Light emitting device and electronic apparatus

Abstract

Provided are a light-emitting device and an electronic apparatus, the light-emitting device including a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an electron transport region disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode, the electron transport region includes a compound X represented by the following formula X and a compound Y represented by the following formula Y. [Formula X] [Formula Y]

Description

[0001] Cross Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0054787, filed on April 24, 2024, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present disclosure relates to a light-emitting device and an electronic device including the same. BACKGROUND

[0004] Electronic devices include display devices that display images. For organic electroluminescent display devices, which are image display devices, development is continuously ongoing. Unlike liquid crystal display devices, organic electroluminescent display devices are so-called self-emissive display devices in which holes and electrons injected from a first electrode and a second electrode, respectively, recombine in an emission layer such that light-emitting materials containing organic compounds in the emission layer emit light to achieve display.

[0005] In applying light-emitting devices to display devices, there is a continuous need for improvement in low driving voltage, high luminous efficiency, and long lifespan. Therefore, there is a need for continuous development of materials for light-emitting devices that can stably achieve such characteristics.

[0006] To realize light-emitting devices with high efficiency, technologies involving phosphorescent emission using triplet energy, or technologies involving fluorescent emission using triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) in which singlet excitons are generated by collision of triplet excitons, are being developed. Research and development are currently directed to materials for thermal activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) using a delayed fluorescence phenomenon.

[0007] It should be appreciated that the Background section is intended to provide a context for the technology disclosed herein. As such, the Background section can include ideas, concepts or recognitions not yet known to a person of ordinary skill in the art at the corresponding effective filing date of the subject disclosure. SUMMARY

[0008] The present disclosure provides a light-emitting device having improved luminous efficiency and element lifespan.

[0009] The present disclosure also provides an electronic device including a light-emitting device having improved luminous efficiency and lifespan, thereby having excellent display quality.

[0010] According to an embodiment, a display device can include a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an electron transport region disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode, wherein the electron transport region can include a compound X represented by Formula X and a compound Y represented by Formula Y:

[0011] [Formula X]

[0012]

[0013] In Formula X, L1may be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms; Ar1may be a group represented by Formula X-a; R1to R4may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms; n1may be an integer of 0 to 3; n2to n4may each independently be an integer of 0 to 4; m1may be an integer of 1 to 4; and the sum of n1and m1may be an integer of 1 to 4.

[0014] [Formula X-a]

[0015]

[0016] In Formula X-a, X1to X5may each independently be C(R x ) or N; provided that at least two of X1to X5may each be N; R x may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms; and represents a bond to Formula X.

[0017] [Formula Y]

[0018]

[0019] In Formula Y, L 10 may be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms; Ar 10 may be a group represented by Formula Y-a; R 10may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms; n10may be an integer of 0 to 3; m10may be an integer of 2 to 5; and the sum of n10and m10may be an integer of 2 to 5.

[0020] [Formula Y-a]

[0021]

[0022] In Formula Y-a, Y1to Y5may each independently be C(R y ) or N; provided that at least two of Y1to Y5may each be N; R y may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms; and represents a bond to Formula Y.

[0023] In an embodiment, the compound represented by X can be represented by one of Formula X-1 to Formula X-4:

[0024] [Formula X-1]

[0025]

[0026] [Formula X-2]

[0027]

[0028] [Formula X-3]

[0029]

[0030] [Formula X-4]

[0031]

[0032] In Formula X-1 to Formula X-4, n11may be an integer of 0 to 3; and Ar1, R1to R4, L1, and n2to n4are the same as defined in Formula X.

[0033] In an embodiment, the emission layer can include a first host compound represented by Formula E-1; and a difference between a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the first host compound and a LUMO energy level of compound X can be less than about 0.1 eV:

[0034] [Formula E-1]

[0035]

[0036] In formula E-1, R 31 to R 40 Each of them may be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring; and c and d may each independently be an integer from 0 to 5.

[0037] In an embodiment, the emission layer may further include a second host compound independently represented by Formula E-1; and the first host compound and the second host compound may be different.

[0038] In an embodiment, at least one of the first host compound and the second host compound may include a deuterium atom.

[0039] In an embodiment, the emission layer may include a first dopant compound that emits blue light; and the first dopant compound may include boron atoms.

[0040] In an embodiment, the first dopant compound may be represented by Formula Fc or Formula Fd:

[0041] [Formula Fc]

[0042]

[0043] In Formula Fc, A1 and A2 can each independently be O, S, Se or N(R m );R m It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring; and R1 to R 11may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxygen group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfur group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0044] [Formula F-d]

[0045]

[0046] In Formula F-d, A1and A2may each independently be O, S, Se, or N(R m )may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms; and R m may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxygen group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfur group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. 11 may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxygen group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfur group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0047] In an embodiment, in Formula X-a, R x may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0048] In an embodiment, in Formula X-a, R x may be a group represented by one of Formulae x-a1 to x-a18:

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] In Formulae x-a1 to x-a18, *- indicates a bond to Formula X-a.

[0052] In an embodiment, the compound X can be selected from the group of compounds 1-1:

[0053] [Group of Compounds 1-1]

[0054]

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] In embodiments, in Formula Y, R 10 may be a hydrogen atom.

[0058] In embodiments, in Formula Y, L 10 may be an unsubstituted phenylene group.

[0059] In embodiments, in Formula Y-a, Y1, Y3, and Y5may each be N; and Y2and Y4may each independently be C(R y ).

[0060] In embodiments, in Formula Y-a, R y may be an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0061] In embodiments, the compound Y can be selected from the group of compounds 1-2:

[0062] [Group of compounds 1-2]

[0063]

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] In embodiments, the light-emitting device can further include a hole-transport region provided between the emission layer and the first electrode.

[0067] In embodiments, the electron-transport region can include a buffer layer provided on the emission layer, an electron-transport layer provided between the buffer layer and the second electrode, and an electron-injection layer provided between the electron-transport layer and the second electrode; the buffer layer can include the compound X; and the electron-transport layer can include the compound Y.

[0068] According to embodiments, an electronic device can include a circuit layer provided on a base layer, and a display element layer provided on the circuit layer and including a light-emitting device, in which,

[0069] The light-emitting device can include a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; a bottom light-emitting structure including a first bottom functional layer, a first emission layer, and a first top functional layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode in this order; a top light-emitting structure including a second bottom functional layer, a second emission layer, and a second top functional layer disposed on the bottom light-emitting structure in this order; and a charge generation layer disposed between the bottom light-emitting structure and the top light-emitting structure and including an n-type charge generation layer and a p-type charge generation layer; and at least one of the first top functional layer and the second top functional layer can include a compound X represented by Formula X and a compound Y represented by Formula Y.

[0070] [Formula X]

[0071]

[0072] In Formula X, L1may be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms; Ar1may be a group represented by Formula X-a; R1to R4may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms; n1may be an integer of 0 to 3; n2to n4may each independently be an integer of 0 to 4; m1may be an integer of 1 to 4; and the sum of n1and m1may be an integer of 1 to 4.

[0073] [Formula X-a]

[0074]

[0075] In Formula X-a, X1to X5may each independently be C(R x ) or N; provided that at least two of X1to X5may each be N; R x may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms; and represents a bond to Formula X.

[0076] [Formula Y]

[0077]

[0078] In Formula Y, L 10may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms; Ar 10 may be a group represented by formula Y-a; R 10 may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms; n10may be an integer of 0 to 3; m10may be an integer of 2 to 5; and the sum of n10and m10may be an integer of 2 to 5.

[0079] [Formula Y-a]

[0080]

[0081] In formula Y-a, Y1to Y5may each independently be C(R y ) or N; provided that at least two of Y1to Y5may each be N; R y may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms; and represents a bond to formula Y.

[0082] In an embodiment, at least one of the first emission layer and the second emission layer can include a first dopant compound that emits blue light; and the first dopant compound can include a boron atom.

[0083] In an embodiment, at least one of the first emission layer and the second emission layer can each independently include a host compound represented by formula E-1; and a difference between a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the host compound and a LUMO energy level of compound X can be less than about 0.1 eV:

[0084] [Formula E-1]

[0085]

[0086] In formula E-1, R 31 to R 40each independently can be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfonyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring; and c and d each independently can be an integer of 0 to 5.

[0087] It should be understood that the above embodiments are described in general and illustrative terms, and not for purposes of limitation, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0088] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure. The above and other aspects and features of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0089] Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of a display device according to an embodiment;

[0090] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device according to an embodiment;

[0091] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting device according to an embodiment;

[0092] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting device according to an embodiment;

[0093] Figures 5A to 5C each is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting device according to an embodiment;

[0094] Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting device according to an embodiment;

[0095] Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device according to an embodiment;

[0096] Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device according to an embodiment;

[0097] Figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device according to an embodiment;

[0098] Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device according to an embodiment;

[0099] Figure 11 is a schematic view of an interior of a vehicle in which a display device according to an embodiment is provided;

[0100] Figure 12 is a perspective view showing an electronic device according to an embodiment;

[0101] Figure 13 is an exploded perspective view showing an electronic device according to an embodiment;

[0102] Figure 14 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment;

[0103] Figure 15 is a diagram showing an electronic device according to various embodiments; and

[0104] Figure 16 is a diagram showing an electronic device according to various embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0105] The present disclosure will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments are shown. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in different forms, and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth in this disclosure. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0106] In the drawings, the size, thickness, proportions, and dimensions of elements can be exaggerated for the sake of convenience and clarity. The same reference numbers and reference letters always refer to the same elements.

[0107] In the specification, it will be understood that when an element (or region, layer, part, etc.) is referred to as being "on" another element, "connected to" or "coupled to" another element, it can be directly on the other element, directly connected to or coupled to the other element, or one or more intervening elements can be present. In a similar sense, when an element (or region, layer, part, etc.) is described as "covering" another element, it can directly cover the other element, or one or more intervening elements can be present between the element and the other element.

[0108] In the specification, when an element is "directly on" another element, "directly connected to" or "directly coupled to" another element, there are no intervening elements. For example, "directly on" can mean that two layers or two elements are disposed without additional elements such as an adhesive element between them.

[0109] As used herein, expressions such as "a," "an," and "the" used in singular form are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0110] As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. For example, "A and / or B" can be understood to mean "A, B, or A and B." The terms "and" and "or" can be used in the conjunctive or disjunctive sense and can be understood to mean "and / or."

[0111] In the description and claims, the term "at least one of" is intended to include the meaning of "at least one of the items in the group of items on the list of items" for the purpose of interpreting the inclusivity of the term. For example, "at least one of A, B, and C" can be understood to mean only A, only B, only C, or any combination of two or more of A, B, and C, such as ABC, AC, BC, or AB. When the term "at least one of" is followed by a list of elements, the phrase is intended to modify the entire list of elements, not individual elements of the list.

[0112] It will be understood that, although the terms "first," "second," etc. can be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. Thus, a first element could be termed a second element without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure. Similarly, a second element could be termed a first element without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0113] For ease of description, spatial relative terms "below," "under," "lower," "above," "upper," and the like can be used herein to describe the relationship between one element or component and another element or component as shown in the figures. It will be understood that the spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation, in addition to the orientations depicted in the figures. For example, in the case where the device is turned over, the device that is "below" or "under" another device can be "above" the other device. Accordingly, the exemplary term "below" can include both a lower position and an upper position. The device can also be oriented in other directions, and accordingly the spatial relative terms can be interpreted differently depending on the orientation.

[0114] Considering the measurements at issue and the errors associated with the measurement of the recited quantities (i.e., limitations of the measurement system), the term “about” or “approximately,” as used in this document, includes the recited value and means within an acceptable range of deviation as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art. For example, “about” can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±20%, ±10%, or ±5% of the recited value.

[0115] It should be understood that the terms “comprises / comprising,” “includes / including,” “has / having,” and “contains / containing,” etc., are intended to mean that there are at least the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations, but not excluding the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations.

[0116] Unless otherwise defined or implied in this document, all terms used (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined in the specification.

[0117] In the specification, the term “substituted or unsubstituted” can describe a group substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amine group, a silyl group, an oxyl group, a sulfenyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a carbonyl group, a boron group, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphine sulfide group, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a hydrocarbyl group, an aryl group, and a heterocyclic group. Each of the above-listed substituents can be substituted or unsubstituted by itself. For example, a biphenyl group can be interpreted as an aryl group, or it can be interpreted as a phenyl group substituted with a phenyl group.

[0118] In the specification, the term “bonded with adjacent groups to form a ring” can refer to a group bonded with adjacent groups to form a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring. The hydrocarbon ring can be aliphatic or aromatic. The heterocyclic ring can be aliphatic or aromatic. The hydrocarbon ring and the heterocyclic ring can each independently be monocyclic or polycyclic. The ring formed by the adjacent groups bonded to each other can itself be connected to another ring to form a spiro structure.

[0119] In the specification, the term "adjacent groups" can be interpreted as substituents that substitute atoms directly connected to an atom substituted with a corresponding substituent, as substituents that substitute another substituent of an atom substituted with a corresponding substituent, or as substituents that are spatially located closest to a corresponding substituent. For example, the two methyl groups in 1,2-dimethylbenzene can be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other, and the two ethyl groups in 1,1-diethylcyclopentane can be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other. For example, the two methyl groups in 4,5-dimethylphenanthrene can be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other.

[0120] In the specification, examples of a halogen atom can include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.

[0121] In the specification, an alkyl group can be linear or branched. The number of carbon atoms in an alkyl group can be 1 to 50, 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 6. Examples of an alkyl group can include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a t-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a 2-ethylbutyl group, a 3,3-dimethylbutyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a neopentyl group, a t-pentyl group, a 1-methylpentyl group, a 3-methylpentyl group, a 2-ethylpentyl group, a 4-methyl-2-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, a 1-methylhexyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group, a 2-butylhexyl group, an n-heptyl group, a 1-methylheptyl group, a 2,2-dimethylheptyl group, a 2-ethylheptyl group, a 2-butylheptyl group, an n-octyl group, a t-octyl group, a 2-ethyloctyl group, a 2-butyl-octyl group, a 2-hexyloctyl group, a 3,7-dimethyloctyl group, an n-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an adamantyl group, a 2-ethyldecyl group, a 2-butyldecyl group, a 2-hexyldecyl group, a 2-octyldecyl group, an n-undecyl group, an n-dodecyl group, a 2-ethyldodecyl group, a 2-butyl-dodecyl group, a 2-hexyl-dodecyl group, a 2-octyl-dodecyl group, an n-tridecyl group, an n-tetradecyl group, an n-pentadecyl group, an n-hexadecyl group, a 2-ethylhexadecyl group, a 2-butylhexadecyl group, a 2-hexylhexadecyl group, a 2-octylhexadecyl group, an n-heptadecyl group, an n-octadecyl group, an n-nonadecyl group, an n-eicosyl group, a 2-ethyleicosyl group, a 2-butyleicosyl group, a 2-hexyleicosyl group, a 2-octyleicosyl group, an n-heneicosyl group, an n-docosyl group, an n-tricosyl group, an n-tetracosyl group, an n-pentacosyl group, an n-hexacosyl group, an n-heptacosyl group, an n-octacosyl group, an n-nonacosyl group, an n-triacontyl group, and the like, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0122] In the specification, the cycloalkyl group may be a cyclic alkyl group. The number of carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl group may be 3 to 50, 3 to 30, 3 to 20, or 3 to 10. Examples of cycloalkyl groups may include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, norbornyl, 1-adamantyl, 2-adamantyl, isobornyl, bicycloheptyl, etc., but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0123] In the specification, an alkenyl group may be a hydrocarbon group including at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms. An alkenyl group may be linear or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkenyl group is not particularly limited and may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of alkenyl groups may include vinyl, 1-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, styryl, styrylvinyl, etc., but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0124] In the specification, an alkynyl group may be a hydrocarbon group including at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms. An alkynyl group may be straight-chain or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkynyl group is not particularly limited and may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of alkynyl groups may include ethynyl, propynyl, etc., but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0125] In the specification, the hydrocarbon ring group may be any functional group or substituent derived from an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring. For example, the hydrocarbon ring group may be a saturated hydrocarbon ring group having 5 to 20 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0126] In the specification, aryl can be any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. The aryl can be monocyclic or polycyclic. The number of ring carbon atoms in the aryl can be 6 to 60, 6 to 50, 6 to 40, 6 to 30, 6 to 20 or 6 to 15. Examples of aryl can include phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, pentyl, hexyl, triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, benzofluoranthenyl, However, the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0127] In the specification, the fluorenyl group may be substituted, and two substituents may be bonded to each other to form a spirocyclic structure. Examples of substituted fluorenyl groups may include the groups shown below. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0128]

[0129] In the specification, a heterocyclic group can be any functional group or substituent derived from a ring including at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S, and Se as a heteroatom. The heterocyclic group can be aliphatic or aromatic. The aromatic heterocyclic group can be a heteroaryl group. The aliphatic heterocyclic group and the aromatic heterocyclic group can each independently be monocyclic or polycyclic.

