Decoration material loss calculation method based on three-dimensional scanning and BIM technology

Abstract

The invention relates to a decoration material loss calculation method based on a three-dimensional scanning and BIM technology, the decoration material is a block-shaped or sheet-shaped material, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining a BIM model of a to-be-decorated object based on a three-dimensional laser scanning technology, achieving the conversion from point cloud data to the BIM model, and simplifying the modeling process; according to the method, a decoration standard line is marked before three-dimensional scanning and is reflected in a BIM model, so that the standard and convenient decoration elevation control is formed, in the automatic paving and pasting process of ground and wall decoration materials, the condition is kept consistent with the actual paving and pasting condition, the material typesetting precision is improved, material model creation and paving and pasting are rapidly completed by means of a modeling auxiliary tool, and the construction efficiency is improved. The material typesetting efficiency is improved; according to the method, material codes are created, all leftover materials in a project model are concentrated together to seek a cutting scheme when the loss rate is the lowest, and a cutting layout map marked with the codes is output, so that material loss is effectively reduced while material cutting is better controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of building decoration, and in particular to a method for calculating the loss of decoration materials after combining actual measurement with a BIM model using three-dimensional scanning technology. Background Art

[0002] In traditional building decoration, the layout of finishing materials often relies on manual measurement and design, which is inefficient and subject to significant errors. Traditional layout diagrams for finishing materials fail to accurately reflect the actual dimensions of the materials to be laid. Workers must simultaneously lay, measure, and process the materials, resulting in low construction efficiency, significant material waste, and increased project costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the calculation accuracy of the loss rate of decoration materials.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a method for calculating the loss of decoration materials based on three-dimensional scanning and BIM technology, wherein the decoration materials are block or sheet materials, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0005] 1) Based on 3D laser scanning technology, obtain the BIM model of the object to be renovated

[0006] 1-1) 3D laser scanning on-site measurement. Before measurement, please mark the location of the decoration standard line (usually the one-meter line on the wall) used for decoration elevation control to obtain point cloud data of the finished surface of the civil wall;

[0007] 1-2) creating a point cloud model based on the point cloud data, and exporting the point cloud model as an RCP format file;

[0008] 1-3) In the RCP format point cloud model, use the point selection tool to find the center of the decoration standard line marked in the point cloud data, and use the average of multiple center elevations as the final position of the decoration standard line;

[0009] 1-4) Using the wall fitting tool in Revit, complete the fitting of the civil engineering wall based on the RCP format point cloud model, and then connect the fitted walls to form an enclosed space;

[0010] 1-5) Using the squaring tool in Revit, square the civil wall surface to obtain a reference surface. Compare this reference surface with the RCP point cloud model. For locations with door and window openings, create openings of the same size on the reference surface to obtain a BIM model of the object to be renovated.

[0011] 2) In Revit software, determine the positioning space for floor and wall finishing materials in the reference plane of the BIM model based on the decoration standard line, and quickly complete the creation and laying of block or sheet material models with the help of modeling auxiliary tools. In the process of laying floor finishing materials, pay attention to leaving expansion joints away from the wall. In the process of laying wall block finishing materials, pay attention to first calculate the design distance between the back of the block material and the civil wall according to the construction structure of the block material, and take this distance into account during the laying process;

[0012] 3) Material loss calculation and cutting layout output

[0013] 3-1) Create material codes through coding auxiliary tools to distinguish materials of different materials, models and specifications;

[0014] 3-2) All scraps in the BIM model of the project are extracted and automatically combined through an algorithm to calculate the loss rate, and the cutting plan with the lowest loss rate is obtained as the optimal solution;

[0015] 3-3) Outputting a cutting layout diagram of the whole block or sheet material corresponding to the optimal solution with the aid of a drawing auxiliary tool, wherein the code corresponding to each of the scraps is displayed on the diagram.

