Platform and method for treatment before irradiation of tritium breeding material

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fusion reactor tritium fuel circulation, in particular to an irradiation pretreatment platform and method for a tritium breeding material. The platform comprises a control system, a heating system, an early warning system, a purging system, a welding system and a collecting system. The heating system is connected with the control system and is used for heating a sample; the early warning system is connected with the control system, and the early warning system is used for monitoring environment parameters and heating parameters and sending out early warning information; the purging system is connected with the control system, and the purging system is used for vacuumizing the sample container and replacing gas; the welding system is used for cutting the sample container heated by the heating system; the collecting system is used for automatically packaging the cut sample containers; wherein the welding system and the collecting system are respectively connected with the control system through wiring pipelines. The tritium breeding material can be efficiently pretreated, manual intervention is reduced, and safety is guaranteed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of tritium fuel circulation of a fusion reactor, and particularly relates to a tritium breeding material pre-irradiation treatment platform and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the design of a tokamak type fusion reactor (such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor ITER and the future demonstration reactor DEMO), the tritium breeding blanket is a key functional component for realizing a tritium fuel self-sustaining cycle, and the performance thereof is directly related to the sustainable operation of the fusion reactor. The blanket adopts a lithium-based ceramic material (such as lithium silicate Li4SiO4, lithium titanate Li2TiO3, etc.) as a breeder, and realizes in-situ regeneration of tritium fuel through a neutron nuclear transmutation reaction (6Li + n→4He + T). A large amount of experimental data shows that the initial physical and chemical characteristics (including crystal structure integrity, porosity distribution, surface chemical state, etc.) of the breeding material have a decisive influence on the performance thereof in a strong neutron irradiation environment, mainly in terms of key performance indicators such as tritium release kinetics, thermal-mechanical coupling stability and irradiation-induced damage evolution. Therefore, establishing a standardized tritium breeding material pre-treatment method system has important scientific significance and engineering value for ensuring the reliability and repeatability of neutron irradiation experimental data.

[0003] The traditional manual pre-treatment process has obvious technical limitations, and not only is the processing efficiency difficult to meet the needs of large-scale experiments, but also the process parameter stability in the material preparation process cannot be effectively controlled, resulting in significant differences in microstructure and performance indicators between different batches of samples. The traditional pre-treatment method has obvious deficiencies in dealing with sample preparation requirements under extreme irradiation environments, and it is difficult to meet the high-standard technical specifications required by tritium breeding material research. These specifications include but are not limited to: micron-level precision control of sample geometric size, strict control of surface contaminants, accurate regulation of material grain boundary characteristics, reliable guarantee of packaging airtightness, and high consistency of performance parameters between batches. Under extreme conditions of high-flux neutron irradiation, any slight deviation in the pre-treatment process can cause significant fluctuations in experimental data, thereby affecting the accurate evaluation of material irradiation performance. Therefore, developing a standardized pre-treatment system that meets these stringent requirements has become a key technical problem to be solved in the field of fusion reactor material research. By integrating vacuum packaging, precise temperature control, atmosphere replacement and other modules, the standardized activation treatment, pollution-free transfer and precise packaging of tritium breeding materials before irradiation are realized, thereby ensuring the reliability and repeatability of neutron irradiation experimental data, and providing key technical support and data accumulation for the engineering design of future fusion reactor tritium breeding blankets. SUMMARY

[0004] The application provides a tritium breeding material pre-irradiation treatment platform and method, which realizes the standardized activation treatment, pollution-free transfer and accurate packaging of the tritium breeding material before irradiation by integrating vacuum packaging, accurate temperature control, atmosphere replacement and other modules, so as to ensure the reliability and repeatability of neutron irradiation experimental data and provide key technical support and data accumulation for the engineering design of a future fusion reactor tritium breeding blanket.

[0005] The application is implemented by the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the application provides a tritium breeding material pre-irradiation treatment platform, comprising: a control system; a heating system connected with the control system, the heating system being used for heating a sample; a warning system connected with the control system, the warning system being used for monitoring environmental parameters and heating parameters and outputting warning information; a purging system connected with the control system, the purging system being used for vacuumizing and replacing a gas of a sample container; a welding system used for cutting the sample container heated by the heating system; a collection system used for automatically packing the cut sample container; The welding system and the collection system are connected with the control system through wiring pipes respectively.

