A power operation monitoring method based on big data

Abstract

The application provides a power operation monitoring method based on big data, and belongs to the field of power monitoring; solves the problem of low power operation monitoring efficiency; and specifically as follows: calculating the expected power consumption rate of a municipal district, calculating the power transmission voltage of each primary substation to the municipal district, and monitoring power quality; marking and calculating the additional supplementary power of each to-be-adjusted substation; constructing an admittance matrix, and adjusting the power distribution of secondary substations according to the admittance matrix and the additional supplementary power of each to-be-adjusted substation; updating the expected power consumption rate of each municipal district, continuously adjusting the power transmission voltage and power distribution; the application adjusts the power distribution of corresponding substations and municipal districts by acquiring, analyzing and arranging relevant power data of a target area, and improves the stability of power operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a power operation monitoring method based on big data, and pertains to the field of power monitoring. Background Technology

[0002] Existing methods for monitoring power operation have the following shortcomings:

[0003] Insufficient real-time performance: Current power operation monitoring methods suffer from significant delays in data acquisition and transmission. Many monitoring devices still use periodic data acquisition methods with excessively long sampling intervals, which fail to capture instantaneous changes and rapid transient processes in the power system. This results in an excessively long time consumption from data acquisition to display at the monitoring center.

[0004] Low level of intelligence: The existing power operation monitoring methods are generally not very intelligent, mainly relying on preset rules and thresholds for anomaly detection, lacking a deep understanding of complex operating conditions and the ability to make autonomous judgments; traditional monitoring methods are difficult to effectively process nonlinear, high-dimensional power system data, and show obvious inadequacy when facing the increasingly complex operating conditions of new power systems.

[0005] Poor cost-effectiveness: The high construction and maintenance costs of some existing power monitoring methods restrict their wider application; huge investments are required in hardware such as high-precision sensors and high-performance computing equipment; due to technological limitations, the information value provided by some existing monitoring systems is limited, making it difficult to provide sufficient support for operational decisions; and the functional design of some systems is out of touch with actual needs, affecting the further promotion and application of related technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a power operation monitoring method based on big data, which aims to solve the problem of low efficiency in power operation monitoring.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A power operation monitoring method based on big data includes:

[0008] The system acquires the historical power consumption of each municipality in the target region and performs time-series analysis on the historical power consumption to calculate the expected power consumption rate of each municipality. It also acquires the number of primary substations in the target region, the power supply relationship between each primary substation and its corresponding municipality, and the maximum transmission power and voltage of each primary substation. Based on the expected power consumption rate of each municipality and the type of power transmitted by the substation, it calculates the transmission voltage of each primary substation to its corresponding municipality and monitors the power quality on the transmission lines corresponding to each primary substation. Primary substations with insufficient power supply are marked as substations to be adjusted, and the additional supplementary power for each substation to be adjusted is calculated.

[0009] Obtain the number of secondary substations corresponding to each primary substation; construct an admittance matrix based on the power supply relationship between each secondary substation and its corresponding primary substation; adjust the power allocation of each secondary substation based on the admittance matrix and the additional supplementary power of each substation to be adjusted; analyze the voltage and power changes corresponding to each secondary substation, and check whether there are any abnormalities in the power transmission process from the secondary substation to the primary substation; if so, mark the primary substation with the abnormality and provide feedback; if not, continue monitoring.

[0010] Update the expected electricity consumption rate for each municipal district, continuously adjust the transmission voltage from each primary substation to the municipal district and the power allocation from each secondary substation to the primary substation, and report any abnormal primary substations.

[0011] Furthermore, the specific steps for calculating the transmission voltage are as follows:

[0012] Get the expected electricity consumption rate (mp) of the first to the muth municipal districts. (1) ~mp (mu) ;

[0013] Count the number of municipal districts corresponding to the 1st to fsth level substations, ow (1) ~ow (fa) Among them, ow (1) ~ow (fa) The sum of is mu;

[0014] Analyze the power supply relationship between the first primary power supply station and its corresponding municipal district, and calculate the power transmission voltage from the first primary power supply station to its corresponding municipal district based on the station's maximum transmission power, maximum transmission voltage, and power type.

[0015] ow (1) As owl; the first primary power supply station is designated as station A, and the municipal district corresponding to the first primary power supply station is designated as district b;

[0016] Get the real-time transmission power Pe and real-time transmission voltage Ue of station A at the current time; get the maximum transmission power Pw of station A. (max) and maximum transmission voltage Uw (max) Determine if the value of owl is 1, that is, calculate the transmission voltage from the primary substation to all areas b.

[0017] If the value of owl is 1, then obtain the historical power transmission from station A to area b and the historical power received by area b from station A in the past month; calculate the power loss coefficient μ of station A supplying power to area b based on the historical power transmission and historical power received.

[0018] Obtain the expected power consumption (mpb) in area b;

[0019] Let Up be the voltage transmitted from station A to area b; compare the magnitudes of Pe and mpb, and calculate the value of Uo based on the type of power transmitted by station A.

[0020] Furthermore, the steps for calculating the transmission voltage also include:

[0021] Step S13: If the value of owl is greater than 1, then calculate the power loss coefficient μ of the 1st, 2nd, and up to the owlth b-region. (1) μ (2) ~μ (owl) ;

[0022] Obtain the expected power consumption pb of the first to the owlth b-regions. (1) pb (2) ~pb (owl) ;

[0023] Calculate the power component pr of the first b region. (1) :

[0024] Similarly, the power component pr of the owl-th b region (owl) :

[0025] Calculate pr (1) ~pr (owl) and apr;

[0026] Compare apr with Pe and Pw (max) The size of the voltage is determined, and the transmission voltage of the first to the owlth b zones is calculated based on the type of power transmitted by station A.

[0027] Calculate the transmission voltage of the municipal area corresponding to the 2nd to fsth first-level substations.

