Solar cell, battery assembly, and photovoltaic system

Abstract

The application is suitable for the technical field of solar cells, and provides a solar cell, a battery assembly and a photovoltaic system. The solar cell comprises a silicon substrate including a back surface, a front surface and a side portion connecting the back surface and the front surface; a plurality of grid lines including a plurality of first-polarity grid lines and a plurality of second-polarity grid lines, the first-polarity grid lines being arranged on the back surface, and the second-polarity grid lines being arranged on the back surface and / or the front surface and insulated from the first-polarity grid lines; and a protective grid arranged on the side portion and including a first grid, the first grid being in conduction with the first-polarity grid lines and insulated from the second-polarity grid lines. In this way, the strength of the side portion of the solar cell can be enhanced, and the risk of damage to the edge of the solar cell can be reduced. Meanwhile, the first grid can be prevented from conducting the first-polarity grid lines and the second-polarity grid lines, and the risk of short circuit of the solar cell can be reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and particularly relates to a solar cell, a cell module and a photovoltaic system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Solar cell power generation is a sustainable clean energy source, which can convert sunlight into electricity by using the photovoltaic effect of a semiconductor p-n junction. However, the edges of the solar cell are prone to mechanical damage during transportation, resulting in the edges of the solar cell being broken, broken, worn, and the like, which affects the performance of the cell sheet or directly causes the cell sheet to be scrapped.

[0003] Therefore, how to reduce the risk of damage to the edges of the solar cell has become a problem to be solved. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a solar cell, a cell module and a photovoltaic system, which aims to solve the problem of how to reduce the risk of damage to the edges of the solar cell.

[0005] The solar cell provided by the present application comprises:

[0006] A silicon substrate comprising a back surface, a front surface and a side portion, wherein the side portion connects the back surface and the front surface;

[0007] A plurality of grid lines comprising a first polarity grid line and a second polarity grid line, wherein the first polarity grid line is arranged on the back surface, and the second polarity grid line is arranged on the back surface and / or the front surface and is insulated from the first polarity grid line;

[0008] A protection grid arranged on the side portion, comprising a first grid, wherein the first grid is in conduction with the first polarity grid line and is insulated from the second polarity grid line.

[0009] Specifically, the first polarity grid line and the second polarity grid line are connected to a first stringer and a second stringer respectively, the extension direction of the side portion where the first grid is located is the same as the extension direction of the fine grid of the solar cell, the side portion comprises a first region and a second region corresponding to the first stringer and the second stringer respectively, and the first grid is arranged in segments to avoid the second region.

[0010] Specifically, the first polarity grid line and the second polarity grid line are connected to a first stringer and a second stringer respectively, the extension direction of the side portion where the first grid is located is the same as the extension direction of the fine grid of the solar cell, the side portion comprises a first region and a second region corresponding to the first stringer and the second stringer respectively, and the first grid is located in the second region and is provided with a first insulating member to insulate the first grid from the second stringer.

[0011] Specifically, the protective grid comprises a second grid, which is conductive with the second polarity grid line and insulated with the first polarity grid line and the first grid.

[0012] Specifically, the first polarity grid line and the second polarity grid line are connected with a first stringing member and a second stringing member respectively, the extension direction of the side part where the second grid is located is the same as the extension direction of the fine grid of the solar cell, the side part comprises a first region and a second region, corresponding to the first stringing member and the second stringing member respectively; the second grid is arranged in segments, avoiding the first region.

[0013] Specifically, the first polarity grid line and the second polarity grid line are connected with a first stringing member and a second stringing member respectively, the extension direction of the side part where the second grid is located is the same as the extension direction of the fine grid of the solar cell, the side part comprises a first region and a second region, corresponding to the first stringing member and the second stringing member respectively; the second grid is arranged in segments, avoiding the first region.

[0014] Specifically, the ratio of the thickness of the protective grid to the thickness of the grid line is 1-3.

[0015] Specifically, the material of the protective grid comprises a first metal, and the material of the grid line comprises a second metal, the first metal is the same as the second metal.

[0016] Specifically, the side part comprises a side edge and a side surface, the side edge comprises a first edge and a second edge, the first edge is located between the side surface and the back surface, and the second edge is located between the side surface and the front surface.

[0017] Specifically, the protective grid comprises a first protective part, which is arranged on the side edge.

[0018] Specifically, the width of the first protective part is 10-200 μm.

[0019] Specifically, the ratio of the length of the first protective part to the length of the side edge is 0.05-1.

[0020] Specifically, the protective grid comprises a second protective part, which is arranged on the side surface.

[0021] Specifically, the width of the second protective part is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 150 μm.

[0022] Specifically, the ratio of the area of the second protective part covering the side surface to the total area of the side surface is 0.05-1.

[0023] The battery assembly provided in the application comprises the solar cell of any one of the above.

[0024] The photovoltaic system provided in the present application comprises the battery assembly of any one of the above.

[0025] The solar cell, the battery assembly and the photovoltaic system provided in the embodiments of the present application can enhance the strength of the side of the solar cell and reduce the risk of damage to the edge of the solar cell, because the side of the silicon substrate is provided with the protective grid. Meanwhile, the first grid in the protective grid is in conduction with the first polarity grid line and is insulated from the second polarity grid line, so that the first grid can avoid being in conduction with the first polarity grid line and the second polarity grid line, and the risk of short circuit of the solar cell is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 2 is a side view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 3 is a perspective view of a partial structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 4 is a side view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 5 is a perspective view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 6 is a side view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 7 is a side view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 8 is a side view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 9 is a side view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 10 is a perspective view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 11 is a side view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 12 is a side view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] MAIN ELEMENT SYMBOL EXPLANATION:

[0039] solar cell 10, silicon substrate 11, back surface 101, front surface 102, side portion 103, first edge 1031, second edge 1032, side surface 1033, first region 1034, second region 1035, first polarity grid line 121, second polarity grid line 122, protective grid 13, first grid 1301, second grid 1302, first protective portion 131, second protective portion 132, first insulating member 141, second insulating member 142. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar notations represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by reference to the drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as a limitation to the present application. In addition, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application, and are not used to limit the present application.