[0130] If the heterocyclic group includes two or more heteroatoms, the two or more heteroatoms can be the same as or different from each other. The number of ring-forming carbon atoms in the heterocyclic group can be 2 to 60, 2 to 50, 2 to 40, 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10.

[0131] Examples of the aliphatic heterocyclic group can include an oxiranyl group, a thiiranyl group, a pyrrolidinyl group, a piperidinyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyl group, a tetrahydrothiophenyl group, a thiolanyl group, a tetrahydropyranyl group, a 1,4-dioxanyl group, and the like, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0132] Examples of the heteroaryl group can include a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyridyl group, a bipyridyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a triazolyl group, an acridinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a phenoxazinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a pyridopyrimidinyl group, a pyridopyrazinyl group, a pyrazinopyrazinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, an indolyl group, a carbazolyl group, an N-arylcarbazolyl group, an N-heteroarylcarbazolyl group, an N-alkylcarbazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a thienothiophenyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, a phenothiazinyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and the like, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0133] In the specification, the above description of aryl groups can apply to arylene groups, except that arylene groups are divalent groups. In the specification, the above description of heteroaryl groups can apply to heteroarylene groups, except that heteroarylene groups are divalent groups.

[0134] In the specification, a silyl group can be an alkylsilyl group or an arylsilyl group. Examples of the silyl group can include a trimethylsilyl group, a triethylsilyl group, a t-butyldimethylsilyl group, a vinyl dimethylsilyl group, a propyldimethylsilyl group, a triphenylsilyl group, a diphenylsilyl group, a phenylsilyl group, and the like, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0135] In the specification, the number of carbon atoms in an acyl group (or carbonyl group) is not particularly limited and can be 1 to 40, 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. Examples of the acyl group can include acetyl, ethylcarbonyl, isopropylcarbonyl, naphthylidene carbonyl, cyclopentylcarbonyl, cyclohexylcarbonyl, phenylcarbonyl, and the like, but embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, the acyl group can have one of the following structures, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0136]

[0137] In the specification, the number of carbon atoms in a sulfinyl group or a sulfonyl group is not particularly limited and can be 1 to 30. The sulfinyl group can be an alkylsulfinyl group or an arylsulfinyl group. The sulfonyl group can be an alkylsulfonyl group or an arylsulfonyl group.

[0138] In the specification, the sulfenyl group can be an alkylsulfenyl group or an arylsulfenyl group. The sulfenyl group can be a sulfur atom bonded to an alkyl group or an aryl group as defined above. Examples of the sulfenyl group can include methylsulfenyl, ethylsulfenyl, propylsulfenyl, pentylsulfenyl, hexylsulfenyl, octylsulfenyl, dodecylsulfenyl, cyclopentylsulfenyl, cyclohexylsulfenyl, phenylsulfenyl, naphthylsulfenyl, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0139] In the specification, the oxy group can be an oxygen atom bonded to an alkyl group or an aryl group as defined above. The oxy group can be an alkoxy group or an aryloxy group. The alkoxy group can be linear, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkoxy group is not particularly limited and can be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. Examples of the oxy group can include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexyloxy, octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, benzyloxy, and the like, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0140] In the specification, the boryl group can be a boron atom bonded to an alkyl group or an aryl group as defined above. The boryl group can be an alkylboryl group or an arylboryl group. Examples of the boryl group can include dimethylboryl, tert-butylmethylboryl, diphenylboryl, phenylboryl, and the like, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0141] In the specification, the number of carbon atoms in an amine group is not particularly limited and can be 1 to 30. The amine group can be an alkylamine group or an arylamine group. Examples of the amine group can include methylamine group, dimethylamine group, phenylamine group, diphenylamine group, naphthylamine group, 9-methyl-anthracenamine group, and the like, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0142] In the specification, the alkyl within an alkylthio group, an alkylsulfoxy group, an alkylaryl group, an alkylamino group, an alkylboryl group, an alkylsilyl group, or an alkylamine group can be the same as the examples of the alkyl group described above.

[0143] In the specification, the aryl group within an aryloxy group, arylthio group, arylthioxy group, arylamino group, arylboron group, arylsilyl group, or arylamine group can be the same as the examples of the aryl group described above.

[0144] In the specification, a direct bond can be a single bond.

[0145] In the specification, the symbols and -* each represent a bond to an adjacent atom in the corresponding formula or moiety.

[0146] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0147] Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of a display device DD according to an embodiment. Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the display device DD according to an embodiment. Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of the display device DD taken along a virtual line I-I' in Figure 1

[0148] The display device DD can include a display panel DP and an optical layer PP disposed on the display panel DP. The display panel DP includes light emitting devices ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The display device DD can include a plurality of light emitting devices ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The optical layer PP can be disposed on the display panel DP to control light that is reflected at the display panel DP from external light. The optical layer PP can include, for example, a polarizing layer or a color filter layer. Although not shown in the drawings, in an embodiment, the optical layer PP can be omitted from the display device DD.

[0149] A bulk substrate BL can be disposed on the optical layer PP. The bulk substrate BL can provide a bulk surface on which the optical layer PP is disposed. The bulk substrate BL can be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, a plastic substrate, or the like. However, embodiments are not limited thereto, and the bulk substrate BL can include an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. Although not shown in the drawings, in an embodiment, the bulk substrate BL can be omitted.

[0150] The display device DD according to an embodiment can further include a filler layer (not shown). The filler layer (not shown) can be disposed between the display device layer DP-ED and the bulk substrate BL. The filler layer (not shown) can be an organic material layer. The filler layer (not shown) can include at least one of an acrylic resin, a siloxane resin, and an epoxy resin.

[0151] ​The display panel DP can include a base layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL provided on the base layer BS, and a display device layer DP-ED. The display device layer DP-ED can include a pixel definition layer PDL, light emitting devices ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 disposed between portions of the pixel definition layer PDL, and a encapsulation layer TFE disposed on the light emitting devices ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3.

[0152] The base layer BS can provide a base surface on which the display device layer DP-ED is disposed. The base layer BS can be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, a plastic substrate, or the like. However, embodiments are not limited thereto, and the base layer BS can include an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer.

[0153] In embodiments, the circuit layer DP-CL is disposed on the base layer BS, and the circuit layer DP-CL can include transistors (not shown). The transistors (not shown) can each include a control electrode, an input electrode, and an output electrode. For example, the circuit layer DP-CL can include switching transistors and driving transistors for driving the light emitting devices ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 of the display device layer DP-ED.

[0154] The light emitting devices ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 can each have a structure of the light emitting device ED according to embodiments of any one of the diagrams in FIGS. 1A to 1C, which will be described later. The light emitting devices ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 can each include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a respective one of emission layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2. Figures 3 to 6

[0155] Figure 2 Embodiments are shown in which the emission layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of the light emitting devices ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 are disposed in the openings OH defined in the pixel definition layer PDL and the hole transport region HTR, the electron transport region ETR, and the second electrode EL2 are each provided as a common layer for the light emitting devices ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. However, embodiments are not limited thereto. Although not shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C, in embodiments, the hole transport region HTR and the electron transport region ETR can each be disposed by being patterned in the openings OH defined in the pixel definition layer PDL. For example, in embodiments, the hole transport region HTR, the emission layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B, and the electron transport region ETR of the light emitting devices ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 can be provided by being patterned via an inkjet printing method. Figure 2

[0156] ​​The encapsulation layer TFE can cover the light emitting devices ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The encapsulation layer TFE can seal the display device layer DP-ED. The encapsulation layer TFE can be a thin film encapsulation layer. The encapsulation layer TFE can be formed of a single layer or a plurality of layers. The encapsulation layer TFE can include at least one insulating layer. The encapsulation layer TFE according to an embodiment can include at least one inorganic film (hereinafter, encapsulation-inorganic film). The encapsulation layer TFE according to an embodiment can further include at least one organic film (hereinafter, encapsulation-organic film) and at least one encapsulation-inorganic film.

[0157] The encapsulation-inorganic film protects the display device layer DP-ED from moisture and / or oxygen, and the encapsulation-organic film protects the display device layer DP-ED from foreign substances such as dust particles. The encapsulation-inorganic film can include silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, or aluminum oxide, or the like, but embodiments are not limited thereto. The encapsulation-organic film can include an acrylic compound or an epoxy compound, or the like. The encapsulation-organic film can include a photopolymerizable organic material, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0158] The encapsulation layer TFE can be disposed on the second electrode EL2 and can be disposed to fill the opening OH.

[0159] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the display device DD can include a non-light emitting area NPXA and light emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. The light emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can be areas that emit light generated by the light emitting devices ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3, respectively. The light emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can be spaced apart from each other in a plan view.

[0160] The light emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can be areas separated from each other by the pixel definition film PDL. The non-light emitting area NPXA can be an area between the adjacent light emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, and it can correspond to the pixel definition film PDL. In an embodiment, the light emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can each correspond to a pixel. The pixel definition film PDL can separate the light emitting devices ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The emission layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of the light emitting devices ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 can be disposed in the openings OH defined in the pixel definition film PDL and separated from each other.

[0161] The light emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can be arranged in groups according to the colors of light generated from the light emitting devices ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. In accordance with Figure 1 andFigure 2 In the display device DD of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, three light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B that respectively emit red light, green light, and blue light are shown as examples. The display device DD can include red light emitting regions PXA-R, green light emitting regions PXA-G, and blue light emitting regions PXA-B that are different from each other, for example.

[0162] In the display device DD according to the embodiment, the light emitting devices ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 can emit light having wavelengths different from each other. In the embodiment, for example, the display device DD can include a first light emitting device ED-1 that emits red light, a second light emitting device ED-2 that emits green light, and a third light emitting device ED-3 that emits blue light. The red light emitting regions PXA-R, the green light emitting regions PXA-G, and the blue light emitting regions PXA-B of the display device DD can correspond to the first light emitting device ED-1, the second light emitting device ED-2, and the third light emitting device ED-3, respectively, for example.

[0163] However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the first light emitting device ED-1, the second light emitting device ED-2, and the third light emitting device ED-3 can emit light in the same wavelength range, or at least one light emitting device can emit light in a wavelength range different from the wavelength range of light emitted by the remaining light emitting devices. The first light emitting device ED-1, the second light emitting device ED-2, and the third light emitting device ED-3 can each emit blue light, for example.

[0164] The light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B in the display device DD according to the embodiment can be arranged in a stripe configuration. Referring to FIG. 2, the red light emitting regions PXA-R, the green light emitting regions PXA-G, and the blue light emitting regions PXA-B can be arranged along the second direction axis DR2, respectively. In another embodiment, the red light emitting regions PXA-R, the green light emitting regions PXA-G, and the blue light emitting regions PXA-B can be arranged in this repeating order along the first direction axis DR1. Figure 1

[0165] Figure 1 Figure 2 It is shown that the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B all have similar areas, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. In the embodiment, the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can be different in size or shape from each other according to the wavelength range of the emitted light. The areas of the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can be areas defined in a plan view by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2. A third direction axis DR3 can be perpendicular to the plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2.

[0166] ​​The arrangement of the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B is not limited to Figure 1 , and the order in which the red light emitting regions PXA-R, the green light emitting regions PXA-G, and the blue light emitting regions PXA-B are arranged may be provided in various combinations according to the display quality characteristics required of the display device DD. For example, the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be arranged in a five-tile configuration (such as ) or in a diamond configuration (such as Diamond ) arrangement.

[0167] The areas of the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be different in size from each other. For example, in an embodiment, the area of ​​the green light emitting region PXA-G may be smaller than the area of ​​the blue light emitting region PXA-B, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0168] In the following, Figures 3 to 6 Each is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting device ED according to an embodiment. The light-emitting device ED according to the embodiment may include a first electrode EL1, a second electrode EL2 facing the first electrode EL1, and at least one functional layer disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. The light-emitting device ED may include a compound X according to an embodiment and a compound Y according to an embodiment, which will be described later, in the at least one functional layer.

[0169] The light emitting device ED may include a stacked hole transport region HTR, an emission layer EML, and an electron transport region ETR as at least one functional layer. Figure 3 , the light emitting device ED according to the embodiment may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, an emission layer EML, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked in the following order.

[0170] and Figure 3 compared to, Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light emitting device ED, in which the hole transport region HTR includes a hole injection layer HIL and a hole transport layer HTL, and the electron transport region ETR includes an electron injection layer EIL and an electron transport layer ETL.

[0171] and Figure 3 compared to, Figure 5A Schematic cross-sectional view of a light emitting device ED, wherein the hole transport region HTR includes a hole injection layer HIL, a hole transport layer HTL, and an electron blocking layer EBL, and the electron transport region ETR includes an electron injection layer EIL, an electron transport layer ETL, and a hole blocking layer HBL. Figure 5A compared to, Figure 5Bis a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting device ED in which an electron transport region ETR includes a buffer layer EBF instead of a hole blocking layer HBL. Compared with Figure 5B , Figure 5C is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting device ED including a plurality of light-emitting structures. Compared with Figure 4 , Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting device ED further including a capping layer CPL disposed on a second electrode EL2.

[0172] The light-emitting device ED according to an embodiment can include a compound X according to an embodiment and a compound Y according to an embodiment, which will be described later, in at least one functional layer included in the light-emitting device ED. In the light-emitting device ED, the compound X and the compound Y can each be included in an electron transport region ETR.

[0173] As Figure 5C indicated in FIG. 1A, the light-emitting device ED can include a bottom light-emitting structure OLI disposed on a first electrode EL1, a top light-emitting structure OL2 disposed on the bottom light-emitting structure OLI, and a charge generation layer CGL1 disposed between the bottom light-emitting structure OLI and the top light-emitting structure OL2. The bottom light-emitting structure OLI can include a first bottom functional layer HTR1 disposed on the first electrode EL1, a first top functional layer ETR1 disposed on the first bottom functional layer HTR1, and a first emission layer EML1 disposed between the first bottom functional layer HTR1 and the first top functional layer ETR1. The top light-emitting structure OL2 can include a second bottom functional layer HTR2 disposed on the bottom light-emitting structure OLI, a second top functional layer ETR2 disposed on the second bottom functional layer HTR2, and a second emission layer EML2 disposed between the second bottom functional layer HTR2 and the second top functional layer ETR2.

[0174] The first electrode EL1 has an electric conductivity. The first electrode EL1 can be formed of a metal material, a metal alloy, or an electrically conductive compound. The first electrode EL1 can be an anode or a cathode. However, embodiments are not limited thereto. In embodiments, the first electrode EL1 can be a pixel electrode. The first electrode EL1 can be a transmissive electrode, a transreflective electrode, or a reflective electrode. The first electrode EL1 can include at least one of Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, In, Sn, Zn, oxides thereof, compounds thereof, and mixtures thereof.