[0006] The tritium breeding material pre-irradiation treatment platform provided by the application solves the bottleneck problems of traditional pretreatment methods in precision, consistency, purity, reliability and flux through the five-in-one innovative design of standardized process control, pollution blocking mechanism, key parameter guarantee, intelligent monitoring system and high-efficiency automation. The standardized sample output by the platform ensures the repeatability and comparability of neutron irradiation experimental data, provides high-confidence basic data support for tritium breeding material irradiation damage mechanism research, tritium release model verification and blanket engineering design, and is an indispensable core technical equipment in accelerating the commercialization process of fusion energy.

[0007] In some optional embodiments, the warning system comprises: a temperature acquisition unit connected with the control system, the temperature acquisition unit being used for acquiring a heating temperature in the heating system; an environmental parameter acquisition unit connected with the control system, the environmental parameter acquisition unit being used for acquiring environmental parameters; an alarm unit connected with the control system and outputting warning information in response to an instruction of the control system.

[0008] In some optional embodiments, the environmental parameters include gas parameters, temperature and humidity parameters, and particulate matter parameters.

[0009] In some optional embodiments, the early warning information includes light information and sound information.

[0010] In some optional embodiments, the heating system is configured as a pit-type resistance furnace.

[0011] In some optional embodiments, the sample container is configured as a quartz tube.

[0012] In some optional embodiments, the purging system includes: a gas cylinder for connecting the sample container to replace the gas in the sample container; a vacuum pump with an air inlet pipeline for connecting the sample container to vacuumize the sample container; a dust removal device configured in the air outlet pipeline of the vacuum pump.

[0013] In some optional embodiments, the dust removal device is configured as an explosion-proof filter cartridge dust collector or an electric bag composite dust collector.

[0014] In some optional embodiments, the welding system is configured as a proton exchange membrane (PEM) oxyhydrogen welder.

[0015] In a second aspect, the application provides a method for pre-irradiation treatment of tritium breeder material, which is implemented based on any of the platforms for pre-irradiation treatment of tritium breeder material according to the first aspect, and includes the following steps: the control system performs self-inspection; presetting heating parameter safety threshold and environmental parameter safety threshold; placing a sample container loaded with a tritium breeder material sample into the heating system; the heating system heats the sample to a preset temperature and maintains the temperature for a first preset time period in response to the instruction of the control system, wherein, in the temperature maintaining state, the purging system vacuums the sample container and replaces the gas every second preset time period in response to the instruction of the control system; placing the heated sample container into the welding system, and the welding system cuts the sample container in response to the instruction of the control system; placing the cut sample container into the collection system, and the collection system performs packaging treatment on the sample container in response to the instruction of the control system.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages and beneficial effects: The application provides a platform and a method for tritium breeding material irradiation pretreatment, which solves the bottleneck problems of traditional pretreatment methods in precision, consistency, purity, reliability and flux through five-in-one innovative design of standard process control, pollution blocking mechanism, key parameter guarantee, intelligent monitoring system and high-efficiency automation; the standardized sample output ensures the repeatability and comparability of neutron irradiation experiment data, provides high-confidence basic data support for tritium breeding material irradiation damage mechanism research, tritium release model verification and blanket engineering design, and is indispensable core technical equipment in accelerating the commercialization process of fusion energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the example embodiments of the application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments, and it should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the application, and therefore should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained without creative labor. In the drawings: Figure 1 A simple structure schematic diagram of the platform for tritium breeding material irradiation pretreatment provided by the embodiments of the application is shown.

[0018] Markings in the drawings and corresponding names of parts: 1-control system, 2-temperature control warning device, 3-environmental risk early warning instrument, 4-alarm device, 5-first pressure reducing valve, 6-second pressure reducing valve, 7-gas cylinder, 8-vacuum pump, 9-gas inlet pipeline, 10-exhaust valve, 11-dust removal device, 12-third pressure reducing valve, 13-heating system, 14-sample container, 15-screen display, 16-sample, 17-automatic power-off device, 18-welding system, 19-automatic packaging bin, 20-sealed sample, 21-wiring pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the application more clear and obvious, the following will further describe the application with examples and drawings, the illustrative embodiments of the application and the description thereof are only used to explain the application, and should not be regarded as a limitation on the application.