[0041] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "horizontal", "top", "bottom" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present application.

[0042] In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited.

[0043] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be a fixed connection, or a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection or can communicate with each other; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0044] In the present application, unless specifically defined and limited otherwise, "on" or "under" of a first feature to a second feature can include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, "on", "above" and "over" of a first feature to a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or only means that the first feature is horizontally higher than the second feature. "Under", "below" and "underneath" of a first feature to a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or only means that the first feature is horizontally lower than the second feature.

[0045] The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different structures of the present application. For the purpose of simplification, the components and arrangements of specific examples are described in the following. Of course, they are only examples, and the purpose is not to limit the present application. In addition, the present application can repeatedly refer to numbers and / or letters in different examples, and such repetition is for the purpose of simplification and clarity, which itself does not indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed. In addition, the present application provides examples of various specific processes and materials, but those of ordinary skill in the art can realize the application of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0046] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 And Figure 6 , the solar cell 10 of the embodiment of the present application comprises:

[0047] The silicon substrate 11 comprises a back surface 101, a front surface 102 and a side portion 103, and the side portion 103 connects the back surface 101 and the front surface 102;

[0048] A plurality of grid lines, comprising a first polarity grid line 121 and a second polarity grid line 122, the first polarity grid line 121 is arranged on the back surface 101, and the second polarity grid line 122 is arranged on the back surface 101 and / or the front surface 102, and is insulated from the first polarity grid line 121;

[0049] The protection grid 13 is arranged on the side portion 103, and comprises a first grid 1301, which is conductive with the first polarity grid line 121 and insulated from the second polarity grid line 122.

[0050] The solar cell 10 of the embodiment of the present application can enhance the strength of the side 103 of the solar cell 10 and reduce the risk of damage to the edge of the solar cell 10, because the side 103 of the silicon substrate 11 is provided with the protection grid 13. Meanwhile, the first grid 1301 in the protection grid 13 is in conduction with the first polarity grid line 121 and is insulated from the second polarity grid line 122, so that the first grid 1301 can avoid conducting the first polarity grid line 121 and the second polarity grid line 122, and the risk of short circuit of the solar cell 10 is reduced.

[0051] Specifically, the solar cell 10 can be a cut cell formed by cutting a whole cell. The solar cell 10 can also be a whole cell which is not cut. The whole solar cell 10 can include a cutting groove, and the whole cell can be cut along the cutting groove to obtain the cut cell. The whole solar cell 10 can be asymmetric along the cutting groove, or can be symmetric along the cutting groove.

[0052] Specifically, the back surface 101 refers to the back light surface of the solar cell 10, and the front surface 102 refers to the light surface of the solar cell 10.

[0053] Specifically, the silicon substrate 11 can include a silicon substrate, a doped layer provided on the silicon substrate, and a passivation layer provided on the doped layer.

[0054] Further, the silicon substrate can be a P-type silicon substrate or an N-type silicon substrate, and can be a single crystal silicon substrate or a polycrystalline silicon substrate. The specific form of the silicon substrate is not limited herein.

[0055] Further, the doped layer can include a first polarity doped layer and a second polarity doped layer, and the first polarity doped layer and the second polarity doped layer have different doping polarities and correspond to the first polarity grid line 121 and the second polarity grid line 122, respectively. The two doped layers can be formed by diffusion to the silicon substrate, or can be formed by depositing a film layer on the silicon substrate. In the thickness direction of the solar cell 10, the first polarity doped layer and the second polarity doped layer are stacked on the silicon substrate. The first polarity doped layer and the second polarity doped layer can be respectively stacked on opposite sides of the silicon substrate. In other words, the solar cell 10 can be a double-sided contact cell. The first polarity doped layer and the second polarity doped layer can be both stacked on the same side of the silicon substrate. The first polarity doped layer and the second polarity doped layer are isolated from each other. In other words, the solar cell 10 can be a back contact cell.

[0056] Further, the passivation layer includes at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, and silicon oxynitride. The specific material of the passivation layer is not limited herein. The passivation layer can cover the doped layer. The passivation layer can also cover the doped layer and the silicon substrate exposed from the doped layer. The specific form of the passivation layer provided on the silicon substrate 11 is not limited herein.

[0057] Specifically, the gate line includes a first polarity gate line 121 and a second polarity gate line 122. One of the first polarity gate line 121 and the second polarity gate line 122 is a positive gate line, and the other is a negative gate line.

[0058] Specifically, a plurality of first polarity gate lines 121 are disposed on the back side 101, and a plurality of second polarity gate lines 122 are disposed on the back side 101 and / or the front side 102. Alternatively, all first polarity gate lines 121 may be disposed on the back side 101, and all second polarity gate lines 122 may be disposed on the back side 101. Alternatively, all first polarity gate lines 121 may be disposed on the back side 101, and all second polarity gate lines 122 may be disposed on the front side 102. Alternatively, all first polarity gate lines 121 may be disposed on the back side 101, some second polarity gate lines 122 may be disposed on the back side 101, and the remaining second polarity gate lines 122 may be disposed on the front side 102. No limitation is imposed here.