[0016] The coding rules for the material coding in step 3-1) are recommended as follows: the material coding is formed based on the material grouping, model, and specification information in the BIM model after step 2), wherein the specifications of rectangular materials are defined by their actual dimensions, and for other special-shaped materials, their specifications are defined by serial codes.

[0017] Step 3) Material loss calculation and cutting layout drawing output are achieved by forming a plug-in in Revit software.

[0018] For step 3-2), the applicant also designed the following algorithm:

[0019] Arrange all scraps of the same material and model from large to small according to area, and then fill the scraps into the material model of the whole block or piece to be cut in sequence according to the principle of large area priority until there is no more room. In this way, the cutting layout of the first piece of material to be cut is obtained, and the cutting layout of all scraps is completed according to the above method.

[0020] The specific steps of step 1-2) creating a point cloud model based on the point cloud data are as follows:

[0021] After performing registration and denoising processing on the point cloud data, the point cloud model is obtained.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0023] The present invention ensures the accuracy of the calculation of the loss rate of decoration materials from multiple aspects, from model creation, decoration material laying control, to material cutting control. Not only that, the method of the present invention is also conducive to improving the efficiency of the calculation of the loss rate of decoration materials and the construction of the entire project, as follows:

[0024] The present invention uses 3D scanning technology to obtain the actual measured point cloud data of the object to be renovated, and then converts it into a point cloud model. Then, by fitting the wall surface and wall squares to the point cloud model in Revit software, it not only realizes the conversion of point cloud data into BIM model, simplifies the modeling process, improves modeling efficiency, but also ensures the accuracy of the model.

[0025] The present invention marks the decoration standard line before 3D scanning and reflects it in the BIM model to form a standard, which facilitates the control of decoration elevation. In the process of automatic laying of floor decoration materials, attention is paid to leaving expansion joints away from the wall. In the process of laying block decoration materials on the wall, the designed distance between the back of the block material and the civil wall is considered. Through these measures, the controllability of the laying process is improved, and it is consistent with the actual laying conditions, which can significantly improve the accuracy of material layout. At the same time, the automatic laying of materials with the help of tools can also significantly improve the efficiency of material layout.

[0026] The present invention creates material codes, brings together all scraps in the project model, seeks a cutting plan with the lowest loss rate, and outputs a cutting layout diagram with marked codes. This can better control the cutting of materials, effectively reduce material loss, reduce costs, and improve project construction efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 is the point cloud data model;

[0029] Figure 3 is the reference surface model;

[0030] Figure 4 This is the reference elevation view of the ground stone;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional view of the ground stone;

[0032] Figure 6 It is the reference elevation view of the wall stone;

[0033] Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional view of the wall stone;

[0034] Figure 8 This is the model after laying the wall and floor stones;

[0035] Figure 9 Typesetting for cutting Figure 1 ;

[0036] Figure 10 Typesetting for cutting Figure 2 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] This paper proposes a method for calculating the loss of decoration materials based on 3D scanning and BIM technology. The decoration materials here are block or sheet materials, including stone, ceramic panels, veneer wood, wood flooring, gypsum board, wallpaper, etc. For details, please refer to the industry standard "JCT2350-2016 - Guide to Material Selection for Interior Decoration." The following describes the method using stone as an example.

[0038] A method for calculating the loss of decoration materials based on 3D scanning and BIM technology, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0039] 1) Based on 3D laser scanning technology, obtain the BIM model of the object to be renovated.

[0040] 1-1) 3D laser scanning on-site measurement. Before measurement, please mark the location of the decoration standard line used for decoration elevation control to obtain point cloud data of the finished surface of the civil engineering wall.

[0041] Before conducting a 3D laser scanning on-site measurement, the BIM designer should pre-arrange the instrument stations on the floor plan. The stations should be arranged contiguously, with overlapping scanning ranges. Standard decoration lines should also be marked. In this example, a checkerboard pattern is placed along the one-meter line on the wall to represent this line in the point cloud data. Scanning is recommended by station, and the station number should be consistent with the point cloud data file number. The point cloud data file is the original storage file of the scan.