[0028] Furthermore, the specific steps for calculating Uo are as follows:

[0029] If Pe ≥ mpb, and station A transmits DC power, then calculate the expected transmission power qPe of station A:

[0030]

[0031] Calculate the value of Uo:

[0032] If Pe < mpb, and station A transmits alternating current, then let Up be the voltage received by area b from station A. Construct equations for Pe and Ue with respect to Up:

[0033]

[0034] Calculate the value of Up, and calculate the voltage difference ΔU corresponding to Up: ΔU=Ue-Up;

[0035] Obtain the AC frequency f transmitted from station A, and calculate the equivalent reactance Xl of the transmission line from station A to area b: Xl = 2 × π × f × Le; where Le represents the inductance of the transmission line from station A to area b.

[0036] Calculate the reactive power Qp corresponding to Up: Where Qp is a complex number;

[0037] Obtain the reactive power Qe at station A at the current time, compare the magnitudes of Qe and Qp, and calculate the value of Uo;

[0038] If Qp ≥ Qe, then the formula for calculating Uo is:

[0039] If Qp < Qe, then the formula for calculating Uo is:

[0040] If Pe < mpb, then compare mpb with Pw. (max) The size of the value determines the steps for calculating Uo;

[0041] If mpb≤Pw (max) Then replace Pe in Formula 1-1 with Pw (max) Replace Pe with Pw in Equations 1-2 and 1-3. (max) Replace Ue with Uw (max) ; Calculate the value of Uo;

[0042] If mpb > Pw (max) If station A is designated as the substation to be adjusted, the additional supplementary power of station A is aPe: aPe = mpb - Pw (max) .

[0043] Furthermore, the specific steps for calculating the transmission voltage of the 1st to owlth b-regions are as follows:

[0044] If Pe≥apr, and station A transmits DC power, then calculate the transmission voltage Uo of the first b zone. (1) :

[0045]

[0046] Similarly, the transmission voltage Uo of the owlth b region (owl) :

[0047] If Pe ≥ apr, and station A transmits AC power, then calculate the expected received voltage Ur corresponding to the 1st to owlth b zones. (1) ~Ur (owl) ;

[0048] Obtain the real-time transmission voltage Uer of station A to the 1st to owlth b zones. (1) ~Uer (owl) ; Calculate Ur (1) ~Ur (owl) The corresponding reactive power Qr (1) ~Qr (owl) ;

[0049] Calculate Qr (1) ~Qr (owl) The sum of aQr; obtain the power factor angle φ of station A, and let the transmission voltage from station A to the 1st to the owlth b-region be Uor:

[0050]

[0051] The transmission voltage of the 1st, 2nd, and up to the owlth b-region is Uor, but the actual transmission power from station A to the 1st to the owlth b-regions is pr, respectively. (1) ~pr (owl) .

[0052] Furthermore, the steps for adjusting the transmission voltage of the first to the owlth b-regions also include:

[0053] If Pw (max) If ≥apr>Pe, then replace Pe with Pw. (max) Repeated calculation of Uo (1) ~Uo (owl) And the calculation process of Uor, calculating the transmission voltage of the 1st to the owlth b-region;

[0054] If apr > Pw (max) Then, station A is marked as a substation to be adjusted, and the transmission voltage of part of area b is adjusted.

[0055] pr (1) ~pr (owl) Sort in ascending order to get PSR (1) ~psr (owl) ;

[0056] In PSR (1) ~psr (owl) Extract the first sum that is greater than or equal to Pw (max) The subscript su is used to calculate psr. (su) ~psr (owl) The sum of these serves as additional supplementary power for Station A;

[0057] Calculate PSR (1) ~psr (su-1) The sum of aps, and repeated calculation of Uo (1) ~Uo(owl) And the calculation process of Uor, calculating PSR (1) ~psr (su-1) The corresponding transmission voltage for area b, and the PSR (1) ~psr (su-1) The transmission voltage in region b is increased by nc times, and the formula for calculating nc is:

[0058]

[0059] Let station C be a primary power supply station, and let the municipal district receiving power from station C be district d. Let the transmission voltage from station C to district d be Uup.

[0060] Obtain the power loss coefficient μd when station C transmits power to area d. Based on the type of power transmitted by station C, define the relationships B-1 to B-3 to determine the power quality of the monitored power.

[0061] Furthermore, the specific steps for defining relations B-1 to B-3 are as follows:

[0062] If station C transmits direct current, then let the transmission voltages of consecutive adjacent substations ta and (ta+1) on the transmission line from station C to area d be Uc. (ta) and Uc (ta+1) ;

[0063] Define relation B-1: |Uc (ta+1) -Uc (ta) |≤(μd×Uup);

[0064] Based on relation B-1, calculate the anomaly rate of station C.

[0065] If the anomaly rate of station C exceeds ζ within one hour, it indicates that the power quality supplied by station C is unstable and needs to be inspected; otherwise, no action is taken; where ζ represents the judgment coefficient.

[0066] If station C transmits alternating current (AC), then obtain the AC frequency fc transmitted by station C, and obtain the voltage phase ψ of station C from the 1st to the fcth Hz within a complete cycle. (1) ~ψ (fc) ;

[0067] Obtain the maximum transmission voltage Uu of station C (max) Let the three-phase voltages on the transmission line from station C to area d be Ua(s), Ub(s), and Uc(s) at second s, and let the voltage phase of Ua(s) be Φ. Define relation B-2:

[0068]

[0069] Where Har(s) represents the harmonic term of the transmission voltage in seconds s:

[0070] Where, ψ (v) This indicates the voltage phase corresponding to the vth Hz.

[0071] Suppose that on the transmission line from station C to area d, the actual three-phase voltages at second s are Uai(s), Ubi(s), and Uci(s), and define the relationship B-3:

[0072]

[0073] Based on relation B-3, calculate the anomaly rate of station C within one minute. Anomaly rate = (nt / 60) × 100%.

[0074] If the anomaly rate of station C exceeds ζ within one minute, it indicates that the power quality supplied by station C is unstable and needs to be inspected; otherwise, no action is taken.

[0075] Based on equations B-1 to B-3, monitor the power quality of the first to fs-th primary substations.

[0076] Furthermore, the specific steps for constructing the admittance matrix for power allocation are as follows:

[0077] The number of secondary substations (fe) is counted. Based on the power supply relationship between each secondary substation and its corresponding primary substation, an admittance matrix is ​​constructed and power is allocated.