[0175] If the first electrode EL1 is a transmissive electrode, the first electrode EL1 can include a transparent metal oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO). If the first electrode EL1 is a transreflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the first electrode EL1 can include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, a compound thereof, or a mixture thereof (e.g., a mixture of Ag and Mg), or a material having a multilayer structure such as LiF / Ca (a stacked structure of LiF and Ca) or LiF / Al (a stacked structure of LiF and Al). In another embodiment, the first electrode EL1 can have a multilayer structure including a reflective film or a semi-transmissive reflective film formed of the above-described material and a transparent conductive film formed of ITO, IZO, ZnO, ITZO, or the like. For example, the first electrode EL1 can have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO, but embodiments are not limited thereto. In an embodiment, the first electrode EL1 can include the above-described metal material, a combination of at least two of the above-described metal materials, or an oxide of the above-described metal material, or the like. The thickness of the first electrode EL1 can be in the range of about 10 nm to about 1,000 nm, for example, about 10 nm to about 500 nm, about 10 nm to about 300 nm, about 10 nm to about 200 nm, about 10 nm to about 100 nm, about 10 nm to about 50 nm, about 50 nm to about 1,000 nm, about 50 nm to about 500 nm, about 50 nm to about 300 nm, about 50 nm to about 200 nm, about 50 nm to about 100 nm, about 100 nm to about 1,000 nm, about 100 nm to about 500 nm, about 100 nm to about 300 nm, about 100 nm to about 200 nm, about 200 nm to about 1,000 nm, about 200 nm to about 500 nm, about 200 nm to about 300 nm, about 300 nm to about 1,000 nm, about 300 nm to about 500 nm, about 500 nm to about 1,000 nm, about 500 nm to about 800 nm, about 800 nm to about 1,000 nm, or about 1,000 nm. to about For example, the thickness of the first electrode EL1 can be in the range of about to about .

[0176] A hole transport region HTR can be provided on the first electrode EL1. The hole transport region HTR can include at least one of a hole injection layer HIL, a hole transport layer HTL, a buffer layer (not shown), an emission auxiliary layer (not shown), and an electron blocking layer EBL. The thickness of the hole transport region HTR can be, for example, in the range of about to about .

[0177] The hole transport region HTR can have a structure composed of a layer consisting of a single material, a structure composed of layers including different materials, or a structure including a plurality of layers including different materials.

[0178] For example, the hole transport region HTR can have a single layer structure of a hole injection layer HIL or a hole transport layer HTL, or can have a single layer structure formed of a hole injection material and a hole transport material. In an embodiment, the hole transport region HTR can have a single layer structure formed of different materials, or can have a structure in which a hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL, a hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL / buffer layer (not shown), a hole injection layer HIL / buffer layer (not shown), a hole transport layer HTL / buffer layer (not shown), or a hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL / electron blocking layer EBL is stacked in the order of each recitation thereof from the first electrode EL1, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0179] The hole transport region HTR can be formed using various methods such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, an inkjet printing method, a laser printing method, and a laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI) method.

[0180] In the light-emitting device ED according to an embodiment, the hole transport region HTR can include a compound represented by Formula H-1:

[0181] [Formula H-1]

[0182]

[0183] In Formula H-1, L1and L2may each independently be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. In Formula H-1, a and b can each independently be an integer of 0 to 10. When a or b is 2 or more, the plurality of L1or the plurality of L2may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0184] In Formula H-1, Ar1and Ar2may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. In Formula H-1, Ar3may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0185] In embodiments, the compound represented by Formula H-1 can be a monoamine compound. In another embodiment, the compound represented by Formula H-1 can be a diamine compound in which at least one of Ar1to Ar3includes an amine group as a substituent. In embodiments, the compound represented by Formula H-1 can be a carbazole-based compound in which at least one of Ar1and Ar2includes a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group, or can be a fluorene-based compound in which at least one of Ar1and Ar2includes a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group.

[0186] The compound represented by Formula H-1 can be any compound selected from Compound Group H. However, the compounds listed in Compound Group H are merely examples, and the compound represented by Formula H-1 is not limited to Compound Group H:

[0187] [Compound Group H]

[0188]

[0189]

[0190] The hole transport region HTR can include a phthalocyanine compound such as copper phthalocyanine, N 1 ,N 1 '-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(N 1 -phenyl-N 4 ,N 4 -di-m-tolylbenzene-1,4-diamine) (DNTPD), 4,4',4"-[tris(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino]triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4',4"-tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (TDATA), 4,4',4"-tris[N-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]-triphenylamine (2-TNATA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI / DBSA), polyaniline / camphor sulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS), N,N'-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-biphenylamine (NPB), triphenylamine-containing polyether ketone (TPAPEK), 4-isopropyl-4'-methyl diphenyl iodonium [tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate], dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexanitrile (HAT-CN), and the like.

[0191] The hole transport region HTR can include carbazole derivatives such as 1,3-bis(H-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP), N-phenylcarbazole, or polyvinylcarbazole; fluorene derivatives; triphenylamine derivatives such as N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TDN) or 4,4',4"-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA); N,N'-di(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB); 4,4'-cyclohexylidenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)benzenamine] (TAPC); 4,4'-bis[N,N'-(3-methylphenyl)amino]-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD), or the like.

[0192] In an embodiment, the hole transport region HTR can include 9-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-bis(triphenylsilyl)-9H-carbazole (CzSi), 9-phenyl-9H-3,9'-bicarbazole (CCP), 1,3-bis(1,8-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzene (mDCP), or the like.

[0193] The hole transport region HTR can include the above-described compounds of the hole transport region in at least one of the hole injection layer HIL, the hole transport layer HTL, and the electron blocking layer EBL.

[0194] The thickness of the hole transport region HTR can be in the range of about to about For example, the thickness of the hole transport region HTR can be in the range of about to about When the hole transport region HTR includes the hole injection layer HIL, the hole injection layer HIL can have a thickness in the range of about to about When the hole transport region HTR includes the hole transport layer HTL, the hole transport layer HTL can have a thickness in the range of about to about When the hole transport region HTR includes the electron blocking layer EBL, the electron blocking layer EBL can have a thickness in the range of about to about If the thicknesses of the hole transport region HTR, the hole injection layer HIL, the hole transport layer HTL, and the electron blocking layer EBL satisfy the above-described ranges, satisfactory hole transport properties can be achieved without a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0195] In addition to the above-described materials, the hole transport region HTR can further include a charge generation material to increase the conductivity. The charge generation material can be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the hole transport region HTR. The charge generation material can be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant can include at least one of a metal halide, a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano-containing compound, but embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, the p-dopant can include a metal halide such as Cul or RbI, a quinone derivative such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ), a metal oxide such as tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide, a cyano-containing compound such as dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexanitrile (HAT-CN) or 4-[[2,3-bis[cyano-(4-cyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)methylene]cyclopropyl]-cyanomethyl]-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzonitrile (NDP9), or the like, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0196] The description of the hole transport region HTR can be applied in substantially similar manners to each of the first bottom functional layer HTR1 and the second bottom functional layer HTR2 in Figure 5C .

[0197] As described above, the hole transport region HTR can further include at least one of a buffer layer (not shown) and an electron blocking layer EBL in addition to the hole injection layer HIL and the hole transport layer HTL. The buffer layer (not shown) can compensate for a resonance distance according to a wavelength of light emitted from the emission layer EML, and thus can improve light emission efficiency. Materials that can be included in the hole transport region HTR can be used as materials in the buffer layer (not shown). The electron blocking layer EBL can prevent electrons from being injected from the electron transport region ETR to the hole transport region HTR.

[0198] The description of the hole injection layer HIL can be applied in substantially similar manners to each of the first hole injection layer HIL1 disposed on the first electrode EL1 and the second hole injection layer HIL2 disposed on the charge generation layer CGL1 as shown in Figure 5C . The description of the hole transport layer HTL can be applied in substantially similar manners to each of the first hole transport layer HTL1 disposed on the first hole injection layer HIL1 and the second hole transport layer HTL2 disposed on the second hole injection layer HIL2 as shown in Figure 5C .

[0199] The emission layer EML can be disposed on the hole transport region HTR. The emission layer EML can have a thickness of about to about thickness in the range of approximately 1 nm to approximately 100 nm. For example, the emission layer EML can have a thickness in the range of approximately 1 nm to approximately 50 nm. to approximately 100 nm. For example, the emission layer EML can have a thickness in the range of approximately 1 nm to approximately 50 nm. to approximately 100 nm. For example, the emission layer EML can have a thickness in the range of approximately 1 nm to approximately 50 nm. The emission layer EML of the light-emitting device ED according to the embodiment can have a structure composed of a layer consisting of a single material, a structure composed of layers including different materials, or a structure including a plurality of layers including different materials.

[0200] In the light-emitting device ED according to the embodiment, the emission layer EML can emit delayed fluorescence. For example, the emission layer EML can emit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF).

[0201] In the light-emitting device ED according to the embodiment, the emission layer EML can emit blue light. For example, the emission layer EML of the light-emitting device ED can emit blue light having a wavelength equal to or smaller than approximately 490 nm. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the emission layer EML can also emit green light or red light.

[0202] In the light-emitting device ED according to the embodiment as shown in Figures 3 to 6 In the light-emitting device ED according to the embodiment, the emission layer EML can include a dopant. In the embodiment, the emission layer EML can include a compound represented by Formula M-a. The compound represented by Formula M-a can be used as a phosphorescent dopant material.

[0203] [Formula M-a]

[0204]

[0205] In Formula M-a, Y1to Y4and Z1to Z4may each independently be C(R1) or N; and R1to R4may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfide group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxide group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. In Formula M-a, m can be 0, can be 1, and n can be 2 or 3. In Formula M-a, when m is 0, n can be 3, and when m is 1, n can be 2.

[0206] In the embodiment, the compound represented by Formula M-a can be any compound selected from Compound M-a1 to Compound M-a25. However, Compound M-a1 to Compound M-a25 are merely examples, and the compound represented by Formula M-a is not limited to Compound M-a1 to Compound M-a25:

[0207]

[0208]

[0209]

[0210] The emission layer EML can include a first compound represented by one of the following Formula F-a to Formula F-d. The first compound represented by one of Formula F-a to Formula F-d can be used as a fluorescent dopant material. In an embodiment, the emission layer EML can include a first dopant compound represented by Formula F-c or Formula F-d. The first dopant compound can emit blue light. The first dopant compound can include a boron atom. The following description of the first compound can apply to the first dopant compound.

[0211] [Formula F-a]

[0212]

[0213] In Formula F-a, R a to R j may each independently be substituted by a group represented by *-NAr1Ar2. R a to R j that are not substituted by a group represented by *-NAr1Ar2may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0214] In the group represented by *-NAr1Ar2, Ar1and Ar2may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. For example, at least one of Ar1and Ar2may each independently be a heteroaryl group including O or S as a ring-forming atom.

[0215] [Formula F-b]

[0216]

[0217] In Formula F-b, R a and R beach independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. In Formula F-b, Ar1to Ar4may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. For example, at least one of Ar1to Ar4may each independently be a heteroaryl group including O or S as a ring-forming atom.

[0218] In Formula F-b, U and V may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring having 5 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0219] In Formula F-b, the number of rings represented by U and V (hereinafter, simply referred to as the number of U and the number of V) may each independently be 0 or 1. When the number of U or V is 1, a fused ring can exist at the portion indicated by U or V, respectively, and when the number of U or V is 0, a fused ring can not exist at the portion indicated by U or V, respectively. When the number of U is 0 and the number of V is 1, or when the number of U is 1 and the number of V is 0, the fused ring having a fluorene core of Formula F-b can be a cyclic compound having four rings. When the number of U and V is each 0, the fused ring having a fluorene core of Formula F-b can be a cyclic compound having three rings. When the number of U and V is each 1, the fused ring having a fluorene core of Formula F-b can be a cyclic compound having five rings.

[0220] [Formula F-c]

[0221]

[0222] In Formula F-c, A1and A2may each independently be O, S, Se, or N(R m ); and R m may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. In Formula F-c, R1to R 11may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxygen group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfur group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0223] In Formula F-c, A1and A2may each independently be bonded to a substituent of an adjacent ring to form a fused ring. For example, when A1and A2are each independently N(R m ), A1may be bonded to R4or R5to form a ring, and / or A2may be bonded to R7or R8to form a ring.

[0224] [Formula F-d]

[0225]

[0226] In Formula F-d, A1and A2may each independently be O, S, Se, or N(R m ); and R m may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. In Formula F-d, R1to R 11 may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxygen group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfur group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0227] In Formula F-d, A1and A2may each independently be bonded to a substituent of an adjacent ring to form a fused ring. For example, when A1and A2are each independently N(R m ), A1may be bonded to R4or R5to form a ring, and / or A2may be bonded to R7to form a ring.

[0228] The compound represented by Formula F-d can be any compound selected from the group consisting of Compound FD1 to Compound FD10. However, Compound FD1 to Compound FD10 are for illustration only, and the compound represented by Formula F-d is not limited to Compound FD1 to Compound FD10.

[0229]

[0230]

[0231] In an embodiment, the emission layer EML can further include a styryl derivative (e.g., 1,4-bis[2-(3-N-ethylcarbazolyl)vinyl]benzene (BCzVB), 4-(di-p-tolylamino)-4'-[(di-p-tolylamino)styryl]stilbene (DPAVB), and N-(4-((E)-2-(6-((E)-4-(diphenylamino)styryl)naphthalen-2-yl)vinyl)phenyl)-N-phenylaniline (N-BDAVBi), 4,4'-bis[2-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl]biphenyl (DPAVBi)), perylene or a derivative thereof (e.g., 2,5,8,11-tetra-tert-butylperylene (TBP)), pyrene or a derivative thereof (e.g., 1,1'-dipyrene, 1,4-dipyrenylbenzene, and 1,4-bis(N,N-diphenylamino)pyrene), etc.) as a dopant material of the related art.

[0232] The emission layer EML can further include a phosphorescent dopant material of the related art. For example, a metal complex including iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), or thulium (Tm) can be used as a phosphorescent dopant. For example, bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridinato-N,C2)picolinate iridium(III) (FIrpic), bis(2,4-difluorophenylpyridinato)-tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)borate iridium(III) (FIr6), or octaethylporphyrin platinum (PtOEP) can be used as a phosphorescent dopant. However, embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0233] In the light emitting device ED, the emission layer EML can include an anthracene derivative, a pyrene derivative, a fluoranthene derivative, a dihydronaphthacene derivative, or a triphenylene derivative. For example, the emission layer EML can include an anthracene derivative or a pyrene derivative.

[0234] In the light emitting device ED according to the embodiment as shown in Figures 3 to 6 In the light emitting device ED according to the embodiment as shown in

[0235] In an embodiment, the emission layer EML can include a plurality of host compounds different from each other, and the host compounds can each independently be represented by Formula E-1. The emission layers EML1 and EML2 (see Figure 5CAt least one of the first host compound and the second host compound can include different compounds from each other, and the first host compound and the second host compound can each independently be represented by Formula E-1. In an embodiment, at least one of the first host compound and the second host compound can include a deuterium atom.

[0236] The host compound represented by Formula E-1 can be used as a fluorescent host material.

[0237] [Formula E-1]

[0238]

[0239] In Formula E-1, R 31 to R 40 may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfo group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. For example, R 31 to R 40 may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a saturated hydrocarbon ring, an unsaturated hydrocarbon ring, a saturated heterocyclic ring, or an unsaturated heterocyclic ring.

[0240] In Formula E-1, c and d can each independently be an integer of 0 to 5.

[0241] In an embodiment, the compound represented by Formula E-1 can be any compound selected from the group consisting of Compound E1 to Compound E21:

[0242]

[0243]

[0244]

[0245] In an embodiment, the emission layer EML can include a plurality of compounds. The emission layer EML can include at least one of a first compound represented by one of Formulae F-a to F-d, a second compound represented by Formula HT-1, a third compound represented by Formula ET-1, and a fourth compound represented by Formula D-1.

[0246] In an embodiment, the emission layer EML can include at least one of a second compound represented by Formula HT-1 and a third compound represented by Formula ET-1, in addition to the first compound represented by one of Formulae F-a to F-d.

[0247] In an embodiment, the emission layer EML can further include a second compound represented by Formula HT-1. In an embodiment, the second compound can be used as a hole transport host material in the emission layer EML:

[0248] [Formula HT-1]

[0249]

[0250] In Formula HT-1, M1to M8may each independently be N or C(R 51 ). For example, M1to M8may each independently be C(R 51 ). As another example, one of M1to M8may be N, and the remaining groups of M1to M8may each independently be C(R 51 ).

[0251] In Formula HT-1, L1may be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. For example, L1may be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent biphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent carbazolyl group, or the like, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0252] In Formula HT-1, Y a may be a direct bond, C(R 52 )(R 53 ), or Si(R 54 )(R 55 ). For example, the two rings connected to the nitrogen atom in Formula HT-1may be connected to each other by a direct bond, C(R In Formula HT-1, when Y a is a direct bond, the second compound represented by Formula HT-1may include a carbazole moiety.