[0059] Specifically, the second polarity gate line 122 is insulated from the first polarity gate line 121. This can be achieved by spacing the second polarity gate line 122 from the first polarity gate line 121, or by providing an insulating structure between the second polarity gate line 122 and the first polarity gate line 121.

[0060] Specifically, the first polar gate line 121 may include a first polar fine gate, and the second polar gate line 122 may include a second polar fine gate. The first polar fine gate passes through the passivation layer and connects to the first polar doped layer. The second polar fine gate passes through the passivation layer and connects to the second polar doped layer.

[0061] In some examples, the first polar fine gate and the second polar fine gate are respectively disposed on the back side 101 and the front side 102, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown. In other words, the solar cell 10 is a double-sided contact cell. In other examples, both the first polarity grid and the second polarity grid are located on the back side 101. In other words, the solar cell 10 is a back contact cell.

[0062] Specifically, the first polarity grid line 121 may include a first polarity main grid, and the second polarity grid line 122 may include a second polarity main grid. The first polarity main grid is connected to the first polarity fine grid and is spaced apart from the second polarity fine grid. The second polarity main grid is connected to the second polarity fine grid and is spaced apart from the first polarity fine grid. In other words, the solar cell 10 can be a grid-connected cell. It can be understood that the solar cell 10 can also be a gridless cell.

[0063] Specifically, the protective barrier 13 being located on the side 103 means that the protective barrier 13 is at least partially located on the side 103. That is, the protective barrier 13 may be entirely located on the side 103, or it may be partially located on the side 103, with the remaining portion located in areas outside the side 103.

[0064] Specifically, the protection gate 13 includes a first gate 1301, which is in conduction with the first polarity gate line 121 and is insulated from the second polarity gate line 122. Further, the first gate 1301 can be in conduction with the first polarity gate line 121, which can be that the first gate 1301 is in contact with the first polarity gate line 121 to realize electrical conduction, or that the first gate 1301 is in electrical conduction with the first polarity gate line 121 through a conductive member. Further, the first gate 1301 can be insulated from the second polarity gate line 122, which can be that the first gate 1301 is spaced from the second polarity gate line 122 to form a spacing, or that an insulating structure is arranged between the first gate 1301 and the second polarity gate line 122. The insulating structure is, for example, an insulating adhesive layer.

[0065] Specifically, the side portion 103 can be formed with a passivation portion, and the protection gate 13 is arranged in the passivation portion. In the side portion 103, the doped portion and the passivation portion can be sequentially stacked on the silicon substrate, and the passivation portion can be located between the protection gate 13 and the doped portion; in the side portion 103, the passivation portion can be directly stacked on the silicon substrate, and the passivation portion can be located between the protection gate 13 and the silicon substrate. In this way, the passivation portion is used to isolate the protection gate 13 from the silicon substrate and the doped portion, avoiding the conduction between the protection gate 13 and the doped portion, and reducing the risk of short circuit. Please note that the passivation portion refers to the position of the passivation layer on the side portion 103, and the explanation and description can refer to the passivation layer. The doped portion can refer to the position of the doped layer on the side portion 103, and the explanation and description can refer to the doped layer.

[0066] Please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 In some embodiments, the first polarity gate line 121 and the second polarity gate line 122 are respectively connected to the first stringing member and the second stringing member, the extension direction of the side portion 103 where the first gate 1301 is located is the same as the extension direction of the fine grid of the solar cell 10, the side portion 103 includes a first region 1034 and a second region 1035 corresponding to the first stringing member and the second stringing member respectively, and the first gate 1301 is arranged in segments to avoid the second region 1035.

[0067] In this way, by arranging the first gate 1301 in segments to avoid the second region 1035 corresponding to the second stringing member, the short circuit caused by the conduction between the first gate 1301 and the second stringing member is avoided.

[0068] Specifically, the stringing member includes at least one of a solder strip, a conductive wire, and other components for stringing two adjacent cell pieces.

[0069] Specifically, in the example of Figure 7 , the first polarity gate line 121 and the second polarity gate line 122 are both fine grids and are respectively located on both sides of the silicon substrate 11. In other words, the solar cell 10 is a dual-sided contact cell. In the example of Figure 8 , the first polarity gate line 121 and the second polarity gate line 122 are both fine grids and are both located on one side of the silicon substrate 11. It can be understood that, since in the example ofFigure 6 In the view of the second polar grid line 122 is shielded by the first polar grid line 121, so Figure 8 is not shown. In other words, the solar cell 10 is a back contact cell.

[0070] It can be understood that, in the case that the solar cell 10 is a main grid cell, the first polar grid line 121 connected with the first stringer is a first polar main grid, and the second polar grid line 122 connected with the second stringer is a second polar main grid. In the case that the solar cell 10 is a main grid-free cell, the first polar grid line 121 connected with the first stringer is a first polar fine grid, and the second polar grid line 122 connected with the second stringer is a second polar fine grid.

[0071] In Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the first grid 1301 is segmented to avoid the second area 1035. In this way, the first grid 1301 is avoided to conduct the first polar grid line 121 and the second stringer as much as possible, thereby avoiding short circuit.

[0072] Specifically, the interval between two adjacent segments of the first grid 1301 is 2mm-20mm. For example, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 14mm, 15mm, 18mm, 20mm. In this way, the interval between two adjacent segments of the first grid 1301 is in a suitable range, which can avoid insufficient avoidance and high risk of short circuit caused by too small interval, and can also avoid poor protection effect caused by too large interval.

