Spraying and recycling integrated device for leaf fertilizer and disease algae-removing pesticide in ebb-tide interval period for cultivating laver on beach

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated device for spraying and recycling foliar fertilizer and disease algae-removing medicine in an ebb-tide interval period for cultivating laver on a beach. The integrated device is designed for solving the problems of poor algae growth, rot and green algae invasion caused by uneven nutrition in a sea area. Universal wheels are arranged at the bottom of a tray, the height of the universal wheels is 30 cm, and the universal wheels adapt to hard mud of the mud flat; mechanical traction and traction round holes in the two sides are matched with a hand pull rod with a hook to achieve manual steering and power-assisted traction. According to the pesticide-fertilizer liquid spraying system, a liquid storage tank is connected with a front-end double-row atomization spray head set through a water pump, spraying is conducted from bottom to top, a raft frame rope net is covered, and the double-face pesticide receiving rate of the algae is increased. And the residual liquid recovery system comprises a flocculent filter pad for primary filtration, a conical bottom precipitation tank for standing and sand removal, a floating filter for three-stage filtration and residual liquid recovery to a liquid storage tank. By means of the device, leaf fertilizer and disease algae removal pesticide spraying and recycling are effectively implemented, the prevention and control efficiency is improved, the environmental risk is reduced, and green algae prevention and control and laver yield and income increase are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture equipment, specifically a device for spraying and recovering foliar fertilizers and algaecides for tidal flat laver cultivation. This device features universally adjustable wheels, adapting to the hard, muddy terrain of tidal flats and the slightly curved arrangement of raft support poles due to wind currents. Spraying from bottom to top ensures that the algae are treated on both sides, increasing utilization by over 40%. A three-stage filtration process (filter pad → sedimentation tank → filter silk) achieves a residual liquid recovery rate exceeding 85%. Mechanical traction, supplemented by manual traction, achieves an operating efficiency of 10 mu / hour, a five-fold improvement over manual traction. Background Art

[0002] Existing foliar fertilizer and algaecide spraying in intertidal laver aquaculture suffers from drawbacks: First, the short low tide period (typically ≤4 hours) makes manual application inefficient; second, uneven nutrient solution penetration results in only one side of the algae receiving the fertilizer, resulting in a utilization rate of less than 40%, and residual liquid polluting the mudflat ecosystem; third, existing mudflat machinery is too large to fit under rafts. In the cultivation of Porphyra yezoensis and Porphyra tidal flats on radiating sandbars and land-connected mudflats, ocean currents and the specific aquaculture area lead to uneven nutrient distribution, resulting in slow laver growth, poor thallus growth, susceptibility to rot and fall, and algae encroaching on the rope nets. Due to the high mobility of intertidal water, fertilizers sprayed into the water quickly diffuse and dissipate, making targeted application impossible. Furthermore, manual application after dry-out is inefficient, and excess fertilizer has a significant environmental impact. A specialized device suitable for the low tide dry-out period, precise fertilizer application, and recovery is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, a device for spraying and recovering foliar fertilizer and disease algaecide during the low tide interval for tidal flat laver cultivation was invented.

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a device specifically designed for use on mudflats that can efficiently spray liquid fertilizer or liquid medicine during low tide and recover the excess liquid. This is achieved through the following technical solution: A device for spraying and recovering foliar fertilizer and algaecide during low tide for tidal flat laver cultivation is provided. As shown in the figure, this system includes:

[0005] Traction moving pallet system (1): A pallet (101) with a length of 2.0 to 3.0 m and a width of 2.5 to 2.8 m is installed at the bottom in four rows, with four to six stainless steel universal wheels (102) in each row, and a height of 30 cm; the slope percentage of the pallet (101) is 2%; traction circular holes (103) are provided on both sides of the pallet, and the diameter of the traction circular holes on both sides of the pallet is 3 to 5 cm; at the front end of a row of raft frames, the pallet is pulled forward by mechanical traction mode, supplemented by manual traction, and a hand pull rod (length 1.2 m) with a straight hook is hooked on the circular hole (103) to control the direction of travel and assist traction. This device is suitable for the hard mud environment of the mudflat.

[0006] The pesticide and fertilizer liquid storage and spraying system (2) is as follows: the liquid storage tank (201) at the rear end of the tray is connected to the pressure water pump (203), and is connected to the atomizing nozzle group (204) at the front end of the tray through a water pipe (double-row staggered layout, spray angle 60°~75°, atomized particle size ≤150μm), the nozzle height is 30~50 cm from the rope net, and the atomization coverage width is 2.5~2.8 m; the liquid storage tank capacity range is 100L~300L; the battery (202) is connected to the power switch (205) connected to the pressure water pump (203) and then connected to the battery (202), forming a power supply circuit for the spraying system.