[0253] In Formula HT-1, Ar a may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. For example, Ar a may be a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, or the like, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0254] In Formula HT-1, R 51 to R 55may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfonyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aminyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted boronyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, or be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. For example, R 51 to R 55 may each independently be a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. As another example, R 51 to R 55 may each independently be an unsubstituted methyl group or an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0255] In embodiments, the second compound represented by Formula HT-1 can be any compound selected from Compound Group 2. In embodiments, in the light-emitting device ED, the second compound can include at least one compound selected from Compound Group 2:

[0256] [Compound Group 2]

[0257]

[0258]

[0259]

[0260] In Compound Group 2, D represents a deuterium atom, and Ph represents an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0261] In embodiments, the emission layer EML can further include a third compound represented by Formula ET-1. In embodiments, the third compound can be used as an electron transport host material in the emission layer EML:

[0262] [Formula ET-1]

[0263]

[0264] In Formula ET-1, Z a to Z c may each be N, and the remaining groups Z a to Z c may each independently be C(R 56 ). For example, one of Z a to Z c may be N, and the remaining groups Z a to Z c may each independently be C(R56 ). Thus, the third compound represented by Formula ET-1 can include a pyridine moiety. As another example, Z a to Z c each can be N, and Z a to Z c the remaining groups can be C(R 56 ). Thus, the third compound represented by Formula ET-1 can include a pyrimidine moiety. As yet another example, Z a to Z c each can be N. Thus, the third compound represented by Formula ET-1 can include a triazine moiety.

[0265] In Formula ET-1, R 56 may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0266] In Formula ET-1, b1 to b3 can each independently be an integer of 0 to 10.

[0267] In Formula ET-1, Ar b to Ar d may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. For example, Ar b to Ar d may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group.

[0268] In Formula ET-1, L2 to L4 can each independently be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. When b1 to b3 are each 2 or more, the multiple groups of L2 to L4 can each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0269] In embodiments, the third compound represented by Formula ET-1 can be any compound selected from Compound Group 3. In embodiments, in the light-emitting device ED, the third compound can include at least one compound selected from Compound Group 3:

[0270] [Compound Group 3]

[0271]

[0272]

[0273]

[0274]

[0275]

[0276]

[0277]

[0278]

[0279] In Compound Group 3, D denotes a deuterium atom, and Ph denotes an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0280] In an embodiment, the emission layer EML can include the second compound and the third compound, and the second compound and the third compound can form an exciplex. In the emission layer EML, the exciplex can be formed of the hole transport host and the electron transport host. The triplet energy of the exciplex formed of the hole transport host and the electron transport host can correspond to a difference between a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the electron transport host and a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the hole transport host.

[0281] For example, the absolute value of the triplet energy level (T1) of the exciplex formed of the hole transport host and the electron transport host can be in the range of about 2.4 eV to about 3.0 eV. The triplet energy level of the exciplex can have a value smaller than the energy gap of each of the host materials. The triplet energy level of the exciplex can be equal to or less than about 3.0 eV, which is the energy gap between the hole transport host and the electron transport host.

[0282] In an embodiment, the emission layer EML can further include a fourth compound in addition to the first compound, the second compound, and the third compound as described above. The fourth compound can be used as a phosphorescent sensitizer in the emission layer EML. Energy can be transferred from the fourth compound to the first compound, thereby achieving light emission.

[0283] In an embodiment, the emission layer EML can further include, as the fourth compound, an organometallic complex including platinum (Pt) as a central metal atom and a ligand connected to the central metal atom. In an embodiment, the emission layer EML can include the fourth compound represented by Formula D-1:

[0284] [Formula D-1]

[0285]

[0286] In formula D-1, Q1 to Q4 may each independently be C or N.

[0287] In formula D-1, C1 to C4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0288] In formula D-1, X 11 To X 14 Can be directly bonded or *-o-* independently. For example, X 11 To X 14 One of can be *-o-*, and X 11 To X 14 The remaining groups in may each be a direct bond.

[0289] In formula D-1, L 11 To L 13 Can be directly bonded, *-o-*, *-s-*, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 11 To L 13 In the formula (a), -* represents a bond to one of C1 to C4.

[0290] In Formula D-1, b11 to b13 may each independently be 0 or 1. If b11 is 0, C1 and C2 may not be directly connected to each other. If b12 is 0, C2 and C3 may not be directly connected to each other. If b13 is 0, C3 and C4 may not be directly connected to each other.

[0291] In formula D-1, R 61 to R 66 Each of the R-1 and R-2 groups may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. For example, R 61 to R 66each independently can be a substituted or unsubstituted methyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group.

[0292] In Formula D-1, d1 to d4 each independently can be an integer of 0 to 4. If d1 to d4 are each 0, the fourth compound can not be substituted with R 61 to R 64 each independently. The case where d1 to d4 are each 4 and R 61 to R 64 each independently are each hydrogen atom can be the same as the case where d1 to d4 are each 0. When d1 to d4 are each 2 or more, R 61 to R 64 each independently can be all the same, or at least one of them can be different from the rest.

[0293] In an embodiment, in Formula D-1, C1 to C4 each independently can be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle represented by one of Formulas C-1 to C-5:

[0294]

[0295]

[0296] In Formulas C-1 to C-5, P1 can be C-* or C(R 74 ); P2 can be N-* or N(R 81 ); P3 can be N-* or N(R 82 ); P4 can be C-* or C(R 88 ); and P6 can be C-* or C(R 90 ).

[0297] In Formulas C-1 to C-5, R 71 to R 90 each independently can be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0298] In Formulas C-1 to C-5, represents a bond to Pt as a central metal atom, and -* represents a bond to an adjacent cyclic group (C1 to C4) or to a linking moiety (L 11 to L 13 ).

[0299] In an embodiment, the emission layer EML can include at least one of the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound. For example, the emission layer EML can include the first compound, the second compound, and the third compound. In the emission layer EML, the second compound and the third compound can form an exciplex, and energy can be transferred from the exciplex to the first compound, thereby achieving light emission.

[0300] In another embodiment, the emission layer EML can include the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound. In the emission layer EML, the second compound and the third compound can form an exciplex, and energy can be transferred from the exciplex to the fourth compound and the first compound, thereby achieving light emission. In an embodiment, the fourth compound can be a sensitizer. In the light emitting device ED, the fourth compound included in the emission layer EML can serve as a sensitizer that transfers energy from a host (e.g., an exciplex host) to the first compound that is a light emitting dopant. For example, the fourth compound that serves as an auxiliary dopant can accelerate energy transfer to the first compound that is a light emitting dopant, thereby increasing the emission ratio of the first compound. Accordingly, the emission layer EML can have improved light emission efficiency. When energy transfer to the first compound is increased, excitons formed in the emission layer EML do not accumulate in the emission layer EML and can quickly emit light, and thus degradation of the device can be reduced. Accordingly, the lifespan of the light emitting device ED can be increased.

[0301] The light emitting device ED can include the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound, and the emission layer EML can include a combination of two host materials and two dopant materials. In the light emitting device ED, the emission layer EML can include the second compound and the third compound as two different hosts, the first compound that emits delayed fluorescence, and the fourth compound including an organic metal complex, and thus the light emitting device ED can exhibit excellent light emission efficiency characteristics.

[0302] In an embodiment, the fourth compound represented by Formula D-1 can be selected from Compound Group 4. In an embodiment, in the light emitting device ED, the fourth compound can include at least one compound selected from Compound Group 4:

[0303] [Compound Group 4]

[0304]

[0305]

[0306]

[0307]

[0308] In Compound Group 4, D denotes a deuterium atom.

[0309] In an embodiment, the light-emitting device ED according to the embodiment can include a plurality of emission layers. The plurality of emission layers can be stacked between the first electrode and the second electrode, such that the light-emitting device ED including the plurality of emission layers can emit white light. The light-emitting device ED can have a tandem structure including a first emission layer EML1 and a second emission layer EML2, as shown in FIG. 1B. The description of the emission layer EML according to the embodiment can be applied to each of the first emission layer EML1 and the second emission layer EML2 in substantially a similar manner. Figure 5C

[0310] When the light-emitting device ED includes the emission layers EML1 and EML2, at least one of the first emission layer EML1 and the second emission layer EML2 can each independently include the first dopant compound represented by Formula F-c or Formula F-d as described above.

[0311] In the light-emitting device ED, when the emission layer EML includes the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound, the amount of the first compound can be in the range of about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt% based on the total weight of the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto. When the amount of the first compound satisfies the above range, energy transfer from the second compound and the third compound to the first compound can increase, and thus the light-emitting efficiency and the device lifespan can increase.

[0312] In the emission layer EML, the combined amount of the second compound and the third compound can be the remaining amount excluding the amount of the first compound and the fourth compound from the total weight of the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound. For example, the combined amount of the second compound and the third compound in the emission layer EML can be in the range of about 65 wt% to about 95 wt% based on the total weight of the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound.

[0313] Within the combined amount of the second compound and the third compound, the weight ratio of the second compound to the third compound can be in the range of about 3:7 to about 7:3.

[0314] When the amounts of the second compound and the third compound satisfy the above range and ratio, the charge balance characteristics in the emission layer EML can be improved, and thus the light-emitting efficiency and the device lifespan can increase. When the amounts of the second compound and the third compound deviate from the above range and ratio, charge balance in the emission layer EML can not be achieved, and thus the light-emitting efficiency can decrease, and the device can be easily deteriorated.

[0315] ​When the emission layer EML includes the fourth compound, the amount of the fourth compound can be in the range of about 4 wt% to about 30 wt% based on the total weight of the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound. However, embodiments are not limited thereto. When the amount of the fourth compound satisfies the above range, energy transfer from the host (e.g., an excitonic host) to the first compound as an emission dopant can be increased, and thus the emission ratio can be improved. Accordingly, the light-emitting efficiency of the emission layer EML can be improved. When the amounts of the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound included in the emission layer EML satisfy the above range and ratio, excellent light-emitting efficiency and long service life can be achieved.

[0316] In an embodiment, the emission layer EML can include a compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b. The compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b can be used as a phosphorescent host material.

[0317] [Formula E-2a]

[0318]

[0319] In Formula E-2a, a can be an integer of 0 to 10; and L a may be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. When a is 2 or more, the plurality of L a may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0320] In Formula E-2a, A1 to A5 can each independently be N or C(R i ). In Formula E-2a, R a to R i may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfide group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxygen group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. For example, R a to R i may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a hydrocarbon ring or a heterocyclic ring including N, O, S, or the like as a ring-forming atom.

[0321] In Formula E-2a, two or three of A1to A5may each be N, and the remaining groups of A1to A5may each independently be C(R i ).

[0322] [Formula E-2b]

[0323]

[0324] In Formula E-2b, Cbz1and Cbz2may each independently be unsubstituted carbazolyl, or carbazolyl substituted with aryl having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. In Formula E-2b, L b may be a direct bond, substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. In Formula E-2b, b can be an integer of 0 to 10. When b is 2 or more, the plurality of L b may each independently be substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0325] In embodiments, the compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b can be any compound selected from Compound Group E-2. However, the compounds listed in Compound Group E-2 are merely examples, and the compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b is not limited to Compound Group E-2:

[0326] [Compound Group E-2]

[0327]

[0328]

[0329] In an embodiment, the emission layer EML can further include a material related to the art as a host material. The emission layer EML can include at least one of bis(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)diphenylsilane (BCPDS), (4-(1-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)cyclohexyl)phenyl)diphenyl-phosphine oxide (POPCPA), bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether oxide (DPEPO), 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-bis(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (mCP), 2,8-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)dibenzo[b,d]furan (PPF), 4,4',4"-tris(carbazol-9-yl)-triphenylamine (TCTA), and 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi) as the host material. However, embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3), 9,10-di(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 2-tert-butyl-9,10-di(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (TBADN), distyrylbenzene (DSA), 4,4'-bis(9-carbazolyl)-2,2'-dimethyl-biphenyl (CDBP), 2-methyl-9,10-di(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (MADN), hexaphenylcyclotrisilazane (CP1), 1,4-bis(triphenylsilyl)benzene (UGH2), hexaphenylcyclotrisiloxane (DPSiO3), octaphenylcyclotetrasiloxane (DPSiO4), etc. can be used as the host material.

[0330] In an embodiment, the emission layer EML can include a quantum dot.

[0331] In the specification, the quantum dot can be a crystal of a semiconductor compound. The quantum dot can emit light having various emission wavelengths according to the size of the crystal. When the element ratio of the quantum dot compound is adjusted, the quantum dot can emit light having various emission wavelengths.

[0332] The quantum dot can have a diameter in the range of about 1 nm to about 10 nm, for example.

[0333] The quantum dot can be synthesized through a wet chemical process, a metal organic chemical vapor deposition process, a molecular beam epitaxy process, or a process similar thereto, etc.

[0334] The wet chemical process is a method in which a precursor material is mixed with an organic solvent to grow a quantum dot particle crystal. When the crystal grows, the organic solvent can naturally act as a dispersant coordinated on the surface of the quantum dot crystal and can control the growth of the crystal. Accordingly, the wet chemical process can control the growth of the quantum dot particle through a process that can be more easily performed than a vapor deposition method such as metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and can be performed through a low-cost process.

[0335] Quantum dots can include II-VI compounds, III-VI compounds, I-III-VI compounds, III-V compounds, III-II-V compounds, IV-VI compounds, Group IV elements, Group IV compounds, or combinations thereof.

[0336] Examples of II-VI compounds can include binary compounds such as CdSe, CdTe, CdS, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS, and mixtures thereof; ternary compounds such as CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS, and mixtures thereof; quaternary compounds such as HgZnTeS, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, and mixtures thereof; and any combination thereof.

[0337] Examples of III-VI compounds can include binary compounds such as In2S3or In2Se3; ternary compounds such as InGaS3or InGaSe3; and any combination thereof.

[0338] Examples of I-III-VI compounds can include ternary compounds such as AgInS, AgInS2, CuInS, CuInS2, AgGaS2, CuGaS2, CuGaO2, AgGaO2, AgAlO2, and mixtures thereof; quaternary compounds such as AgInGaS2or CuInGaS2; and any combination thereof.

[0339] Examples of III-V compounds can include binary compounds such as GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, and mixtures thereof; ternary compounds such as GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InAlP, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, and mixtures thereof; quaternary compounds such as GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, and mixtures thereof; and any combination thereof. In embodiments, the III-V compound can further include a Group II metal. Examples of III-II-V compounds can include InZnP, etc.

[0340] Examples of IV-VI compounds can include binary compounds such as SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, and mixtures thereof; ternary compounds such as SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe, and mixtures thereof; quaternary compounds such as SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe, and mixtures thereof; and any combination thereof. Examples of Group IV elements can include Si, Ge, and mixtures thereof. Examples of Group IV compounds can include binary compounds such as SiC, SiGe, and mixtures thereof.

[0341] Each element included in a compound such as a binary compound, a ternary compound, or a quaternary compound can be present in the particle in a uniform concentration distribution or in a non-uniform concentration distribution. The formula can indicate the elements included in the compound, but the elemental proportions of the compound can vary. For example, AgInGaS2may indicate AgIn x Ga 1-x S2(where x is a real number between 0 and 1).

[0342] In embodiments, the quantum dot can have a single structure in which the concentration of each element included in the quantum dot is uniform, or the quantum dot can have a core-shell structure in which one quantum dot surrounds another quantum dot. For example, the material included in the core can be different from the material included in the shell.

[0343] The shell of the quantum dot can serve as a protective layer that prevents chemical deformation of the core to maintain semiconductor properties, and / or can serve as a charging layer that imparts electrophoretic properties to the quantum dot. The shell can be single-layered or multi-layered. The interface between the core and the shell can have a concentration gradient in which the concentration of the element present in the shell decreases toward the core.

[0344] In an embodiment, the shell of the quantum dot can include a metal oxide, a non-metal oxide, a semiconductor compound, or a combination thereof.