[0073] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the grid line can refer to a fine grid. In some embodiments, the extension direction of the side portion 103 where the first grid 1301 is located is perpendicular to the extension direction of the fine grid of the solar cell 10. In this way, the first stringer and the second stringer do not pass through the side portion 103, which can reduce the risk of short circuit caused by the first grid 1301 provided on the side portion 103 conducting the first stringer and the second stringer. In this case, the first grid 1301 provided on the side portion 103 can be segmented or continuously provided.

[0074] Please refer to Figure 9 , in some embodiments, the first polar grid line 121 and the second polar grid line 122 are connected with the first stringer and the second stringer respectively, the extension direction of the side portion 103 where the first grid 1301 is located is the same as the extension direction of the fine grid of the solar cell 10, and the side portion 103 includes a first area 1034 and a second area 1035 corresponding to the first stringer and the second stringer respectively; the first grid 1301 is provided with a first insulating member 141 at the part of the second area 1035, which insulates the first grid 1301 from the second stringer.

[0075] In this way, by arranging the first insulation member 141 at the first grid 1301, the first grid 1301 and the second string member are insulated, so that the short circuit caused by the conduction of the first grid 1301 and the second string member can be avoided.

[0076] Specifically, in the example of FIG. 1, the first polarity grid line 121 and the second polarity grid line 122 are both thin grids and are located on one side of the silicon substrate 11. It can be understood that, in the view of FIG. 1, the second polarity grid line 122 is blocked by the first polarity grid line 121, so that the second polarity grid line 122 is not shown in FIG. 1. In other words, the solar cell 10 is a back contact cell. It can be understood that the first polarity grid line 121 and the second polarity grid line 122 can be located on both sides of the silicon substrate 11, and the solar cell 10 can also be a double-sided contact cell. Figure 9 Figure 9 Specifically, in the example of FIG. 1, the first polarity grid line 121 and the second polarity grid line 122 are both thin grids and are located on one side of the silicon substrate 11. It can be understood that, in the view of FIG. 1, the second polarity grid line 122 is blocked by the first polarity grid line 121, so that the second polarity grid line 122 is not shown in FIG. 1. In other words, the solar cell 10 is a back contact cell. It can be understood that the first polarity grid line 121 and the second polarity grid line 122 can be located on both sides of the silicon substrate 11, and the solar cell 10 can also be a double-sided contact cell. Figure 9 Specifically, the first insulation member 141 includes at least one of a carbon chain polymer and an organic silicon polymer. The carbon chain polymer is at least one of, for example, polyimide (PI), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), PVB, and POE. The organic silicon polymer is at least one of, for example, silicone and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The first insulation member 141 can further include at least one of EVA, silicon nitride, and silicon oxide. The specific material of the first insulation member 141 is not limited herein.

[0077] Specifically, the thickness of the first insulation member 141 is greater than or equal to 10 μm. For example, the thickness is 10 μm, 11 μm, 12 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 28 μm, 30 μm, 50 μm, 80 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, or 200 μm. In this way, the poor insulation effect caused by the too small thickness can be avoided. Further, the thickness of the first insulation member 141 is less than or equal to 100 μm. In this way, the waste of material and the increase of cost caused by the too large thickness can be avoided.

[0078] Specifically, the first insulation member 141 includes a first insulation portion, and the first insulation portion is arranged at the first protection portion 131. The width of the first insulation portion is 2 mm-20 mm. For example, the width is 2 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 13 mm, 15 mm, 18 mm, or 20 mm. The length of the first insulation portion is 2 mm-20 mm. For example, the length is 2 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 13 mm, 15 mm, 18 mm, or 20 mm. In this way, the size of the first insulation portion is in an appropriate range, so that the insufficient insulation and the large short circuit risk caused by the too small size can be avoided, and the waste of material and the increase of cost caused by the too large size can be avoided.

[0079]

[0080] ​​Specifically, the first insulation piece 141 comprises a second insulation part, the second insulation part is arranged on the second protection part 132, and the width of the second insulation part is 2-20 mm. For example, 2 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 13 mm, 15 mm, 18 mm, or 20 mm. The length of the second insulation part is 2-20 mm. For example, 2 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 13 mm, 15 mm, 18 mm, or 20 mm. In this way, the size of the second insulation part is in a suitable range, which can avoid insufficient insulation and high risk of short circuit caused by too small size, and can also avoid waste of materials and increase of cost caused by too large size.

[0081] Specifically, the distance between the second protection part 132 and the side edge is 0-80 mm. For example, 0 mm, 1 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, 70 mm, or 80 mm. In this way, the distance between the second protection part 132 and the side edge is in a suitable range, which can avoid interference with the first protection part caused by too small distance, and can also avoid poor protection effect caused by too large distance. The distance between the second protection part 132 and the side edge can refer to the distance between the second protection part 132 and the side edge closer to the second protection part 132.

[0082] Please refer to Figure 10 In some embodiments, the protection grid 13 comprises a second grid 1302, the second grid 1302 is conductive with the second polarity grid line 122 and insulated from the first grid 1301 and the first polarity grid line 121.

[0083] In this way, the second grid 1302 can be used to further enhance the strength of the side part 103 of the solar cell 10 and reduce the risk of damage to the edge of the solar cell 10. At the same time, since the second grid 1302 in the protection grid 13 is conductive with the second polarity grid line 122 and insulated from the first grid 1301 and the first polarity grid line 121, the first polarity grid line 121 and the second polarity grid line 122 can be avoided to be conductive, and the risk of short circuit of the solar cell 10 can be reduced.