[0042] 1-2) Creating a point cloud model based on the point cloud data, such as Figure 2 As shown, export the point cloud model as an rcp format file.

[0043] After a series of processing such as registration and denoising on the point cloud data file, a visual point cloud model is obtained and the point cloud model is exported as an RCP format file.

[0044] 1-3) In the RCP format point cloud model, use the point selection tool to find the center of the chessboard paper used to mark the decoration standard line in the point cloud data, and use the average of the center elevations of multiple chessboard papers as the final position of the one-meter line on the wall.

[0045] 1-4) In Revit software, use the wall fitting auxiliary tool to complete the fitting of the civil engineering wall based on the RCP format point cloud model, and then connect the fitted walls to form an enclosed space.

[0046] First, identify the walls of the RCP format point cloud model, and then use the fitting wall auxiliary tool to envelop the points of the point cloud model of each wall in an envelope manner. The principle is to ensure that 95% of the enveloped points are within the fitting wall. Finally, the fitting walls are automatically connected to form an enclosed space.

[0047] 1-5) Use the square tool in Revit software to square the civil wall surface to obtain the reference surface, such as Figure 3 As shown, the reference plane is then compared with the RCP format point cloud model. For locations with door and window openings, holes of the same size are opened on the reference plane to obtain the BIM model of the object to be decorated.

[0048] The specific method of using the squaring auxiliary tool to square the civil wall surface to obtain the reference surface is as follows:

[0049] First, create a baseline. Baselines are set for individual apartment types and public areas. For each apartment, establish two lines parallel to the floor plan on the walls on either side of the starting point for laying the stone in the living and dining room. These lines serve as the baselines. Copy these lines to the kitchen, bathroom, hallway, rooms, and balcony according to the layout rules.

[0050] Then, adjust the angle of the fitted wall based on the reference line, and use the wall squaring auxiliary tool to make the fitted wall parallel to the reference line to complete the creation of the reference surface.

[0051] The present invention obtains the actual measured point cloud data of the object to be decorated through 3D scanning technology, and then converts it into a point cloud model. Then, by fitting the point cloud model to the wall surface and wall square in Revit software, it not only solves the problem that the point cloud model of 3D laser scanning technology is difficult to directly identify in Revit software, but also realizes the conversion of point cloud data to BIM model, simplifies the modeling process, improves modeling efficiency, and ensures the accuracy of the model.

[0052] 2) In Revit, determine the positioning space for the floor and wall stones within the BIM model's reference plane based on the standard decoration lines. Using modeling tools, quickly create and lay the stone model. Typically, the height of the finished floor stone paving surface is one meter below the one-meter line on the wall, which also serves as the starting point for the wall stone positioning space, or the zero point of the Z coordinate.

[0053] The specific method is as follows:

[0054] (2-1) Family creation. The family is required to be a family created by a conventional model. The length, width, and normal vector of the stone family are implemented according to a unified principle, as follows:

[0055] a) Requirements for creating a ground stone material family:

[0056] The length direction of the ground stone component is required to be the X direction and the width direction is the Y direction; the Z direction is the direction of the stone normal vector, and the normal vector direction must be upward; the length and width can be variable, such as Figure 4 、 5 As shown. Among them, Figure 4 Used to express the X, Y, and Z coordinates of a 600mm*600mm stone on the ground. Since the Z coordinate of the stone on the ground is 0, only the X and Y coordinates need to be expressed.

[0057] b) Requirements for creating a wall stone material family:

[0058] The length direction of the wall stone component is required to be X direction, and the width direction is Z direction; the Y direction is the direction of the stone normal vector, and the normal vector direction should be forward; the length and width can be variable, such as Figure 6 、 7 As shown. Among them, Figure 6 The view used to express the reference elevation of the wall is Figure 7 The elevation status of the 3D view.