[0345] Examples of the metal oxide or the non-metal oxide can include binary compounds such as SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4, or NiO, and ternary compounds such as MgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, or CoMn2O4, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0346] Examples of the semiconductor compound can include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, AlSb, etc., but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0347] The quantum dot can have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of an emission wavelength spectrum equal to or less than about 45 nm. For example, the quantum dot can have a FWHM of the emission wavelength spectrum equal to or less than about 40 nm. For example, the quantum dot can have a FWHM of the emission wavelength spectrum equal to or less than about 30 nm. In any of the above ranges, color purity or color reproducibility can be improved. Light emitted by the quantum dot can be emitted in all directions, so that a wide viewing angle can be improved.

[0348] The form of the quantum dot is not particularly limited and can be any form used in the related art. For example, the quantum dot can have a spherical shape, a pyramid shape, a multi-arm shape, or a cubic shape, or the quantum dot can be in the form of a nanoparticle, a nanotube, a nanowire, a nanofiber, a nanoplate, etc.

[0349] When the size of the quantum dot is adjusted or the element ratio of the quantum dot compound is adjusted, the energy band gap can be controlled accordingly, and thus light in various wavelength ranges can be obtained from the quantum dot emission layer. Accordingly, by using the quantum dot as described above (using quantum dots of different sizes or having different element ratios in the quantum dot compound), a light emitting device that emits light in various wavelengths can be implemented. For example, the size of the quantum dot can be adjusted or the element ratio of the quantum dot compound can be adjusted to emit red light, green light, and / or blue light. In an embodiment, the quantum dot can be configured to emit white light by combining light of various colors.

[0350] In each of the light emitting devices ED according to embodiments shown in FIGS. Figures 3 to 6 In the light emitting device ED according to embodiments shown in each of FIGS.

[0351] As shown in FIG. Figure 5C The light emitting device ED according to embodiments can include a first top functional layer ETR1 disposed on the first emission layer EML1 and a second top functional layer ETR2 disposed on the second emission layer EML2, as shown in FIG.

[0352] In an embodiment, the electron transport region ETR can have a structure including a plurality of layers including different materials.

[0353] For example, the electron transport region ETR can have a structure in which the buffer layer EBF / electron transport layer ETL / electron injection layer EIL or the hole blocking layer HBL / electron transport layer ETL / electron injection layer EIL is stacked in the order of each stated from the emission layer EML, but embodiments are not limited thereto. The electron transport region ETR can have a thickness in the range of about to about .

[0354] The electron transport region ETR can be formed using various methods such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, an inkjet printing method, a laser printing method, and a laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI) method.

[0355] In an embodiment, the electron transport region ETR can include a compound X represented by Formula X and a compound Y represented by Formula Y. In an embodiment, at least one of the first top functional layer ETR1 and the second top functional layer ETR2 can each independently include the compound X and the compound Y.

[0356] In an embodiment, the buffer layer EBF can include the compound X, and the electron transport layer ETL can include the compound Y. In an embodiment, the first buffer layer EBF1 can include the compound X. In an embodiment, the second buffer layer EBF2 can include the compound X. In an embodiment, the first electron transport layer ETL1 can include the compound Y. In an embodiment, the second electron transport layer ETL2 can include the compound Y. In an embodiment, the first buffer layer EBF1 and the second buffer layer EBF2 can each include the compound X, and the first electron transport layer ETL1 and the second electron transport layer ETL2 can each include the compound Y.

[0357] The compound X according to an embodiment includes a spiro[fluorene-9,9'-xanthene] as a core moiety and a nitrogen-containing substituent including two or more ring-forming nitrogen atoms, wherein the nitrogen-containing substituent is bonded to a first benzene ring among the four benzene rings of the spiro[fluorene-9,9'-xanthene] core moiety, wherein the first benzene ring is directly bonded to the oxygen atom. The nitrogen-containing substituent can be directly bonded to the spiro[fluorene-9,9'-xanthene] core moiety, or the nitrogen-containing substituent can be bonded to the spiro[fluorene-9,9'-xanthene] core moiety via a linker. In the emission layer EML, a difference between a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the host compound represented by Formula E-1 and a LUMO energy level of the compound X can be less than about 0.1 eV. Accordingly, electrons can be easily injected from the electron transport region ETR into the emission layer EML. The light-emitting efficiency of the organic light-emitting device can be improved as the number of electrons injected into the emission layer EML per unit time increases, and thus the light-emitting device ED can have improved light-emitting efficiency by including the compound X in the electron transport region ETR.

[0358] The compound Y according to an embodiment includes a benzonitrile as a core moiety and a plurality of nitrogen-containing substituents bonded to the benzonitrile. Each nitrogen-containing substituent can include two or more nitrogen atoms. The nitrogen-containing substituent can be directly bonded to the benzonitrile core moiety, or the nitrogen-containing substituent can be bonded to the benzonitrile core moiety via a linker. When the electron transport region ETR includes the compound Y, the mobility of electrons can be reduced, and thus over-injection of electrons into the emission layer EML can be prevented, which can improve the lifespan of the light-emitting device ED.

[0359] The compound X according to an embodiment can be represented by Formula X:

[0360] [Formula X]

[0361]

[0362] In Formula X, L1may be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. For example, L1may be an unsubstituted phenylene group.

[0363] In Formula X, R1to R4may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. For example, R1to R4may each be a hydrogen atom.

[0364] In Formula X, n1may be an integer of 0 to 3; n2to n4may each independently be an integer of 0 to 4; m1may be an integer of 1 to 4; and the sum of n1and m1may be an integer of 1 to 4.

[0365] In Formula X, if n1is 0, the compound X can not be substituted with R1. The case where n1is 3 and three R1are all hydrogen atoms can be the same as the case where n1is 0. If n1is at least 2, the plurality of R1may all be the same, or at least one of which can be different from the remaining groups.

[0366] In Formula X, if n2is 0, the compound X can not be substituted with R2. The case where n2is 4 and four R2are all hydrogen atoms can be the same as the case where n2is 0. If n2is at least 2, the plurality of R2may all be the same, or at least one of which can be different from the remaining groups.

[0367] In Formula X, if n3is 0, the compound X can not be substituted with R3. The case where n3is 4 and four R3are all hydrogen atoms can be the same as the case where n3is 0. If n3is at least 2, the plurality of R3may all be the same, or at least one of which can be different from the remaining groups.

[0368] In Formula X, if n4is 0, the compound X can not be substituted with R4. The case where n4is 4 and four R4are all hydrogen atoms can be the same as the case where n4is 0. If n4is at least 2, the plurality of R4may all be the same, or at least one of which can be different from the remaining groups.

[0369] In Formula X, if m1is at least 2, the plurality of -L1-Ar1(first nitrogen-containing substituent group, hereinafter) groups can all be the same, or at least one of which can be different from the remaining groups.

[0370] In embodiments, the compound X can be represented by one of Formulae X-1 to X-4:

[0371] [Formula X-1]

[0372]

[0373] [Formula X-2]

[0374]

[0375] [Formula X-3]

[0376]

[0377] [Formula X-4]

[0378]

[0379] In Formulae X-1 to X-4, n11 can be an integer of 0 to 3.

[0380] In Formulae X-1 to X-4, if n11 is 0, the compound X can not be substituted with R1. The case where n11 is 3 and three R1 are each a hydrogen atom can be the same as the case where n11 is 0. If n11 is at least 2, the plurality of R1 can all be the same, or at least one of which can be different from the remaining groups.

[0381] In Formulae X-1 to X-4, Ar1, R1 to R4, L1, and n2 to n4 are the same as defined in Formula X.

[0382] In Formula X, Ar1 can be a group represented by Formula X-a:

[0383] [Formula X-a]

[0384]

[0385] In Formula X-a, X1 to X5 can each independently be C(R x ) or N, provided that at least two of X1 to X5 are each N. For example, X1, X3, and X5 can each be N; and X2 and X4 can each independently be C(R x ).

[0386] In Formula X-a, R x may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms; and represents a bond to Formula X. For example, R x may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. As another example, R x may be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group.

[0387] In embodiments, in Formula X-a, R x may be a group represented by one of Formulae x-a1 to x-a18:

[0388] [Formulae x-a1 to x-a18]

[0389]

[0390]

[0391] In Formulae x-a1 to x-a18, *- represents a bond to Formula X-a.

[0392] In embodiments, the compound X can be selected from Compound Group 1-1. In embodiments, in the light-emitting device ED, the electron-transport region ETR can include at least one compound selected from Compound Group 1-1. In embodiments, in the light-emitting device ED, the buffer layer EBF can include at least one compound selected from Compound Group 1-1:

[0393] [Compound Group 1-1]

[0394]

[0395]

[0396]

[0397] The compound Y according to embodiments can be represented by Formula Y:

[0398] [Formula Y]

[0399]

[0400] In Formula Y, L 10 may be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. For example, L 10 may be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. In embodiments, L 10 may be an unsubstituted phenylene group.

[0401] In formula Y, R 10 may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. For example, R 10 may be a hydrogen atom.

[0402] In formula Y, n10may be an integer of 0 to 3; m10may be an integer of 2 to 5; and the sum of n10and m10may be an integer of 2 to 5.

[0403] In formula Y, if n10is 0, the compound Y can not be substituted with R 10 . n10is 3 and the three R 10 groups are all hydrogen atoms. If n10is at least 2, the plurality of R 10 groups can all be the same or at least one of which can be different from the remaining groups.

[0404] In formula Y, if m10is at least 2, the plurality of -L 10 -Ar 10 groups (hereinafter, referred to as second nitrogen-containing substituent) groups can all be the same or at least one of which can be different from the remaining groups.

[0405] In formula Y, Ar 10 may be a group represented by formula Y-a:

[0406] [Formula Y-a]

[0407]

[0408] In formula Y-a, Y1to Y5may each independently be C(R y ) or N, provided that at least two of Y1to Y5are each N. In an embodiment, Y1, Y3, and Y5may each be N; and Y2and Y4may each independently be C(R y ).

[0409] In formula Y-a, R y may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms; and represents a bond to formula Y. For example, R yIt may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms. y It may be an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0410] In an embodiment, compound Y may be selected from compound groups 1-2. In an embodiment, in a light-emitting device ED, the electron transport region ETR may include at least one compound selected from compound groups 1-2. In an embodiment, in a light-emitting device ED, at least one of the electron transport layer ETL and the electron injection layer EIL may each independently include at least one compound selected from compound groups 1-2:

[0411] [Compound Group 1-2]

[0412]

[0413]

[0414]

[0415] The compound X according to the embodiment includes spiro[fluorene-9,9'-oxanthene] as a core portion, and further includes a first nitrogen-containing substituent containing two or more ring nitrogen atoms, the first nitrogen-containing substituent being bonded to the spiro[fluorene-9,9'-oxanthene] core portion directly or via a linker. In conventional organic light-emitting devices, the difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the host compound in the emission layer and the LUMO energy level of the material included in the electron transport region is greater than about 0.1 eV, and therefore there is a limitation that electrons are not easily injected from the electron transport region into the emission layer, thereby reducing the luminous efficiency. In the light-emitting device ED according to the embodiment, the difference between the LUMO energy level of the host compound represented by formula E-1 in the emission layer EML and the LUMO energy level of the compound X described above is less than about 0.1 eV, and therefore electrons can be easily injected from the electron transport region ETR into the emission layer EML. Because the electrons injected into the emission layer EML increase, the luminous efficiency of the organic light-emitting device can be improved. Therefore, the light emitting device ED according to the embodiment includes the compound X in the electron transport region ETR, thereby improving its light emitting efficiency.

[0416] The compound Y according to the embodiment includes a benzonitrile as a core moiety and a plurality of second nitrogen-containing substituents bonded to the benzonitrile core moiety directly or via a linking group. The second nitrogen-containing substituents include two or more ring-forming nitrogen atoms. In a conventional organic light-emitting device, because the mobility of electrons in the electron-transporting region is high, an excess of electrons can be injected into the emission layer, and thus there is a limitation that the lifetime of the organic light-emitting device is shortened. The light-emitting device ED according to the embodiment includes the compound Y in the electron-transporting region ETR, thereby reducing the mobility of electrons, and thus preventing an excess of electrons from being injected into the emission layer EML, which can improve the lifetime of the light-emitting device ED.

[0417] In the light-emitting device ED according to the embodiment, the electron-transporting region ETR can further include a compound represented by Formula ET-2:

[0418] [Formula ET-2]

[0419]

[0420] In Formula ET-2, at least one of X1to X3may each be N, and the remaining groups of X1to X3may each independently be C(R a ) or N. In Formula ET-2, R a may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. In Formula ET-2, Ar1to Ar3may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0421] In Formula ET-2, a to c can each independently be an integer of 0 to 10. In Formula ET-2, L1to L3may each independently be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. When a to c are each 2 or more, the plurality of groups of L1to L3may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0422] The electron transport region ETR can include an anthracene compound. However, embodiments are not limited thereto, and the electron transport region ETR can include, for example, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3), 1,3,5-tris[(3-pyridyl)-phen-3-yl]benzene, 2,4,6-tris(3'-(pyridin-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(4-(N-phenylbenzoimidazolyl-1-yl)phenyl)-9,10-dinaphthylanthracene, 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi), 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), 3-(4-biphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 4-(naphthalen-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ), 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (tBu-PBD), bis(2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline-N1,O8)-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-hydroxy)aluminum (BAlq), bis(10-hydroxybenzoquinoline)beryllium (Bebq2), 9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 1,3-bis[3,5-di(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]benzene (BmPyPhB), 4'-(4-(4-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile (CNNPTRZ), or a mixture thereof.

[0423] In embodiments, the electron transport region ETR can further include a compound selected from the group of compounds 3 as described above.

[0424] In embodiments, the electron transport region ETR can further include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds ET1 to ET36:

[0425]

[0426]

[0427]

[0428] In an embodiment, the electron transport region ETR can include a metal halide such as LiF, NaCl, CsF, RbCl, RbI, CuI, and KI; a lanthanide such as Yb; or a co-deposited material of a metal halide and a lanthanide. For example, the electron transport region ETR can include KI:Yb, RbI:Yb, LiF:Yb, or the like as a co-deposited material. The electron transport region ETR can include a metal oxide such as Li2O and BaO, or 8-hydroxy-quinolinolato lithium (Liq). However, embodiments are not limited thereto. In another embodiment, the electron transport region ETR can further include a mixture material of an electron transport material and an insulating organic metal salt. The organic metal salt can be a material having a band gap equal to or greater than about 4 eV. For example, the organic metal salt can include a metal acetate, a metal benzoate, a metal acetylacetate, a metal acetylacetonate, or a metal stearate.

[0429] In addition to the foregoing materials, the electron transport region ETR can further include at least one of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), diphenyl(4-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (TSPO1), and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen). However, embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0430] The above description of the electron transport region ETR can be applied in a substantially similar manner to each of the first top functional layer ETR1 and the second top functional layer ETR2 in the organic light emitting diode 1000. Figure 5C The electron transport region ETR can include the above-described compounds of the electron transport region in at least one of the electron injection layer EIL, the electron transport layer ETL, the hole blocking layer HBL, and the buffer layer EBF. The first buffer layer EBF1 included in the first top functional layer ETR1 can include the compound X. The second buffer layer EBF2 included in the second top functional layer ETR2 can include the compound X. In an embodiment, at least one of the first buffer layer EBF1 and the second buffer layer EBF2 can each independently include the compound X.

[0431] If the electron transport region ETR includes the electron transport layer ETL, a thickness of the electron transport layer ETL can be in a range of about to about For example, the thickness of the electron transport layer ETL can be in a range of about to about If the thickness of the electron transport layer ETL satisfies any of the above-described ranges, satisfactory electron transport properties can be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage. If the electron transport region ETR includes the electron injection layer EIL, a thickness of the electron injection layer EIL can be in a range of about to about For example, the thickness of the electron injection layer EIL can be about to approximately If the thickness of the electron injection layer EIL satisfies any of the above ranges, satisfactory electron injection properties can be obtained without causing a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0432] The above description of the electron transport layer ETL can be applied in a substantially similar manner to the following embodiments: Figure 5C Each of the first electron transport layer ETL1 and the second electron transport layer ETL2 shown in . The first electron transport layer ETL1 included in the first top functional layer ETR1 may include compound Y. The second electron transport layer ETL2 included in the second top functional layer ETR2 may include compound Y. In an embodiment, at least one of the first buffer layer EBF1 and the second buffer layer EBF2 may each independently include compound Y.