[0084] It can be understood that the first gate 1301 is in conduction with the first polarity gate line 121 and is insulated from the second gate 1302 and the second polarity gate line 122, and the second gate 1302 is in conduction with the second polarity gate line 122 and is insulated from the first gate 1301 and the first polarity gate line 121. The first gate 1301 and the second gate 1302 can be used as test gates to perform IV testing, hot spot testing and other tests. The first probe and the second probe of the testing device can be connected to the first gate 1301 and the second gate 1302, respectively. Since the first gate 1301 and the second gate 1302 are arranged on the side portion 103 of the silicon substrate 11, the alignment of the probes with the first gate 1301 and the second gate 1302 can be facilitated, and the interference and obstruction of the front surface 102 during the probe testing can be reduced, so that the testing is more convenient.

[0085] In some embodiments, the solar cell 10 includes a test gate, and the test gate includes the first gate 1301. Or, the test gate includes the second gate 1302. Or, the test gate includes the first gate 1301 and the second gate 1302. The test gate includes the second gate 1302. In other words, at least one of the first gate 1301 and the second gate 1302 can be used as the protection gate 13, and can also be used as the test gate. In this way, the alignment of the probes with the test gate can be facilitated, and the interference and obstruction of the front surface 102 during the probe testing can be reduced, so that the testing is more convenient.

[0086] Specifically, the length of the test gate is 10 mm-182 mm. For example, 10 mm, 12 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 50 mm, 80 mm, 100 mm, 120 mm, 150 mm, 160 mm, 180 mm, 182 mm. In this way, the length of the test gate is within a suitable range, which can avoid insufficient testing accuracy caused by too small length, and can also avoid waste of materials, increase of cost or interference with other structures of the cell caused by too large length.

[0087] Specifically, the thickness of the test gate is 10 μm-30 μm. For example, 10 μm, 12 μm, 15 μm, 18 μm, 20 μm, 22 μm, 25 μm, 28 μm, 30 μm. In this way, the thickness of the test gate is within a suitable range, which can avoid insufficient testing accuracy caused by too small thickness, and can also avoid waste of materials, increase of cost or interference with other structures of the cell caused by too large thickness.

[0088] Specifically, the first gate 1301 and the second gate 1302 can be arranged on the same side portion 103. As shown in FIG. 1C, the first gate 1301 and the second gate 1302 arranged on the same side portion 103 can be arranged alternately along the extension direction of the side portion 103. Figure 10

[0089] ​Specifically, the first grid 1301 and the second grid 1302 can also be arranged at different side portions 103. For example, the first grid 1301 and the second grid 1302 are arranged at two opposite side portions 103, respectively. In this way, the probe connection of the testing device is facilitated. For another example, the number of the side portions 103 is four, which are a first side portion, a second side portion, a third side portion and a fourth side portion connected in sequence, the first grid 1301 is arranged at the first side portion and the second side portion, and the second grid 1302 is arranged at the third side portion and the fourth side portion.

[0090] In some examples, at least one of the first side portion, the second side portion, the third side portion and the fourth side portion is not provided with the protection grid 13. For example, when the battery slice is cut, the cutting surface is not provided with the protection grid 13. In other words, the protection grid 13 avoids the cutting surface.

[0091] It can be understood that in other embodiments, the second grid 1302 is also omitted, and the first grid 1301 is used as a testing grid to perform IV testing, hot spot testing and the like. The first probe of the testing device can be connected to the first grid 1301, and the second probe can be connected to the second polarity grid line 122. For example, the second probe is connected to the second polarity main grid. The second probe can also be connected to the second polarity testing pad.

[0092] Please refer to Figure 11 In some embodiments, the first polarity grid line 121 and the second polarity grid line 122 are connected to the first string and the second string, respectively, the extension direction of the side portion 103 where the second grid 1302 is located is the same as the extension direction of the fine grid of the solar cell 10, the side portion 103 includes a first region 1034 and a second region 1035 corresponding to the first string and the second string, respectively, and the second grid 1302 is arranged in sections to avoid the first region 1034.

[0093] In this way, by arranging the second grid 1302 in sections to avoid the first region 1034 corresponding to the first string, the short circuit caused by the conduction of the second grid 1302 and the first string is avoided.

[0094] For the explanation and description of this part, please refer to the related explanation and description of the first grid 1301. To avoid redundancy, it will not be repeated here.

[0095] Please refer to Figure 12 In some embodiments, the first polarity grid line 121 and the second polarity grid line 122 are connected to the first string and the second string, respectively, the extension direction of the side portion 103 where the second grid 1302 is located is the same as the extension direction of the fine grid of the solar cell 10, the side portion 103 includes a first region 1034 and a second region 1035 corresponding to the first string and the second string, respectively, and the second grid 1302 is arranged in sections to avoid the first region 1034.

[0096] In this way, by arranging the second insulation member 142 at the second gate 1302, the second gate 1302 is insulated from the first stringing member, and short circuit caused by conduction between the second gate 1302 and the first stringing member can be avoided.

[0097] For explanations and descriptions about this part, reference can be made to the relevant explanations and descriptions about the first gate 1301 and the first insulation member 141, and details are not repeated here to avoid redundancy.

[0098] Please note that the explanations and descriptions about the protection gate 13 are applicable to the first gate 1301 and the second gate 1302. The explanations and descriptions about the gate line are applicable to the first polarity gate line 121 and the second polarity gate line 122.

