Intensive seedling breeding device for modular three-dimensional cultivation and intelligent environment regulation and control

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of seedling breeding, and discloses an intensive seedling breeding device with modular three-dimensional cultivation and intelligent environment regulation and control, which comprises a seedling breeding frame, a plurality of layers of hole trays are placed in the seedling breeding frame, each hole tray is composed of a plurality of seedling breeding hole arrays, and a plurality of hole holes are formed in the bottom of each seedling breeding hole; the intensive seedling breeding device for modular three-dimensional cultivation and intelligent environment regulation and control further comprises an adjusting assembly and a ventilation assembly which correspond to the hole trays, and a transmission assembly is installed on one side of the adjusting assembly and one side of the ventilation assembly. The air guide piece reciprocates in the seedling culture substrate, a micro cavity is actively created, rotational flow is generated, substrate hardening is effectively broken, the root domain gas exchange efficiency is remarkably enhanced, the problem of internal oxygen deficit easily occurring in a traditional static environment is avoided through a direct intervention type turbulent flow ventilation mode, root rotting, stiff seedlings and excessive growth can be effectively prevented, and the seedling culture efficiency is improved. A uniform and oxygen-enriched substrate environment is provided for healthy growth of root systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seedling propagation technology, and in particular to an intensive seedling propagation device with modular three-dimensional cultivation and intelligent environmental control. Background Technology

[0002] As modern agriculture develops towards intensification and intelligence, three-dimensional cultivation and facility seedling technology have become important means to improve agricultural production efficiency. The core of intensive seedling production lies in achieving efficient and large-scale production of seedlings in a limited space. Its success depends heavily on the precise control of factors such as temperature, light, water, and air in the seedling environment. Among these factors, the oxygen supply to the roots is the key to affecting the robustness and survival rate of seedlings, which is directly related to the growth potential and final yield of subsequent transplanting.

[0003] However, existing seedling cultivation devices still have significant limitations in terms of gas environment control. Existing equipment cannot simultaneously and accurately control the amount of air and airflow speed in the seedling holes. Its ventilation design mainly acts on the outside of the substrate, which is difficult to effectively improve the dead zones of gas exchange caused by internal compaction. At the same time, static ventilation cannot break up substrate compaction, which can easily lead to the formation of an oxygen-deficient environment inside the substrate, resulting in problems such as root rot, stunted seedlings, and excessive growth. It is also easy to cause excessive ventilation in the early stage, leading to substrate drying and insufficient oxygen supply when the root system develops later. Secondly, there is a lack of integrated and linked control structure. Multiple components need to be operated manually, and the timing and intensity of control depend on experience. It cannot dynamically adapt to the different growth stages of seedlings from germination to hardening, which reduces the uniformity and survival rate of seedlings and restricts the efficiency and stability of intensive production. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Given that existing technologies suffer from the problem that static and empirical ventilation cannot match the dynamic oxygen demand of seedlings, resulting in uneven oxygen supply to the root zone and the presence of oxygen-deficient dead zones within the substrate, a modular three-dimensional cultivation and intelligent environmental control intensive seedling propagation device is proposed.

[0005] Its purpose is to dynamically and precisely regulate the oxygen supply in the seedling root zone through a mechanical linkage system, thereby effectively preventing root rot and improving seedling quality and survival rate.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is an intensive seedling propagation device for modular three-dimensional cultivation and intelligent environmental control, including a seedling rack, inside which are placed several layers of seedling trays, each seedling tray consisting of an array of seedling holes, and the bottom of each seedling hole having several holes. The intensive seedling propagation device for modular three-dimensional cultivation and intelligent environmental control also includes an adjustment component and a ventilation component corresponding to the seedling trays. A transmission component is installed on one side of the adjustment component and the ventilation component. The adjustment component controls the amount of air inside the seedling hole, the ventilation component controls the airflow speed inside the seedling hole, and the transmission component synchronously links the adjustment component and the ventilation component. The adjustment assembly includes an adjustment plate installed below the corresponding seedling tray, a connecting rod corresponding to the seedling hole is fixedly installed on the top of the adjustment plate, and a sealing plate is fixedly installed on the top of the connecting rod; The ventilation assembly includes several air guide cavities fixed inside the seedling rack. Each air guide cavity corresponds to a seedling hole and is fitted around the periphery of the corresponding seedling hole. The bottom of each air guide cavity has a ventilation hole that fits into the sealing plate. The ventilation assembly also includes a lifting plate disposed between the air guide cavity and the adjusting plate. The top of the lifting plate is fixedly provided with an air guide component corresponding to the air guide cavity. The air guide component is inserted into the hole and moves up and down inside the hole to adjust the internal airflow speed. The transmission assembly includes several convex plates and a turntable located above the corresponding convex plates. The peripheral side of the convex plate is in contact with the side of the corresponding adjustment plate, and the top of the turntable is in contact with the bottom of the corresponding lifting plate. Each convex plate and the turntable are fixedly connected by a rotating rod that rotates in conjunction with the seedling rack.