[0433] The second electrode EL2 may be provided on the electron transport region ETR. The second electrode EL2 may be a common electrode. The second electrode EL2 may be a cathode or an anode, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, when the first electrode EL1 is an anode, the second electrode EL2 may be a cathode, and when the first electrode EL1 is a cathode, the second electrode EL2 may be an anode.

[0434] The second electrode EL2 may be a transmissive electrode, a transflective electrode, or a reflective electrode. When the second electrode EL2 is a transmissive electrode, the second electrode EL2 may include a transparent metal oxide, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), etc.

[0435] When the second electrode EL2 is a transflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the second electrode EL2 may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, Yb, W, a compound thereof, or a mixture thereof (e.g., AgMg, AgYb, or MgYb), or a material having a multilayer structure such as LiF / Ca or LiF / Al. In an embodiment, the second electrode EL2 may have a multilayer structure including a reflective film or a semi-transflective reflective film formed of the above materials and a transparent conductive film formed of ITO, IZO, ZnO, ITZO, or the like. For example, the second electrode EL2 may include the above metal materials, a combination of at least two of the above metal materials, or an oxide of the above metal materials.

[0436] Although not shown in the drawings, in an embodiment, the second electrode EL2 may be electrically connected to the auxiliary electrode. If the second electrode EL2 is electrically connected to the auxiliary electrode, the resistance of the second electrode EL2 may be reduced.

[0437] In an embodiment, the light emitting device ED may further include a cover layer CPL disposed on the second electrode EL2. The cover layer CPL may have a multi-layer structure or a single-layer structure.

[0438] In an embodiment, the cover layer CPL may include an organic layer or an inorganic layer. For example, when the cover layer CPL includes an inorganic material, the inorganic material may include an alkali metal compound (eg, LiF), an alkaline earth metal compound (eg, MgF2), SiON, SiN x 、SiO y wait.

[0439] For example, when the cover layer CPL includes an organic material, the organic material may include α-NPD, NPB, TPD, m-MTDATA, Alq3, CuPc, N4,N4,N4',N4'-tetrakis(biphenyl-4-yl)biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD15), 4,4',4"-tris(carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA), etc., or may include an epoxy resin, or an acrylate resin such as methacrylate. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the cover layer CPL may include at least one of compounds P1 to P5:

[0440]

[0441]

[0442] The refractive index of the cover layer CPL may be equal to or greater than about 1.6. For example, with respect to light in a wavelength range of about 550 nm to about 660 nm, the refractive index of the cover layer CPL may be equal to or greater than about 1.6.

[0443] like Figure 5C As shown in FIG, a charge generation layer CGL1 can be disposed between the bottom light-emitting structure OL1 and the top light-emitting structure OL2 to control the hole balance and / or electron balance between the bottom light-emitting structure OL1 and the top light-emitting structure OL2. For example, the charge generation layer CGL1 can facilitate the movement of holes and / or electrons between the bottom light-emitting structure OL1 and the top light-emitting structure OL2. The charge generation layer CGL1 can include an n-type charge generation layer n-CGL1 and a p-type charge generation layer p-CGL1.

[0444] In an embodiment, an n-type charge generation layer n-CGL1 can be disposed on the bottom light emitting structure OL1. The n-type charge generation layer n-CGL1 can be provided as a common layer overlapping the first pixel area (also referred to as a red light emitting area) PXA-R( Figure 2 ), the second pixel area (also referred to as a green light emitting area) PXA-G( Figure 2 ), and the third pixel area (blue light emitting area) PXA-B( Figure 2 ), and the non-pixel area (also referred to as a non-light emitting area NPXA) NPXA( Figure 2 ). In an embodiment, a p-type charge generation layer p-CGL1 can be disposed on the n-type charge generation layer n-CGL1, and can be provided as a patterned layer. For example, the p-type charge generation layer p-CGL1 can include a first p-type charge generation layer, a second p-type charge generation layer, and a third p-type charge generation layer overlapping the first pixel area PXA-R, the second pixel area PXA-G, and the third pixel area PXA-B, respectively. The first p-type charge generation layer, the second p-type charge generation layer, and the third p-type charge generation layer can overlap the first pixel area PXA-R, the second pixel area PXA-G, and the third pixel area PXA-B, respectively, and can not overlap the non-pixel area NPXA.

[0445] Figures 7 to 10 Each is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display apparatus DD-a, DD-TD, DD-b, and DD-c according to an embodiment. Hereinafter, in describing the display apparatuses DD-a, DD-TD, DD-b, and DD-c according to an embodiment as shown in Figures 7 to 10 , features already described with respect to the display apparatuses DD-a, DD-TD, DD-b, and DD-c according to an embodiment will not be explained again, and different features will be described. Figures 1 to 6

[0446] Referring to Figure 7 , the display apparatus DD-a according to an embodiment can include a display panel DP including a display device layer DP-ED, a light control layer CCL disposed on the display panel DP, and a color filter layer CFL. In the embodiment shown in Figure 7 , the display panel DP can include a bulk layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL provided on the bulk layer BS, and the display device layer DP-ED, and the display device layer DP-ED can include a light emitting device ED.

[0447] The light emitting device ED can include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR disposed on the first electrode EL1, an emission layer EML disposed on the hole transport region HTR, an electron transport region ETR disposed on the emission layer EML, and a second electrode EL2 disposed on the electron transport region ETR. In an embodiment, Figure 7 ​​​​​The structure of the light-emitting device ED shown in FIG. 1A can be the same as that of the light-emitting device according to one of the above-described embodiments. Figures 3 to 6

[0448] The electron transport region ETR of the light-emitting device ED included in the display device DD-a can include the compound X according to an embodiment and the compound Y according to an embodiment as described above.

[0449] Referring to Figure 7 , the emission layer EML can be provided in the opening OH defined in the pixel definition film PDL. For example, the emission layer EML separated by the pixel definition film PDL and provided as corresponding to each of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can emit light in the same wavelength range. In the display device DD-a, the emission layer EML can emit blue light. Although not shown in the drawings, in an embodiment, the emission layer EML can be provided as a common layer for all the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B.

[0450] The light control layer CCL can be provided on the display panel DP. The light control layer CCL can include a light converter. The light converter can be a quantum dot or a phosphor, etc. The light converter can convert the wavelength of the provided light and emit the resulting light. For example, the light control layer CCL can be a layer including a quantum dot or a layer including a phosphor.

[0451] The light control layer CCL can include light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. The light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 can be spaced apart from each other.

[0452] Referring to Figure 7 , the separation pattern BMP can be provided between the light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 spaced apart from each other, but embodiments are not limited thereto. In Figure 7 , it is shown that the separation pattern BMP does not overlap the light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3, but edges of the light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 can overlap at least a portion of the separation pattern BMP.

[0453] The light control layer CCL can include a first light control component CCP1 including a first quantum dot QD1 converting first color light provided from the light-emitting device ED into second color light, a second light control component CCP2 including a second quantum dot QD2 converting the first color light into third color light, and a third light control component CCP3 transmitting the first color light.

[0454] ​In an embodiment, the first light control component CCP1 can provide red light as the second color light, and the second light control component CCP2 can provide green light as the third color light. The third light control component CCP3 can provide blue light by transmitting blue light provided from the light emitting device ED as the first color light. For example, the first quantum dot QD1 can be a red quantum dot, and the second quantum dot QD2 can be a green quantum dot. The quantum dots QD1 and QD2 can each be a quantum dot as described above.

[0455] The light control layer CCL can further include scatterers SP. The first light control component CCP1 can include the first quantum dot QD1 and the scatterers SP, the second light control component CCP2 can include the second quantum dot QD2 and the scatterers SP, and the third light control component CCP3 can not include quantum dots but can include the scatterers SP.

[0456] The scatterers SP can be inorganic particles. For example, the scatterers SP can include at least one of TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, and SiO2(such as hollow silica). The scatterers SP can include one of TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, and SiO2(such as hollow silica), or can be a mixture of at least two materials selected from TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, and SiO2(such as hollow silica).

[0457] The first light control component CCP1, the second light control component CCP2, and the third light control component CCP3 can each include a base resin BR1, BR2, and BR3 in which the quantum dots QD1 and QD2 and the scatterers SP are dispersed. In an embodiment, the first light control component CCP1 can include the first quantum dot QD1 and the scatterers SP dispersed in a first base resin BR1, the second light control component CCP2 can include the second quantum dot QD2 and the scatterers SP dispersed in a second base resin BR2, and the third light control component CCP3 can include the scatterers SP dispersed in a third base resin BR3.

[0458] The base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 are media in which the quantum dots QD1 and QD2 and the scatterers SP are dispersed, and can include various resin compositions, which can be referred to as binders. For example, the base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 can be acrylic resins, urethane resins, silicone resins, epoxy resins, or the like. The base resins BR1, BR2, BR3 can each be a transparent resin. In an embodiment, the first base resin BR1, the second base resin BR2, and the third base resin BR3 can be the same as or different from each other.

[0459] The light control layer CCL can include a barrier layer BFL1. The barrier layer BFL1 can prevent permeation of moisture and / or oxygen (hereinafter, referred to as "moisture / oxygen"). The barrier layer BFL1 can block the light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 from being exposed to the moisture / oxygen. The barrier layer BFL1 can cover the light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. In an embodiment, a barrier layer BFL2 can be provided between the light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 and the color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3.

[0460] The barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 can each independently include at least one inorganic layer. For example, the barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 can each independently include an inorganic material. For example, the barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 can each independently include silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium nitride, titanium nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, cerium oxide, silicon oxynitride, a metal thin film that ensures transmittance, or the like. The barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 can each independently further include an organic film. The barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 can be formed of a single layer or a plurality of layers.

[0461] In the display device DD-a, the color filter layer CFL can be provided on the light control layer CCL. In an embodiment, the color filter layer CFL can be directly provided on the light control layer CCL. For example, the barrier layer BFL2 can be omitted.

[0462] The color filter layer CFL can include the color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3. The first color filter CF1, the second color filter CF2, and the third color filter CF3 can be provided so that they respectively correspond to the red light emitting area PXA-R, the green light emitting area PXA-G, and the blue light emitting area PXA-B.

[0463] The color filter layer CFL can include a first color filter CF1 that transmits second color light, a second color filter CF2 that transmits third color light, and a third color filter CF3 that transmits first color light. For example, the first color filter CF1 can be a red color filter, the second color filter CF2 can be a green color filter, and the third color filter CF3 can be a blue color filter. The color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 can each include a polymerized photosensitive resin and a pigment or a dye. The first color filter CF1 can include a red pigment or a dye, the second color filter CF2 can include a green pigment or a dye, and the third color filter CF3 can include a blue pigment or a dye.

[0464] However, embodiments are not limited thereto, and the third color filter CF3 can not include a pigment or a dye. The third color filter CF3 can include a polymerized photosensitive resin, and can not include a pigment or a dye. The third color filter CF3 can be transparent. The third color filter CF3 can be formed of a transparent photosensitive resin.

[0465] In an embodiment, the first color filter CF1 and the second color filter CF2 can each be a yellow color filter. The first color filter CF1 and the second color filter CF2 can not be provided as separate color filters, and can be provided as a single color filter.

[0466] Although not shown in the drawings, the color filter layer CFL can further include a light blocking part (not shown). The light blocking part (not shown) can be a black matrix. The light blocking part (not shown) can include an organic light blocking material or an inorganic light blocking material, each of which includes a black pigment or a black dye. The light blocking part (not shown) can prevent light leakage, and can separate adjacent color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3.

[0467] A base substrate BL can be disposed on the color filter layer CFL. The base substrate BL can provide a base surface on which the color filter layer CFL, the light control layer CCL, etc. are arranged. The base substrate BL can be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, a plastic substrate, etc. However, embodiments are not limited thereto, and the base substrate BL can include an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. Although not shown in the drawings, in an embodiment, the base substrate BL can be omitted.

[0468] Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a display device DD-TD according to an embodiment. In the display device DD-TD according to an embodiment, the light emitting device ED-BT can include light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3. The light emitting device ED-BT can include first and second electrodes EL1 and EL2 facing each other and the light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 stacked in a thickness direction between the first and second electrodes EL1 and EL2. The light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 can each include a hole transport region HTR, an emission layer EML (not shown), and an electron transport region ETR (not shown) disposed in the order between the first and second electrodes EL1 and EL2. Figure 7 ) and an electron transport region ETR (not shown) disposed in the order between the first and second electrodes EL1 and EL2.

[0469] For example, the light emitting device ED-BT included in the display device DD-TD can be a light emitting device having a series structure including a plurality of emission layers.

[0470] In Figure 8In the embodiment shown in FIG, the light emitted from the light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may each be blue light. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the light emitted from the light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may have different wavelength ranges from each other. For example, the light emitting device ED-BT including the light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 emitting light in different wavelength ranges may emit white light.

[0471] The charge generation layers CGL1 and CGL2 may each be disposed between two adjacent light emitting structures among the light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3. The charge generation layers CGL1 and CGL2 may each independently include a p-type charge generation layer and / or an n-type charge generation layer.

[0472] At least one of the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 included in the display devices DD-TD may each independently include the compound X and the compound Y according to the embodiments described above. For example, at least one of the electron transport regions included in the light-emitting device ED-BT may each independently include the compound X and the compound Y. For example, each electron transport region included in the light-emitting device ED-BT may include the compound X and the compound Y.

[0473] Figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device DD-b according to an embodiment. Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device DD-c according to an embodiment.

[0474] refer to Figure 9 , the display device DD-b according to the embodiment may include light emitting devices ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 in which two emission layers are stacked. Figure 2 Compared with the display device DD shown in Figure 9 The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 in that each of the first light-emitting device ED-1, the second light-emitting device ED-2, and the third light-emitting device ED-3 includes two emission layers stacked in the thickness direction. In each of the first light-emitting device ED-1, the second light-emitting device ED-2, and the third light-emitting device ED-3, the two emission layers can emit light within the same wavelength range.

[0475] The first light emitting device ED-1 can include a first red emission layer EML-R1 and a second red emission layer EML-R2. The second light emitting device ED-2 can include a first green emission layer EML-G1 and a second green emission layer EML-G2. The third light emitting device ED-3 can include a first blue emission layer EML-B1 and a second blue emission layer EML-B2. An emission assistance member OG can be disposed between the first red emission layer EML-R1 and the second red emission layer EML-R2, between the first green emission layer EML-G1 and the second green emission layer EML-G2, and between the first blue emission layer EML-B1 and the second blue emission layer EML-B2.

[0476] The emission assistance member OG can have a single layer structure or a multi-layer structure. The emission assistance member OG can include a charge generation layer. For example, the emission assistance member OG can include an electron transport region, a charge generation layer, and a hole transport region, which can be stacked in the following order. The emission assistance member OG can be provided as a common layer for the first light emitting device ED-1, the second light emitting device ED-2, and the third light emitting device ED-3. However, embodiments are not limited thereto, and the emission assistance member OG can be provided by being patterned within the opening OH defined in the pixel definition film PDL.

[0477] The first red emission layer EML-R1, the first green emission layer EML-G1, and the first blue emission layer EML-B1 can each be disposed between the electron transport region ETR and the emission assistance member OG. The second red emission layer EML-R2, the second green emission layer EML-G2, and the second blue emission layer EML-B2 can each be disposed between the emission assistance member OG and the hole transport region HTR.

[0478] The first light emitting device ED-1 can include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second red emission layer EML-R2, an emission assistance member OG, a first red emission layer EML-R1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2, which are stacked in the following order. The second light emitting device ED-2 can include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second green emission layer EML-G2, an emission assistance member OG, a first green emission layer EML-G1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2, which are stacked in the following order. The third light emitting device ED-3 can include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second blue emission layer EML-B2, an emission assistance member OG, a first blue emission layer EML-B1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2, which are stacked in the following order.

[0479] An optical auxiliary layer PL may be provided on the display device layer DP-ED. The optical auxiliary layer PL may include a polarizing layer. The optical auxiliary layer PL may be provided on the display panel DP and may control the amount of external light reflected from the display panel DP. Although not shown in the drawings, in an embodiment, the optical auxiliary layer PL may be omitted from the display device DD-b.