[0007] Excess liquid fertilizer collection and sand removal system (3): The tray surface is covered with a flocculent filter pad (301), which is then connected to a cone-bottom sedimentation tank (302) for sedimentation; the filter pad is cleaned every 30 minutes; a floating filter (303) is installed in the tank, and the filter suction port is covered with 80-120 mesh filter silk (304), and the suction port is connected to a residual liquid recovery pump (305) and is connected to a liquid storage tank (201). After the residual liquid recovery pump (305) is sprayed and started, when the residual liquid in the sedimentation tank is ≥20 cm, the float liquid level switch (308) automatically starts; and the suction port is always located 3-5 cm below the liquid surface along with the floating filter (303). The floating filter (303) contains a closed-cell foamed polyethylene float, the volume of each float being ≥300 cm³, the density being 0.25 g / cm³, and the net buoyancy being ≥2 N. A conical bottom sand discharge port (306) is added to the sedimentation tank (302), and a manual sand discharge hose (307) is externally connected to the conical bottom sand discharge port. During sand discharge, the residual liquid recovery pump (305) is forcibly turned off by the power switch (205); the sand discharge port is opened every 2 hours of operation to discharge sand until clear water flows out, and the residual liquid recovery pump is simultaneously stopped.

[0008] Through the construction of this device, foliar fertilizer and disease pesticide spraying and integrated recovery can be effectively implemented on the seaweed cultured on the tidal flats during the interval between low tides. The development of this device meets the specific requirements of the "National Key Areas of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation (2024-2028)" issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, in the field of improving cultivated land quality (the second key area), "major products such as precision and efficient fertilization and integrated fertilizer and liquid medicine and their supporting equipment." BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 : A three-dimensional structural diagram of the device (showing the positional relationship between the atomizing nozzle group (204), the circular hole (103), the filter pad (301), the power switch (205) and the sand discharge hose (307)); Figure 2 : Side elevation of the device (including front elevation, left elevation, and rear elevation, showing the positional relationship between the tray (101), the sand discharge hose (307), and the universal wheel (102), and showing that the universal wheel (102) is 30 cm high); Figure 3: A top view and a plan view of the device (showing the positional relationship between the power switch (205), the liquid storage tank (201), the battery (202), the pressurized water pump (203), and the residual liquid recovery pump (305)); Figure 4 : Bottom view of the device (universal wheels arranged in 4 rows, 5 wheels / row); Figure 5 : The structure diagram of the device for storing and spraying the fertilizer liquid, collecting and removing sand (showing the position relationship of the floating filter (303), the liquid storage tank (201), the battery (202), the pressure water pump (203), the cone bottom sedimentation tank (302), the filter silk (304), the residual liquid recovery pump (305), the float liquid level switch (308), the sand discharge port (306), the sand discharge hose (307) and the floating filter details); Figure 6 : A cross-sectional view of the device (showing the positional relationship between the atomizing nozzle group (204), the bottom plate of the 2% slope ratio tray (101), the float liquid level switch (308), the floating filter (303), the filter port covering the filter silk (304), the universal wheel (102), the sand discharge hose (307), and the details of the floating filter); Figure 7 : Circuit diagram: Residual liquid recovery system circuit connection diagram (battery (202) positive pole → power switch (205) → float liquid level switch (308) → residual liquid recovery pump (305) → battery (202) negative pole); pesticide fertilizer spraying system circuit connection diagram (battery (202) positive pole → power switch (205) → pressure water pump (203) → battery (202) negative pole); float liquid level switch connection (corrosion-resistant material + 20 cm adjustable set point) → side wall installation (avoiding filter) → connection to pump control circuit → regular maintenance). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] Operation process: After the tide recedes, hook the hand-pulled rod through the round hole for traction → Place the device (traction mobile tray 2.0-3.0 m long and 2.5-2.8 m wide) between the raft frames → Start the traction device (winch installed on the mudflat tractor) → Start the spraying system (spraying volume 10 L / min) → When encountering strong silt resistance, hook the pull rod through the round hole for assistance → Residual liquid is filtered through the filter pad into the sedimentation tank → Start the residual liquid recovery pump for recovery (automatically starts when the residual liquid is ≥20 cm) → Clean the filter pad every 30 minutes of operation (use a double-layer removable filter pad, which can be quickly replaced during the interval between operations) → Open the sand discharge port every 2 hours of operation until clear water flows out, and simultaneously stop the residual liquid recovery pump. Control sand discharge through the sand discharge port at the cone bottom of the sedimentation tank by connecting a manual sand discharge hose.