[0007] Furthermore, the adjusting plate and the seedling rack are slidably fitted together, and the adjusting plate and the seedling rack are connected by a first elastic element.

[0008] Furthermore, the air guide includes a connecting plate fixedly installed on the top of the lifting plate, and a plurality of connecting pipes corresponding to the holes are fixedly installed on the top of the connecting plate. The connecting pipes penetrate into the interior of the corresponding air guide cavity, and a conical moving cavity communicating with the interior of the connecting pipe is fixedly installed on the top of the connecting pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, the conical moving cavity is composed of an upper conical cavity and a lower conical cavity. The upper conical cavity has a spiral groove on its circumferential side. The spiral groove and the lower conical cavity both have several air guide holes. The spiral grooves on the top of the same connecting plate are arranged alternately in opposite directions.

[0010] Furthermore, a limiting plate is fixedly installed inside the conical moving cavity, and several air inlets are opened on the top of the limiting plate, with one-way valves installed inside the air inlets.

[0011] Furthermore, a conical plug is slidably disposed inside the conical moving cavity at the top of the limiting plate, and a sleeve is fixedly disposed at the bottom of the conical plug, penetrating the limiting plate and slidingly engaging with the inner wall of the connecting pipe. A second elastic element is fixedly disposed at the bottom of the conical plug inside the sleeve, and a sleeve rod is fixedly disposed at the bottom of the second elastic element, slidingly engaging with the inside of the sleeve. A T-shaped block is fixedly disposed on one side of the lifting plate at the top of the turntable.

[0012] Furthermore, a fan-shaped plate is fixedly provided on the top of the turntable, and several protrusions are fixedly provided on the top of the fan-shaped plate. Arc-shaped inclined plates are fixedly provided on both sides of the fan-shaped plate. The bottom of the rotating rod extends through to the bottom of the seedling rack and is fixedly equipped with a handwheel, and a bolt is rotatably installed at the bottom of the handwheel.

[0013] Furthermore, the seedling rack includes several vertical rods placed on the ground, the lifting plate is slidably engaged with the corresponding vertical rods, the vertical rods are connected by several horizontal rods, and a guide frame corresponding to the adjustment plate is fixedly installed between each vertical rod. The guide frame is located below the corresponding convex plate, the top of the guide frame is slidably engaged with the bottom of the corresponding adjustment plate, and an environmental monitoring and adjustment system is installed on the top of the guide frame. Several L-shaped rods are fixedly installed on the inner side of the guide frame, and a positioning frame is fixedly installed between the L-shaped rods. The positioning frame is located at the bottom of the corresponding lifting plate, and the sleeve rod passes through to the bottom of the corresponding lifting plate and is fixedly connected to the positioning frame.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The air guide of the present invention reciprocates inside the seedling substrate, actively creating microcavities and generating swirling airflow, effectively breaking up substrate compaction, significantly enhancing root zone gas exchange efficiency, and the direct intervention turbulent ventilation method avoids the internal hypoxia problem that is prone to occur in traditional static environments, effectively preventing root rot, stunted seedlings and excessive growth, and providing a uniform and oxygen-rich substrate environment for healthy root growth.

[0015] 2. This invention allows for simultaneous adjustment of the ventilation hole opening and the lifting range of the air guide by rotating a single handwheel, achieving progressive and precise control of the oxygen supply and flow rate in the seedling hole. The ventilation intensity can be adjusted according to different growth stages of the seedlings, avoiding excessive ventilation in the early stage that could lead to substrate drying, while also meeting the high oxygen consumption requirements of the later-developed root system, significantly improving the uniformity and robustness of seedlings.

[0016] 3. This invention enables high-density intensive seedling cultivation in a limited space, and can dynamically optimize the root zone gas environment without relying on human experience. The overall structure is reliable and easy to operate, effectively reducing environmental fluctuations and improving seedling efficiency and survival rate, providing a stable and efficient solution for factory-scale seedling cultivation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the entire invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall front view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall front cross-sectional structure of the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the diagram; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cooperation structure between the seedling rack and the air guide cavity of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the seedling rack and air guide cavity of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the seedling tray of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the cooperation structure between the adjustment component and the ventilation component of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a front view schematic diagram of the cooperation between the adjustment component and the ventilation component of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the air guide component of the present invention; Figure 11 for Figure 10 Enlarged structural diagram at point B; Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the air guide component of the present invention; Figure 13 for Figure 12 Enlarged structural diagram at point C; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the transmission assembly of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a bottom view of the overall cross-sectional structure of the transmission assembly of the present invention; Figure 16 This is a bottom view of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the mating structure of the connecting disk and the T-shaped block according to the present invention.