[0480] According to the embodiment described above, including Figure 9 The electron transport region in the display device DD-b shown in FIG may include compound X and compound Y.

[0481] and Figure 8 and Figure 9 compared to, Figure 10 The display device DD-c shown differs at least in that it includes four light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1. The light-emitting device ED-CT may include a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 facing each other, and a first light-emitting structure OL-B1, a second light-emitting structure OL-B2, a third light-emitting structure OL-B3, and a fourth light-emitting structure OL-C1 stacked in the thickness direction between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. In an embodiment, the third light-emitting structure OL-B3, the second light-emitting structure OL-B2, the first light-emitting structure OL-B1, and the fourth light-emitting structure OL-C1 may be stacked in this order in the thickness direction between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2.

[0482] The charge generation layers CGL1, CGL2, and CGL3 may each be disposed between two adjacent light-emitting structures among the first light-emitting structure OL-B1, the second light-emitting structure OL-B2, the third light-emitting structure OL-B3, and the fourth light-emitting structure OL-C1. For example, the first charge generation layer CGL1 may be disposed between the first light-emitting structure OL-B1 and the fourth light-emitting structure OL-C1, the second charge generation layer CGL2 may be disposed between the first light-emitting structure OL-B1 and the second light-emitting structure OL-B2, and the third charge generation layer CGL3 may be disposed between the second light-emitting structure OL-B2 and the third light-emitting structure OL-B3. The charge generation layers CGL1, CGL2, and CGL3 may each independently include a p-type charge generation layer and / or an n-type charge generation layer.

[0483] Among the four light emitting structures, the first light emitting structure OL-B1, the second light emitting structure OL-B2, and the third light emitting structure OL-B3 may each emit blue light, and the fourth light emitting structure OL-C1 may emit green light. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the first light emitting structure OL-B1, the second light emitting structure OL-B2, the third light emitting structure OL-B3, and the fourth light emitting structure OL-C1 may emit light having different wavelength ranges from each other.

[0484] At least one of the light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 included in the display device DD-c according to an embodiment can each independently include the compound X and the compound Y according to an embodiment as described above. For example, in an embodiment, the first light emitting structure OL-B1 can include the compound X and the compound Y.

[0485] The light emitting device ED according to an embodiment includes the compound X represented by Formula X and the compound Y represented by Formula Y as described above in at least one functional layer located between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2, and thus can exhibit excellent light emitting efficiency and improved lifespan characteristics. For example, in an embodiment, the light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 of the light emitting device ED-CT can each include the compound X and the compound Y, and the light emitting device ED-CT can exhibit high efficiency and long lifespan characteristics.

[0486] In an embodiment, an electronic device can include a display device including a plurality of light emitting devices and a control part that controls the display device. The electronic device can be a device that is activated according to an electrical signal. The electronic device can include a display device according to various embodiments. Examples of the electronic device can include large, medium, and small electronic devices such as a television, a monitor, a billboard, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a personal digital terminal, a display device for a vehicle, a game console, a portable electronic device, and a camera.

[0487] Figure 11 is a schematic view of the inside of a vehicle AM including the first display device DD-1, the second display device DD-2, the third display device DD-3, and the fourth display device DD-4 according to an embodiment disposed therein. At least one of the first display device DD-1, the second display device DD-2, the third display device DD-3, and the fourth display device DD-4 can have the structure of one of the display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c according to various embodiments as described above with reference to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figures 7 to 10 .

[0488] In Figure 11In the embodiment, the automobile is shown as a vehicle AM, but this is only an example, and the first display device DD-1, the second display device DD-2, the third display device DD-3, and the fourth display device DD-4 can be arranged in various means of transport such as bicycles, motorcycles, trains, ships, and airplanes. In an embodiment, at least one of the first display device DD-1, the second display device DD-2, the third display device DD-3, and the fourth display device DD-4 having a structure according to one of the display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c can be included in a personal computer, a laptop computer, a personal digital terminal, a game console, a portable electronic device, a television, a monitor, or an advertisement board, etc. However, these are provided only as examples, and the display device can be included in other electronic devices.

[0489] At least one of the first display device DD-1, the second display device DD-2, the third display device DD-3, and the fourth display device DD-4 can each independently include a light emitting device ED according to the embodiments as described with reference to any of the figures. Figures 3 to 6 The light emitting device ED can include a compound X and a compound Y according to the embodiments. At least one of the first display device DD-1, the second display device DD-2, the third display device DD-3, and the fourth display device DD-4 can include the light emitting device ED including the compound X and the compound Y, thereby improving display service life.

[0490] Referring to Figure 11 The vehicle AM can include a steering wheel HA for operating the vehicle AM and a gear shift lever GR. The vehicle AM can include a front window GL disposed to face a driver.

[0491] The first display device DD-1 can be disposed in a first area overlapping the steering wheel HA. For example, the first display device DD-1 can be a digital cluster displaying first information of the vehicle AM. The first information can include a first scale indicating a traveling speed of the vehicle AM, a second scale indicating an engine speed (for example, as revolutions per minute (RPM)), and an image representing a fuel gauge. The first scale and the second scale can each be represented by a digital image.

[0492] The second display device DD-2 can be disposed in a second region facing the driver's seat overlapping the front window GL. The driver's seat can be a seat on which the steering wheel HA is disposed. For example, the second display device DD-2 can be a head-up display (HUD) displaying second information of the vehicle AM. The second display device DD-2 can be optically transparent. The second information can include a numeric code indicating a traveling speed of the vehicle AM, and can further include information such as a current time. Although not shown in the drawings, in an embodiment, the second information of the second display device DD-2 can be displayed by being projected onto the front window GL.

[0493] The third display device DD-3 can be disposed in a third region adjacent to the shift lever GR. For example, the third display device DD-3 can be a center information display (CID) for a vehicle disposed between the driver's seat and a passenger seat and displaying third information. The passenger seat can be a seat spaced apart from the driver's seat, and the shift lever GR can be disposed between the driver's seat and the passenger seat. The third information can include information about a traffic situation (e.g., navigation information), about music or a radio being played, about a video (or an image) being displayed, or about a temperature within the vehicle AM, etc.

[0494] The fourth display device DD-4 can be disposed in a fourth region spaced apart from the steering wheel HA and the shift lever GR and adjacent to a side of the vehicle AM. For example, the fourth display device DD-4 can be a digital side mirror displaying fourth information. The fourth display device DD-4 can display an image outside the vehicle AM, which can be photographed by a camera module CM disposed outside the vehicle AM. The fourth information can include an outside image of the vehicle AM.

[0495] The first information to the fourth information as described above are provided only as an example, and the first display device DD-1, the second display device DD-2, the third display device DD-3, and the fourth display device DD-4 can further display information about the inside and outside of the vehicle AM. The first information to the fourth information can include different information from each other. However, embodiments are not limited thereto, and a part of the first information to the fourth information can include the same information.

[0496] Figure 12 FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating an electronic device EA according to an embodiment. Figure 13 FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the electronic device EA according to an embodiment.

[0497] The electronic device EA can display an image IM through a display surface EA-IS. The image IM can include a dynamic image as well as a static image. The display surface EA-IS can be parallel to a plane defined by a first direction axis DR1 and a second direction axis DR2.Figure 12 The electronic device EA is illustrated as having a flat display surface EA-IS, but embodiments of the inventive concept are not limited thereto. For example, the electronic device EA can include a curved display surface or a three-dimensional display surface. The three-dimensional display surface can include a plurality of display areas indicating different directions from each other.

[0498] The display surface EA-IS can include a display area EA-DA and a non-display area EA-NDA. The electronic device EA can display an image IM through the display area EA-DA.

[0499] The non-display area EA-NDA can have a predetermined color. The non-display area EA-NDA can be adjacent to the display area EA-DA. The non-display area EA-NDA can surround the display area EA-DA. Thus, the shape of the display area EA-DA can be substantially defined by the non-display area EA-NDA. However, Figure 12 is exemplary, and the non-display area EA-NDA can be provided to be adjacent to only one side of the display area EA-DA or can be omitted.

[0500] Reference Figure 13 The electronic device EA can include a display device DD. In addition, the electronic device EA can further include a window member WM and a housing HAU.

[0501] The window member WM can cover the entire outer side of the electronic device EA. The window member WM can include a transmissive area TA and a bezel area BZA. The front surface of the window member WM including the transmissive area TA and the bezel area BZA can correspond to the front surface of the electronic device EA. The transmissive area TA can correspond to the display area EA-DA of the electronic device EA illustrated in Figure 12 , and the bezel area BZA can correspond to the non-display area EA-NDA of the electronic device EA illustrated in Figure 12 .

[0502] The transmissive area TA can be an optically transmissive area. The bezel area BZA can be an area having a relatively low light transmittance compared to the transmissive area TA. The bezel area BZA can have a predetermined color. The bezel area BZA can be adjacent to the transmissive area TA and can surround the transmissive area TA. The bezel area BZA can define the shape of the transmissive area TA. However, embodiments of the inventive concept are not limited thereto, and the bezel area BZA can be provided to be adjacent to only one side of the transmissive area TA, or a portion thereof can be omitted.

[0503] The housing HAU can include a material having a relatively high rigidity. For example, the housing HAU can include a frame and / or a plate made of glass, plastic, or metal. The frame and / or the plate can be provided in multiple pieces. The housing HAU can provide a predetermined receiving space. The display device DD can be accommodated in the receiving space and protected from external impacts.

[0504] The display device DD can include the same configuration as at least one of the display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c of the embodiments described with reference to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figures 7 to 10 . The display device DD can include the light emitting device ED described with reference to Figures 3 to 6 . Accordingly, the electronic device EA including the display device DD according to the embodiments can exhibit excellent reliability.

[0505] An active area DM-AA and a non-active area DM-NAA can be defined in the display device DD. The active area DM-AA can overlap the display area EA-DA shown in Figure 12 , and the non-active area DM-NAA can overlap the non-display area EA-NDA shown in Figure 12 .

[0506] The active area DM-AA can be an area activated according to an electrical signal. The non-active area DM-NAA can be an area positioned adjacent to at least one side of the active area DM-AA. The active area DM-AA can include the non-light emitting area NPXA and the light emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B shown in Figure 1 . The non-active area DM-NAA can be disposed to surround the active area DM-AA. However, embodiments of the inventive concept are not limited thereto, and some of the non-active areas DM-NAA can be omitted, differently from what is shown. A driving circuit or a driving wire for driving the active area DM-AA can be disposed in the non-active area DM-NAA.

[0507] The electronic device EA according to the embodiments includes the display device described above, and can further include a module or a device having an additional function, in addition to the display device. Figure 14 is a block diagram of the electronic device EA according to the embodiments. With reference to Figure 14 , the electronic device EA according to the embodiments can include a display module 11, a processor 12, a memory 13, and a power module 14.

[0508] The processor 12 can include at least one of a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor (AP), a graphic processing unit (GPU), a communication processor (CP), an image signal processor (ISP), and a controller. Data information required for the operation of the processor 12 or the display module 11 can be stored in the memory 13. If the processor 12 executes an application stored in the memory 13, an image data signal and / or an input control signal are transmitted to the display module 11, and the display module 11 can process the received signal and output image information through a display screen.

[0509] The power module 14 can include a power module such as a power adapter or a battery device, and a power conversion module that converts power supplied by the power module to generate power required for operation of the electronic device EA.

[0510] The display module 11 can include at least some configurations of the display apparatuses DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c described with reference to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figures 7 to 10 . For example, the display module 11 can include a base substrate layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL, and a display apparatus layer (also referred to as a display element layer) DP-ED among the configurations of the display apparatuses DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c described with reference to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figures 7 to 10 . In addition, the display module 11 can further include at least one of an optical layer PP( Figure 2 ), an optical control layer CCL( Figure 7 and Figure 10 ), a color filter layer CFL( Figure 7 and Figure 10 ), and an optical auxiliary layer PL( Figure 9 ).

[0511] The electronic device EA can further include an input module 15, a non-image output module 16, and / or a communication module 17.

[0512] The input module 15 can provide input information to the processor 12 and / or the display module 11. The input module 15 can include various sensor modules as well as physical buttons, a keyboard, and a microphone. Examples of the sensor modules include a touch sensor, a pressure sensor, a distance sensor, a position sensor, a digitizer, a motion recognition sensor, a camera sensor, a photodetector, a photoelectric conversion sensor, a temperature sensor, and a biological sensor such as a blood pressure sensor, a blood sugar sensor, an electrocardiogram sensor, and a heart rate sensor.

[0513] The non-image output module 16 can receive information other than an image transmitted from the processor 12, and provide the information to a user. Examples of the non-image output module 16 include an audio module, a haptic module, and a light emitting module, etc., and can include other electronic device-specific functional modules (e.g., a cooling module of a cooler, etc.).

[0514] The communication module 17 is a module responsible for transmitting and receiving information between the electronic device EA and an external device, and can include a reception component and a transmission component. The communication module 17 can include various wireless communication modules such as a mobile communication module, a Wi-Fi module, and a Bluetooth module, or various wired communication modules.

[0515] At least one of the configurations of the electronic device EA may be included in the display device ( Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figures 7 to 10 In addition, some of the modules functionally included in one module may be included in the display device, and other modules may be provided separately from the display device. For example, the display device may include the display module 11, and the processor 12, memory 13, and power module 14 may be provided in the electronic device EA as other devices other than the display device.

[0516] Figure 15 and Figure 16 Schematic diagram showing an electronic device according to various embodiments. Figure 15 and Figure 16 , applying the display device according to the embodiment ( Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figures 7 to 10 Various electronic devices (including at least one of the display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c in the display device) may include not only image display electronic devices such as a smartphone 10_1a, a tablet personal computer (PC) 10_1b, a laptop computer 10_1c, a television (TV) 10_1d, and a desktop monitor 10_1e, but may also include wearable electronic devices having a display module such as smart glasses 10_2a, a head-mounted display 10_2b, and a smart watch 10_2c. However, these are examples, and the electronic devices according to the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0517] Hereinafter, compound X according to an embodiment, compound Y according to an embodiment, and a light emitting device according to an embodiment will be described in detail with reference to examples and comparative examples. The examples shown below are provided only to help understand the present disclosure, and the scope thereof is not limited thereto.

[0518] [Example]

[0519] 1. Exemplary compounds and comparative exemplary compounds

[0520] [Example Compounds]

[0521]

[0522] [Comparative Example Compounds]

[0523]

[0524] 2. Evaluation of properties of Example Compound 17 and Comparative Example Compound c1

[0525] In Table 1, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of each of Example Compound 17 and Comparative Example Compound cl, and the LUMO energy level difference between each of Example Compound 17 and Comparative Example Compound cl and the host compound are shown. The HOMO energy levels of the example compound, the comparative example compound, and the host material were measured using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The LUMO energy level was calculated by subtracting the optical band gap value from the HOMO energy level. As the LUMO energy level difference between the compound and the host material becomes smaller, electrons are more easily injected into the emission layer, so that the light-emitting efficiency can be improved.

[0526] [Table 1]

[0527]

[0528] Referring to the results in Table 1, the LUMO energy level of Example Compound 17 is -1.73 eV, which is greater than the LUMO energy level -1.78 eV of Comparative Example Compound cl. Thus, the difference in the LUMO energy level between the example compound and the host material is 0.05 eV, which is less than 0.1 eV. Therefore, in the light-emitting device including Example Compound 17 in the electron transport region, electrons can be easily injected into the emission layer, and the efficiency of the light-emitting device is expected to be improved, compared to the light-emitting device including Comparative Example Compound cl in the electron transport region.

[0529] 3. Manufacture and evaluation of light-emitting device

[0530] A light-emitting device according to Example 1 including Example Compound 17 according to the embodiment in the buffer layer and including Example Compound al according to the embodiment in the electron transport layer was manufactured by the following method. A light-emitting device according to Comparative Example 1 includes Comparative Example Compound cl in the buffer layer and Comparative Example Compound c2 in the electron transport layer. A light-emitting device according to Comparative Example 2 includes Comparative Example Compound cl in the buffer layer and Example Compound al in the electron transport layer. A light-emitting device according to Comparative Example 3 includes Comparative Example Compound cl in the buffer layer and Comparative Example Compound c3 in the electron transport layer. A light-emitting device according to Comparative Example 4 includes Example Compound 17 in the buffer layer and Comparative Example Compound c2 in the electron transport layer. A light-emitting device according to Comparative Example 5 includes Example Compound 17 in the buffer layer and Comparative Example Compound c3 in the electron transport layer.