[0012] Example: Tests at a laver cultivation enterprise in Hai'an City, on the Zhugen Beach in Jiangjiasha, Jiangsu Province, showed that the device effectively removed algae by spraying a green algae removal agent, resolving the problem of algae encroaching on laver ropes and nets. When algae were abundant, spraying with 0.1% hydrogen peroxide began one hour before high tide for immediate algae removal. When algae were less abundant (or for preventive measures), spraying with 0.1% to 0.3% sodium percarbonate began at low tide. (A method for removing algae from laver cultivation, patent number: CN 103518698 A, abstract: "Three days after spraying with the algaecide, the algae removal rate was 100%, and no impact on laver growth was observed.") Spraying with a drug targeting filamentous fungi (such as the parasitic filamentous fungi that cause laver rot) effectively inhibited the spread of filamentous fungi and prevented further rot. For short-term emergency treatment, sodium hypochlorite at a concentration of 2 to 5 ppm was used. Spraying replenishes nutrients lacking in laver cultivation to promote laver growth. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea (0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1% urea) are sprayed after low tide to prevent premature algal aging and promote biomass accumulation. The types and concentrations of the chemicals listed are examples only and do not limit the device's use. All components contacting the liquid, including the liquid storage tank, piping, and filter, must be made of chemically resistant materials (such as PP or 316L stainless steel; filter pads and filter silk should be made of PTFE).

[0013] Through this device, algae removal, antibacterial and fertilization are effectively implemented. Compared with traditional manual spraying, the operating efficiency of this device is 10 mu / h. Under the agent concentration and operating conditions described in the embodiment, the foliar fertilizer utilization rate is increased from 40% to 85%, the green algae removal rate is >90%, and the disease prevention and control efficiency is increased by 70%; the prevention and control efficiency is improved and the environmental risks are reduced, achieving green algae prevention and control and increased seaweed production and income.

Claims

1. An integrated device for spraying and recovering foliar fertilizer and algaecide during the low tide period for tidal flat laver cultivation, characterized in that: include: Traction and mobile pallet system: The pallet (101) is 2.0-3.0 m long and 2.5-2.8 m wide. The bottom of the bottom pallet is provided with four rows of four to six stainless steel universal wheels (102) each, each row with a height of 30 cm. This device is connected to an external mechanical traction device (such as a winch), and the mechanical traction mode is supplemented by human traction to adapt to the hard mud of the tidal flat. The pesticide and fertilizer liquid storage and spraying system: The liquid storage tank (201) is connected to the atomizing nozzle group (204) at the front end of the pallet via a pressurized water pump (203). The nozzle group has a spray angle of 60°-75° from bottom to top, and is arranged in two rows in a staggered manner. Excess liquid fertilizer collection and sand removal system: The tray surface is covered with a flocculent filter pad (301), which is a double-layered removable filter pad with a flip-up quick-detachable structure. It is then connected to a cone-bottom sedimentation tank (302) for sedimentation. A floating filter (303) is provided in the tank. The suction port of the filter is covered with 80-120 mesh filter silk (304), and the suction port is connected to a residual liquid recovery pump (305). After three-stage filtration, the liquid is sent to the liquid storage tank (201). After the residual liquid recovery pump (305) is started for spraying, the float liquid level switch (308) is automatically started when the residual liquid in the sedimentation tank (302) is ≥20 cm; and the suction port is always located 3 to 5 cm below the liquid surface along with the floating filter (303); the floating filter (303) contains a closed-cell foamed polyethylene float, the volume of a single float is ≥300 cm³, the density is 0.25 g / cm³, and it provides a net buoyancy of ≥2 N; a cone bottom sand discharge port (306) is additionally provided in the sedimentation tank (302), and a manual sand discharge hose (307) is externally connected to the cone bottom sand discharge port.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein: The atomizing nozzle group (204) has an atomized particle size of ≤150 μm and is located at a height of 30 to 50 cm from the seaweed raft rope net.

3. The device according to claim 1, wherein: Traction holes (103) are provided on both sides of the tray, and a hand pull rod with a straight hook is used to realize direction control and manpower-assisted traction.

4. The device according to claim 1, wherein: A conical bottom sand discharge port (306) is added to the sedimentation tank (302), and a manual sand discharge hose (307) is connected to the sand discharge port at the bottom of the sedimentation tank to control sand discharge.

5. The device according to claim 1, wherein: The filter pad and filter silk are made of PTFE.

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