstream cell To the downstream cells downstream cells The number of vehicles being transmitted.

[0042] In some embodiments, both the tunnel where the accident occurred and the tunnel where no accident occurred are one-way two-lane tunnels; the high-risk area diversion cells include: vehicle crossing cells. Upstream cells and downstream cells; the upstream cell is located inside the tunnel where the accident occurred and is located within the vehicle crosswalk cell. On the side furthest from the accident site, the upstream cell includes the first upstream cell of the left lane. Left lane second upstream cell The first upstream cell of the right lane and the second upstream cell in the right lane The downstream cell is located in the tunnel where the accident occurred, and is located within the vehicle crosswalk cell. Between the accident point and the downstream cell, the downstream cell includes the left lane downstream cell. and downstream cells of the right lane The flow transfer equation for the diversion cells in high-risk areas includes the second upstream cell in the left lane. The flow transfer equation and the second upstream cell of the right lane The flow transfer equation;

[0043] Left lane second upstream cell The flow transfer equation is:

[0044]

[0045] in, For the second upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t+1 The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the second upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the second upstream cell in the left lane Traffic transmission relationship; For the second upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t To the vehicle crosswalk cells The number of vehicles transmitting;

[0046] Right lane downstream cells The flow transfer equation is:

[0047]

[0048] in, The second upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t+1 The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the second upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step size t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the second upstream cell in the right lane Traffic transmission relationship; For the second upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step size t To the vehicle crosswalk cells The number of vehicles being transmitted.

[0049] In some embodiments, the second upstream cell of the left lane Traffic transmission relationship for:

[0050]

[0051] in, For the second upstream cell in the left lane The adjustment coefficient; For the first upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t Number of vehicles sent; For the downstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t Number of vehicles sent; For the simulation step length t, the second upstream cell of the left lane The number of vehicles that can be received;

[0052] Right lane second upstream cell Traffic transmission relationship for:

[0053]

[0054] in, For the second upstream cell in the right lane The adjustment coefficient; Let the first upstream cell of the right lane be within the simulation step t. Number of vehicles sent; For the downstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t Number of vehicles sent; For the simulation step length t, the second upstream cell of the right lane The number of vehicles that can be received.

[0055] In some embodiments, in the upper-level evacuation model, the flow transfer equation of the basic road segment cell serves as the flow conservation constraint of the basic cell; the flow transfer equation of the diversion cell in the medium- and low-risk area serves as the flow conservation constraint of the diversion cell in the medium- and low-risk area; the flow transfer equation of the diversion cell in the high-risk area serves as the flow conservation constraint of the diversion cell in the high-risk area; the flow transfer equation of the merging cell serves as the flow conservation constraint of the crosswalk cell and the flow conservation constraint of the merging cell in the tunnel where no accident has occurred; and flow conservation constraints of the origin and destination cells, cell flow transmission constraints, vehicle evacuation process constraints, and non-negative constraints of traffic flow within the cell are set.

[0056] Secondly, this application also provides an emergency evacuation system suitable for a double-bore tunnel including a vehicular crossing; the emergency evacuation system includes:

[0057] The risk zone division module is used to divide the tunnel where the accident occurred on the inaccessible side of the accident site into low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk zones from farthest to nearest, based on the distance from the accident site.

[0058] The cell division module is used to divide the dual-hole tunnel into initial cells, merging cells, basic road segment cells, diverging cells, and merging cells.

[0059] The flow transfer equation acquisition module is used to acquire the flow transfer equations of the basic road segment cells, the flow transfer equations of the merging cells, the flow transfer equations of the low-to-medium risk area diversion cells, and the flow transfer equations of the high-risk area diversion cells; wherein, the flow transfer equations of the low-to-medium risk area diversion cells include the vehicle escape coefficient.

[0060] The evacuation model construction module is used to construct a two-layer vehicle evacuation model based on the flow transfer equations of the basic road segment cells, the flow transfer equations of the merging cells, the flow transfer equations of the low- and medium-risk area diversion cells, and the flow transfer equations of the high-risk area diversion cells. The two-layer vehicle evacuation model includes an upper-layer evacuation model and a lower-layer evacuation model. The upper-layer evacuation model takes the minimum total evacuation time as its objective function, and the lower-layer evacuation model takes the maximum vehicle crossing efficiency as its objective function.

[0061] The evacuation control module is used to evacuate vehicles in the dual-hole tunnel based on the dual-layer vehicle evacuation model.

[0062] The emergency evacuation method and system of this application divides the tunnel where the accident occurred on the non-passage side of the accident site into risk areas, divides the double-hole tunnel into cells, and introduces a vehicle escape coefficient. A two-layer vehicle evacuation model is constructed with the objectives of minimizing the total evacuation time and maximizing the traffic efficiency of the vehicle crossing. When evacuating vehicles based on the two-layer vehicle evacuation model, the evacuation resources of the tunnel can be fully utilized, providing a scientific and reasonable vehicle evacuation method, effectively controlling the vehicles to be evacuated, and thus significantly improving the evacuation performance of vehicles in the tunnel. Attached Figure Description

[0063] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or conventional technologies of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or conventional technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0064] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an emergency evacuation method provided in one embodiment;

[0065] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an emergency evacuation method provided in one embodiment;

[0066] Figure 3 This is a model diagram of the internal evacuation structure of a double-hole tunnel in an emergency evacuation method provided in one embodiment;

[0067] Figure 4 This is a transmission relationship diagram of the diversion cells in the low-to-medium risk area within a double-hole tunnel in an emergency evacuation method provided in one embodiment; Figure 4 Figure (b) is Figure 4 A magnified view of region A in figure (a);

[0068] Figure 5 This is a transmission relationship diagram of merging cells in a double-hole tunnel in an emergency evacuation method provided in one embodiment; Figure 5 Figure (b) is Figure 5 A magnified view of region B in figure (a);

[0069] Figure 6 This is a transmission relationship diagram of diversion cells in a high-risk area within a double-hole tunnel in an emergency evacuation method provided in one embodiment; Figure 6 Figure (b) is Figure 6 A magnified view of region C in figure (a);

[0070] Figure 7 This is a structural block diagram of an emergency evacuation system provided in another embodiment.