[0059] (2-2) Ground stone paving

[0060] a) Expansion joint setting. Since the ground stone requires an expansion joint from the wall, the expansion joint should be 10mm when there are no other requirements. The BIM designer should adjust this value based on the RCP point cloud data model so that the wall stone or skirting can cover the expansion joint.

[0061] b) Laying ground stones. The present invention provides two methods for laying ground stones, which can be used for laying stones in large areas and small areas. The effect is as follows: Figure 8 shown.

[0062] b1) First, create a non-stone floor. Use the modeling tool to replace it with a stone family with attribute information to complete the block stone floor model. Use the Revit floor system family to first model the large, non-block stone surface. Using the one-click wall and floor stone modeling tool, set parameters such as material, stone thickness, and stone joint width to replace the floor system family with the stone family and complete the block stone floor model.

[0063] b2) Use the Ground Stone Modeling Assist tool to create a ground stone model using a conventional model. Set up a room or modeling area for the space where stone paving is required. In the Ground Stone Modeling Assist tool, set parameters such as material, stone thickness, stone joint width, stone length and width to automatically generate the ground stone.

[0064] (2-3) Wall stone paving.

[0065] a) Calculate the design distance between the back of the wall stone and the finished surface of the civil wall (hereinafter referred to as the distance from the wall) based on the construction structure of the stone.

[0066] b) Laying wall stones. The present invention provides two methods for paving wall stones, which can be used for paving large areas and small areas of stone. The effect is as follows: Figure 8 shown.

[0067] b1) First, create the non-stone wall surface. Use the modeling tool to replace it with a conventional model to complete the block stone wall model. Use the Revit wall system family to first model the large non-block stone surface. Control the distance between the stone and the finished surface of the civil wall based on the distance from the wall, and set the model lines according to the stone specifications. Use the one-click wall and floor stone modeling tool, and set parameters such as material, stone thickness, and stone joint width in the tool to replace the conventional model family with the floor system family to complete the block stone floor model.

[0068] b2) Use the wall stone modeling tool to create a ground stone model using a conventional model. Select a basic wall where stone paving is required, and use the tool to set parameters such as thickness from the wall, material, stone thickness, stone joint width, stone length, and width to automatically generate the wall stone.

[0069] The present invention marks a one-meter line on the wall before 3D scanning and reflects it in the BIM model, which facilitates the elevation control of stone paving. In the process of automatic paving of floor decoration materials, attention is paid to leaving expansion joints away from the wall. In the process of paving block decoration materials on the wall, the designed distance between the back of the block material and the civil wall is considered. Through these measures, not only the controllability of the paving process is improved, but also it is consistent with the actual paving conditions, which can significantly improve the accuracy of material layout. At the same time, with the help of tools to realize automatic paving of materials, the efficiency of layout can be significantly improved.

[0070] 3) Material loss calculation and cutting layout output.

[0071] 3-1) Create stone codes through coding auxiliary tools to distinguish materials of different materials, models and specifications.

[0072] The coding rules for material coding are recommended as follows: the material coding is formed based on the material grouping, model, and specification information in the BIM model of the project after step 2), wherein the specifications of rectangular materials are defined by their actual dimensions, and for other special-shaped materials, their specifications are defined by serial codes.

[0073] 3-2) Extract all scraps from the project's BIM model, automatically combine them using an algorithm, and calculate the loss rate. The optimal solution is the cutting plan that minimizes the loss rate. This project can be a renovation project for a single apartment, an entire building, or even multiple buildings.

[0074] The algorithm for optimizing the loss rate can be an existing algorithm, or the following algorithm can be used:

[0075] Arrange all scraps of the same material and type from largest to smallest by area, and then fill the scraps into the material model of the whole block or piece to be cut in sequence according to the principle of large area first until there is no more space. In this way, the cutting layout of the first piece of material to be cut is obtained, and the cutting layout of all scraps is completed according to the above method. The schematic diagram after placement is as follows Figure 9 、 10 shown.