[0099] In some embodiments, the ratio of the thickness of the protection gate 13 to the thickness d0 of the gate line is 1-3. For example, it is 1, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2, 2.2, 2.5, 2.8, or 3. In this way, the ratio of the thickness of the protection gate 13 to the thickness of the gate line is in a suitable range, which can avoid the thickness of the protection gate 13 being too small due to the ratio being too small, and the effect of enhancing the strength of the side portion 103 being poor, and can also avoid the thickness of the protection gate 13 being too large due to the ratio being too large, resulting in high cost.

[0100] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the side portion 103 includes a side edge, and the protection gate 13 includes a first protection portion 131 arranged at the side edge. The ratio of the thickness d1 of the first protection portion 131 to the thickness d0 of the gate line is 1-3. For example, it is 1, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2, 2.2, 2.5, 2.8, or 3. In this way, the ratio of the thickness of the first protection portion 131 to the thickness of the gate line is in a suitable range, which can avoid the thickness of the first protection portion 131 being too small due to the ratio being too small, and the effect of enhancing the strength of the side edge being poor, and can also avoid the thickness of the first protection portion 131 being too large due to the ratio being too large, resulting in high cost.

[0101] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6The side portion 103 includes a side surface 1033, and the protection fence 13 includes a second protection portion 132 arranged on the side edge. A ratio of a thickness d2 of the second protection portion 132 to a thickness d0 of the fence line is 1-3. For example, the ratio is 1, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2, 2.2, 2.5, 2.8, or 3. In this way, the ratio of the thickness of the second protection portion 132 to the thickness of the fence line is in a proper range, so that the thickness of the second protection portion 132 is not too small due to the ratio being too small, and the strength of the side surface 1033 is not too poor, and the thickness of the second protection portion 132 is not too large due to the ratio being too large, and the cost is not too high.

[0102] In some embodiments, the material of the protection fence 13 includes a first metal, and the material of the fence line includes a second metal, and the first metal is the same as the second metal.

[0103] In this way, at least one metal material of the material of the protection fence 13 and the material of the fence line is the same, so that the protection fence 13 and the fence line can share part of the material, thereby reducing the types of materials and the complexity of manufacturing.

[0104] Specifically, the first metal includes at least one of copper, aluminum, silver, tin, and nickel. The second metal includes at least one of copper, aluminum, silver, tin, and nickel. In this way, the fence line has good electrical conductivity, which is conducive to improving the transmission effect of the current.

[0105] Specifically, the protection fence 13 and the fence line can be made of the same material. In this way, other materials do not need to be used for manufacturing the protection fence 13, which can reduce the complexity of manufacturing. Moreover, the protection fence 13 and the fence line can be manufactured synchronously. For example, the protection fence 13 and the fence line are printed together in screen printing. For example, the protection fence 13 and the fence line are electroplated together. In this way, the process complexity can be further reduced, which is conducive to improving the manufacturing efficiency and reducing the production cost.

[0106] Please refer to Figure 1 In some embodiments, the side portion 103 includes a side edge and a side surface 1033, the side edge includes a first edge 1031 and a second edge 1032, the first edge 1031 is located between the side surface 1033 and the back surface 101, and the second edge 1032 is located between the side surface 1033 and the front surface 102.

[0107] In this way, the range of the side portion 103 is wider, which not only includes the side surface 1033 but also includes the side edge, thereby expanding the range in which the protection fence 13 can be arranged, and making the arrangement of the protection fence 13 more flexible.

[0108] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4In some embodiments, the protective grid 13 comprises a first protective portion 131 arranged at the side edge. In this way, the strength of the side edge can be enhanced by the first protective portion 131, and the risk of damage to the side edge can be reduced.

[0109] Specifically, the first protective portion 131 is arranged at the side edge means that the distance between the first protective portion 131 and the side edge is 0. The first protective portion 131 can extend from the side edge to the front surface 102 or the back surface 101. In other words, the first protective portion 131 can be located at the back surface 101 and the first edge 1031. The first protective portion 131 can be located at the front surface 102 and the second edge 1032.

[0110] Specifically, the first protective portion 131 can be arranged at part of the side edge, or can be arranged at the entire side edge. For example, the size of the first protective portion 131 in the length direction of the side edge is 50% of the length of the side edge. For another example, the first protective portion 131 completely covers the side edge. The specific relationship between the first protective portion 131 and the side edge is not limited herein.

[0111] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 In some embodiments, the width W1 of the first protective portion 131 is 10 μm-200 μm. For example, 10 μm, 11 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 50 μm, 80 μm, 100 μm, 120 μm, 150 μm, 180 μm, 200 μm.

[0112] In this way, the width W1 of the first protective portion 131 is in an appropriate range, which can avoid poor protection effect and high risk of damage caused by too small width, and can also avoid high cost and serious light shielding caused by too large width.

[0113] Specifically, the width W1 of the first protective portion 131 can be the same everywhere, or can be different everywhere, or can be the same in part of the region and different in the remaining region. When the first protective portion 131 arranged at the same side edge is in multiple segments, the widths W1 of the multiple segments of the first protective portion 131 can be the same, or can be different, or can be the same in part and different in the remaining part.

[0114] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 In some embodiments, the ratio of the length L1 of the first protective portion 131 to the length L0 of the side edge is 0.05-1. For example, 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 0.9, 1.

[0115] In this way, the ratio of the length L1 of the first protection part 131 to the length L0 of the side edge is in a proper range, so that the length L1 of the first protection part 131 is not too short and the protection effect is not too poor, and the length L1 of the first protection part 131 does not exceed the length L0 of the side edge.