[0071] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0072] 10. Risk Area Delineation Module; 20. Cell Delineation Module; 30. Flow Transfer Equation Acquisition Module; 40. Evacuation Model Construction Module; 50. Evacuation Control Module. Detailed Implementation

[0073] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate preferred embodiments of the application. However, this application may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application will be thorough and complete.

[0074] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the specification of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application.

[0075] When used herein, the singular forms of “a,” “an,” and “the” may also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that when the terms “comprise” and / or “comprising” are used in this specification, the presence of the stated feature, integer, step, operation, element, and / or part is established, but the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, parts, and / or groups is not excluded. Meanwhile, when used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.

[0076] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 This application provides an emergency evacuation method applicable to double-bore tunnels including vehicular crossings (such as...). Figure 2 (as shown); the emergency evacuation method includes the following steps: S10~S50.

[0077] S10: Based on the distance from the accident site, the tunnels on the inaccessible side of the accident site where the accident occurred are divided into low-risk areas, medium-risk areas, and high-risk areas from farthest to nearest.

[0078] S20: Divide the dual-hole tunnel into initial cells, merging cells, basic road segment cells, diverging cells, and merging cells.

[0079] S30: Obtain the flow transfer equations of the basic road segment cells, the flow transfer equations of the merging cells, the flow transfer equations of the low-to-medium risk area diversion cells, and the flow transfer equations of the high-risk area diversion cells; wherein, the flow transfer equations of the low-to-medium risk area diversion cells include the vehicle escape coefficient.

[0080] S40: Based on the flow transfer equations of the basic road segment cells, the flow transfer equations of the merging cells, the flow transfer equations of the low-to-medium risk area diversion cells, and the flow transfer equations of the high-risk area diversion cells, a two-layer vehicle evacuation model is constructed. The two-layer vehicle evacuation model includes an upper-layer evacuation model and a lower-layer evacuation model. The upper-layer evacuation model takes the minimum total evacuation time as its objective function, and the lower-layer evacuation model takes the maximum vehicle crossing efficiency as its objective function.

[0081] S50: Evacuate vehicles in the double-hole tunnel based on the vehicle double-layer evacuation model.

[0082] In this embodiment, a risk zone is defined for the tunnel on the non-passage side of the accident site, and the double-hole tunnel is divided into cells. A vehicle escape coefficient is introduced, and a two-layer vehicle evacuation model is constructed with the objectives of minimizing the total evacuation time and maximizing the traffic efficiency of the vehicle crossing. When evacuating vehicles based on the two-layer vehicle evacuation model, the evacuation resources of the tunnel can be fully utilized, providing a scientific and reasonable vehicle evacuation method to effectively control the vehicles to be evacuated, thereby significantly improving the evacuation performance of vehicles in the tunnel.

[0083] In step S10, please refer to Figure 1 Step S10 in the middle and Figure 2 Based on the distance from the accident site, the tunnels on the inaccessible side of the accident site where the accident occurred are divided into low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk areas from farthest to nearest.

[0084] As an example, based on the location of the accident (e.g., the location of a fire), tunnels on the closed side where the accident occurred can be sequentially divided into high-risk, medium-risk, and low-risk areas in the opposite direction of traffic, from nearest to farthest. Figure 2 As shown.

[0085] As an example, both the tunnel where the accident occurred and the tunnel where no accident occurred are single-lane dual carriageways, such as... Figure 2 As shown.

[0086] In step S20, please refer to Figure 1 Step S20 in the middle and Figures 2 to 3 The dual-hole tunnel is divided into initial cells, merging cells, basic road segment cells, diverging cells, and merging cells.

[0087] As an example, both the tunnel where the accident occurred and the tunnel where no accident occurred in the dual-hole tunnel can be divided into a basic section, a diverging section, and a merging section; the basic section is the section inside the tunnel that is not connected to the crosswalk; the diverging section is the area where the tunnel where the accident occurred connects to the crosswalk; and the merging section is the area where the crosswalk connects to the inner lane of the tunnel where no accident occurred.

[0088] As an example, the dual-hole tunnel can be divided into initial cells, merging cells, basic section cells, diverging cells, and merging cells. Since an accident has occurred and the initial evacuation demand has been determined, the initial cells do not generate new evacuation demands; there is only outflow and no inflow. This can be understood as the first cell at the tunnel entrance of the tunnel where the accident occurred. The last cell of the tunnel where no accident occurred (which could be the last cell at the tunnel exit of the tunnel where no accident occurred) is the merging cell. The merging cell has infinite receiving capacity; there is only inflow and no outflow.

[0089] As an example, in step S20, the dual-hole tunnel is divided into initial cells, merging cells, basic road segment cells, diverging cells, and merging cells, including: dividing the road segment of the tunnel where the accident occurred on the impassable side of the accident site, which is farthest from the accident site and only has vehicles exiting but no vehicles entering, into the initial cell, that is, the first cell at the tunnel entrance of the tunnel where the accident occurred is the initial cell; dividing the last road segment of the tunnel where the accident did not occur into the merging cell, that is, the last cell of the tunnel where the accident did not occur (which can be the last cell at the tunnel exit of the tunnel where the accident did not occur); dividing the road segment of the tunnel where the accident occurred on the impassable side of the accident site that is not connected to the crosswalk into the basic road segment cell; dividing the connection area between the tunnel where the accident occurred on the impassable side of the accident site and the crosswalk into diverging cells; dividing the connection area between the crosswalk and the tunnel where the accident did not occur (specifically, the inner lane of the tunnel where the accident did not occur) into merging cells.

[0090] Specifically, as can be seen from the above, the basic road segment cell corresponds to the basic road segment, the divergence cell corresponds to the divergence segment, and the merging cell corresponds to the merging segment.

[0091] In step S30, please refer to Figure 1 Step S30 in the middle and Figures 2 to 6 The flow transfer equations of the basic road segment cells, the flow transfer equations of the merging cells, the flow transfer equations of the low-to-medium risk area diversion cells, and the flow transfer equations of the high-risk area diversion cells are obtained; wherein, the flow transfer equations of the low-to-medium risk area diversion cells include the vehicle escape coefficient.