[0078] Let the first secondary substation be station II, the primary substation corresponding to station II be station I, and the number of stations I be ol;

[0079] Determine if ol is 1 and construct the admittance matrix; determine if each station I is a substation to be adjusted, and redistribute the power of station II based on the admittance matrix;

[0080] If ol is 1, then the admittance matrix of station II is not constructed, and the transmission power Pw of station II is obtained. (Ⅱ) reactive power Qw (Ⅱ) ;

[0081] Determine if Station I is a substation to be adjusted, and adjust Pw accordingly. (Ⅱ) and Qw (Ⅱ) ;

[0082] If Station I is a substation to be adjusted, then obtain the additional supplementary power Pa from Station I;

[0083] Calculate the power factor fa of station II:

[0084] The transmission power of Station II will be changed from Pw (Ⅱ) Transform into Pwe: Pwe = pa + Pw (Ⅱ) ;

[0085] Let Qw (Ⅱ) Calculate the new power factor fb for station II, keeping it unchanged:

[0086] Let fa remain unchanged, calculate the new reactive power Qwb of station II:

[0087] Calculate the power factor variation coefficient bf:

[0088] The reactive power variation coefficient bQ:

[0089] Compare the values ​​of bf and bQ, and adjust the reactive power of station I.

[0090] If bf ≥ bQ, then the reactive power of station I is adjusted to Qwb; if bf < bQ, then the reactive power of station I remains unchanged.

[0091] If Station I is not a substation to be dispatched, then no action will be taken;

[0092] If ol is not 1, then obtain the transmission power pi of the 1st to olth stations I. (1) ~pi (ol) Transmission voltage ui (1) ~ui (ol) reactive power qi (1) ~qi (ol) Power allocation is performed on station II.

[0093] Furthermore, the specific steps for power allocation at station II are as follows:

[0094] Based on the transmission power and reactive power of each station I, combine the complex power se of the first station I. (1) ,se (1) =pi (1) +qi (1) ×j;

[0095] Similarly, the complex power se of the olth station I (ol) ,se (ol) =pi (ol) +qi (ol) ×j; where j represents the imaginary unit;

[0096] Obtain additional supplementary power pli from the 1st to the olth I stations (1) ~pli (ol) ;

[0097] Obtain the apparent power pac and voltage uac of station II, and calculate the equivalent admittance Yy from station II to the first station I. (1) :

[0098] Similarly, the equivalent admittance Yy of the ol-th Type-I substation (ol) :

[0099] Calculate Yy (1) ~Yy (ol) and sum them up as aYy, which is used as the self-admittance of the Type-II substation;

[0100] Construct a ((ol + 1)×(ol + 1)) zero matrix and fill in Yy (1) ~Yy (ol) and aYy to obtain the initial admittance matrix Yg of the Type-II substation;

[0101] Obtain the rated power PE (max) , rated voltage UE (max) of the Type-II substation; Let the power factor angle of the Type-II substation be υ;

[0102] Obtain the rated voltages of the 1st to ol-th Type-I substations as Uol (1) ~Uol (ol) , and let the power factor angles of the 1st to ol-th Type-I substations be φ (1) ~φ (ol) ;

[0103] Construct the voltage matrix Ug and power matrix Pg, and define formula C: Pg = Yg×Ug;

[0104] Use the Newton-Raphson algorithm to calculate the values of φ (1) ~φ (ol) , and the active power transmitted from the Type-II substation to the 1st Type-I substation is [(se (1) +pli (1) )×cos(φ (1) )], and the reactive power is [(se (1) +pli (1) )×sin(φ (1) )];

[0105] Similarly, the active power transmitted from the Type-II substation to the ol-th Type-I substation is [(se (ol) +pli (ol) )×cos(φ (ol) )], and the reactive power is [(se (1) , and the reactive power is [(se +pli (1) )×sin(φ (1) )];

[0106] Complete the power distribution of 1 secondary substation;

[0107] Perform power distribution for the 2nd to fe-th secondary substations.

[0108] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0109] Comprehensive Power Quality Analysis: This invention conducts multi-dimensional quality analysis on the power types of primary substations, enabling a comprehensive assessment of power supply reliability. The proposed method not only focuses on traditional basic parameters such as voltage and frequency but also delves into advanced indicators such as harmonic content, three-phase imbalance, voltage fluctuation, and flicker. By establishing a comprehensive evaluation system, various power quality indicators are normalized into a unified quality score, providing an intuitive reference for decision-making.

[0110] Admittance Matrix Construction and Topology Relationship Optimization: The admittance matrix constructed based on the topology relationships between substations is the core foundation of the power flow calculation in this invention. The method proposed in this invention automatically generates an accurate admittance matrix representation by intelligently analyzing the power grid topology. Compared with traditional modeling, this method has three major advantages: First, it can track changes in the power grid structure in real time, maintaining the timeliness of the model; second, it improves the update speed of the admittance matrix through parallel computing technology; and third, the topology verification algorithm built into the admittance matrix can effectively identify and correct modeling errors.

[0111] Power allocation accuracy: This invention achieves accurate solutions for power allocation in secondary substations based on power flow calculation using the admittance matrix. The calculation results strictly satisfy the basic equations of the power system, ensuring the physical rationality of the solution. It can automatically consider network losses to achieve more economical power allocation. It supports flexible setting of various constraints to meet different operational needs. Attached Figure Description

[0112] Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0113] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method of the present invention;

[0114] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the substation of the present invention;

[0115] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the processing flow of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0116] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0117] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 3 A big data-based power operation monitoring method includes:

[0118] Step S1: Obtain the historical power consumption of each municipal district in the target area, perform time-series analysis on the historical power consumption, and calculate the expected power consumption rate of each municipal district; obtain the number of primary substations in the target area, obtain the power supply relationship between each primary substation and its corresponding municipal district (i.e., the municipal district supplied by the primary substation), and the maximum transmission power and maximum transmission voltage of each primary substation; calculate the transmission voltage of each primary substation to the corresponding municipal district based on the expected power consumption rate of each municipal district and the type of power transmitted by the substation, and monitor the power quality on the transmission line corresponding to each primary substation; mark the primary substations with insufficient power supply as substations to be adjusted, and calculate the additional supplementary power for each substation to be adjusted;

[0119] It should be noted that, in this invention, "target area" refers to the prefecture-level city where the power operation monitoring is carried out using this invention (a power operation monitoring method based on big data);

[0120] Please see Figure 2 In this invention, "Level 1 substation" means a substation that directly supplies power to the municipal area via a 10 kV feeder.

