Farmland canal system efficient water conveying method based on integration of ecological revetment and seepage prevention

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural hydraulic engineering, in particular to a farmland canal system efficient water delivery method based on integration of ecological revetment and seepage prevention, which comprises the following steps: (a) laying a composite seepage prevention layer containing humidity response gel and chitin microcapsules on a canal bed base surface; (b) mounting a bio-based polymer runner system with a three-stage branch structure; (c) assembling a plant-growing concrete bank protection module integrated with the photovoltaic panel and the microalgae reaction cavity; (d) deploying a mechanical drainage execution mechanism powered by the water flow turbine; the method has the beneficial effects that the sealing performance of the composite anti-seepage layer is dynamically adjusted through the humidity response material, and the long-term anti-seepage stability is remarkably improved by combining a microcapsule triggering crack self-repairing mechanism; the three-stage branch flow channel system optimizes the water flow path, reduces the turbulent flow energy loss and improves the water delivery efficiency and the irrigation uniformity; the bank protection module integrates microalgae carbon sequestration and photovoltaic energy supply, and synchronously realizes bank slope ecological restoration, carbon sink gain and system energy self-sufficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural water conservancy engineering, and in particular to a high-efficiency water conveyance method for a farmland canal system based on the integration of ecological bank protection and anti-seepage. Background Art

[0002] Traditional farmland irrigation channels generally have problems of simple structure and weak function: conventional anti-seepage materials are easily affected by freeze-thaw cycles and foundation deformation, causing cracks, leading to large-scale water loss; the water supply channel design is extensive, with large water flow resistance and significant energy loss; hardened revetments sever the ecological connection between water and land, inhibiting vegetation growth and biodiversity; structural damage caused by frost heave and salt erosion requires frequent repairs, and lacks intelligent regulation capabilities.

[0003] Therefore, we propose an efficient water delivery method for farmland canals based on the integration of ecological revetment and anti-seepage to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention discloses an efficient water delivery method for farmland canals based on the integration of ecological bank protection and anti-seepage, and the technical solution adopted is as follows:

[0005] (a) Laying a composite anti-seepage layer containing moisture-responsive gel and chitosan microcapsules on the channel bed;

[0006] (b) Installation of a bio-based polymer flow channel system with a three-level branching structure;

[0007] (c) Assembling vegetated concrete revetment modules with integrated photovoltaic panels and microalgae reactors;

[0008] (d) Deployment of mechanical drainage actuators powered by water turbines.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the composite anti-seepage layer comprises from bottom to top:

[0010] Anti-frost heave layer: paraffin wax / expanded graphite phase change material (thickness 3-5cm, phase change temperature 5±1℃);

[0011] Sealing layer: Nano-SiO2 modified clay (thickness 8-10cm, permeability coefficient ≤1×10⁻ 7 cm / s);

[0012] Response layer: sodium acrylate-bentonite composite gel (thickness 5-7 cm, expansion rate ≥15% when humidity >60%).

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, cyclodextrin-coated chitin microcapsules are uniformly dispersed in the response layer, the microcapsules have a particle size of 50-200 μm, a wall thickness of 8-12 μm, and contain a CaCl2 solution with a mass fraction of 10%.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the flow channel system satisfies:

[0015] Main water pipe diameter: Φ50±2mm (wall thickness 4mm);

[0016] First branch pipe: Φ20±1mm, included angle with main pipe 30±2°;

[0017] Second capillary: Φ8±0.5mm, included angle with first pipe 25±2°;

[0018] Material: PLA / rice husk powder composite (mass ratio 7:3).

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the revetment module comprises:

[0020] Surface layer: titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating (thickness 0.2mm, solar reflectivity ≤30%);

[0021] Functional layer: modified zeolite microalgae carrier (specific surface area ≥600m² / g, pore diameter 100-300μm);

[0022] Structural layer: phosphorus tailings aggregate vegetation concrete (mixing ratio: cement 18%+ phosphorus tailings 35%+ humus soil 30%+ rice husk ash 17%).

[0023] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the microalgae carrier immobilized culture Chlorella CY-03 strain, algal liquid optical density OD680≥1.5, annual carbon fixation amount ≥2kg / m².

[0024] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the mechanical drainage actuator comprises:

[0025] Power unit: vertical axis water flow turbine (impeller diameter 100mm, starting flow rate 0.2m / s);

[0026] Transmission mechanism: worm-gear reducer (reduction ratio 1:15);

[0027] Execution unit: shape memory alloy spring valve (Ni-Ti-Cu alloy, phase transition temperature 35±2℃).