[0076] 3-3) Outputting a cutting layout diagram of the entire stone corresponding to the optimal solution with the aid of a drawing-generating auxiliary tool, wherein the code corresponding to each of the scraps is displayed on the diagram.

[0077] The above step 3) material loss calculation and cutting layout drawing output is achieved by forming a plug-in in the Revit software.

[0078] The present invention creates material codes, brings together all scraps in the project model, seeks a cutting plan with the lowest loss rate, and outputs a cutting layout diagram with marked codes. This not only allows the traditionally discarded scraps to be recycled and the loss rate to be reduced, but also better controls the cutting of materials, effectively reduces material loss, reduces costs, and improves project construction efficiency.

Claims

1. A method for calculating decoration material loss based on 3D scanning and BIM technology, characterized in that: The decoration material is a block or sheet material, which includes the following steps: 1) Based on 3D laser scanning technology, obtain the BIM model of the object to be renovated 1-1) 3D laser scanning on-site measurement. Before measurement, please mark the location of the decoration standard line used for decoration elevation control to obtain point cloud data of the finished surface of the civil engineering wall; 1-2) creating a point cloud model based on the point cloud data, and exporting the point cloud model as an RCP format file; 1-3) In the RCP format point cloud model, use the point selection tool to find the center of the decoration standard line marked in the point cloud data, and use the average of multiple center elevations as the final position of the decoration standard line; 1-4) Using the wall fitting tool in Revit, complete the fitting of the civil engineering wall based on the RCP format point cloud model, and then connect the fitted walls to form an enclosed space; 1-5) Using the squaring tool in Revit, square the civil wall surface to obtain a reference surface. Compare this reference surface with the RCP point cloud model. For locations with door and window openings, create openings of the same size on the reference surface to obtain a BIM model of the object to be renovated. 2) In Revit software, determine the positioning space for floor and wall finishing materials in the reference plane of the BIM model based on the decoration standard line, and quickly complete the creation and laying of block or sheet material models with the help of modeling auxiliary tools. In the process of laying floor finishing materials, pay attention to leaving expansion joints away from the wall. In the process of laying wall block finishing materials, pay attention to first calculate the design distance between the back of the block material and the civil wall according to the construction structure of the block material, and take this distance into account during the laying process; 3) Material loss calculation and cutting layout output 3-1) Create material codes through coding auxiliary tools to distinguish materials of different materials, models and specifications; 3-2) All scraps in the BIM model of the project are extracted and automatically combined through an algorithm to calculate the loss rate, and the cutting plan with the lowest loss rate is obtained as the optimal solution; 3-3) Outputting a cutting layout diagram of the whole block or sheet material corresponding to the optimal solution with the aid of a drawing auxiliary tool, wherein the code corresponding to each of the scraps is displayed on the diagram.

2. The method for calculating the loss of decoration materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coding rules for the material code in step 3-1) are as follows: the material code is formed based on the material grouping, model, and specification information in the BIM model after step 2), wherein the specification of rectangular materials is defined by their actual size, and for other special-shaped materials, their specifications are defined by serial codes.

3. The method for calculating the loss of decoration materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 3) Material loss calculation and cutting layout drawing output are achieved by forming a plug-in in Revit software.

4. The method for calculating the loss of decoration materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 3-2) uses the following algorithm: Arrange all scraps of the same material and model from large to small according to area, and then fill the scraps into the material model of the whole block or piece to be cut in sequence according to the principle of large area priority until there is no more room. In this way, the cutting layout of the first piece of material to be cut is obtained, and the cutting layout of all scraps is completed according to the above method.

5. The method for calculating the loss of decoration materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of step 1-2) creating a point cloud model based on the point cloud data are as follows: After performing registration and denoising processing on the point cloud data, the point cloud model is obtained.

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