[0121] In this invention, "secondary substation" refers to a substation that supplies power to a primary substation via a 110 kV distribution network.

[0122] The specific steps of step S1 are as follows:

[0123] Calculate the expected electricity consumption rate for each municipal district:

[0124] The historical electricity consumption data for each municipal district was obtained by collecting hourly electricity consumption data for the past three days. A time-series analysis of the historical electricity consumption was performed using the ARIMA model to calculate the difference order, autoregressive parameters, and moving average parameters for each municipal district. The autocorrelation coefficient and moving average coefficient for each municipal district were calculated using the difference order, autoregressive parameters, and moving average parameters. Based on the autocorrelation coefficient and moving average coefficient for each municipal district, the total electricity consumption for each municipal district in the next day was estimated using the ARIMA model, which was then used as the expected electricity consumption for each municipal district. The expected electricity consumption for each municipal district was divided by the length of a day to obtain the expected electricity consumption rate for each municipal district.

[0125] Step S11: Count the number of municipal districts mu, obtain the expected electricity consumption rate of the 1st, 2nd, up to the muth municipal district, and get mp. (1) mp (2) ~mp (mu) ;

[0126] Count the number of primary substations fs, and count the number of municipal districts corresponding to the 1st, 2nd, and so on up to the fsth primary substation, to obtain ow. (1) ow (2) ~ow(fa) Among them, ow (1) ~ow (fa) The sum of is mu;

[0127] Analyze the power supply relationship between the first primary power supply station and its corresponding municipal district, and calculate the power transmission voltage from the first primary power supply station to its corresponding municipal district based on the station's maximum transmission power, maximum transmission voltage, and power type.

[0128] Step S12: ow (1) As owl; the first primary power station is designated as station A, and the municipal district corresponding to the first primary power station is designated as district b (i.e., the municipal district powered by the first primary power station is designated as district a), and the number of districts b is owl;

[0129] Get the real-time transmission power Pe and real-time transmission voltage Ue of station A at the current time; get the maximum transmission power Pw of station A. (max) and maximum transmission voltage Uw (max) Determine if the value of owl is 1, i.e., calculate the transmission voltage from the primary substation to all areas b; where Pe≤Pw (max) ;

[0130] If the value of owl is 1, it means that the first-level power supply station only supplies power to one municipal district, that is, there is only one district b, which is a "one-to-one" power supply relationship. Then, obtain the historical transmission power of station A to district b and the historical receiving power of station A to district b in the past month; based on the historical transmission power and historical receiving power, calculate the power loss coefficient μ of station A to district b ("power loss coefficient μ" is the average value of the daily power loss coefficient in the past month; where, daily power loss coefficient = (daily historical transmission power - daily historical receiving power) / daily historical transmission power).

[0131] Obtain the expected power consumption mpb in region b; where mpb∈{mp (1) ~mp (mu)};

[0132] Let Up be the voltage transmitted from station A to area b; compare the magnitudes of Pe and mpb, and calculate the value of Uo based on the type of power transmitted by station A;

[0133] Step S121: If Pe ≥ mpb, and station A transmits DC power, then calculate the expected transmission power qPe of station A:

[0134] Calculate the value of Uo:

[0135] Step S122: If Pe < mpb, and station A transmits AC power, then let Up be the receiving voltage of station A in area b. Construct the equations for Pe and Ue with respect to Up:

[0136]

[0137] Rearranging equation A-1, we get equation A-2:

[0138]

[0139] Introducing an additional variable x, rewriting Up yields:

[0140]

[0141] Substituting formula A-2 into equation A-2 and simplifying, we get:

[0142] x 3 +(m×x)+n=0 (Equation A-3);

[0143] Where m and n represent the calculation parameters of equation A-3:

[0144] The expression for m is:

[0145] The expression for n is:

[0146]

[0147] Calculate the value of x using Cardano's formula based on equation A-3:

[0148]

[0149] Substitute the value of x into formula A-2 to obtain the value of Up;

[0150] Calculate the voltage difference ΔU corresponding to Up: ΔU=Ue-Up;

[0151] Obtain the AC frequency f transmitted from station A, and calculate the equivalent reactance Xl of the transmission line from station A to area b: Xl = 2 × π × f × Le; where Le represents the inductance of the transmission line from station A to area b.

[0152] Calculate the reactive power Qp corresponding to Up: Where Qp is a complex number;

[0153] Obtain the reactive power Qe at station A at the current time, compare the magnitudes of Qe and Qp, and calculate the value of Uo;

[0154] If Qp ≥ Qe, then the formula for calculating Uo is: Where | represents the modulus of the complex number;

[0155] If Qp < Qe, then the formula for calculating Uo is:

[0156] After step S2 completes the power redistribution of station A, the calculation steps S121 to S122 above are executed again to calculate the value of Uo.

[0157] Step S13: If the value of owl is greater than 1, it means that the first primary power supply station supplies power to multiple municipal districts, that is, there are multiple districts b, which is a "one-to-many" power supply relationship. Then repeat the calculation steps of μ to calculate the power loss coefficient μ of the first, second, and up to the owlth district b. (1) μ (2) ~μ (owl) ;

[0158] Obtain the expected power consumption pb of the 1st, 2nd, and up to the owlth b-region. (1) pb (2) ~pb (owl) ;in,

[0159] Calculate the power component pr of the first b region. (1) :

[0160] The power component pr in the second b region (2) :

[0161] And so on, the power component pr of the owl-th b region (owl) :

[0162] Calculate pr (1) ~pr (owl) and apr;

[0163] Compare apr with Pe and Pw (max) The size of the voltage is determined, and the transmission voltage of the 1st, 2nd, up to the owlth b zone is calculated based on the type of power transmitted by station A.