[0028] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the valve opening control satisfies: valve opening angle θ = k·ΔH (k=0.28° / mm, ΔH is the change of channel water level).

[0029] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, an interface strengthening structure is additionally provided:

[0030] The surface of the anti-seepage layer is laser-etched with trapezoidal grooves (3mm deep, 5mm wide at the top, and 15mm apart);

[0031] The bottom of the flow channel layer is provided with a tapered tenon (4mm high, 60° taper angle) which is in interference fit with the grooves.

[0032] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the construction process comprises:

[0033] The anti-seepage layer is high-frequency vibration compacted (frequency 80Hz, amplitude 2mm, compactness ≥95%);

[0034] The flow channel system is hot-melt welded (temperature 170±5℃, pressure 0.5MPa);

[0035] The revetment module is assembled with mortise and tenon (tenon size 20×20mm, interference amount 0.1-0.2mm).

[0036] The present application has the following beneficial effects: the composite anti-seepage layer dynamically adjusts the sealing property through the humidity-responsive material, and combines the microcapsule triggered crack self-repairing mechanism to significantly improve the long-term anti-seepage stability; the three-level branched flow channel system optimizes the water flow path, reduces the turbulent energy loss, and improves the water delivery efficiency and irrigation uniformity; the revetment module integrates microalgae carbon fixation and photovoltaic power supply, and simultaneously realizes the slope ecological restoration, carbon sink gain and system energy self-sufficiency; the mechanical actuator based on water flow power dynamically adjusts the water level through the intelligent valve, reducing the need for manual intervention; the ecological material application and the structure integrated design reduce the maintenance frequency and long-term comprehensive cost. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0038] Embodiment one

[0039] The present application discloses a farmland canal system efficient water delivery method based on ecological revetment and anti-seepage integration, which adopts the technical solution comprising the following steps:

[0040] (a) laying a composite anti-seepage layer containing humidity-responsive gel and chitin microcapsules on the base surface of the canal bed;

[0041] (b) installing a biological-based polymer flow channel system with a three-level branched structure;

[0042] (c) assembling a vegetation concrete revetment module integrated with photovoltaic panels and microalgae reaction cavities;

[0043] (d) Deploying a mechanical drainage actuator powered by a water flow turbine.

[0044] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the composite impermeable layer comprises, from bottom to top:

[0045] Anti-frost heaving layer: paraffin / expanded graphite phase change material (thickness 3-5 cm, phase change temperature 5±1℃);

[0046] Sealing layer: nano-SiO2 modified clay (thickness 8-10 cm, permeability coefficient ≤1×10⁻ 7 cm / s);

[0047] Response layer: sodium acrylate-bentonite composite gel (thickness 5-7 cm, swelling rate ≥15% when humidity >60%).

[0048] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the response layer uniformly disperses cyclodextrin-coated chitin microcapsules, with a particle size of 50-200 μm, a wall thickness of 8-12 μm, and an internal CaCl2 solution mass fraction of 10%.

[0049] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the flow channel system satisfies:

[0050] Main water conveying pipe diameter: Φ50±2mm (wall thickness 4mm);

[0051] First branch pipe: Φ20±1mm, with a 30±2° angle to the main pipe;

[0052] Second capillary tube: Φ8±0.5mm, with a 25±2° angle to the first pipe;

[0053] Material: PLA / rice husk powder composite (mass ratio 7:3).

[0054] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the revetment module comprises:

[0055] Surface layer: titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating (thickness 0.2mm, solar reflectivity ≤30%);

[0056] Functional layer: modified zeolite microalgae carrier (specific surface area ≥600m² / g, pore diameter 100-300μm);

[0057] Structural layer: phosphorus tailings aggregate vegetation concrete (mixing ratio: cement 18% + phosphorus tailings 35% + humus soil 30% + rice husk ash 17%).

[0058] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the microalgae carrier immobilizes Chlorella CY-03 strain, with an algal liquid optical density OD680≥1.5 and an annual carbon fixation capacity ≥2kg / m².

[0059] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the mechanical drainage actuator comprises:

[0060] Power unit: vertical axis water flow turbine (impeller diameter 100 mm, starting flow rate 0.2 m / s);

[0061] Transmission mechanism: worm-gear reducer (reduction ratio 1:15);

[0062] Actuator unit: shape memory alloy spring valve (Ni-Ti-Cu alloy, phase transition temperature 35±2℃).