[0018] In the picture: 1. Seedling rack; 2. Seedling tray; 3. Seedling hole; 4. Seedling hole; 5. Adjustment component; 501. Adjustment plate; 502. Connecting rod; 503. Sealing plate; 504. First elastic element; 6. Ventilation component; 601. Air guide cavity; 602. Ventilation hole; 603. Lifting plate; 604. Connecting plate; 605. Connecting pipe; 606. Conical moving cavity; 607. Spiral groove; 608. Air guide hole; 609. Limiting plate; 610. Air inlet hole; 611. Conical plug; 612. Sleeve; 613. Second elastic element; 614. Sleeve rod; 615. T-block; 7. Transmission assembly; 701. Convex plate; 702. Turntable; 703. Rotating rod; 704. Sector plate; 705. Protrusion; 706. Arc-shaped inclined plate; 707. Handwheel; 8. Air guide; 9. Vertical rod; 10. Horizontal rod; 11. Guide frame; 12. Environmental monitoring and control system; 13. L-shaped rod; 14. Positioning frame. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Example 1, referring to Figures 1-17This first embodiment of the invention provides an intensive seedling propagation device for modular three-dimensional cultivation and intelligent environmental control. It includes a seedling rack 1, inside which are placed several layers of seedling trays 2. Each seedling tray 2 is composed of an array of seedling holes 3, with several holes 4 at the bottom. It also includes an adjustment component 5 and a ventilation component 6 corresponding to the seedling trays 2. A transmission component 7 is installed on one side of the adjustment component 5 and the ventilation component 6. The adjustment component 5 controls the air volume inside the seedling holes 3, and the ventilation component 6 controls the airflow speed inside the seedling holes 3. The transmission component 7 synchronously links the adjustment component 5 and the ventilation component 6, ensuring the synchronicity of airflow and velocity changes. This integrated design avoids the high cost, high failure rate, and asynchronous control problems caused by using multiple motors for separate control, improving the system's reliability and consistency. The adjustment component 5 includes an adjustment plate 501 installed below the corresponding seedling tray 2, with the top of the adjustment plate 501 fixed... A connecting rod 502 corresponding to the seedling hole 3 is fixedly provided, and a sealing plate 503 is fixedly provided on the top of the connecting rod 502; the ventilation component 6 includes several air guide chambers 601 fixed inside the seedling rack 1, each air guide chamber 601 corresponding to a seedling hole 3 and fitted around the corresponding seedling hole 3. The bottom of the air guide chamber 601 has a ventilation hole 602 that fits against the sealing plate 503. The ventilation component 6 also includes a lifting plate 603 disposed between the air guide chamber 601 and the adjusting plate 501, and the top of the lifting plate 603 is fixedly provided. A guide element 8 corresponding to the air guide cavity 601 is fixedly provided. The guide element 8 is inserted into the hole 4 and moves up and down inside the hole 4 to adjust the flow speed of the internal air. The transmission component 7 includes several protruding plates 701 and a turntable 702 located above the corresponding protruding plate 701. The peripheral side of the protruding plate 701 is in contact with the side of the corresponding adjustment plate 501, and the top of the turntable 702 is in contact with the bottom of the corresponding lifting plate 603. Each protruding plate 701 and the turntable 702 are fixedly connected by a rotating rod 703 that rotates with the seedling rack 1.