[0164] Step S131: If Pe≥apr, and station A transmits DC power, then calculate the transmission voltage Uo of the first b zone. (1) :

[0165] The transmission voltage Uo of the second b zone (2) :

[0166] The transmission voltage Uo of the owl b zone (owl) :

[0167] Step S132: If Pe≥apr, and station A transmits AC power, then replace mpb (in step S122) with pr in sequence. (1) pr (2) ~pr (owl) (Repeat step S122) Calculate the expected received voltage corresponding to the 1st, 2nd, and up to the owlth b-region, to obtain Ur. (1) Ur (2) ~Ur (owl) ;

[0168] Obtain the real-time transmission voltage of the power transmitted from station A to the 1st, 2nd, and up to the owlth b zone, and obtain Uer. (1) Uer (2) ~Uer (owl) ;

[0169] (Uer) (1) Uer (2) ~Uer (owl) As Ue, calculate Ur (1) Ur (2) ~Ur (owl) The corresponding voltage difference; then according to Ur (1) Ur (2) ~Ur (owl) (Repeat the calculation process for Qp in step S122 to calculate Ur, corresponding to the voltage difference.) (1) Ur (2) ~Ur (owl) The corresponding reactive power is obtained as Qr. (1) Qr (2) ~Qr (owl) ;

[0170] Calculate Qr (1) ~Qr (owl) The sum of aQr; obtain the power factor angle φ of station A (i.e., the absolute value of the difference between the voltage phase and the current phase of station A), and let the transmission voltage from station A to the 1st, 2nd, and up to the owlth b zone be Uor:

[0171] Where | represents the modulus of the complex number;

[0172] The transmission voltage of the 1st, 2nd, and up to the owlth b-region is Uor, but the actual transmission power from station A to the 1st, 2nd, and up to the owlth b-region is pr, respectively. (1) pr (2) ~pr (owl) ;

[0173] Step S133: If Pw (max) If ≥apr>Pe, then replace Pe with Pw. (max)Repeat steps S131 to S132 (i.e., repeatedly calculate Uo) (1) ~Uo (owl) And the calculation process of Uor), calculating the transmission voltage of the 1st, 2nd, up to the owlth b zone;

[0174] Step S134: If apr > Pw (max) Then, station A is marked as a substation to be adjusted, and the transmission voltage of part of area b is adjusted.

[0175] pr (1) pr (2) ~pr (owl) Sort in ascending order to get PSR (1) ,psr (2) ~psr (owl) ;

[0176] In PSR (1) ,psr (2) ~psr (owl) Extract the first sum that is greater than or equal to Pw (max) The subscript su is used to calculate psr. (su) ~psr (owl) The sum of these serves as additional supplementary power for Station A;

[0177] Calculate PSR (1) ~psr (su-1) The sum of aps is used to repeat steps S121 to S122 (i.e., repeatedly calculate Uo). (1) ~Uo (owl) And the calculation process of Uor), calculating psr (1) ~psr (su-1) The corresponding transmission voltage for area b, and the PSR (1) ~psr (su-1) The transmission voltage in region b is increased by nc times, and the formula for calculating nc is:

[0178]

[0179] Step S14: Repeat the same steps to calculate the transmission voltage of the municipal area corresponding to the first primary substation, and calculate the transmission voltage of the municipal area corresponding to the second to fs primary substations.

[0180] Step S15: Let C station be a primary power supply station, and let the municipal district receiving power from C station be district d. Obtain the transmission voltage Uup of C station to district d (it should be noted that if the power supply method of C station is "one-to-many" power supply, then district d is one of the multiple municipal districts corresponding to C station).

[0181] Obtain the power loss coefficient μd when station C transmits power to area d. Based on the type of power transmitted by station C, define the relationships B-1 to B-3 for judging the monitored power quality:

[0182] If station C transmits direct current, then let the transmission voltages of consecutive adjacent substations ta and (ta+1) on the transmission line from station C to area d be Uc. (ta) and Uc (ta+1) ;

[0183] Define relation B-1: |Uc (ta+1) -Uc (ta) |≤(μd×Uup);

[0184] On the power transmission line from station C to area d, record the number of times within one hour that the transmission voltage of any two adjacent points does not satisfy the relationship B-1, denoted as nu;

[0185] Calculate the anomaly rate of station C within one hour: anomaly rate = (nu / 60) × 100%.

[0186] If the anomaly rate of station C exceeds ζ within one hour, it indicates that the power quality supplied by station C is unstable and needs to be inspected; otherwise, no action is taken.

[0187] Wherein, ζ represents the determination coefficient, and the value of ζ is 15%; users or relevant technical personnel can adjust the value of ζ according to actual needs.

[0188] If station C transmits alternating current, then obtain the frequency fc of the alternating current transmitted by station C, and obtain the voltage phase ψ of station C at the 1st, 2nd, and up to the fcth Hz within a complete cycle (i.e., a time of (1 / fc) seconds). (1) ψ (2) ~ψ (fc) ;

[0189] Obtain the maximum transmission voltage Uu of station C (max) Let the three-phase voltages on the transmission line from station C to area d be Ua(s), Ub(s), and Uc(s) at second s, and let the voltage phase of Ua(s) be Φ. Define relation B-2:

[0190]

[0191] Where Har(s) represents the harmonic term of the transmission voltage in seconds s:

[0192] Where, ψ (v) This represents the voltage phase corresponding to the vth Hz (within a complete cycle);

[0193] Suppose that on the transmission line from station C to area d, the actual three-phase voltages at second s are Uai(s), Ubi(s), and Uci(s), and define the relationship B-3:

[0194]

[0195] On the transmission line from station C to area d, record the number of times the three-phase voltage does not satisfy the relationship B-3 within one minute, denoted as nt;

[0196] Calculate the anomaly rate of station C within one minute. Anomaly rate = (nt / 60) × 100%;

[0197] If the anomaly rate of station C exceeds ζ within one minute, it indicates that the power quality supplied by station C is unstable and needs to be inspected; otherwise, no action is taken.

[0198] Step S16: Monitor the power quality of the first to fs primary substations according to the relationships B-1 to B-3 defined in step S15.