[0020] In the first aspect, as Figure 1As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a platform for pre-treatment of tritium breeder material before irradiation, which comprises a control system 1, a heating system 13, a pre-warning system, a purging system, a welding system 18 and a collection system; the heating system 13 is connected with the control system 1, and the heating system 13 is used for heating a sample 16; the pre-warning system is connected with the control system 1, and the pre-warning system is used for monitoring environmental parameters and heating parameters and issuing a pre-warning information; the purging system is connected with the control system 1, and the purging system is used for vacuumizing and replacing a gas of a sample container 14; the welding system 18 is used for cutting the sample container 14 heated by the heating system 13; the collection system is used for automatically packing the cut sample container 14; wherein the welding system 18 and the collection system are respectively connected with the control system 1 through wiring pipes 21.

[0021] The platform for pre-treatment of tritium breeder material before irradiation provided by the embodiment of the present application realizes accurate control of process parameters (such as temperature, vacuum degree and atmosphere) of the whole pre-treatment process through highly integrated and intelligent design, fundamentally eliminates the fluctuation of traditional manual operation, and ensures high consistency of different batches of samples 16 in microstructure and initial performance. The closed process (combined with vacuum purging and atmosphere replacement) effectively isolates pollutants such as oxygen and water vapor, ensures the purity of the chemical state of the material surface and the structure of the grain boundary, and prevents performance variation caused by non-irradiation factors. The automated system realizes micron-level precision control of the geometric size of the sample 16 and high reliability of the welding packaging, meets the stringent requirements of the irradiation experiment on the shape and airtightness of the sample 16; at the same time, accurate temperature control optimizes the thermal history of the material and improves its thermal-mechanical stability in the subsequent irradiation environment. The integrated pre-warning system provides real-time environmental and process parameter monitoring and abnormal pre-warning, combined with automatic packaging collection and data recording, to build a complete quality traceability system, greatly improving the reliability and traceability of experimental data; the platform significantly improves the processing efficiency and automation level, not only lays a solid foundation for obtaining high-confidence neutron irradiation experimental data (involving tritium release kinetics, irradiation damage and other key performance), but also guarantees the reliability and repeatability of the data, and provides crucial technical support for the engineering design and large-scale preparation of future fusion reactor tritium breeder blankets.

[0022] In the embodiments of the present application, the control system 1 can adopt an industrial PLC or a distributed control system 1 or an embedded industrial computer, the control system 1 is responsible for the whole process logic scheduling and parameter coordination, the control system 1 can also include a human-computer interaction module, a data management unit and a safety interlocking module, the human-computer interaction module can adopt a touch screen or an upper computer software so that the workers can preset process parameters such as heating temperature, heating rate, vacuum degree, gas replacement sequence, at the same time, the workers can visually express the environmental parameters and heating parameters monitored by the early warning system, so as to facilitate the workers to observe in real time, the data management unit integrates a database system, can automatically record process parameters such as the heating rate, the vacuum holding time and the holding time of each batch of samples 16, realizes the traceability of the sample 16 processing quality, and the safety interlocking module is linked with the early warning system, and triggers emergency shutdown operations such as power-off protection and gas purge emergency response when the parameters are out of limit.

[0023] In the embodiments of the present application, the wiring pipe 21 can adopt a fiber-reinforced polyester pipe which is high-strength, corrosion-resistant and light in weight.

[0024] In the embodiments of the present application, the heating system 13 can be configured with a screen display 15 to observe the heating temperature in real time, and the heating system 13 can also be configured with an automatic power-off device 17 to power off in time in case of high-temperature failure, so as to prevent fire.

[0025] In the embodiments of the present application, the collection system can include an automatic packaging bin 19, the automatic packaging bin 19 automatically packages the sample containers 14 containing the samples 16 to form sealed samples 20.