[0092] As an example, the flow transfer equation for the basic road segment cell is:

[0093]

[0094] in, The number of vehicles contained in cell i+1 of the basic road segment cell within the simulation step size t; This refers to the number of vehicles contained in cell i within the basic road segment cells within a simulation step size t. , The vehicle flow speed within cell i of the basic road segment cell is given. Let be the vehicle density of cell i in the basic road segment cell at time t; This represents the number of vehicles transmitted from cell i-1 to cell i within a simulation step t. , This represents the number of vehicles contained in cell i-1 of the basic road segment cells within the simulation step size t. To simulate the maximum number of vehicles flowing into cell i within cell i-1 within a step size t, The remaining vehicle capacity of cell i. The backward propagation speed of congestion on the basic road segment. This represents the maximum capacity of cell i. This refers to the free-flow speed on the basic road section.

[0095] Specifically, cell i-1 is the upstream cell of cell i, and cell i+1 is the downstream cell of cell i. This indicates that the number of vehicles flowing into cell i is equal to the number of vehicles that can flow out of upstream cell i-1 (i.e., The minimum of the following is defined: the number of vehicles that cell i-1 in the basic road segment cells can accommodate within the simulation step t, the maximum number of vehicles that cell i can receive (the maximum number of vehicles flowing into cell i from cell i-1 within the simulation step t), and the remaining vehicle capacity within cell i.

[0096] As an example, for simplicity, we can utilize the sending capability of cell i. and receiving capabilities This represents the number of vehicles entering cell i at time t:

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] At this time, the vehicle inflow of cell i It can be:

[0100]

[0101] in, The number of vehicles contained in cell i of the basic road segment within the simulation step size t; The maximum number of vehicles that flow into cell i+1 within the simulation step size t; To simulate the maximum number of vehicles flowing into cell i within cell i-1 within a step size t, The remaining vehicle capacity of cell i; This represents the transmission capability of cell i-1.

[0102] For example, please refer to Figure 4 In Figures (a) and (b), the diversion cells for low- and medium-risk areas include vehicular crosswalk cells. Upstream cells and downstream cells; the upstream cell is located inside the tunnel where the accident occurred and is located within the vehicle crosswalk cell. On the side furthest from the accident site, the upstream cell includes the upstream cell of the left lane. and upstream cells in the right lane The downstream cell is located inside the tunnel where the accident occurred, and is located within the vehicle crosswalk cell. Between the accident point and the downstream cell, the downstream cell includes the left lane downstream cell. and downstream cells of the right lane The flow transfer equations for diversion cells in low- and medium-risk areas include the upstream cells of the left lane. The flow transfer equation and the upstream cell of the right lane The flow transfer equation;

[0103] Upstream cells in the left lane The flow transfer equation is:

[0104]

[0105] in, For the upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t+1 The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t upstream cells upstream cells in the left lane The number of vehicles transmitting; For the upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t Downstream cells in the left lane The number of vehicles transmitting; For the upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t crosswalk cells The number of vehicles transmitting;

[0106] Upstream cells in the right lane The flow transfer equation is:

[0107]

[0108] in, For the upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t+1 The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t upstream cells Upstream cells in the right lane The number of vehicles transmitting; For the upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t Downstream cells in the right lane The number of vehicles transmitting; For the upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t crosswalk cells The number of vehicles being transmitted.

[0109] As an example, within the simulation step t, the upstream cell of the left lane Downstream cells in the left lane Number of vehicles transmitted for:

[0110]

[0111] in, The vehicle escape coefficient; upstream cells of the left lane The adjustment coefficient; For the upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t Number of vehicles sent; For the vehicle crossing cell within the simulation step t The number of vehicles that can be received; For the downstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t The number of vehicles that can be received;

[0112] Upstream cell of the right lane within simulation step t Downstream cells in the right lane Number of vehicles transmitted for:

[0113]

[0114] in, The vehicle escape coefficient; upstream cells of the right lane The adjustment coefficient; For the upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t Number of vehicles sent; For the vehicle crossing cell within the simulation step t The number of vehicles that can be received; For the downstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t The number of vehicles that can be received.

[0115] As an example, and The upstream cells of the left lane are respectively The adjustment coefficient and the upstream cell of the right lane The adjustment coefficient refers to the indicator light colors of the left and right lanes in the tunnel where the accident occurred (the lane indicator lights consist only of red and green lights); when and When the value is 0, the corresponding lane indicator lights up red; when and When the value is 1, the corresponding lane indicator lights up green, and its green light phase should be an integer multiple of a simulation step size; otherwise, it is calculated according to the following formula:

[0116]

[0117]

[0118] in, For simulating step size, The green light display time of the left lane indicator in the tunnel where the accident occurred. Multiples of; The green light display time of the right lane indicator in the tunnel where the accident occurred. Multiples of; INT indicates rounding down to the nearest integer.

[0119] As an example, the lane indicator could be installed on the side of each crosswalk near the point of the accident within the tunnel where the accident occurred. Figures 2 to 6 As shown.

[0120] As an example, within the simulation step t, the upstream cell of the left lane crosswalk cells Number of vehicles transmitted for:

[0121]

[0122]

[0123]

[0124] in, The expression represents the downstream cell of the left lane. The number of vehicles that can be received is the maximum inflow. With its remaining capacity for vehicles The minimum value between the two; The expression represents the crosswalk cell. The number of vehicles that can be received is the maximum inflow. and its remaining capacity for vehicles The minimum value between the two; The backward propagation speed of congestion on the basic road segment. The free-flow speed on the basic road section. downstream cells of the left lane Maximum capacity For the downstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t Number of vehicles that can be accommodated For vehicle crosswalk cells Maximum capacity For the vehicle crossing cell within the simulation step t The number of vehicles it can accommodate.

[0125] As an example, within the simulation step t, the upstream cell of the right lane crosswalk cells Number of vehicles transmitted for:

[0126]

[0127]

[0128] in, The expression represents the downstream cell of the right lane. The number of vehicles that can be received is the maximum inflow. With its remaining capacity for vehicles The minimum value between the two; downstream cells of the right lane Maximum capacity For the downstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t Number of vehicles sent.