[0021] Specifically, in the initial state, the sealing plate 503 is attached to the corresponding ventilation hole 602, and the seedling tray 2 filled with substrate and sown with seedling seeds is placed on the seedling rack 1. The seedling rack 1 has three layers, with two seedling trays 2 placed on each layer. Figure 1As shown, a multi-layer seedling rack 1 is adopted, making full use of vertical space and increasing the seedling capacity per unit area several times, achieving efficient and intensive production. The seedling holes 3 are inserted into the corresponding air guide cavity 601, and the bottom of the seedling holes 3 is attached to the air guide component 8. Then, the control rotating rod 703 rotates, causing each convex plate 701 and turntable 702 to rotate slowly. The convex plate 701 horizontally pushes the corresponding adjusting plate 501, causing each connecting rod 502 to move horizontally. The corresponding sealing plate 503 slowly moves and gradually misaligns with the corresponding ventilation hole 602. At this time, the ventilation hole 602 is slowly opened, and external air enters the air guide cavity 601 through the ventilation hole 602 and enters the mechanism of the seedling hole 3 along the hole 4. During this process, the turntable 702 rotates, and the lifting plate 603 is pushed by the turntable 702. The compression mechanism slowly rises, and the air guide 8 slowly rises and inserts into the corresponding seedling hole 3. The air guide 8 is at the bottom of the seedling hole 3. Then, the rotating rod 703 continues to rotate, driving the various convex plates 701 and the turntable 702 to continue rotating. At this time, the lifting plate 603 moves up and down under the action of the top structure of the turntable 702. During the lifting process, the air guide 8 continuously moves up and down, forming tiny cavities at the bottom of the substrate. The air around the air guide 8 is accelerated by the lifting action, making the air flow evenly inside the substrate. It creates microcavities in the substrate and disturbs the air, controlling the flow speed and uniformity of the air inside the dense substrate. At the same time, the adjusting plate 501 moves continuously, and the ventilation hole 602 is gradually opened to the size required in the early stage of seedling growth. Then, the rotation rod 703 stops. During the process, the ventilation holes 602 continuously supply the air required by the seedling roots. As the seedling roots grow, their oxygen demand increases. At this point, the rotating rod 703 is controlled to rotate, causing the convex plates 701 and the turntable 702 to slowly rotate, gradually enlarging the ventilation holes 602. Simultaneously, the air guide 8 continuously rises and falls, increasing the airflow velocity until the ventilation holes 602 are adjusted to provide the required oxygen to the roots. Towards the end of the seedling cultivation period, when the seedlings are about to complete cultivation, the ventilation holes 602 are fully opened until the entire seedling cultivation process is complete. Throughout this process, the optimal gas environment for the root zone can be automatically and synchronously provided by simply controlling the rotation of the rotating rod 703, according to different stages of seedling growth. After cultivation is complete, the rotating rod 703 is then controlled to continue rotating. When the adjusting plate 501 passes the end of the convex plate 701 and returns to its initial position, the lifting plate 603 simultaneously returns to its initial position. Then, the seedling tray 2 is removed. If further cultivation is needed, another batch of seedling trays 2 can be placed in. This effectively and completely changes the extensive mode of relying either on a constant gas environment or on manual experience for control during seedling cultivation. This process provides dynamic, gradual, and precise oxygen supply throughout the entire life cycle of seedlings, from seed germination and root growth to hardening. In the early stages, it avoids excessive ventilation leading to substrate drying and temperature fluctuations, while in the later stages, it meets the high oxygen consumption requirements of the developed root system. This greatly optimizes the seedling environment and effectively prevents problems such as root rot, stunted growth, and excessive vegetative growth caused by oxygen deficiency at the bottom of the substrate. Healthy roots mean stronger absorption capacity for water and nutrients, thereby shortening the seedling cycle.This technology improves seedling uniformity, robustness, and survival rate, laying a solid foundation for subsequent transplanting and high yields. Simultaneously, the unique air guide design directly intervenes within the substrate, physically breaking up substrate compaction, creating micropores, and forcing gas renewal. This prevents oxygen deficiency within the substrate under static conditions, ensuring a uniform and optimal root growth environment.

[0022] Reference Figures 8-13 and Figure 17 The adjusting plate 501 and the seedling rack 1 are slidably engaged. The adjusting plate 501 and the seedling rack 1 are connected by the first elastic element 504. After cultivation is completed, the rotating rod 703 is controlled to rotate. At this time, the adjusting plate 501 passes over the end of the convex plate 701. Under the action of the first elastic element 504, the adjusting plate 501 returns to the initial position. Then, the seedling tray 2 is removed. If cultivation is to continue, another batch of seedling trays 2 can be placed in. The air guide 8 includes a connecting plate 604 fixedly installed on the top of the lifting plate 603. Several connecting pipes 605 corresponding to the seedling holes 4 are fixedly installed on the top of the connecting plate 604. The connecting pipes 605 penetrate into the interior of the corresponding air guide cavity 601. A conical moving cavity 606 communicating with the interior of the connecting pipe 605 is fixedly installed on the top of the connecting pipe 605.

[0023] Specifically, during the movement of the lifting plate 603, the connecting plate 604, connecting pipe 605, and conical moving cavity 606 all move upward synchronously with the lifting plate 603. The initial upward movement of the lifting plate 603 is to insert the conical moving cavity 606 into the substrate of the seedling hole 3. During subsequent lifting and reciprocating movements of the lifting plate 603, the conical moving cavity 606 remains inside the substrate of the seedling hole 3, forming a ventilated microcavity as the lifting plate 603 reciprocates. The conical tip design of the conical moving cavity 606 allows it to easily insert into the moist and dense substrate during the initial upward movement. In the substrate, resistance is greatly reduced, avoiding excessive damage to the substrate structure. Its conical sidewalls can more effectively squeeze the surrounding substrate during the lifting and lowering process, thereby forming a relatively stable and unobstructed microcavity at the bottom of the substrate. This active disturbance greatly enhances the gas diffusion rate inside the substrate, and the effect is far better than static ventilation. Compared with sharp or straight cylindrical structures, the conical design causes less shear damage to the surrounding roots when moving, which is more friendly. At the same time, the conical moving cavity 606 is small and is not enough to push out the substrate in the seedling hole 3 when moving back and forth.