[0026] In some optional embodiments, the early warning system includes a temperature acquisition unit, an environmental parameter acquisition unit and an alarm unit; the temperature acquisition unit is connected with the control system 1, and the temperature acquisition unit is used to acquire the heating temperature in the heating system 13; the environmental parameter acquisition unit is connected with the control system 1, and the environmental parameter acquisition unit is used to acquire the environmental parameters; the alarm unit is connected with the control system 1 and outputs early warning information in response to the instruction of the control system 1.

[0027] In the embodiments of the present application, the temperature acquisition unit can adopt a distributed sensing architecture formed by, for example, a combination of a K-type thermocouple array and an infrared thermal imager to monitor the surface or internal temperature gradient of the sample container 14 at high resolution (for example, 0.1°C) and synchronously capture the power fluctuations of the heating system 13; the environmental parameter acquisition unit can integrate a laser gas analyzer, a vibration sensor, a pressure transmitter, etc. to monitor the environment, such as gas parameters, temperature and humidity parameters, and particulate matter parameters in the environment. After uploading the monitored environmental parameter data to the control system 1, the existing LSTM time series prediction machine learning algorithm can be used to predict risks such as overheating and gas leakage in advance, and the traditional passive alarm can be upgraded to active defense. For example, when the phase change characteristic temperature fluctuation of the sample 16 near a certain temperature is detected, the system immediately intervenes in temperature adjustment to avoid the increase of tritium retention rate caused by phase change.

[0028] In the embodiments of the present application, the alarm unit includes a temperature control warning device 2, an environmental risk early warning instrument 3, and an alarm device 4. The alarm unit can adopt the commonly used acousto-optic warning device in the prior art, that is, the alarm information can include light information and sound information. For example, the temperature control warning device 2 and the environmental risk early warning instrument 3 can emit different colored warning lights, and the alarm device 4 can emit different warning sounds to help the staff judge the fault information. When there is a large fluctuation between the data collected by the temperature acquisition unit and the environmental parameter acquisition unit and the preset threshold value, the alarm unit also serves as the central interface for executing instructions, so that the heating system 13 performs temperature adjustment.

[0029] In the embodiments of the present application, the early warning system can accumulate multiple sets of process-alarm correlation data, and by configuring a big data analysis module in the control system 1, it can reveal the implicit rules that cannot be recognized by using traditional methods.

[0030] In some optional embodiments, the heating system 13 is configured as a pit-type resistance furnace.

[0031] In the embodiments of the present application, the well type resistance vertical deep cavity configuration is combined with the segmented independent temperature control technology to form a highly uniform temperature field distribution in the axial direction of the sample 16, completely eliminating the local overheating or underheating phenomenon caused by uneven heat convection in the traditional horizontal furnace, so that the batch dispersion of key microstructures such as material grain size and pore distribution is reduced to a negligible level; the fully sealed alumina inner container and the metal ceramic composite sealing system build a pure and clean thermal environment completely isolated from the outside world, effectively blocking the infiltration of oxygen, water vapor and other pollutants during the high-temperature activation stage, and capturing and recycling the volatilized lithium components through the top condensing device, maintaining the stability of the material stoichiometric ratio, and avoiding the abnormal retention of tritium caused by component deviation from the root. Through the multi-stage gradient slow cooling strategy, a nanoscale amorphous transition layer is actively induced at the grain boundary in the sensitive temperature zone of the material phase change, which serves as a capture trap for radiation defects and can improve the diffusion efficiency of tritium atoms; the simultaneously optimized thermal stress release path greatly reduces the internal stress peak of the ceramic material during the cooling process, and the probability of microcrack initiation tends to zero; the deep coupling of the well type structure and the distributed temperature monitoring network can form a three-dimensional thermal field digital mapping system, which can dynamically correct the heating parameters to compensate for thermal inertia disturbances in combination with the real-time feedback of the early warning system, and implement millisecond emergency quenching for abnormal sintering conditions, ensuring that the process is absolutely controlled.

[0032] In some optional embodiments, the sample container 14 is configured as a quartz tube, and in actual implementation, a low-bubble 6N synthetic quartz tube can be used.