[0199] Step S2: Obtain the number of secondary substations corresponding to each primary substation; construct an admittance matrix based on the power supply relationship between each secondary substation and its corresponding primary substation; adjust the power allocation of each secondary substation based on the admittance matrix and the additional supplementary power of each substation to be adjusted; (after completing the task of adjusting the power allocation of each secondary substation) analyze the voltage and power changes corresponding to each secondary substation, and check whether there are any abnormalities in the power transmission process from the secondary substation to the primary substation; if so, mark the primary substation with the abnormality and provide feedback; if not, continue monitoring.

[0200] The specific steps of step S2 are as follows:

[0201] Step S21: Count the number of secondary substations fe, construct the admittance matrix and perform power allocation based on the power supply relationship between each secondary substation and its corresponding primary substation;

[0202] Let the first secondary substation be station II, the primary substation corresponding to station II be station I, and the number of stations I be ol;

[0203] Determine if ol is 1 and construct the admittance matrix; determine if each station I is a substation to be adjusted, and redistribute the power of station II based on the admittance matrix;

[0204] Step S211: If ol is 1, then do not construct the admittance matrix of station II, and obtain the transmission power Pw of station II. (Ⅱ) reactive power Qw (Ⅱ) ;

[0205] Determine if Station I is a substation to be adjusted, and adjust Pw accordingly. (Ⅱ) and Qw(Ⅱ) ;

[0206] If Station I is a substation to be adjusted, then obtain the additional supplementary power Pa from Station I;

[0207] Calculate the power factor fa of station II:

[0208] The transmission power of Station II will be changed from Pw (Ⅱ) Transform into Pwe: Pwe = pa + Pw (Ⅱ) ;

[0209] Let Qw (Ⅱ) Calculate the new power factor fb for station II, keeping it unchanged:

[0210] Let fa remain unchanged, calculate the new reactive power Qwb of station II:

[0211] Calculate the power factor variation coefficient bf:

[0212] The reactive power variation coefficient bQ:

[0213] Compare the values ​​of bf and bQ, and adjust the reactive power of station I.

[0214] If bf ≥ bQ, then the reactive power of station I is adjusted to Qwb; if bf < bQ, then the reactive power of station I remains unchanged.

[0215] If Station I is not a substation to be dispatched, then no action will be taken;

[0216] Step S212: If ol is not 1, then obtain the transmission power pi of the 1st, 2nd, up to the olth station I. (1) pi (2) ~pi (ol) Transmission voltage ui (1) ui (2) ~ui (ol) reactive power qi (1) qi (2) ~qi (ol) ;

[0217] Based on the transmission power and reactive power of each station I, combine the complex power se of the first station I. (1) ,se (1) =pi (1) +qi (1) ×j;

[0218] The complex power of the second station I (se) (2) ,se (2) =pi (2) +qi(2) ×j;

[0219] And so on, the complex power se of the ol-th I substation (ol) , se (ol) = pi (ol) + qi (ol) ×j; where j represents the imaginary unit;

[0220] Obtain the additional supplementary powers pli of the 1st, 2nd, up to the ol-th I substations (1) , pli (2) ~ pli (ol) ;

[0221] (It should be noted that if a certain I substation is not the substation to be adjusted, the additional supplementary power corresponding to this I substation is zero);

[0222] Obtain the apparent power pac and voltage uac of the II substation, and calculate the equivalent admittance Yy of the II substation to the 1st I substation (1) :

[0223] The equivalent admittance Yy of the 2nd I substation (2) :

[0224] And so on, the equivalent admittance Yy of the ol-th I substation (ol) :

[0225] Calculate the sum aYy of Yy (1) ~ Yy (ol) as the self-admittance of the II substation;

[0226] Construct a zero matrix of ((ol + 1)×(ol + 1)), and fill in Yy (1) ~ Yy (ol) and aYy, to obtain the initial admittance matrix Yg of the II substation:

[0227]

[0228] Among them, only the elements on the diagonal, the first row, and the first column of the matrix Yg are not zero, and other elements are all zero;

[0229] Obtain the rated power PE (max) , rated voltage UE (max) ; Let the power factor angle of the II substation be υ;

[0230] Obtain the rated voltages Uol of the 1st, 2nd, up to the ol-th I substations​​​​​Let φ be the power factor angle of the 1st, 2nd, up to the olth station I. (1) φ (2) ~φ (ol) ;

[0231] Construct a voltage matrix Ug of ((ol+1)×1):

[0232]

[0233] Construct the power matrix Pg of ((ol+1)×1):

[0234]

[0235] Define formula C: Pg = Yg × Ug; where "×" in formula C represents matrix multiplication;

[0236] Based on formula C, the Newton-Raphson algorithm is used to calculate φ. (1) φ (2) ~φ (ol) The value is used to obtain the phase of the power supply voltage for the 1st, 2nd, and up to the olth power consumption area (within the 1st municipal district);

[0237] The active power transmitted from station II to station I is [(se (1) +pli (1) )×cos(φ (1) The reactive power is [(se]]. (1) +pli (1) )×sin(φ (1) )];

[0238] The active power transmitted from station II to the second station I is [(se (2) +pli (2) )×cos(φ (2) The reactive power is [(se]]. (2) +pli (2) )×sin(φ (2) )];

[0239] And so on, the active power transmitted from station II to the ol-th station I is [(se (ol) +pli (ol) )×cos(φ (ol) The reactive power is [(se]]. (1) +pli (1) )×sin(φ (1) )];

[0240] Complete the power distribution of one secondary substation;

[0241] Repeat the power allocation steps for one secondary substation to perform power allocation for the second to fe secondary substations.

[0242] Step S3: Update the expected electricity consumption rate for each municipal district, continuously adjust the transmission voltage from each primary substation to the municipal district and the power allocation from each secondary substation to the primary substation, and report any abnormal primary substations.

[0243] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations using a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation. For example, there are weighting coefficients and proportional coefficients. The values ​​set are to quantify each parameter to obtain a specific value, which is convenient for subsequent comparison. The values ​​of the weighting coefficients and proportional coefficients are only required to not affect the proportional relationship between the parameters and the quantified values.