[0024] Reference Figures 3-13The conical moving cavity 606 consists of an upper conical cavity and a lower conical cavity. A spiral groove 607 is formed on the circumferential side of the upper conical cavity. Several air guide holes 608 are formed inside the spiral groove 607 and on the circumferential side of the lower conical cavity. The spiral grooves 607 on the top of the same connecting plate 604 are arranged alternately in opposite directions. A limiting plate 609 is fixedly installed inside the conical moving cavity 606. Several air inlets 610 are formed on the top of the limiting plate 609. A one-way valve is installed inside each air inlet 610. The one-way valve is existing technology and is not shown in the figure. The one-way valve prevents high-pressure air from flowing back into the lower conical cavity during the exhaust stage, ensuring that all fresh air is forced into the matrix, thus guaranteeing… Ventilation efficiency: A conical plug 611, made of rubber, is slidably disposed inside the conical moving cavity 606 at the top of the limiting plate 609. When the conical plug 611 moves relative to the conical moving cavity 606, it contracts inward according to the inner wall of the conical moving cavity 606, ensuring that the conical plug 611 always fits snugly against the conical moving cavity 606 without causing obstruction. As the conical moving cavity 606 reciprocates up and down, the conical plug 611 continuously expands and contracts the cavity, generating a pumping effect. During descent, it expels the humid, carbon dioxide-rich air accumulated inside the substrate; during ascent, it draws fresh air from the air guide cavity 601 into the cavity. This allows it to permeate through the cavity wall into the surrounding matrix. A sleeve 612, penetrating the limiting disc 609 and slidingly engaging with the inner wall of the connecting pipe 605, is fixedly installed at the bottom of the conical plug 611. A second elastic element 613, located inside the sleeve 612, is fixedly installed at the bottom of the second elastic element 613, and a sleeve rod 614, slidingly engaging with the inside of the sleeve 612, is fixedly installed on one side of the lifting plate 603. A T-shaped block 615, located at the top of the turntable 702, is fixedly installed on one side of the sleeve 612. An insertion interface is provided on the circumferential side of the sleeve 612, and a limiting opening is provided on the circumferential side of the sleeve rod 614. A third elastic element is fixedly installed inside the limiting opening. The other end is fixedly provided with a plug rod, which is adapted to the size of the plug interface. An electromagnet is installed inside the limiting port, and a permanent magnet is installed at the end of the plug rod. The electromagnet and the permanent magnet are magnetically attracted to each other. In the initial state, the plug rod and the plug interface are misaligned and the plug interface is below the plug rod. At this time, the plug rod is pressed into the limiting port. When the seedling cultivation ends and the sleeve 612 moves downward to reset, the electromagnet is driven to control the plug rod to move into the limiting port, thereby releasing the lock between the sleeve 612 and the sleeve rod 614. Then the sleeve 612 can be controlled to move downward. The plug rod, plug interface, electromagnet and permanent magnet are all existing technologies and are not shown in the figure.

[0025] Specifically, during the movement of the lifting plate 603, the limiting plate 609 moves upward. During the initial rise of the lifting plate 603, i.e., during the insertion of the conical moving cavity 606 into the substrate of the seedling hole 3, the conical plug 611 adheres to the limiting plate 609 and moves upward under the action of the limiting plate 609. The second elastic element 613 is stretched, and at the same time, the sleeve 612 moves upward along the connecting pipe 605 and the sleeve rod 614. The insertion interface moves upward with the sleeve 612. When the conical moving cavity 606 is inserted into the substrate of the seedling hole 3, the insertion interface coincides with the insertion rod. At this time, under the action of the third elastic element, the insertion rod is inserted into the insertion interface. At this time, the sleeve rod 614 and the... The sleeve 612 is locked in position, meaning both the conical plug 611 and the sleeve rod 614 are locked. At this time, the conical plug 611 remains stationary when the lifting plate 603 moves. This is a highly intelligent design. Locking the conical plug 611 during the insertion of the substrate into the conical moving cavity 606 ensures the stability and smoothness of the insertion action, avoids uncertainties caused by internal moving parts, and ensures that the initial cavity can be perfectly formed. After insertion, it automatically locks, and the device enters the high-efficiency pump suction working mode. After the seedling cultivation is completed, the lock can be released by electromagnetic control for easy reset. The entire process is fully automatic without manual intervention, with high reliability, reflecting a high degree of intelligence.