[0116] Further, the ratio of the length L1 of the first protection part 131 to the length L0 of the side edge is 0.05-0.95. For example, 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 0.9, 0.95. In this way, the ratio range is further optimized, the cost and the protection effect are considered, and the overall effect is better.

[0117] It can be understood that when the first protection part 131 arranged on the same side edge is multi-segment, the length L1 of the first protection part 131 can refer to the total length of all the first protection parts 131.

[0118] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 In some embodiments, the protection grid 13 comprises a second protection part 132 arranged on the side surface 1033. In this way, the second protection part 132 can be used to strengthen the strength of the side surface 1033 and reduce the risk of damage to the side surface 1033.

[0119] Specifically, the second protection part 132 can be arranged on part of the side surface 1033, or can be arranged on the entire side surface 1033. For example, the coverage area of the second protection part 132 on the side surface 1033 is 50% of the total area of the side surface 1033. For example, the second protection part 132 completely covers the side surface 1033. The specific relationship between the second protection part 132 and the side surface 1033 is not limited herein.

[0120] Please note that Figure 5 L2 refers to the length of the second protection part 132. The explanation and description of the length L2 of the second protection part 132 can refer to the explanation and description of the length L1 of the first protection part 131. To avoid redundancy, it will not be repeated here.

[0121] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 In some embodiments, the width W2 of the second protection part 132 is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 150 μm. For example, 0.01 μm, 0.02 μm, 0.1 μm, 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 50 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, 110 μm, 30 μm, 150 μm.

[0122] In this way, the width W2 of the second protection part 132 is in a proper range, so that the width W2 is not too small to cause poor protection effect and high damage risk, and the width W2 is not too large to cause high cost.

[0123] Specifically, the width W2 of the second protection part 132 can be the same everywhere, or can be different everywhere, or can be the same in some regions and different in other regions. When the second protection part 132 is provided on the same side surface 1033 and there are a plurality of second protection parts 132, the widths W2 of the plurality of second protection parts 132 can be the same, or can be different, or can be the same in some regions and different in other regions.

[0124] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 In some embodiments, the width of the protection grid 13 is 10 μm-350 μm. For example, the width of the protection grid 13 is 10 μm, 11 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 50 μm, 80 μm, 100 μm, 120 μm, 150 μm, 180 μm, 200 μm, 220 μm, 250 μm, 280 μm, 300 μm, 310 μm, 330 μm, or 350 μm.

[0125] In this way, the width of the protection grid 13 is in a proper range, so that the width of the protection grid 13 is not too small to cause poor protection effect and high damage risk, and the width of the protection grid 13 is not too large to cause high cost.

[0126] Specifically, in the case where the protection grid 13 includes the first protection part 131 and the second protection part 132, the width of the protection grid 13 is the sum of the width W1 of the first protection part 131 and the width W2 of the second protection part 132.

[0127] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 In some embodiments, the ratio of the area of the second protection part 132 covering the side surface 1033 to the total area of the side surface 1033 is 0.05-1. For example, the ratio is 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 0.9, or 1.

[0128] In this way, the ratio of the area of the second protection part 132 covering the side surface 1033 to the total area of the side surface 1033 is in a proper range, so that the area of the second protection part 132 covering the side surface 1033 is not too small to cause poor protection effect, and the ratio is not too large to exceed the range of the side surface 1033.

[0129] Further, the ratio of the area of the second protection part 132 covering the side surface 1033 is 0.05-0.95. For example, 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 0.9, 0.95. In this way, the ratio range is further optimized, the cost and protection effect are considered, and the overall effect is better.

[0130] It can be understood that when the second protection part 132 provided on the same side surface 1033 is multiple, the area of the second protection part 132 can refer to the total area of all the second protection parts 132.

[0131] The battery assembly of the embodiment of the present application comprises the solar cell 10 of any one of the above.

[0132] The battery assembly of the embodiment of the present application can enhance the strength of the side part 103 of the solar cell 10 and reduce the risk of damage to the edge of the solar cell 10, because the side part 103 of the silicon substrate 11 in the solar cell 10 is provided with the protection grid 13. At the same time, the first grid 1301 in the protection grid 13 is in conduction with the first polarity grid line 121 and insulation with the second polarity grid line 122, so as to avoid the first grid 1301 conducting the first polarity grid line 121 and the second polarity grid line 122, and reduce the risk of short circuit of the solar cell 10.

[0133] In the embodiment, the plurality of solar cells 10 in the battery assembly can be sequentially connected in series to form a cell string, so as to realize the series connection of the current output. For example, the connection of the solar cells can be realized by means of welding strip (bus bar, interconnection strip), conductive back plate, etc.

[0134] It can be understood that in such an embodiment, the battery assembly can further comprise a metal frame, a back plate, photovoltaic glass and a film. The film can be filled between the front surface 102 and the back surface 101 of the solar cell 10, photovoltaic glass, adjacent solar cells, etc., as a filler, which can be a transparent gel with good light transmission performance and aging resistance, for example, the film can use EVA film or POE film, which can be selected according to actual conditions, and is not limited here.

[0135] The photovoltaic glass can be covered on the film of the front surface 102 of the solar cell 10. The photovoltaic glass can be super white glass, which has high light transmittance, high transparency, and has superior physical, mechanical and optical properties. For example, the light transmittance of super white glass can reach more than 92%, which can protect the solar cell 10 as much as possible without affecting the efficiency of the solar cell 10. At the same time, the film can bond the photovoltaic glass and the solar cell 10 together, and the existence of the film can seal and insulate the solar cell 10 and prevent water and moisture.