[0129] As an example, when evacuating vehicles from a twin-tunnel, some vehicles evacuate via the vehicle type crossing to the inner lane where no accident has occurred, while others proceed straight into the next evacuation route. The drivers' choices are influenced by accidents within the tunnel (such as fires). In the event of a sudden fire in the tunnel, due to the tunnel's unique driving environment, the potential harm to vehicles decreases with increasing distance from the fire. Therefore, when considering the impact of a fire on vehicles within a tunnel, it is worthwhile to introduce an accident risk function as a vehicle escape coefficient. , which represents the probability that the driver will make different choices.

[0130] The development of a tunnel fire involves not only the intensity of the fire itself but also the spread of smoke. Smoke from the ignition point diffuses outwards, with its concentration decreasing gradually with increasing distance from the fire source. Therefore, areas closer to the fire source will experience higher concentrations of smoke, posing a more severe impact on vehicles and occupants, while areas farther from the fire source will be less affected.

[0131] Based on the above patterns, the degree of fire impact on stranded vehicles exhibits a significant spatial attenuation trend with their distance from the fire source. To quantitatively describe this relationship, this paper introduces the smoke diffusion attenuation rate into the accident risk function and establishes a vehicle escape coefficient accordingly. The coefficient decreases as the distance d between the vehicle and the fire source increases.

[0132] As an example, after an accident, the probability of a vehicle at point g being affected by the fire decreases as the distance from the fire source increases. The proportion of vehicles escaping the accident tunnel (i.e., the vehicle escape coefficient) is as follows:

[0133]

[0134] in, This indicates the rate at which the impact of a fire on vehicles trapped inside a tunnel decreases with increasing distance. >0; This represents the distance between the location of the fire and point g.

[0135] For example, please refer to Figure 5 In Figures (a) and (b), the merging cells include vehicle crosswalk cells. upstream cells and downstream cells The upstream cell and the downstream cells All are located in tunnels where no accidents have occurred, situated on opposite sides of the vehicular crosswalk cells, and arranged sequentially along the traffic direction; the flow transfer equation of the vehicular crosswalk cells in the merging cell includes the vehicular crosswalk cells. The flow transfer equation and the downstream cell The flow transfer equation;

[0136] The crosswalk cells The flow transfer equation is:

[0137]

[0138] in, The vehicle crosswalk cell within the simulation step t+1 The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the vehicle crosswalk cell within the simulation step size t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; upstream cells of the left lane The adjustment coefficient; For the upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t To the vehicle crosswalk cells The number of vehicles transmitting; upstream cells of the right lane The adjustment coefficient; For the upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t To the vehicle crosswalk cells The number of vehicles transmitting; For the vehicle crosswalk cell within the simulation step size t Downstream cells The number of vehicles transmitting;

[0139] The downstream cells The flow transfer equation is:

[0140]

[0141] in, For the downstream cells within the simulation step size t+1 The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the downstream cell within the simulation step size t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the vehicle crosswalk cell within the simulation step size t To the downstream cells The number of vehicles transmitting; For the upstream cell within the simulation step size t To the downstream cells The number of vehicles transmitting; For the downstream cell To the downstream cells downstream cells The number of vehicles being transmitted.

[0142] It should be noted that the crosswalk cells mentioned here... It can be connected with the preceding crosswalk cells. They belong to the same cell.

[0143] As an example, in order to reduce delays caused by signal control, vehicles in the inner lane of the tunnel where no accidents have occurred may no longer be subject to signal control, i.e., the lane indicator remains green.

[0144] As an example, The expression represents the vehicle crosswalk cell within the (t+1)th simulation step. The number of vehicles is equal to the number of vehicle crosswalk cells in the previous simulation step (i.e., simulation step t). The number of vehicles that can be accommodated plus the number of vehicles flowing in from the two lanes where the accident occurred (i.e., upstream cells in the left lane). To the vehicle crosswalk cells The number of vehicles transmitted and the upstream cells of the right lane To the vehicle crosswalk cells The number of vehicles transmitted minus the number of vehicles flowing to the first cell of the tunnel inner lane where no accident occurred (the number of vehicles in the crosswalk cell). Downstream cells (Number of vehicles transmitted).

[0145] As an example, the vehicle crosswalk cell The upstream cells of the inner lanes of the tunnel where no accidents occurred The flow merges into the downstream cell The corresponding traffic transmission relationships are as follows:

[0146]

[0147]

[0148]

[0149] in, For the vehicle crosswalk cell within the simulation step size t Number of vehicles sent; For the vehicle crosswalk cell within the simulation step size t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; To allow the flow of traffic into the crosswalk cell within the simulation step size t The maximum number of vehicles; For the upstream cell within the simulation step size t Number of vehicles sent; For the downstream cell within the simulation step size t The number of vehicles that can be received; Let be the convergence rate, 0 ≤ ≤1; For the upstream cell within the simulation step size t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; To allow the upstream cell to flow within the simulation step size t The maximum number of vehicles; To allow the flow of the downstream cell within the simulation step size The maximum number of vehicles; For the downstream cell within the simulation step size t Maximum capacity; This refers to the free-flow speed on the basic road section.

[0150] As can be seen from the above expression, if the downstream cell There is sufficient receiving space for the vehicle crosswalk cells. and the upstream cell All vehicles can enter the downstream cell. If the downstream cell If there is insufficient receiving space, then it is necessary to consider the convergence rate. To reunite.

[0151] As an example, the downstream cell To the downstream cells downstream cells Number of vehicles transmitted It can be:

[0152]

[0153] in, For the downstream cell within the simulation step size t Number of vehicles sent; For the downstream cell within the simulation step size t downstream cells The number of vehicles that can be received. Therefore, the downstream cell... To the downstream cells downstream cells Number of vehicles transmitted For the downstream cell within the simulation step size t Number of vehicles sent To be consistent with the downstream cells within the simulation step size t downstream cells Number of vehicles that can be received The smaller of the two values.