[0026] After the conical moving cavity 606 is inserted into the substrate of the seedling hole 3, the lifting plate 603 is controlled to first descend and then rise, and the conical moving cavity 606 descends and then rises. At this time, the conical plug 611 corresponds to the lifting plate 603, which first rises and then descends. External air enters along the hole 4. When the conical plug 611 rises, the air around the lower conical cavity is drawn into the lower conical cavity along the air guide hole 608 on the surface and enters the upper conical cavity along the one-way valve. When the conical plug 611 rises to the highest position, the conical moving cavity 606 rises. As the conical plug 611 moves downwards, the air inside the upper conical cavity is compressed by the plug and discharged into the external substrate through the air guide holes 608 of the spiral groove 607. The alternating reverse arrangement of the spiral grooves 607 ensures that the discharged airflow is not straight up and down, but rather rotating and intertwined. This creates a three-dimensional, uniform airflow field within the substrate, preventing the formation of dead zones. The mutual disturbance of airflows in different directions further promotes the uniform distribution of air throughout the entire seedling substrate, ensuring that each seedling receives adequate ventilation. The root environment of the seedlings is uniform, which improves the uniformity of the seedlings. The conical plug 611 descends to the lowest position. Then, the conical moving cavity 606 is controlled to move down and then up in the same way as described above. Relative to the conical moving cavity 606, the conical plug 611 is controlled to rise and then move down, thereby realizing the air flow speed inside the substrate. The whole process realizes directional and efficient pump-suction forced ventilation. In the air intake stage, when the conical plug 611 rises relative to the outside, fresh air is actively drawn into the lower conical cavity and stored in the upper conical cavity through the one-way valve, avoiding gas mixing. In the air exhaust stage, when the conical plug 611 descends relative to the outside, the stored fresh air is squeezed by the conical plug 611 and forced to be discharged through the air guide hole 608 on the spiral groove 607. The spiral groove 607 is designed to generate vortexes in the airflow, which can penetrate into the surrounding substrate more evenly and widely, greatly improving the efficiency and thoroughness of gas exchange, ensuring that the roots deepest in the substrate can also obtain sufficient oxygen, while efficiently expelling harmful carbon dioxide and moisture to avoid root rot. The rest of the structure is the same as the structure of Example 1.

[0027] Example 2, refer to Figures 1-7 and Figures 15-17This is the second embodiment of the present invention, which differs from the first embodiment in that: a fan-shaped plate 704 is fixedly installed on the top of the turntable 702, and several protrusions 705 are fixedly installed on the top of the fan-shaped plate 704. Arc-shaped inclined plates 706 are fixedly installed on both sides of the fan-shaped plate 704, with the highest point of the arc-shaped inclined plates 706 at the same horizontal plane as the top of the protrusions 705. The bottom of the rotating rod 703 extends through to the bottom of the seedling rack 1 and is fixedly installed with a handwheel 707. A bolt is rotatably installed at the bottom of the handwheel 707. The bottom of the guide frame 11 above the handwheel 707 is opened to... The bolt has the same arc-shaped limiting groove as its movement trajectory. Rotating the handwheel 707 drives the rotating rod 703 to rotate, and the convex plate 701 and the turntable 702 rotate synchronously. When the handwheel 707 stops rotating, rotating the bolt causes the bolt end to tightly abut against the arc-shaped limiting groove at the bottom of the guide frame 11, thereby controlling the handwheel 707 to remain stationary. Through the mechanical abutment between the bolt end and the top of the arc-shaped limiting groove, reliable locking at any position can be achieved. Once locked, the entire system state is completely fixed and will not change due to vibration or other reasons, ensuring the stability of environmental parameters.

[0028] Specifically, in the initial state, the T-shaped block 615 is attached to the top of the turntable 702. During the rotation of the turntable 702, the T-shaped block 615 moves along the curved inclined plate 706. At this time, the T-shaped block 615 rises vertically, causing the lifting plate 603 to rise vertically, i.e., the conical moving cavity 606 rises vertically. When the conical moving cavity 606 moves into the substrate, the T-shaped block 615 reaches the highest position of the curved inclined plate 706. At this point, the insertion rod is inserted into the insertion interface to lock the conical plug 611. Then, as rotation continues, the T-shaped block 615 falls to one side of the protrusion 705, i.e., the lifting plate 603 moves downwards. After the T-shaped block 615 passes the highest point, it falls to one side of the protrusion 705, causing the lifting plate 603 and the air guide 8 to descend a short distance. This descent action... The T-shaped block 615 effectively loosens the substrate around the air guide 8 that may be compacted, enhancing its permeability and simulating a stronger disturbance signal. Then, as the turntable 702 rotates, the T-shaped block 615 moves upward along the protrusion 705, repeating this motion to achieve the reciprocating motion of the lifting plate 603 as it descends and rises. The T-shaped block 615 moves back and forth on the protrusion 705, driving the air guide 8 to perform small-amplitude, high-frequency reciprocating motions within the substrate. This motion mode can produce the best pumping effect, greatly promoting the forced circulation and exchange of air inside the substrate. When the seedling cultivation is completed, the T-shaped block 615 moves along another curved inclined plate 706 to the top of the turntable 702, level with the initial position. The turntable 702 rotates until the T-shaped block 615 is in the initial position.