[0244] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit it. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A power operation monitoring method based on big data, characterized in that, The method includes: Historical power consumption is acquired and time-series analysis is performed to calculate the expected power consumption rate. The number of primary substations is obtained, as well as the power supply relationship between each primary substation and its corresponding municipal district, and the maximum transmission power and maximum transmission voltage of each primary substation. Based on the expected power consumption rate and the type of power transmitted by the substation, the transmission voltage of each primary substation to its corresponding municipal district is calculated, and the power quality on the transmission line corresponding to each primary substation is monitored. Primary substations with insufficient power supply are marked as substations to be adjusted, and the additional supplementary power of each substation to be adjusted is calculated. Obtain the number of secondary substations corresponding to each primary substation; construct an admittance matrix based on the power supply relationship between each secondary substation and its corresponding primary substation; adjust the power allocation of each secondary substation based on the admittance matrix and the additional supplementary power of each substation to be adjusted; analyze the voltage and power changes corresponding to each secondary substation, and check whether there are any abnormalities in the power transmission process from the secondary substation to the primary substation; if so, mark the primary substation with the abnormality and provide feedback; if not, continue monitoring. The specific steps for constructing the admittance matrix and performing power allocation are as follows: The number of secondary substations (fe) is counted. Based on the power supply relationship between each secondary substation and its corresponding primary substation, an admittance matrix is ​​constructed and power is allocated. Let the first secondary substation be station II, the primary substation corresponding to station II be station I, and the number of stations I be ol; Determine if ol is 1 and construct the admittance matrix; determine if each station I is a substation to be adjusted, and redistribute the power of station II based on the admittance matrix; If ol is 1, then the admittance matrix of station II is not constructed, and the transmission power Pw of station II is obtained. （Ⅱ） reactive power Qw （Ⅱ） ; Determine if Station I is a substation to be adjusted, and adjust Pw accordingly. （Ⅱ） and Qw （Ⅱ） ; If Station I is a substation to be adjusted, then obtain the additional supplementary power Pa from Station I; Calculate the power factor fa of station II: ; The transmission power of Station II will be changed from Pw （Ⅱ） Change to Pwe: ; Let Qw （Ⅱ） Calculate the new power factor fb for station II, keeping it unchanged: ; Let fa remain unchanged, calculate the new reactive power Qwb of station II: ; Calculate the power factor variation coefficient bf: ; The reactive power variation coefficient bQ: ; Compare the values ​​of bf and bQ, and adjust the reactive power of station I. If bf ≥ bQ, then the reactive power of station I is adjusted to Qwb; if bf < bQ, then the reactive power of station I remains unchanged. If Station I is not a substation to be dispatched, then no action will be taken; If ol is not 1, then obtain the transmission power pi of the 1st to olth stations I. （1） ~pi （ol） Transmission voltage ui （1） ~ui （ol） reactive power qi （1） ~qi （ol） Power allocation to Station II; Update the expected electricity consumption rate for each municipal district, continuously adjust the transmission voltage from each primary substation to the municipal district and the power allocation from each secondary substation to the primary substation, and report any abnormal primary substations.

2. The power operation monitoring method based on big data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for calculating the transmission voltage are as follows: Get the expected electricity consumption rate mp for the first to mu municipal districts. （1） ~mp （mu） ; Count the number of municipal districts corresponding to the 1st to fsth level substations, ow （1） ~ow （fa） ; Analyze the power supply relationship between the first primary power supply station and its corresponding municipal district, and calculate the power transmission voltage from the first primary power supply station to its corresponding municipal district based on the station's maximum transmission power, maximum transmission voltage, and power type. ow （1） As owl; The first primary power supply station is designated as station A, and the municipal district corresponding to the first primary power supply station is designated as district b. Get the real-time transmission power Pe and real-time transmission voltage Ue of station A at the current time; get the maximum transmission power Pw of station A. （max） and maximum transmission voltage Uw （max） Determine if the value of owl is 1, that is, calculate the transmission voltage from the primary substation to all areas b. If the value of owl is 1, then obtain the historical power transmission from station A to area b and the historical power received by area b from station A in the past month; calculate the power loss coefficient μ of station A supplying power to area b based on the historical power transmission and historical power received. Obtain the expected power consumption (mpb) in area b; Let Up be the voltage transmitted from station A to area b; compare the magnitudes of Pe and mpb, and calculate the value of Uo based on the type of power transmitted by station A.

3. The power operation monitoring method based on big data according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steps for calculating transmission voltage also include: Step S13: If the value of owl is greater than 1, then calculate the power loss coefficient μ of owl b-regions. （1） ~μ （owl） ; Obtain the expected power consumption pb of each b region in the owl region. （1） ~pb （owl） ; Calculate the power component pr of the first b region. （1） : ; Similarly, the power component pr of the owl-th b region （owl） ; Calculate pr （1） ~pr （owl） and apr; Compare apr with Pe and Pw （max） The size of the voltage is determined, and the transmission voltage of each of the b zones is calculated based on the type of power transmitted by station A. Calculate the transmission voltage of the municipal area corresponding to the 2nd to fsth first-level substations.

4. The power operation monitoring method based on big data according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific steps for calculating Uo are as follows: If Pe ≥ mpb, and station A transmits DC power, then calculate the expected transmission power qPe of station A: ; Calculate the value of Uo: (Formula 1-1); If Pe < mpb, and station A transmits alternating current, then let Up be the voltage received by area b from station A. Construct equations for Pe and Ue with respect to Up: ； Calculate the value of Up, and calculate the corresponding voltage difference ΔU: ; Obtain the AC frequency f transmitted from station A, and calculate the equivalent reactance Xl of the transmission line from station A to area b: Le represents the inductance of the transmission line from station A to area b. Calculate the reactive power Qp corresponding to Up: ; Obtain the reactive power Qe at station A at the current time, and calculate the value of Uo; If Qp ≥ Qe, then the formula for calculating Uo is: (Formula 1-2); If Qp < Qe, then the formula for calculating Uo is: (Formula 1-3); If Pe < mpb, then compare mpb with Pw. （max） The size of the value determines the steps for calculating Uo; If mpb≤Pw （max） Then replace Pe in Formula 1-1 with Pw （max） Replace Pe with Pw in Equations 1-2 and 1-3. （max） Replace Ue with Uw （max） ; Calculate the value of Uo; If mpb > Pw （max） If station A is designated as the substation to be adjusted, then the additional supplementary power of station A is aPe: .