[0154] For example, please refer to Figure 6In Figures (a) and (b), the high-risk area diversion cells include: vehicle crossing cells. Upstream cells and downstream cells; the upstream cell is located inside the tunnel where the accident occurred and is located within the vehicle crosswalk cell. On the side furthest from the accident site, the upstream cell includes the first upstream cell of the left lane. Left lane second upstream cell The first upstream cell of the right lane and the second upstream cell in the right lane The downstream cell is located in the tunnel where the accident occurred, and is located within the vehicle crosswalk cell. Between the accident point and the downstream cell, the downstream cell includes the left lane downstream cell. and downstream cells of the right lane The flow transfer equation for the diversion cells in high-risk areas includes the second upstream cell in the left lane. The flow transfer equation and the second upstream cell of the right lane The flow transfer equation;

[0155] Left lane second upstream cell The flow transfer equation is:

[0156]

[0157] in, For the second upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t+1 The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the second upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the second upstream cell in the left lane Traffic transmission relationship; For the second upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t To the vehicle crosswalk cells The number of vehicles transmitting;

[0158] Right lane downstream cells The flow transfer equation is:

[0159]

[0160] in, The second upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t+1 The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the second upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step size t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the second upstream cell in the right lane Traffic transmission relationship; For the second upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step size t To the vehicle crosswalk cells The number of vehicles being transmitted.

[0161] It should be noted that the crosswalk cells mentioned here... It can be connected with the preceding crosswalk cells. and vehicle crosswalk cells They belong to the same cell.

[0162] As an example, the evacuation strategy for high-risk areas differs slightly from that for medium- and low-risk areas: In high-risk areas, the first upstream cell in the left lane... Vehicles can still go straight using the second upstream cell in the left lane. Evacuation proceeds, first upstream cell in the right lane Vehicles can still go straight using the second upstream cell in the right lane. Evacuation was carried out; however, downstream cells in the left lane Vehicles need to reverse into the second upstream cell in the left lane. Then, use the crosswalk to evacuate; downstream units in the right lane Vehicles also need to reverse into the second upstream cell in the right lane. Then, they used the crosswalk to evacuate.

[0163] As an example, the second upstream cell in the left lane Traffic transmission relationship for:

[0164]

[0165] in, For the second upstream cell in the left lane The adjustment coefficient; For the first upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t Number of vehicles sent; For the downstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t Number of vehicles sent; For the simulation step length t, the second upstream cell of the left lane The number of vehicles that can be received;

[0166] Right lane second upstream cell Traffic transmission relationship for:

[0167]

[0168] in, For the second upstream cell in the right lane The adjustment coefficient; Let the first upstream cell of the right lane be within the simulation step t. Number of vehicles sent; For the downstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t Number of vehicles sent; For the simulation step length t, the second upstream cell of the right lane The number of vehicles that can be received.

[0169] As an example, within the simulation step t, the first upstream cell of the left lane Number of vehicles sent It can be:

[0170]

[0171] in, For the first upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the first upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t The second upstream cell flowing into the left lane The maximum number of vehicles.

[0172] As an example, within the simulation step t, the downstream cell of the left lane Number of vehicles sent It can be:

[0173]

[0174] in, For the downstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the first upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t The second upstream cell flowing into the left lane The maximum number of vehicles.

[0175] As an example, the second upstream cell in the left lane adjustment coefficient The calculation formula can be referred to the aforementioned upstream cell of the left lane. adjustment coefficient The calculation formula will not be repeated here.

[0176] As an example, within the simulation step t, the first upstream cell of the right lane Number of vehicles sent It can be:

[0177]

[0178] in, For the first upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the first upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t The second upstream cell flowing into the right lane The maximum number of vehicles.

[0179] As an example, within the simulation step t, the downstream cell of the right lane Number of vehicles sent It can be:

[0180]

[0181] in, For the downstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the first upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t The second upstream cell flowing into the right lane The maximum number of vehicles.

[0182] As an example, the second upstream cell in the right lane adjustment coefficient The calculation formula can be referred to the aforementioned upstream cell of the right lane. adjustment coefficient The calculation formula will not be repeated here.

[0183] In step S40, please refer to Figure 1 In step S40, a two-layer vehicle evacuation model is constructed based on the flow transfer equations of the basic road segment cells, the flow transfer equations of the merging cells, the flow transfer equations of the low- and medium-risk area diversion cells, and the flow transfer equations of the high-risk area diversion cells. The two-layer vehicle evacuation model includes an upper-layer evacuation model and a lower-layer evacuation model. The upper-layer evacuation model takes the minimum total evacuation time as its objective function, and the lower-layer evacuation model takes the maximum vehicle crossing efficiency as its objective function.

[0184] As an example, in the upper-level evacuation model, the flow transfer equation of the basic road segment cell serves as the flow conservation constraint of the basic cell; the flow transfer equation of the diversion cell in the medium- and low-risk area serves as the flow conservation constraint of the diversion cell in the medium- and low-risk area; the flow transfer equation of the diversion cell in the high-risk area serves as the flow conservation constraint of the diversion cell in the high-risk area; the flow transfer equation of the merging cell serves as the flow conservation constraint of the crosswalk cell and the flow conservation constraint of the merging cell in the tunnel where no accident has occurred; and flow conservation constraints of the origin and destination cells, cell flow transmission constraints, vehicle evacuation process constraints, and non-negative constraints of traffic flow within the cell are set.

[0185] As an example, the flow conservation constraint of the origin and destination cells is as follows:

[0186]

[0187]

[0188] in, It can be the starting cell (i.e., the initial cell). It can be a terminal cell (i.e., it can be a confluence cell). The starting cell within the simulation step size t+1 The number of vehicles it can accommodate; The starting cell within the simulation step size t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; as the starting cell To the starting cell downstream cells The number of vehicles transmitting; For the endpoint cell within the simulation step size t+1 The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the endpoint cell within the simulation step size t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; terminal cell upstream cells To the terminal cell The number of vehicles being transmitted.

[0189] As an example, It can be used as a constraint for cellular flow transmission.

[0190] As an example, the constraints for the vehicle evacuation process can be: .

[0191] As an example, the non-negativity constraint for traffic flow within a cell can be:

[0192]

[0193]

[0194] in, is the set of all cells within the double-hole tunnel; is the number of vehicles contained in all cells within the simulation step t+1.