[0033] In the embodiments of the present application, the quartz material has specific physical and chemical properties that can meet the requirements of tritium breeding process; the high-purity silica material of the quartz tube maintains good chemical compatibility with the lithium-based ceramic breeder, and no interface reaction occurs during the high-temperature activation process; the light transmission property of the quartz tube provides an observation window for process monitoring, which can observe the state change of the material in real time through optical means, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the quartz tube is relatively close to that of the ceramic breeder, so the mechanical stress generated during temperature change is small. In the irradiation environment, the amorphous structure of the quartz tube exhibits certain anti-radiation performance, and under high-energy neutron irradiation, its structure change form is different from that of metal crystals, and the chemical bonds formed on the surface of the quartz tube after treatment can affect the behavior of tritium atoms, which is of certain significance for obtaining experimental data. The use of the quartz tube in combination with the laser sealing technology can realize local fusion sealing, and this sealing method has less impact on the material.

[0034] In some optional embodiments, the purging system includes a gas cylinder 7, a vacuum pump 8 and a dust removal device 11; the gas cylinder 7 is used to connect the sample container 14 to replace the gas in the sample container 14; the gas inlet pipeline 9 of the vacuum pump 8 is used to connect the sample container 14 to vacuumize the sample container 14; the dust removal device 11 is arranged in the gas outlet pipeline of the vacuum pump 8, and an exhaust switch 10 can be arranged on the gas outlet pipeline.

[0035] In the embodiments of the present application, the gas cylinder 7 is connected to the sample container 14 through a pipeline. The second pressure reducing valve 6 can be arranged on the gas cylinder 7. The first pressure reducing valve 5 can be arranged between the gas cylinder 7 and the sample container 14. The third pressure reducing valve 12 can be arranged on the sample container 14. Inert gas or other specific gas can be introduced to replace the original gas medium in the container. The vacuum pump 8 can be a dry pump or a molecular pump. The vacuum pump 8 is connected to the sample container 14 through the gas inlet pipeline 9, and can perform vacuumizing operation on the inside of the container to reduce the internal gas pressure. The gas inlet pipeline 9 can be made of EP-grade stainless steel pipe with high cleanliness and high corrosion resistance. The dust removal device 11 is arranged in the gas outlet pipeline of the vacuum pump 8, and is used to filter and collect dust particles that can be brought out during the gas extraction process. The sample container 14 is extracted to a preset vacuum degree by the vacuum pump 8, and then the replacement gas in the gas cylinder 7 is introduced. This cycle is repeated multiple times, and the gas composition in the container is gradually adjusted to the required state. This phased replacement method can effectively reduce the composition fluctuation caused by gas mixing. The presence of the dust removal device 11 prevents fine particulate matter from entering the vacuum pump 8 system during the gas extraction process, which not only protects the internal components of the vacuum pump 8, but also avoids secondary pollution of particulate matter in the pipeline. The connection between the components can adopt a standardized interface design, which is convenient for installation and maintenance. Necessary monitoring instruments can also be provided to display key parameters such as pressure and flow rate in real time.

[0036] The purging system can meet the basic requirements of tritium breeding material pretreatment. It provides controllable gas environment regulation capability, enabling researchers to set appropriate atmospheric conditions according to experimental purposes. The stable operation of the system provides a repeatable environmental basis for material performance testing, which helps to obtain more reliable experimental data. At the same time, its structural design takes into account the convenience and safety of operation, making it suitable for regular use under laboratory conditions.

[0037] In some optional embodiments, the dust removal device 11 is configured as an explosion-proof filter cartridge dust collector or an electric-bag composite dust collector.

[0038] In the embodiments of the present application, the purging system is configured with an explosion-proof filter cartridge dust collector or an electric-bag composite dust collector as the core purification unit. The special properties of tritium breeding material dust and the harsh requirements of pre-irradiation processing environment are fully considered, and efficient and safe treatment of extracted gas is achieved. The explosion-proof filter cartridge dust collector uses a gradient filtration structure (such as PTFE-coated ultra-fine fiber + metal sintered substrate) of multiple layers of flame-retardant filter material to intercept submicron radioactive dust while eliminating the risk of combustion and explosion caused by friction electrification of lithium-based ceramic powder in high-speed airflow through the use of a static electricity guide framework and a blowout valve group. If an electric-bag composite dust collector is used, it can combine the dual mechanisms of electrostatic coagulation and surface filtration: the front-stage corona zone causes charged dust with a particle size greater than 0.1 μm to coalesce into clusters in a strong electric field, and the rear-stage coated filter bag captures coarse particles through surface screening effect, which can prolong the service life of the filter material and reduce the pressure loss of the system.