[0063] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the valve opening control satisfies: valve opening angle θ = k·ΔH (k = 0.28° / mm, ΔH is the change of channel water level).

[0064] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, an interface strengthening structure is added:

[0065] Laser etching trapezoidal grooves (3mm deep, 5mm wide at the top, 15mm apart) on the surface of the impermeable layer;

[0066] Tapered tenon (height 4mm, taper angle 60°) is set at the bottom of the flow channel layer, which is interference fit with the groove.

[0067] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the construction process comprises:

[0068] High-frequency vibration compaction of the impermeable layer (frequency 80Hz, amplitude 2mm, compaction degree ≥95%);

[0069] Hot melt welding of the flow channel system (temperature 170±5℃, pressure 0.5MPa);

[0070] Tenon and mortise assembly of the revetment module (tenon size 20×20mm, interference amount 0.1-0.2mm).

[0071] Example Two

[0072] Construction of U-shaped channel in cold region irrigation area

[0073] 1. Construction of impermeable layer

[0074] Base treatment: spray Bacillus pasteurii solution (10 6 CFU / mL) to enhance the foundation

[0075] Layered laying:

[0076] Anti-frost heaving layer = paraffin 75% + expanded graphite 25% (4cm thick) → compaction degree 93%;

[0077] Sealing layer = Clay 90% + Nano-SiO2 5% + CMC 5% (thick 9 cm) → Permeability coefficient 8.7 x 10⁻ 8 cm / s;

[0078] Response layer = Sodium acrylate-bentonite gel (thick 6 cm) + Microcapsules (200 pm, 10% CaCl2).

[0079] Interface reinforcement: Laser etching trapezoidal grooves (depth 3 mm, pitch 15 mm).

[0080] 2. Fractal flow channel installation

[0081] Pipe preparation: PLA / rice husk powder (7:3) extrusion molding;

[0082] Field welding: 170°C hot melt, pressure 0.5 MPa, tenon-groove interference fit; (0.15 mm).

[0083] 3. Revetment module assembly

[0084] Prefabricated module:

[0085] Structural layer: Cement 18% + Phosphorus tailings 35% + Humus 30% + Rice husk ash 17% → Steam curing (75°C x 12 h);

[0086] Functional layer: Modified zeolite carrier (specific surface area 620 m² / g) loaded with Chlorella CY-03 (OD680=1.6);

[0087] Surface layer: Sprayed TiO2 photocatalytic coating (thick 0.2 mm).

[0088] Tenon-mortise assembly: 20 x 20 mm tenon, interference 0.15 mm.

[0089] 4. Regulation system debugging

[0090] Turbine set: Impeller Φ100 mm, start-up flow rate 0.18 m / s;

[0091] SMA valve: Ni-Ti-Cu alloy, phase transition temperature 34.5°C.

[0092] Example 2: Ladder-shaped channel in saline-alkali soil

[0093] Differentiated scheme:

[0094] Impermeable layer: Add silane coupling agent 2% (anti-salt corrosion);

[0095] Microalgae strain: Replace with Spirulina SP-25 (salt tolerance 3‰);

[0096] Flow channel parameters: pipe diameter increased by 15%, branch angle adjusted to 22°.

[0097] Experimental data verification

[0098] 1. Anti-seepage performance test (GB / T 50123)

[0099] Working condition Leakage rate Self-repairing effect Normal temperature water passing (30 days) 3.2% - Freeze-thaw cycle (-20℃ / 50 times) 3.8% Crack density 0.3 cracks / m 0.5mm artificial crack 4.1% 2h closed to 0.1mm

[0100] 2. Hydraulic performance test (ISO 4366)

[0101] Flow rate Traditional channel resistance coefficient Fractal flow channel of the invention Resistance reduction effect 0.5m / s 0.025 0.016 36% 1.2m / s 0.031 0.020 35.5% 2.0m / s 0.042 0.026 38.1%

[0102] 3. Ecological economic analysis

[0103] Index Traditional channel Invention Annual carbon fixation amount 0 52 kg CO2 / m Vegetation coverage (1 year) 45% 92% Construction cost 320 yuan / m 390 yuan / m 10-year comprehensive cost 950 yuan / m 580 yuan / m

[0104] Note: Carbon sink income is included at 80 yuan / ton CO2 (annual income 4.16 yuan / m)

[0105] 4. Extreme working condition verification

[0106] Test item Standard requirement Invention Advancement -30℃ frost heaving deformation ≤5mm 0.8mm Increased by 84% 3.0m / s scouring (500h) Displacement ≤5mm Displacement 0.5mm Impact resistance increased by 10 times Salt corrosion (3‰ Cl⁻) Service life ≥5 years Service life ≥12 years Durability increased by +140%

[0107] Components not described in detail in this paper are prior art.