[0195] As an example, during evacuation, the lane indicator lights in the tunnel where the accident occurred consisted only of red and green lights, and evacuation was carried out by lane. The lower-level evacuation model only optimized the duration of the traffic lights.

[0196] As an example, the lane indicator phases can be as follows: the green light phase of the lane indicator away from the crosswalk in medium- and low-risk areas (Phase 1), the green light phase of the lane indicator close to the crosswalk in medium- and low-risk areas (Phase 2), the green light phase of the lane indicator away from the crosswalk in high-risk areas (Phase 1), and the green light phase of the lane indicator away from the crosswalk in low-risk areas (Phase 2).

[0197] As an example, during evacuation, the goal should be to ensure the orderly evacuation of the maximum number of vehicles in the shortest possible time. Therefore, the lower-level evacuation model aims to maximize the traffic efficiency between the crosswalk and the tunnel connection area. This objective is determined by the traffic flow from the left and right lane end cells of the evacuation section within the tunnel where the accident occurred to the crosswalk cells. For example, the upstream cell of the left lane in the low-to-medium risk diversion cells. and upstream cells in the right lane crosswalk cells The evacuation traffic flow consists of, or, in high-risk diversion cells, the second upstream cell in the left lane. and the second upstream cell in the right lane crosswalk cells The evacuation of traffic constitutes the flow of vehicles.

[0198] Maximum capacity of vehicle crossing for:

[0199]

[0200]

[0201]

[0202]

[0203]

[0204] in, Let i be the length of the left lane cell. Let i be the length of the right lane cell. is the set of all cells within the double-hole tunnel; T is the total number of time steps in the evacuation traffic simulation. The left lane end cell of the evacuation section inside the tunnel where the accident occurred is the cell of the vehicular crosswalk. The number of vehicles transported; This is for simulating step size; The duration of the k-th signal cycle is K; K is the total number of signal cycles. The cell at the right end of the evacuation route within the tunnel where the accident occurred is the cell at the end of the right lane towards the crosswalk. The number of vehicles transported, then For the evacuation section inside the tunnel where the accident occurred, the corresponding lane end cell is directed to the vehicle crosswalk cell. The number of vehicles transported; Phase saturation; For the first period of the corresponding signal Green light duration for each phase For the second signal cycle Green light duration for each phase …,for Multiples of; For the (k-1)th signal period Green light duration for each phase The minimum allowed green light duration; n is the number of cells in the evacuation section; L is the length of a single cell; Let i be the vehicle flow velocity within cell i; The traffic flow exiting the crosswalk cells; Let be the duration of the (k+1)th signal period, then The maximum signal period duration is the kth signal.

[0205] In the lower-level evacuation model, This indicates the saturation flow of traffic in the left lane under the current phase control. This indicates the saturation flow rate of the right lane traffic under the current phase control. Indicates the first lane +1 phase of green light time, Indicates the second lane. +1 phase of green light time, Indicates the corresponding lane number +1 phase of green light time, which is an integer multiple (s) of the simulation step size. Given the current phase green light duration constraint in the k-th cycle, the outflow volume in the k-th cycle is predicted by using the number of vehicles flowing from the crosswalk cell to the merging cell without accidents in the previous k-1 cycles. The goal is to ensure that all controlled vehicles are released within the set green light time. The minimum green light duration is determined by the initial setting of three evacuation phases for each evacuation segment during the dynamic signal control process within the tunnel. Therefore, the minimum green light duration is replaced by the duration of each evacuation phase. This indicates the length of a single evacuation route. and This is a constraint on the duration of the k-th signal period.

[0206] As an example, the upper-level evacuation model uses the traffic flow out of the crosswalk cells. The signal timing scheme affecting the lower-level evacuation model is determined by the left and right lane end cells of the evacuation section within the tunnel where the accident occurred (i.e., the cell closest to the crosswalk on the side furthest from the accident location within the tunnel where the accident occurred, for example, ...). Figure 4 The upstream cell of the left lane in Figure (b) and upstream cells in the right lane , Figure 6 The second upstream cell of the left lane in Figure (b) and the second upstream cell in the right lane The adjustment coefficient affects vehicle transmission in the upper-level evacuation model's connecting area.

[0207] In step S50, please refer to Figure 1 S50 steps and Figures 2 to 6 The vehicles in the double-hole tunnel are evacuated based on the vehicle double-layer evacuation model.

[0208] As an example, vehicles can be evacuated from the dual-hole tunnel based on the evacuation plan output by the dual-layer vehicle evacuation model.

[0209] Specifically, based on the actual situation of the vehicles (i.e. vehicles to be evacuated) in the dual-hole tunnel, an evacuation plan can be obtained based on the dual-layer vehicle evacuation model, and the vehicles in the dual-hole tunnel can be evacuated based on the evacuation plan.

[0210] More specifically, the corresponding evacuation plan can be derived by combining the upper-level evacuation model and the lower-level evacuation model; the upper-level evacuation model uses the traffic flow out of the crosswalk cells. The signal timing scheme that affects the lower-level evacuation model influences vehicle transmission in the connecting area of ​​the upper-level evacuation model by adjusting the end cells of the left and right lanes of the evacuation section in the tunnel where the accident occurred.

[0211] More specifically, the green and red light times and durations of each lane indicator in the tunnel where the accident occurred can be obtained based on the aforementioned two-layer vehicle evacuation model, thereby enabling emergency evacuation of vehicles to be evacuated.

[0212] In another embodiment, please refer to Figure 7This application also provides an emergency evacuation system applicable to a double-bore tunnel including a vehicular crosswalk. The emergency evacuation system may include: a risk area division module 10, used to divide the tunnel on the impassable side of the accident site into low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk areas from far to near, based on distance from the accident site; a cell division module 20, used to divide the double-bore tunnel into initial cells, merging cells, basic road segment cells, branching cells, and merging cells; and a flow transfer equation acquisition module 30, used to acquire the flow transfer equations of the basic road segment cells, the merging cells, the low- and medium-risk area branching cells, and the high-risk area branching cells. The system includes: a flow transfer equation for the diversion cells in high-risk areas; where the flow transfer equation for the diversion cells in medium- and low-risk areas includes the vehicle escape coefficient; an evacuation model construction module 40, which is used to construct a two-layer vehicle evacuation model based on the flow transfer equations of the basic road segment cells, the flow transfer equations of the merging cells, the flow transfer equations of the diversion cells in medium- and low-risk areas, and the flow transfer equations of the diversion cells in high-risk areas. The two-layer vehicle evacuation model includes an upper evacuation model and a lower evacuation model. The upper evacuation model has the objective function of minimizing the total evacuation time, and the lower evacuation model has the objective function of maximizing the traffic efficiency of the vehicle crossing; and an evacuation control module 50, which is used to evacuate vehicles in the dual-hole tunnel based on the two-layer vehicle evacuation model.