[0531] (Manufacture of light-emitting device)

[0532] In the production of the light-emitting device according to Example 1, ITO was used to form the first electrode to a thickness of about 150 nm, a hole injection layer was formed on the first electrode with dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexanitrile (HAT-CN) to a thickness of about 10 nm, a hole transport layer was formed on the hole injection layer with N,N'-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)-2,2'-dimethylbenzidine (a-NPD) to a thickness of about 80 nm, an emission auxiliary layer was formed on the hole transport layer with 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP) to a thickness of about 5 nm, a host in which Compound E17 and Compound E21 were mixed at a ratio of about 50:50 was doped with about 2 wt% of the dopant compound FD4 to form an emission layer to a thickness of about 20 nm on the emission auxiliary layer, a buffer layer including Compound 17 was formed on the emission layer, an electron transport layer was formed on the buffer layer with the example compound al to a thickness of about 30 nm, an electron injection layer was formed on the electron transport layer with Yb to a thickness of about 0.5 nm, and a second electrode was formed on the electron injection layer with Al to a thickness of about 100 nm. Each layer was formed using a deposition method under a vacuum atmosphere. In the production of the light-emitting device according to Comparative Example 1, unlike the light-emitting device according to Example 1, the comparative example compound cl was used to form the buffer layer and the comparative example compound c2 was used to form the electron transport layer. In the production of the light-emitting device according to Comparative Example 2, unlike the light-emitting device according to Example 1, the comparative example compound cl was used to form the buffer layer and the comparative example compound c3 was used to form the electron transport layer. In the production of the light-emitting device according to Comparative Example 4, unlike the light-emitting device according to Example 1, the comparative example compound c2 was used to form the electron transport layer. In the production of the light-emitting device according to Comparative Example 5, unlike the light-emitting device according to Example 1, the comparative example compound c3 was used to form the electron transport layer.

[0533] The compounds used in the production of the light-emitting devices according to the examples and comparative examples are disclosed below. The following materials are materials in the related art, and commercial products are used for element production by purification through sublimation.

[0534]

[0535] (Evaluation of properties of electron transport region)

[0536] The electron mobility of each electron transport region according to Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 4 was obtained and is listed in Table 2. The electron mobility is defined as the ratio of the drift velocity of an electron to the applied electric field. As the electron mobility increases, the electron moves quickly at a certain voltage. The electron mobility is proportional to the square of the thickness of the electron transport region and the frequency, and is inversely proportional to the applied voltage.

[0537] [Table 2]

[0538] electron mobility (cm 2 / Vs)]]> Electron transport region of a light emitting device according to example 1 4.55E-06 Electron transport region of a light emitting device according to comparative example 1 4.42E-06 Electron transport region of a light emitting device according to comparative example 2 3.97E-06 Electron transport region of a light emitting device according to comparative example 4 4.78E-06

[0539] Referring to Table 2, the electron transport region of the light-emitting device according to Example 1 includes Example Compound 17 in the buffer layer and Example Compound a1 in the electron transport layer, and the mobility of the electron transport region is about 4.55E-06 cm 2 Vs. When the light-emitting device includes the electron transport region according to Example 1, the number of electrons injected into the emission layer per unit time is small, and thus the light-emitting device can have an improved lifespan, as compared with the light-emitting device including the electron transport region according to Comparative Example 4 having a relatively high mobility. When the light-emitting device includes the electron transport region according to Example 1, the number of electrons injected into the emission layer per unit time is large, and thus the light-emitting device can have an improved luminous efficiency, as compared with the light-emitting devices including the electron transport region according to Comparative Example 1 and the electron transport region according to Comparative Example 4, each having a relatively low mobility.

[0540] (Evaluation of Characteristics of Light-Emitting Device)

[0541] The light-emitting devices according to Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were evaluated, and the evaluation results are listed in Table 3. The driving voltage (V), the luminous efficiency (%), and the relative lifespan (T97) of the manufactured light-emitting devices were evaluated, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[0542] In the evaluation results of the characteristics of the light-emitting devices according to the examples and comparative examples shown in Table 3, the evaluation of the driving voltage was performed using a V7000 OLED IVL test system, which is a product of Polaronix Corporation. The luminous efficiency and the relative lifespan were measured at a current density of about 10 mA / cm 2 The relative lifespan (T97) was measured using a C9920-12, which is an external quantum efficiency measuring instrument of HAMAMATSU Photonics, K.K. The time taken for the initial luminance of 800 cd / m 2 to decrease to 97% was measured as the lifespan. The luminous efficiency and the relative lifespan (T97) were relatively calculated with respect to the value of the light-emitting device according to Comparative Example 1 as 100%.

[0543] [Table 3]

[0544]

[0545]

[0546] Reference Figure 3It can be confirmed that the light-emitting device according to Example 1 has improved luminous efficiency and at the same time has improved lifetime characteristics compared to each of the light-emitting devices according to Comparative Examples 1 to 2. The compound X according to the embodiment includes spiro[fluorene-9,9'-xanthene] as a core moiety, and includes a first nitrogen-containing substituent including two or more nitrogen atoms bonded to spiro[fluorene-9,9'-xanthene] via a linking group. In a conventional organic light-emitting device in which the difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the material included in the electron transport region and the LUMO energy level of the host included in the emission layer is greater than about 0.1 eV, electrons are not easily injected from the electron transport region to the emission layer, and thus there is a limitation in which luminous efficiency is reduced. In the light-emitting device according to the embodiment, the difference between the LUMO energy levels between the compound X having the above structure and the host compound represented by Formula E-1 included in the emission layer is less than 0.1 eV, and thus electrons can be easily injected from the electron transport region to the emission layer. As the number of electrons injected into the light-emitting layer per unit time increases, the luminous efficiency of the organic light-emitting device can be improved, and thus the light-emitting device ED according to the embodiment has improved luminous efficiency because the compound X is included in the electron transport region.

[0547] The compound Y according to the embodiment includes benzyl cyanide as a core moiety and a plurality of second nitrogen-containing substituents bonded to benzyl cyanide through a linking group. The second nitrogen-containing substituent includes two or more nitrogen atoms. In the electron transport region of a conventional organic light-emitting device, because the electron mobility is high, an excessive number of electrons are injected into the emission layer, and thus there is a limitation in which the organic light-emitting device has a shortened lifetime. The balance between holes and electrons in the emission layer of a light-emitting device is an important factor in the luminous efficiency and the lifetime of the light-emitting device. In order to adjust the balance between holes and electrons in the emission layer, appropriate electron mobility of the electron transport region is required. The electron transport region of the light-emitting device according to the embodiment includes the compound X in the buffer layer and at the same time includes the compound Y in the electron transport layer, which increases the number of electrons moving to the emission layer by reducing the energy barrier between the light-emitting layer and the electron transport region, but can improve the luminous efficiency and the lifetime of the light-emitting device by preventing an excessive number of electrons from moving to the emission layer.

[0548] The light-emitting device according to Comparative Example 1 exhibited a decrease in both luminous efficiency and lifetime characteristics compared to the light-emitting device according to Example 1. The difference between the LUMO level of the compound contained in the buffer layer and the host compound according to Comparative Example 1 was about 0.1 eV, and the difference between the LUMO level of the compound contained in the buffer layer and the host compound according to Example 1 was about 0.05 eV, which is less than about 0.1 eV. Thus, in the light-emitting device according to Comparative Example 1, electrons are difficult to inject into the emission layer compared to the light-emitting device according to Example 1, and thus its luminous efficiency decreases.

[0549] The light-emitting device according to Comparative Example 2 exhibited a decrease in luminous efficiency compared to the light-emitting device according to Example 1. The difference between the LUMO level of the compound contained in the buffer layer and the host compound according to Comparative Example 2 was about 0.1 eV, and the difference between the LUMO level of the compound contained in the buffer layer and the host compound according to Example 1 was about 0.05 eV, which is less than about 0.1 eV. Thus, in the light-emitting device according to Comparative Example 2, electrons are difficult to inject into the emission layer compared to the light-emitting device according to Example 1, and thus its luminous efficiency decreases.

[0550] The light-emitting device according to Comparative Example 3 exhibited a decrease in luminous efficiency compared to the light-emitting device according to Example 1. The difference between the LUMO level of the compound contained in the buffer layer and the host compound according to Comparative Example 3 was about 0.1 eV, and the difference between the LUMO level of the compound contained in the buffer layer and the host compound according to Example 1 was about 0.05 eV, which is less than about 0.1 eV. Thus, in the light-emitting device according to Comparative Example 3, electrons are difficult to inject into the emission layer compared to the light-emitting device according to Example 1, and thus its luminous efficiency decreases.

[0551] The light-emitting device according to Comparative Example 4 exhibited a decrease in both luminous efficiency and lifetime compared to the light-emitting device according to Example 1. The electron mobility of the electron transport layer and the electron injection layer was higher than the mobility of the electron transport layer of the light-emitting device according to Example 1, and thus charge balance in the emission layer of the light-emitting device was difficult to maintain, and thus the light-emitting device had a decreased luminous efficiency.

[0552] The light-emitting device according to Comparative Example 5 exhibited a decrease in luminous efficiency compared to the light-emitting device according to Example 1. The mobility of the electron transport layer and the electron injection layer was higher than the mobility of the electron transport layer of the light-emitting device according to Example 1, and thus charge balance in the emission layer of the light-emitting device was difficult to maintain, and thus the light-emitting device had a decreased luminous efficiency.

[0553] The light-emitting device according to the embodiment can exhibit improved element characteristics of high efficiency and long lifetime.

[0554] The light emitting device according to the embodiments can exhibit excellent display quality.

[0555] Embodiments have been disclosed herein and, although the terms are employed in the description, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, unless otherwise specifically indicated. In some instances, as will be apparent to those ordinary skilled in the art, features, characteristics or elements described in connection with an embodiment can be used singly or in combination with features, characteristics or elements described in connection with other embodiments, unless otherwise specifically indicated. Accordingly, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that, in light of the overall disclosure, various changes in form and details can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as set forth in the claims.

Claims

1. A light emitting device, comprising: The light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; an emission layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode; and an electron transport region provided between the emission layer and the second electrode, wherein the electron transport region includes: a compound X represented by Formula X; and a compound Y represented by Formula Y: [Formula X] wherein, in Formula X, L1is a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, Ar1is a group represented by Formula X-a, R1to R4are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, n1is an integer of 0 to 3, n2to n4are each independently an integer of 0 to 4, m1is an integer of 1 to 4, and the sum of n1and m1is an integer of 1 to 4; [Formula X-a] wherein, in Formula X-a, X1to X5are each independently C(R x ) or N, provided that at least two of X1to X5are each N, R x is a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having from 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, and represents a bond with formula X; [Formula Y] wherein, in Formula Y, L 10 substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having from 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, Ar 10 is a group represented by the formula Y-a, R 10 is a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having from 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, n10is an integer of 0 to 3, m10is an integer of 2 to 5, and the sum of n10and m10is an integer of 2 to 5; [Formula Y-a] wherein, in Formula Y-a, Y1to Y5are each independently C(R y ) or N, provided that at least two of Y1to Y5are each N, R y is a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having from 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, and represents a bond to formula Y.

2. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the compound X is represented by one of Formulas X-1 to X-4: [Formula X-1] [Formula X-2] [Formula X-3] [Formula X-4] wherein, in Formulas X-1 to X-4, n11is an integer of 0 to 3, and Ar1, R1to R4, L1, and n2to n4are the same as defined in Formula X.

3. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the emission layer includes a first host compound represented by Formula E-1, and a difference between a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the first host compound and a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the compound X is less than 0.1 eV: [Formula E-1] wherein, in Formula E-1, R 31 to R 40 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or bonds with an adjacent group to form a ring, and c and d are each independently an integer of 0 to 5.

4. The light-emitting device according to claim 3, wherein the emission layer further includes a second host compound independently represented by Formula E-1, and the first host compound and the second host compound are different.

5. The light emitting device of claim 4, wherein, at least one of the first host compound and the second host compound includes a deuterium atom.

6. The light-emitting device according to claim 3, wherein the emission layer includes a first dopant compound that emits blue light, and the first dopant compound includes a boron atom.

7. The light emitting device of claim 6, wherein, the first dopant compound is represented by Formula F-c or Formula F-d: [Formula F-c] wherein, in Formula F-c, A1and A2are each independently O, S, Se, or N(R m ), R m is a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or binds with an adjacent group to form a ring, and R1to R 11 each independently is a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxygen group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfur group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having from 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or is bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring; [Formula F-d] wherein, in Formula F-d, A1and A2are each independently O, S, Se, or N(R m ), R m is a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or binds with an adjacent group to form a ring, and R1to R 11 each independently is a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxygen group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfur group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having from 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or is bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring.

8. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein In Formula X-a, R x is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

9. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein In formula X-a, R x is a group represented by one of formulae x-a1 to x-a18: wherein, in Formulas x-a1 to x-a18, represents the bond to Formula X-a.

10. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the compound X is selected from Compound Group 1-1: [Compound Group 1-1] 11. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein In formula Y, R 10 is a hydrogen atom.

12. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein, In formula Y, L 10 is unsubstituted phenylene.

13. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein in Formula Y-a, Y1, Y3, and Y5are each N, and Y2and Y4are each H. Y2and Y4are each independently C(R y ) or N.

14. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein, In formula Y-a, R y is unsubstituted phenyl.

15. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein, Compound Y is selected from compound group 1-2: [Compound Group 1-2] 16. The light emitting device of claim 1, wherein, The light-emitting device further includes a hole transport region disposed between the emission layer and the first electrode.

17. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein The electron transport region comprises: a buffer layer, disposed on the emission layer; an electron transport layer, disposed between the buffer layer and the second electrode; and an electron injection layer, disposed between the electron transport layer and the second electrode, The buffer layer includes compound X, and The electron transport layer includes compound Y.

18. An electronic device, comprising: The electronic device comprises: a circuit layer disposed on the substrate layer, and The display element layer is provided on the circuit layer and includes a light emitting device, wherein: The light emitting device comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; a bottom emission structure comprising a first bottom functional layer, a first emission layer, and a first top functional layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode in the following order; a top light-emitting structure comprising a second bottom functional layer, a second emission layer, and a second top functional layer disposed on the bottom light-emitting structure in the following order; and a charge generation layer disposed between the bottom emission structure and the top emission structure and including an n-type charge generation layer and a p-type charge generation layer, and At least one of the first top functional layer and the second top functional layer includes a compound X represented by Formula X and a compound Y represented by Formula Y: [Formula X] Wherein, in formula X, L1 is a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, Ar1 is a group represented by formula Xa, R1 to R4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, n1 is an integer from 0 to 3, n2 to n4 are each independently an integer from 0 to 4, m1 is an integer from 1 to 4, and The sum of n1 and m1 is an integer from 1 to 4; [Formula Xa] Wherein, in Formula Xa, X1to X5are each independently C(R x ) or N, Provided that at least two of X1 to X5 are each N, R x is a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having from 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, and represents a bond to Formula X; [Formula Y] Wherein, in formula Y, L 10 substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having from 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, Ar 10 is a group represented by the formula Y-a, R 10 is a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having from 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, n10 is an integer from 0 to 3, m10 is an integer from 2 to 5, and The sum of n10 and m10 is an integer from 2 to 5; [Formula Ya] Among them, in formula Ya, Y1to Y5are each independently C(R y ) or N, Provided that at least two of Y1 to Y5 are each N, R y is a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having from 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, and represents a bond to formula Y.

19. The electronic device according to claim 18, wherein At least one of the first emitting layer and the second emitting layer includes a first dopant compound that emits blue light, and The first dopant compound includes boron atoms.

20. The electronic device according to claim 18, wherein At least one of the first emission layer and the second emission layer each independently includes a host compound represented by Formula E-1, and the difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the host compound and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of compound X is less than 0.1 eV; [Formula E-1] wherein, in Formula E-1, R 31 to R 40 each independently is a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfonyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or binds with an adjacent group to form a ring, and c and d are each independently an integer of 0 to 5.

Images