[0136] The back plate can be attached to the adhesive film on the back surface 101 of the solar cell 10. The back plate can protect and support the solar cell 10, has reliable insulation, water resistance and aging resistance, and can have multiple options, which can generally be tempered glass, organic glass, aluminum alloy TPT composite adhesive film, etc. The specific setting can be made according to the specific situation, which is not limited here. The whole composed of the back plate, the solar cell 10, the adhesive film and the photovoltaic glass can be arranged on the metal frame. The metal frame serves as the main external support structure of the entire battery assembly, and can stably support and install the battery assembly. For example, the battery assembly can be installed at the desired installation position through the metal frame.

[0137] The photovoltaic system of the embodiment of the present application comprises the above-mentioned battery assembly.

[0138] In the photovoltaic system of the embodiment of the present application, the side part 103 of the silicon substrate 11 in the solar cell 10 is provided with the protection grid 13, so that the strength of the side part 103 of the solar cell 10 can be enhanced, and the risk of damage to the edge of the solar cell 10 can be reduced. At the same time, the first grid 1301 in the protection grid 13 is in conduction with the first polarity grid line 121 and is insulated from the second polarity grid line 122, so that the first grid 1301 can avoid conducting the first polarity grid line 121 and the second polarity grid line 122, and the risk of short circuit of the solar cell 10 can be reduced.

[0139] In the embodiment, the photovoltaic system can be applied in a photovoltaic power station, such as a ground power station, a roof power station, a water surface power station, etc., and can also be applied in a device or apparatus that utilizes solar energy to generate electricity, such as a user solar power source, a solar street lamp, a solar car, a solar building, etc. Of course, it can be understood that the application scenarios of the photovoltaic system are not limited to this, that is, the photovoltaic system can be applied in all fields that need to use solar energy to generate electricity. Taking a photovoltaic power generation system network as an example, the photovoltaic system can comprise a photovoltaic array, a current combiner and an inverter. The photovoltaic array can be an array combination of a plurality of battery assemblies. For example, a plurality of battery assemblies can form a plurality of photovoltaic arrays. The photovoltaic array is connected to the current combiner. The current combiner can combine the current generated by the photovoltaic array. The combined current flows through the inverter to convert into alternating current required by the power grid, and then is connected to the power grid to realize solar power supply.

[0140] In the description of the present specification, the description of the terms "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiments or examples are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily mean the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0141] Furthermore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the application. Further embodiments of the application will readily occur to those skilled in the art. The application in its broader aspects is therefore not limited to the specific details, representative apparatus, and illustrative examples shown and described. Various advantages of the application will be apparent before the end of the specification.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that, include: A silicon substrate, including a back side, a front side, and a side, wherein the side connects the back side and the front side; A plurality of gate lines, including a first polarity gate line and a second polarity gate line, wherein the first polarity gate line is disposed on the back side, and the second polarity gate line is disposed on the back side and / or the front side, and is insulated from the first polarity gate line; A protective barrier is provided on the side, including a first barrier, which is connected to the first polarity barrier line and insulated from the second polarity barrier line; The first polar grid line and the second polar grid line are respectively connected to the first cascade connector and the second cascade connector. The extension direction of the side portion where the first grid is located is the same as the extension direction of the fine grid of the solar cell. The side portion includes a first region and a second region, which correspond to the first cascade connector and the second cascade connector respectively. The first gate is segmented to avoid the second region; or, the portion of the first gate located in the second region is provided with a first insulating element to insulate the first gate from the second connecting element.

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective barrier includes a second barrier, which is connected to the second polarity barrier line and insulated from the first polarity barrier line and the first barrier.

3. The solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first polar grid line and the second polar grid line are respectively connected to the first connector and the second connector. The extension direction of the side portion where the second grid is located is the same as the extension direction of the fine grid of the solar cell. The side portion includes a first region and a second region, which correspond to the first connector and the second connector respectively. The second grid is segmented to avoid the first region.

4. The solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first polarity grid line and the second polarity grid line are respectively connected to the first series connector and the second series connector. The extension direction of the side portion where the second grid is located is the same as the extension direction of the fine grid of the solar cell. The side portion includes a first region and a second region, which correspond to the first series connector and the second series connector respectively. A second insulating member is provided at the location of the second grid in the first region to insulate the second grid from the first series connector.

5. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of the thickness of the protective grid to the thickness of the grid line is 1-3.

6. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective barrier is made of a first metal, and the barrier wires are made of a second metal, wherein the first metal and the second metal are the same.

7. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side portion includes a side edge and a side surface. The side edge includes a first edge and a second edge. The first edge is located between the side surface and the back surface, and the second edge is located between the side surface and the front surface.

8. The solar cell according to claim 7, characterized in that, The protective fence includes a first protective portion disposed on the side edge.

9. The solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that, The width of the first protective part is 10μm-200μm.

10. The solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that, The ratio of the length of the first protective part to the length of the side edge is 0.05-1.

11. The solar cell according to claim 7, characterized in that, The protective barrier includes a second protective portion, which is disposed on the side.

12. The solar cell according to claim 11, characterized in that, The width of the second protective part is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 150 μm.

13. The solar cell according to claim 11, characterized in that, The ratio of the area of ​​the second protective part covering the side to the total area of ​​the side is 0.05-1.

14. A battery assembly, characterized in that, Includes the solar cell according to any one of claims 1-13.

15. A photovoltaic system, characterized in that, Includes the battery assembly as described in claim 14.

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