[0213] In the emergency evacuation system of this application, risk zones are divided for tunnels on the non-accessible side of the accident site, cells are divided for double-hole tunnels, and a vehicle escape coefficient is introduced. A two-layer vehicle evacuation model is constructed with the objectives of minimizing total evacuation time and maximizing the traffic efficiency of vehicle crossings. When evacuating vehicles based on the two-layer vehicle evacuation model, the evacuation resources of the tunnel can be fully utilized, providing a scientific and reasonable vehicle evacuation method and effectively controlling the vehicles to be evacuated, thereby significantly improving the evacuation performance of vehicles in the tunnel.

[0214] The emergency evacuation system in this embodiment can be used to perform actions such as... Figures 1 to 6 The emergency evacuation methods described herein are detailed in the document. For specific information on these methods, please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figures 1 to 6 And related textual descriptions, which will not be repeated here.

[0215] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features of the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0216] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An emergency evacuation method, characterized in that, The emergency evacuation method is applicable to a two-bore tunnel including a vehicular crosswalk; the emergency evacuation method includes: Based on their distance from the accident site, the tunnels on the inaccessible side of the accident site where the accident occurred are divided into low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk areas, from farthest to nearest. The dual-hole tunnel is divided into initial cells, merging cells, basic road segment cells, diverging cells, and merging cells, including: classifying the road segment in the tunnel where the accident occurred on the impassable side of the accident site, which is farthest from the accident site and only has vehicles exiting but no vehicles entering, as the initial cell; classifying the last road segment of the tunnel where no accident occurred as the merging cell; classifying the road segment in the tunnel where the accident occurred on the impassable side of the accident site that is not connected to the crosswalk as the basic road segment cell; classifying the connection area between the tunnel where the accident occurred on the impassable side of the accident site and the crosswalk as the diverging cell; and classifying the connection area between the crosswalk and the tunnel where no accident occurred as the merging cell. Obtain the flow transfer equations for the basic road segment cells, the flow transfer equations for the merging cells, the flow transfer equations for the low-to-medium risk area diversion cells, and the flow transfer equations for the high-risk area diversion cells; wherein, the flow transfer equations for the low-to-medium risk area diversion cells include the vehicle escape coefficient. Based on the flow transfer equations of the basic road segment cells, the merging cells, the low-to-medium risk area divergence cells, and the high-risk area divergence cells, a two-layer vehicle evacuation model is constructed. This model includes an upper-layer evacuation model and a lower-layer evacuation model. The upper-layer evacuation model aims to minimize the total evacuation time, while the lower-layer evacuation model aims to maximize the crosswalk efficiency. In the upper-layer evacuation model, the flow transfer equations of the basic road segment cells... As basic cell flow conservation constraints, the flow transfer equation of the low-risk area diversion cell serves as the flow conservation constraint of the low-risk area diversion cell, the flow transfer equation of the high-risk area diversion cell serves as the flow conservation constraint of the high-risk area diversion cell, and the flow transfer equation of the merging cell serves as the flow conservation constraint of the vehicle crossing cell and the flow conservation constraint of the tunnel merging cell where no accident has occurred. In addition, flow conservation constraints of the origin and destination cells, cell flow transmission constraints, vehicle evacuation process constraints, and non-negativity constraints of the traffic flow within the cell are set. The vehicles in the dual-hole tunnel are evacuated based on the aforementioned two-layer vehicle evacuation model.

2. The emergency evacuation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two-hole tunnels are divided into basic sections, diverging sections, and merging sections, both in the tunnel where the accident occurred and in the tunnel where no accident occurred. The basic section is the section of the tunnel that is not connected to the crosswalk. The diverging section is the area where the tunnel where the accident occurred connects to the crosswalk. The merging section is the area where the crosswalk connects to the inner lane of the tunnel where no accident occurred.

3. The emergency evacuation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow transfer equation for the basic road segment cell is: in, The number of vehicles contained in cell i+1 of the basic road segment cell within the simulation step size t; This refers to the number of vehicles contained in cell i within the basic road segment cells within a simulation step size t. , The vehicle flow speed within cell i of the basic road segment cell is given. Let be the vehicle density of cell i in the basic road segment cell at time t; , This represents the number of vehicles contained in cell i-1 of the basic road segment cells within the simulation step size t. To simulate the maximum number of vehicles flowing into cell i within cell i-1 within a step size t, The remaining vehicle capacity of cell i. The backward propagation speed of congestion on the basic road segment. This represents the maximum capacity of cell i. This refers to the free-flow speed on the basic road section.

4. The emergency evacuation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the tunnel where the accident occurred and the tunnel where no accident occurred are one-way two-lane tunnels; the diversion cells in the medium- and low-risk areas include vehicular crosswalk cells. Upstream cells and downstream cells; the upstream cell is located inside the tunnel where the accident occurred and is located within the vehicle crosswalk cell. On the side furthest from the accident site, the upstream cell includes the upstream cell of the left lane. and upstream cells in the right lane The downstream cell is located inside the tunnel where the accident occurred, and is located within the vehicle crosswalk cell. Between the accident point and the downstream cell, the downstream cell includes the left lane downstream cell. and downstream cells of the right lane The flow transfer equations for diversion cells in low- and medium-risk areas include the upstream cells of the left lane. The flow transfer equation and the upstream cell of the right lane The flow transfer equation; Upstream cells in the left lane The flow transfer equation is: in, For the upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t+1 The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t upstream cells upstream cells in the left lane The number of vehicles transmitting; For the upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t Downstream cells in the left lane The number of vehicles transmitting; For the upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t crosswalk cells The number of vehicles transmitting; Upstream cells in the right lane The flow transfer equation is: in, For the upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t+1 The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t upstream cells Upstream cells in the right lane The number of vehicles transmitting; For the upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t Downstream cells in the right lane The number of vehicles transmitting; For the upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t crosswalk cells The number of vehicles being transmitted.