[0029] Reference Figures 1-7The seedling rack 1 includes several vertical rods 9 placed on the ground. The lifting plate 603 is slidably engaged with the corresponding vertical rods 9. The vertical rods 9 are connected by several horizontal rods 10. A guide frame 11 corresponding to the adjusting plate 501 is fixedly installed between each vertical rod 9. The guide frame 11 is located below the corresponding convex plate 701. The top of the guide frame 11 is slidably engaged with the bottom of the corresponding adjusting plate 501. An environmental monitoring and adjustment system 12 is installed on the top of the guide frame 11. Several L-shaped rods 13 are fixedly installed on the inner side of the guide frame 11. A positioning frame 14 is fixedly installed between the L-shaped rods 13. The positioning frame 14 is located at the bottom of the corresponding lifting plate 603. The sleeve rod 614 passes through to the bottom of the corresponding lifting plate 603 and is fixedly connected to the positioning frame 14.

[0030] Specifically, when the lifting plate 603 moves, it slides along the vertical rod 9, the adjusting plate 501 moves horizontally along the guide frame 11, the positioning frame 14 is fixed and its top sleeve rod 614 is fixed. The rest of the structure is the same as that in Embodiment 1. The environmental monitoring and adjustment system 12 is an intelligent control unit integrated in the seedling rack 1. It is mainly composed of a substrate temperature and humidity sensor, a root zone gas sensor, an environmental temperature and humidity sensor, and a microcontroller as the core. It can accurately sense the micro-environmental status of the seedling root zone in real time. Based on this, it can display the driving period of the transmission component 7 through intelligent algorithms, thereby reminding the operator to adjust the pumping intensity of the ventilation component 6 and the opening size of the adjustment component 5. This enables on-demand, dynamic, and precise control of key factors such as oxygen supply, humidity, and temperature in the seedling hole 3, avoiding errors caused by human experience judgment, achieving intelligent, intensive, and efficient management of the seedling process, and significantly improving the quality and efficiency of seedling cultivation. The environmental monitoring and adjustment system 12 is existing technology.

[0031] Based on embodiments 1-2, the working principle of this invention is as follows: In the initial state, the sealing plate 503 of the adjusting component 5 is tightly fitted with the ventilation hole 602 of the ventilation component 6, blocking the entry of external air. The seedling tray 2 with seeds is placed on the seedling rack 1, so that each seedling hole 3 is inserted into the corresponding air guide cavity 601, and the hole 4 at the bottom of the seedling hole 3 contacts the air guide 8. Then, the handwheel 707 is turned to drive the rotating rod 703 to rotate, driving the convex plate 701 and the turntable 702 of the transmission component 7 to rotate synchronously. As the turntable rotates, the convex plate 701 pushes the adjusting plate 501 to move horizontally, which in turn drives the sealing plate 503 to gradually open the ventilation hole 602 via the connecting rod 502, allowing external air to enter the air guide cavity 601. During the rotation of the turntable 702, the arc-shaped inclined plate 706 and the protrusion 705 at its top push the T-shaped block 615, causing the lifting plate 603 and the air guide component 8 to rise, so that the conical moving cavity 606 is inserted into the substrate of the seedling hole 3. After insertion, the conical plug 611 is automatically locked, and the air guide component 8... The air guide 8 begins to move back and forth with the lifting plate 603. The reciprocating motion of the air guide 8 forms a micro-cavity at the bottom of the substrate, and generates a swirling airflow through the spiral groove 607 and air guide hole 608 on its surface, forcibly pushing the air to diffuse evenly in the substrate. At the same time, the relative motion between the conical plug 611 and the conical moving cavity 606 creates a pumping effect, drawing in fresh air when rising and expelling air when descending. As the seedlings grow, continuously turning the handwheel 707 can gradually increase the opening of the ventilation hole 602 and enhance the movement amplitude of the air guide 8, thereby increasing the oxygen supply and airflow speed as needed to meet the oxygen requirements of the roots at different growth stages. During this process, the environmental monitoring and adjustment system 12 monitors the temperature, humidity and gas concentration in real time, and intelligently judges and prompts the timing of operation through the microcontroller, realizing the dynamic and precise control of the seedling environment. After the seedlings are finished, turning the handwheel 707 resets all components, the sealing plate 503 closes again, the air guide 8 exits the substrate, and the seedling trays can be replaced for the next round of seedling cultivation.