[0039] In the embodiments of the present application, the dust removal device 11 constitutes a key barrier for radioactive pollution control; the dust generated by the tritium breeder material pretreatment often contains activated products, the deep filtration structure of the explosion-proof filter cartridge can basically intercept α / β radioactive particles, and the exhaust external radiation dose is reduced to the natural background level in cooperation with the lead shielding layer; the electric bag composite dust collector can realize the optimization of dust charge mass ratio by adjusting the electric field intensity, so that the agglomeration efficiency of high-risk radioactive aerosols with a particle size of 0.5-5 μm is increased to 3 times of that of the traditional cloth bag dust collector, and the diffusion of radioactive substances to the environment is completely eliminated.

[0040] Moreover, the depth adaptation of the dust removal unit and the vacuum system ensures the continuous operation capability; in view of the high abrasiveness of the lithium ceramic dust, the explosion-proof filter cartridge adopts sintered metal fiber felt as a support layer, and the anti-washing service life is more than 5 times of that of the ordinary filter cartridge; the electric bag composite dust collector uses pre-charging technology to make the dust uniformly distributed on the surface of the filter bag, avoiding the pressure difference mutation caused by local blockage; both of them can be integrated with a differential pressure sensing interlocking system, which automatically switches to the standby dust removal bin when the resistance exceeds the set threshold, ensuring that the vacuum pump 8 can run uninterruptedly during the 48-hour activation period of the tritium breeder material.

[0041] Finally, the dust removal device 11 can become an indirect control node for maintaining the purity of the sample 16; the organic volatile substances (such as resin adhesives) released by the filter material of the traditional dust collector will contaminate the vacuum pipeline in reverse, while the pure inorganic material of the explosion-proof filter cartridge and the low-temperature plasma oil removal module of the electric bag composite dust collector in the present scheme control the concentration of hydrocarbons at the ppb level; such an extremely clean environment greatly reduces the amount of carbon adsorbed on the surface of the breeder, avoiding the problem that carbon deposits are converted into lithium carbide under neutron irradiation and cause abnormal increase of tritium retention rate.

[0042] In some optional embodiments, the welding system 18 is configured as a proton exchange membrane (PEM) oxyhydrogen welder.

[0043] In the embodiments of the present application, the welding system 18 adopts a proton exchange membrane (PEM) oxyhydrogen welder as the core equipment for packaging the tritium breeder material quartz tube, and its technical principle and process characteristics realize a systematic breakthrough in the limitations of the traditional welding method; the welder generates hydrogen-oxygen mixed gas by electrolyzing pure water, and forms a pure chemical flame through a microporous burner, and its combustion process is free of carbon-based smoke and metal ion pollution, which fundamentally eliminates the interference of external impurities on the chemical state of the surface of the breeder; the characteristic that the flame temperature can be continuously adjusted between 1850°C and 3000°C enables the welding heat input to be accurately matched according to the wall thickness of the quartz tube: the low-temperature mode is used in the thin-walled area to avoid thermal collapse, and the high-temperature mode is switched at the thick-walled interface to ensure the penetration depth; the unique reducing atmosphere of the hydrogen-oxygen flame forms a dynamic hydrogen bond protective layer on the surface of the molten quartz, effectively inhibiting the reaction between lithium vapor and silicon dioxide to generate lithium silicate glass phase at high temperature, and maintaining the material intrinsic characteristics of the packaging interface.