5. The emergency evacuation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Upstream cell of the left lane within simulation step t Downstream cells in the left lane Number of vehicles transmitted for: in, The vehicle escape coefficient; upstream cells of the left lane The adjustment coefficient; For the upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t Number of vehicles sent; For the vehicle crossing cell within the simulation step t The number of vehicles that can be received; For the downstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t The number of vehicles that can be received; Upstream cell of the right lane within simulation step t Downstream cells in the right lane Number of vehicles transmitted for: in, The vehicle escape coefficient; upstream cells of the right lane The adjustment coefficient; For the upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t Number of vehicles sent; For the vehicle crossing cell within the simulation step t The number of vehicles that can be received; For the downstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t The number of vehicles that can be received.

6. The emergency evacuation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The merging cells include vehicular crosswalk cells. upstream cells and downstream cells The upstream cell and the downstream cells All are located in tunnels where no accidents have occurred, situated on opposite sides of the vehicular crosswalk cells, and arranged sequentially along the traffic direction; the flow transfer equation of the vehicular crosswalk cells in the merging cell includes the vehicular crosswalk cells. The flow transfer equation and the downstream cell The flow transfer equation; The crosswalk cells The flow transfer equation is: in, The vehicle crosswalk cell within the simulation step t+1 The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the vehicle crosswalk cell within the simulation step size t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; upstream cells of the left lane The adjustment coefficient; For the upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t To the vehicle crosswalk cells The number of vehicles transmitting; upstream cells of the right lane The adjustment coefficient; For the upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t To the vehicle crosswalk cells The number of vehicles transmitting; For the vehicle crosswalk cell within the simulation step size t Downstream cells The number of vehicles transmitting; The downstream cells The flow transfer equation is: in, For the downstream cells within the simulation step size t+1 The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the downstream cell within the simulation step size t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the vehicle crosswalk cell within the simulation step size t To the downstream cells The number of vehicles transmitting; For the upstream cell within the simulation step size t To the downstream cells The number of vehicles transmitting; For the downstream cell To the downstream cells downstream cells The number of vehicles being transmitted.

7. The emergency evacuation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the tunnel where the accident occurred and the tunnel where no accident occurred are one-way two-lane tunnels; high-risk area diversion cells include: vehicular crosswalk cells. Upstream cells and downstream cells; the upstream cell is located inside the tunnel where the accident occurred and is located within the vehicle crosswalk cell. On the side furthest from the accident site, the upstream cell includes the first upstream cell of the left lane. Left lane second upstream cell The first upstream cell of the right lane and the second upstream cell in the right lane The downstream cell is located in the tunnel where the accident occurred, and is located within the vehicle crosswalk cell. Between the accident point and the downstream cell, the downstream cell includes the left lane downstream cell. and downstream cells of the right lane The flow transfer equation for the diversion cells in high-risk areas includes the second upstream cell in the left lane. The flow transfer equation and the second upstream cell of the right lane The flow transfer equation; Left lane second upstream cell The flow transfer equation is: in, For the second upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t+1 The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the second upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the second upstream cell in the left lane Traffic transmission relationship; For the second upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t To the vehicle crosswalk cells The number of vehicles transmitting; Right lane downstream cells The flow transfer equation is: in, The second upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t+1 The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the second upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step size t The number of vehicles it can accommodate; For the second upstream cell in the right lane Traffic transmission relationship; For the second upstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step size t To the vehicle crosswalk cells The number of vehicles being transmitted.

8. The emergency evacuation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Left lane second upstream cell Traffic transmission relationship for: in, For the second upstream cell in the left lane The adjustment coefficient; For the first upstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t Number of vehicles sent; For the downstream cell of the left lane within the simulation step t Number of vehicles sent; For the simulation step length t, the second upstream cell of the left lane The number of vehicles that can be received; Right lane second upstream cell Traffic transmission relationship for: in, For the second upstream cell in the right lane The adjustment coefficient; Let the first upstream cell of the right lane be within the simulation step t. Number of vehicles sent; For the downstream cell of the right lane within the simulation step t Number of vehicles sent; For the simulation step length t, the second upstream cell of the right lane The number of vehicles that can be received.

9. The emergency evacuation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the evacuation, the lane indicator lights in the tunnel where the accident occurred consisted only of red and green lights, and evacuation was carried out by lane.

10. An emergency evacuation system, characterized in that, For performing the emergency evacuation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; the emergency evacuation system is applicable to a two-bore tunnel including a vehicular crosswalk; the emergency evacuation system comprises: The risk zone division module is used to divide the tunnel where the accident occurred on the inaccessible side of the accident site into low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk zones from farthest to nearest, based on the distance from the accident site. The cell division module is used to divide the dual-hole tunnel into initial cells, merging cells, basic road segment cells, diverging cells, and merging cells. The flow transfer equation acquisition module is used to acquire the flow transfer equations of the basic road segment cells, the flow transfer equations of the merging cells, the flow transfer equations of the low-to-medium risk area diversion cells, and the flow transfer equations of the high-risk area diversion cells; wherein, the flow transfer equations of the low-to-medium risk area diversion cells include the vehicle escape coefficient. The evacuation model construction module is used to construct a two-layer vehicle evacuation model based on the flow transfer equations of the basic road segment cells, the flow transfer equations of the merging cells, the flow transfer equations of the low- and medium-risk area diversion cells, and the flow transfer equations of the high-risk area diversion cells. The two-layer vehicle evacuation model includes an upper-layer evacuation model and a lower-layer evacuation model. The upper-layer evacuation model takes the minimum total evacuation time as its objective function, and the lower-layer evacuation model takes the maximum vehicle crossing efficiency as its objective function. The evacuation control module is used to evacuate vehicles in the dual-hole tunnel based on the dual-layer vehicle evacuation model.

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