[0108] Although the specific embodiments of the present application have been described in detail above, the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present application, and modifications or transformations without creative labor are still within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency water delivery method for farmland canal systems based on the integration of ecological revetment and seepage prevention, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: (a) laying a composite anti-seepage layer containing humidity-responsive gel and chitin microcapsules on the base surface of the channel bed; (b) installing a biological-based polymer flow channel system with a three-level branching structure; (c) assembling a vegetation concrete revetment module integrating photovoltaic panels and microalgae reaction cavities; (d) deploying a mechanical drainage actuator powered by a water flow turbine.

2. The farmland canal system efficient water delivery method based on the integration of ecological revetment and seepage prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite anti-seepage layer comprises, from bottom to top: Anti-frost heaving layer: paraffin / expanding graphite phase change material (thickness 3-5 cm, phase change temperature 5±1℃); Sealing layer: nano-SiO2 modified clay (thickness 8-10 cm, permeability coefficient ≤1 x 10⁻ 7 cm / s); Response layer: sodium acrylate-bentonite composite gel (thickness 5-7 cm, expansion rate ≥15% when humidity >60%); 3. The farmland canal system efficient water delivery method based on the integration of ecological revetment and seepage prevention according to claim 2, characterized in that, The response layer uniformly disperses cyclodextrin-coated chitin microcapsules, with a particle size of 50-200 μm, a wall thickness of 8-12 μm, and an internal CaCl2 solution mass fraction of 10%.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The flow channel system satisfies: Main water conveying pipe diameter: Φ50±2mm (wall thickness 4mm); First-level branch pipe: Φ20±1mm, with an angle of 30±2° to the main pipe; Second-level capillary tube: Φ8±0.5mm, with an angle of 25±2° to the first-level pipe; Material: PLA / rice husk powder composite material (mass ratio 7:3).

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The revetment module comprises: Surface layer: titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating (thickness 0.2mm, solar reflectivity ≤30%); Functional layer: modified zeolite microalgae carrier (specific surface area ≥600m² / g, pore diameter 100-300μm); Structural layer: phosphorus tailings aggregate vegetation concrete (mixing ratio: cement 18% + phosphorus tailings 35% + humus soil 30% + rice husk ash 17%).

6. The farmland canal system efficient water delivery method based on the integration of ecological revetment and seepage prevention according to claim 5, characterized in that, The microalgae carrier immobilizes Chlorella CY-03 strain, with an algal liquid optical density OD680≥1.5 and an annual carbon fixation capacity ≥2kg / m².

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The mechanical drainage actuator comprises: Power unit: vertical-axis water flow turbine (impeller diameter 100mm, starting flow rate 0.2m / s); Transmission mechanism: worm-gear reducer (reduction ratio 1:15); Actuator unit: shape memory alloy spring valve (Ni-Ti-Cu alloy, phase transition temperature 35±2℃). 8.The farmland canal system efficient water delivery method based on the integration of ecological revetment and seepage prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that, Valve opening control satisfies: valve opening angle θ = k·ΔH (k=0.28° / mm, ΔH is the change in channel water level). 9.The farmland canal system efficient water delivery method based on the integration of ecological revetment and seepage prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that, Interface reinforcement structure is added: Anti-seepage layer surface laser etching trapezoidal grooves (depth 3mm, upper opening width 5mm, spacing 15mm); Flow channel layer bottom is provided with a tapered tenon (height 4mm, taper angle 60°) that fits into the grooves. 10.The farmland canal system efficient water delivery method based on the integration of ecological revetment and seepage prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction process comprises: High-frequency vibration compaction of the anti-seepage layer (frequency 80Hz, amplitude 2mm, compaction degree ≥95%); Hot melt welding of the flow channel system (temperature 170±5℃, pressure 0.5MPa); Mortise-and-tenon assembly of the revetment module (tenon size 20×20mm, interference amount 0.1-0.2mm).