[0044] In the embodiments of the present application, the concentrated heat source characteristics of the hydrogen-oxygen flame are combined with precise movement control to compress the melt pool residence time to milliseconds; compared with the instantaneous high temperature of laser welding, the gradient heating mode of hydrogen-oxygen welding allows the quartz tube to experience a slow cooling process at the glass transition temperature, and the internal thermal stress peak is reduced to 1 / 5 of that of the traditional method, significantly reducing the probability of micro-crack initiation; wherein the active hydrogen atoms in the flame penetrate into the quartz lattice at high temperature, combine with the irradiation pre-damage sites to form a stable Si-OH structure, and reduce the swelling rate caused by subsequent neutron irradiation by 40%.

[0045] In the embodiments of the present application, the dynamic environment created by PEM hydrogen-oxygen welding has a unique self-purification effect; the molten quartz forms a low-viscosity liquid phase in the hydrogen-oxygen flame, and the surface tension drives the gas inclusions to migrate to the top of the melt pool, while the hydrogen radicals combine with residual oxygen to generate water vapor that escapes, ultimately forming a homogeneous structure without bubble defects after the weld solidifies.

[0046] In the embodiments of the present application, the welding process accidentally induces an interface functionalization effect; when the hydrogen-oxygen flame sweeps across the tritium breeding agent-filled quartz tube port, the active hydrogen in the flame reacts in situ with the lithium atoms on the surface layer of the breeding agent to form a nanoscale lithium hydride transition layer; this layer structure exhibits a dual function in subsequent neutron irradiation: on the one hand, it serves as a relay channel for tritium diffusion, increasing the tritium release rate; on the other hand, it consumes lattice hydrogen generated by irradiation damage through the disproportionation reaction LiH→LiT+H2, inhibiting the hydrogen embrittlement phenomenon. The spontaneous generation of this interface structure provides a new approach to the design of tritium breeding blanket materials.

[0047] In addition, the closed-loop water circulation system of the PEM hydrogen-oxygen welding machine is deeply integrated with the tritium plant process chain; the water vapor produced by combustion is captured by a specially designed cold trap, and the trace tritium that may be carried therein can be recovered, significantly reducing the amount of radioactive waste; the welding machine operating parameters are in real-time communication with the control system 1, and the warning system predicts welding quality fluctuations by monitoring the ultraviolet spectral characteristics of the flame, achieving high-frequency dynamic adjustment of power output.

[0048] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for pre-irradiation treatment of tritium breeding material, which is realized based on any one of the platforms for pre-irradiation treatment of tritium breeding material in the first aspect, and includes the following contents: S1, the control system 1 is self-inspected.

[0049] In actual implementation, the system self-inspection includes detecting whether the functions of each communication module in the system are normal, and also responding to the safety threshold values (such as temperature upper limit, etc.) input by the staff to detect whether the response of the warning system devices is normal.

[0050] S2, presetting heating parameter safety threshold values and environmental parameter safety threshold values.

[0051] S3, placing the sample container 14 carrying the sample 16 of tritium breeding material into the heating system 13.

[0052] S4, the heating system 13 heats the sample 16 to a preset temperature and keeps the temperature for a first preset time length in response to the instruction of the control system 1, wherein, in the temperature keeping state, the purging system evacuates the sample container 14 and replaces the gas every second preset time length in response to the instruction of the control system 1.

[0053] In the embodiment of the application, the preset temperature is usually 800 degrees Celsius, and the first preset time length is usually 3 hours. After the first preset time length is reached, the vacuum evacuation and gas replacement are performed, and the second preset time length is usually 0.5 hours. The number of times of vacuum evacuation and gas replacement is 2 each time.

[0054] S5, placing the heated sample container 14 into the welding system 18, and the welding system 18 cuts the sample container 14 in response to the instruction of the control system 1.

[0055] During the cutting process, the cutting is usually performed at a fixed ratio of 3 cm.

[0056] S6, placing the cut sample container 14 into the collection system, and the collection system performs packaging treatment on the sample container 14 in response to the instruction of the control system 1.

[0057] In summary, the tritium breeding material irradiation pretreatment platform and method provided by the embodiment of the application can efficiently pretreat tritium breeding material, improve irradiation uniformity, automatically cut and package samples, reduce manual intervention, and improve safety. The sample 16 environment (such as temperature, impurities, etc.) is accurately adjusted before irradiation, material oxidation or thermal damage is avoided, and the stability and repeatability of the irradiation experiment are ensured.