[0032] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A modular, three-dimensional cultivation and intelligent environmental control intensive seedling propagation device, comprising a seedling rack (1), wherein the seedling rack (1) contains several layers of seedling trays (2), each seedling tray (2) is composed of an array of several seedling holes (3), and each seedling hole (3) has several holes (4) at its bottom, characterized in that, It also includes an adjustment component (5) and a ventilation component (6) corresponding to the seedling tray (2). A transmission component (7) is installed on one side of the adjustment component (5) and the ventilation component (6). The adjustment component (5) controls the amount of air inside the seedling hole (3), the ventilation component (6) controls the air flow speed inside the seedling hole (3), and the transmission component (7) synchronously links the adjustment component (5) and the ventilation component (6). The adjustment component (5) includes an adjustment plate (501) installed below the corresponding seedling tray (2), and a connecting rod (502) corresponding to the seedling hole (3) is fixedly provided on the top of the adjustment plate (501), and a sealing plate (503) is fixedly provided on the top of the connecting rod (502). The ventilation assembly (6) includes several air guide cavities (601) fixed inside the seedling rack (1). The air guide cavities (601) correspond one-to-one with the seedling holes (3) and are fitted around the corresponding seedling holes (3). The bottom of the air guide cavity (601) is provided with ventilation holes (602) that fit against the sealing plate (503). The ventilation assembly (6) also includes a lifting plate (603) disposed between the air guide cavity (601) and the adjusting plate (501). The top of the lifting plate (603) is fixedly provided with an air guide component (8) corresponding to the air guide cavity (601). The air guide component (8) is inserted into the hole (4) and moves up and down inside the hole (4) to adjust the internal air flow speed. The transmission assembly (7) includes several convex plates (701) and a turntable (702) above the corresponding convex plate (701). The peripheral side of the convex plate (701) is in contact with the side of the corresponding adjustment plate (501). Each convex plate (701) and the turntable (702) are fixedly connected by a rotating rod (703) that rotates with the seedling rack (1).

2. The modular three-dimensional cultivation and intelligent environmental control intensive seedling propagation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjusting plate (501) and the seedling rack (1) are slidably engaged, and the adjusting plate (501) and the seedling rack (1) are connected by a first elastic element (504).

3. The modular three-dimensional cultivation and intelligent environmental control intensive seedling propagation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air guide (8) includes a connecting plate (604) fixedly installed on the top of the lifting plate (603). The top of the connecting plate (604) is fixedly provided with a plurality of connecting pipes (605) corresponding to the holes (4). The connecting pipes (605) penetrate into the interior of the corresponding air guide cavity (601). The top of the connecting pipe (605) is fixedly provided with a conical moving cavity (606) communicating with its interior.

4. The modular three-dimensional cultivation and intelligent environmental control intensive seedling propagation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The conical moving cavity (606) consists of an upper conical cavity and a lower conical cavity. The upper conical cavity has a spiral groove (607) on its circumferential side. The spiral groove (607) and the lower conical cavity have several air guide holes (608) on their interiors and on their circumferential side. The spiral grooves (607) on the top of the same connecting plate (604) are arranged alternately in opposite directions.

5. The modular three-dimensional cultivation and intelligent environmental control intensive seedling propagation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The conical moving cavity (606) is fixedly provided with a limiting plate (609), and the top of the limiting plate (609) is provided with a number of air inlets (610), and a one-way valve is installed inside the air inlets (610).

6. The modular three-dimensional cultivation and intelligent environmental control intensive seedling propagation device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The conical moving cavity (606) is slidably provided with a conical plug (611) at the top of the limiting plate (609). The bottom of the conical plug (611) is fixedly provided with a sleeve (612) that penetrates the limiting plate (609) and slides with the inner wall of the connecting pipe (605). The bottom of the conical plug (611) is fixedly provided with a second elastic element (613) inside the sleeve (612). The bottom of the second elastic element (613) is fixedly provided with a sleeve rod (614) that slides with the inside of the sleeve (612). The lifting plate (603) is fixedly provided with a T-shaped block (615) at the top of the turntable (702) on one side.

7. The modular three-dimensional cultivation and intelligent environmental control intensive seedling propagation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A fan-shaped plate (704) is fixedly provided on the top of the turntable (702), and a number of protrusions (705) are fixedly provided on the top of the fan-shaped plate (704). Arc-shaped inclined plates (706) are fixedly provided on both sides of the fan-shaped plate (704). The bottom of the rotating rod (703) extends through to the bottom of the seedling rack (1) and is fixedly equipped with a handwheel (707). A bolt is rotatably installed at the bottom of the handwheel (707).

8. The modular three-dimensional cultivation and intelligent environmental control intensive seedling propagation device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The seedling rack (1) includes several vertical rods (9) placed on the ground. The lifting plate (603) is slidably engaged with the corresponding vertical rod (9). The vertical rods (9) are connected by several horizontal rods (10). A guide frame (11) corresponding to the adjusting plate (501) is fixedly installed between each vertical rod (9). The guide frame (11) is located below the corresponding convex plate (701). The top of the guide frame (11) is slidably engaged with the bottom of the corresponding adjusting plate (501). An environmental monitoring and adjustment system (12) is installed on the top of the guide frame (11). A number of L-shaped rods (13) are fixedly arranged on the inner side of the guide frame (11), and a positioning frame (14) is fixedly arranged between the L-shaped rods (13). The positioning frame (14) is located at the bottom of the corresponding lifting plate (603), and the sleeve rod (614) passes through to the bottom of the corresponding lifting plate (603) and is fixedly connected to the positioning frame (14).

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