5. The power operation monitoring method based on big data according to claim 3, characterized in that, The specific steps for calculating the transmission voltage of each of the owl b zones are as follows: If Pe≥apr, and station A transmits DC power, then calculate the transmission voltage Uo of the first b zone. （1） : ; Similarly, the transmission voltage Uo of the owlth b region （owl） ; If Pe ≥ apr, and station A transmits AC power, then calculate the expected received voltage Ur corresponding to the 1st to owlth b zones. （1） ~Ur （owl） ; Obtain the real-time transmission voltage Uer of station A to the 1st to owlth b zones. （1） ~Uer （owl） ; Calculate Ur （1） ~Ur （owl） The corresponding reactive power Qr （1） ~Qr （owl） ; Calculate Qr （1） ~Qr （owl） The sum of aQr; obtain the power factor angle φ of station A, and let the transmission voltage from station A to the 1st to the owlth b-region be Uor: ； The transmission voltage of the 1st, 2nd, and up to the owlth b-region is Uor, but the actual transmission power from station A to the 1st to the owlth b-regions is pr, respectively. （1） ~pr （owl） .

6. The power operation monitoring method based on big data according to claim 5, characterized in that, The steps for calculating the transmission voltage of the owl b-regions also include: If Pw （max） If ≥apr>Pe, then replace Pe with Pw. （max） Repeatedly calculate Uo （1） ~Uo （owl） And the calculation process of Uor, calculating the transmission voltage of the 1st to the owlth b-region; If apr > Pw （max） Then, station A is marked as a substation to be adjusted, and the transmission voltage of part of area b is adjusted. pr （1） ~pr （owl） Sort in ascending order to get PSR （1） ~psr （owl） ; In PSR （1） ~psr （owl） Extract the first sum that is greater than or equal to Pw （max） The subscript su is used to calculate psr. （su） ~psr （owl） The sum of these serves as additional supplementary power for Station A; Calculate PSR （1） ~psr （su-1） The sum of aps, and repeated calculation of Uo （1） ~Uo （owl） And the calculation process of Uor, calculating PSR （1） ~psr （su-1） The corresponding transmission voltage for area b, and the PSR （1） ~psr （su-1） The transmission voltage in region b is increased by nc times, and the formula for calculating nc is: ； Let station C be a primary power supply station, and let the municipal district receiving power from station C be district d. Let the transmission voltage from station C to district d be Uup. Obtain the power loss coefficient μd when station C transmits power to area d. Based on the type of power transmitted by station C, define the relationships B-1 to B-3 to determine the power quality of the monitored power.

7. The power operation monitoring method based on big data according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific steps for defining relations B-1 to B-3 are as follows: If station C transmits direct current, then let the transmission voltages of consecutive adjacent substations ta and (ta+1) on the transmission line from station C to area d be Uc, respectively. （ta） and Uc （ta+1） ; Define relation B-1: ; Based on relation B-1, calculate the anomaly rate of station C. If the anomaly rate of station C exceeds ζ within one hour, it indicates that the power quality supplied by station C is unstable and needs to be inspected; otherwise, no action is taken; where ζ represents the judgment coefficient. If station C transmits alternating current (AC), then obtain the AC frequency fc transmitted by station C, and obtain the voltage phase ψ of station C from the 1st to the fcth Hz within a complete cycle. （1） ~ψ （fc） ; Obtain the maximum transmission voltage Uu of station C （max） Let the three-phase voltages on the transmission line from station C to area d be Ua(s), Ub(s), and Uc(s) at second s, and let the voltage phase of Ua(s) be Φ. Define relation B-2: ； Where Har(s) represents the harmonic term of the transmission voltage in seconds s: ; where ψ （v） This indicates the voltage phase corresponding to the vth Hz. Suppose that on the transmission line from station C to area d, the actual three-phase voltages at second s are Uai(s), Ubi(s), and Uci(s), and define relation B-3: ； Based on relation B-3, calculate the anomaly rate of station C within one minute: anomaly rate = (nt / 60) × 100%; If the anomaly rate of station C exceeds ζ within one minute, it indicates that the power quality supplied by station C is unstable and needs to be inspected; otherwise, no action is taken. Based on equations B-1 to B-3, monitor the power quality of the first to fs-th primary substations.

8. The power operation monitoring method based on big data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for power allocation at Station II are as follows: Based on the transmission power and reactive power of each station I, combine the complex power se of the first station I. （1） ,se （1） =pi （1） +qi （1） ×j; where j represents the imaginary unit; Similarly, the complex power se of the olth station I （ol） ; Obtain additional supplementary power pli from the 1st to the olth I stations （1） ~pli （ol） ; Obtain the apparent power pac and voltage uac of station II, and calculate the equivalent admittance Yy from station II to the first station I. （1） : ; Similarly, the equivalent admittance Yy of the olth station I （ol） ; Calculate Yy （1） ~Yy （ol） The sum aYy is used as the self - admittance of Station II; Construct a zero matrix of ((ol+1)×(ol+1)) and fill it into Yy （1） ~Yy （ol） From aYy, we obtain the initial admittance matrix Yg of station II; Obtain the rated power PE of station II （max） Rated voltage UE （max） Let the power factor angle of station II be υ; The rated voltage of each of the ol I stations is obtained as Uol. （1） ~Uol （ol） Let φ be the power factor angle of ol stations I. （1） ~φ （ol） ; Construct the voltage matrix Ug and the power matrix Pg, where Pg = Yg × Ug; Calculate φ using Newton-Raphson's algorithm. （1） ~φ （ol） The value of will determine the active power transmitted from station II to the first station I. reactive power is ; Similarly, the active power transmitted from station II to the ol-th station I is reactive power is ; Complete the power distribution of one secondary substation; Power allocation is performed on the second to the fe secondary substations.

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