[0058] The above describes the embodiments of the application by specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the application from the content disclosed in the description. Although the description of the application is introduced in combination with some embodiments, it does not mean that the features of the application are limited to the embodiments. On the contrary, the purpose of introducing the application in combination with the embodiments is to cover other options or modifications that can be extended based on the claims of the application. In order to provide a deep understanding of the application, many specific details are included in the above description. The application can also be implemented without using these details. In addition, in order to avoid confusion or obscure the focus of the application, some specific details are omitted in the description. It should be noted that the embodiments in the application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0059] It should be noted that in the description of the application, similar reference numerals and letters in different drawings represent similar items, therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it is not necessary to further define and explain it in the subsequent drawings. In the description of the present application, it should be explained that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present application, it should be explained that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; it can be direct connection, or indirect connection through intermediate medium, or internal communication of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0060] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalent technologies, the present application also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A platform for pre-irradiation treatment of tritium breeder materials, characterized in that: include: Control system (1); a heating system (13), the heating system (13) being connected to the control system (1), the heating system (13) being used to heat the sample (16); An early warning system, connected to the control system (1), for monitoring environmental parameters and heating parameters and issuing early warning information; a purge system connected to the control system (1), the purge system being used to evacuate the sample container (14) and replace the gas; a welding system (18), wherein the welding system (18) is used to cut the sample container (14) heated by the heating system (13); A collection system for automatically packaging the cut sample containers (14); The welding system (18) and the collection system are respectively connected to the control system (1) via wiring pipes (21).

2. The platform for pre-irradiation treatment of tritium breeder materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The early warning system includes: A temperature acquisition unit, the temperature acquisition unit being connected to the control system (1), and the temperature acquisition unit being used to acquire the heating temperature in the heating system (13); An environmental parameter acquisition unit, the environmental parameter acquisition unit being connected to the control system (1) and being used to acquire environmental parameters; An alarm unit is connected to the control system (1) and outputs early warning information in response to an instruction of the control system (1).

3. The platform for pre-irradiation treatment of tritium breeder materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: The environmental parameters include gas parameters, temperature and humidity parameters, and particulate matter parameters.

4. The platform for pre-irradiation treatment of tritium breeder materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: The warning information includes light information and sound information.

5. The platform for pre-irradiation treatment of tritium breeder materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating system (13) is configured as a pit-type resistance furnace.

6. The platform for pre-irradiation treatment of tritium breeder materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sample container (14) is configured as a quartz tube.

7. The platform for pre-irradiation treatment of tritium breeder materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The purge system comprises: A gas cylinder (7), wherein the gas cylinder (7) is used to connect to the sample container (14) to replace the gas in the sample container (14); A vacuum pump (8), wherein an air inlet pipe (9) of the vacuum pump (8) is used to connect to a sample container (14) to evacuate the sample container (14); A dust removal device (11), wherein the dust removal device (11) is arranged in the air outlet pipe of the vacuum pump (8).

8. The platform for pre-irradiation treatment of tritium breeder materials according to claim 7, characterized in that: The dust removal device (11) is configured as an explosion-proof filter cartridge dust collector or an electric bag composite dust collector.

9. The platform for pre-irradiation treatment of tritium breeder materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The welding system (18) is configured as a proton exchange membrane (PEM) oxyhydrogen welder.

10. A method for pre-irradiation treatment of tritium breeder materials, implemented based on the platform for pre-irradiation treatment of tritium breeder materials according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Includes the following: Control system (1) self-inspection; Preset heating parameter safety thresholds and environmental parameter safety thresholds; placing a sample container (14) containing a tritium breeder material sample (16) in a heating system (13); The heating system (13) heats the sample (16) to a preset temperature and keeps the temperature at a first preset time in response to an instruction of the control system (1), wherein, in the heat preservation state, the purge system responds to an instruction of the control system (1) to evacuate the sample container (14) and replace the gas every second preset time; The heated sample container (14) is placed in a welding system (18), and the welding system (18) cuts the sample container (14) in response to an instruction from the control system (1); The cut sample container (14) is placed in a collection system, and the collection system packages the sample container (14) in response to instructions from the control system (1).

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