Intelligent water-saving irrigation system for desert area

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent water-saving irrigation system for a desert area, and relates to the technical field of intelligent irrigation, the system comprises a full-intelligent central control center subsystem, an intelligent precise irrigation execution subsystem and a green self-sufficient energy guarantee subsystem; the full-intelligent central control center subsystem comprises a multi-source data integration and intelligent scheduling sub-module, a remote monitoring and fault diagnosis sub-module and a full-scene safety monitoring and emergency response sub-module, and is used for realizing data acquisition, instruction issuing, fault diagnosis and safety management and control; multi-source data are integrated through the full-intelligent center control center subsystem, accurate data collection, intelligent scheduling and instruction issuing are achieved, an irrigation plan can be dynamically adjusted according to multi-dimensional factors such as soil moisture content, meteorological conditions and crop requirements, the problem that a traditional irrigation mode is insufficient in water resource utilization is solved, and the irrigation efficiency is improved. And the utilization efficiency of water resources is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent irrigation technology, specifically to an intelligent water-saving irrigation system for desert areas. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing severity of global desertification, agriculture, ecological vegetation restoration, and regional water resource management in desert areas face unprecedented challenges. Desert areas have unique and harsh natural environmental characteristics, with extremely limited total water resources and uneven distribution, which greatly restricts the development of traditional agriculture and ecological construction. At the same time, infrastructure construction in desert areas is relatively weak. The power supply is limited by both natural conditions and existing infrastructure, resulting in extremely poor power supply stability and frequent power outages, making it difficult to meet the continuous power needs of various production and living facilities. In terms of agricultural production and ecological management, the traditional manual operation mode is not only costly in terms of manpower, but also the response efficiency and accuracy of manual operation are far from meeting the needs of modern agricultural management such as precision irrigation.

[0003] Most existing irrigation technologies are designed for conventional farmland environments and fail to fully consider the special needs of desert scenarios. When applied in desert areas, they have revealed many drawbacks. On the one hand, in terms of power supply, traditional irrigation systems rely heavily on a stable mains power supply and lack effective measures to deal with frequent power outages in desert areas. Once the mains power is interrupted, the entire irrigation system will be paralyzed and unable to work normally, seriously affecting crop growth and ecological restoration. On the other hand, in terms of water resource utilization, traditional irrigation methods lack precise water monitoring and control mechanisms. They cannot dynamically adjust the irrigation volume and timing based on real-time changes in soil moisture and weather conditions, resulting in a large amount of water being wasted during irrigation and further exacerbating the water shortage situation in desert areas. In addition, traditional irrigation systems are mostly managed manually, requiring a large number of people for on-site operation and monitoring. In desert areas, labor costs are high and management efficiency is low, making it difficult to achieve real-time and precise management of large-scale irrigation areas and failing to meet the trend of intelligent and unmanned irrigation in desert areas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide an intelligent water-saving irrigation system for desert areas. This system integrates data acquisition, command issuance, fault diagnosis, and safety management functions through a fully intelligent central control subsystem, enabling data communication and collaborative control between modules. An intelligent precision irrigation execution subsystem accurately delivers water and nutrients according to the central system's commands to meet crop growth needs. A green self-sufficient energy security subsystem integrates three green energy sources—photovoltaics, wind power, and water flow potential energy—to construct a main supply + supplementary + recycled energy supply mode. Combined with an intelligent energy storage module, this achieves system energy self-sufficiency. Furthermore, each module of this system is customized for the extreme desert environment. From hardware materials and structural design to software dynamic control logic, the system comprehensively improves its adaptability and stability in desert areas, providing technical support for sustainable agricultural development, ecological vegetation restoration, and efficient regional water resource management in desert regions.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an intelligent water-saving irrigation system for desert areas, the system comprising the following components: a fully intelligent central control subsystem, an intelligent precision irrigation execution subsystem, and a green self-sufficient energy security subsystem; The fully intelligent central control hub subsystem includes a multi-source data integration and intelligent scheduling submodule, a remote monitoring and fault diagnosis submodule, and a full-scenario safety monitoring and emergency response submodule, which are used to realize data acquisition, command issuance, fault diagnosis and safety management. The intelligent precision irrigation execution subsystem includes a fully automatic unattended pump station execution module, a desert-specific integrated water and fertilizer delivery module, and a multi-dimensional environmental adaptation and control module. It realizes the delivery of water and nutrients according to the instructions issued by the fully intelligent central control hub subsystem. The green self-sufficient energy security subsystem includes a high-efficiency photovoltaic main power supply module, a micro-wind energy supplement module, and a potential energy recovery and intelligent energy storage module, which are used to provide power for the fully intelligent central control hub subsystem and the intelligent precision irrigation execution subsystem.

[0006] Furthermore, the multi-source data integration and intelligent scheduling submodule includes an IoT data platform, a data receiving unit, a data processing unit, and an instruction generation unit. The data receiving unit establishes communication connections with monitoring equipment, execution equipment, and energy supply equipment within the system, collecting soil moisture data, meteorological data, insect pest data, equipment operation data, and energy supply data, and transmitting them to the IoT data platform for storage. The data processing unit filters, cleans, and integrates multi-dimensional data, and analyzes it using preset logical rules to determine irrigation and energy allocation needs. The calculation formula for irrigation needs is as follows: ,in, This refers to the demand for a single irrigation. For crop coefficients, Soil texture coefficient, For irrigated area, The optimal soil volumetric water content for crops, This represents the current soil volumetric moisture content. For the depth of the irrigation wetting layer, The formula for calculating the energy allocation requirement based on the evaporation rate of the evaporating dish is as follows: ,in, ,in, To be assigned to the Energy power of similar loads For the Real-time power consumption of similar workloads For the Energy-like The remaining battery power. This represents the total real-time power generation from the three energy sources. The available power of the battery, Based on the above irrigation and energy distribution requirements, the instruction generation unit generates irrigation control instructions and energy control instructions to the corresponding system execution units according to the rated output power of the battery, and sends them to the corresponding system execution units through the communication module.

[0007] Furthermore, the remote monitoring and fault diagnosis submodule includes a terminal management platform, a data display unit, a fault monitoring unit, a fault analysis unit, and an alarm unit. The terminal management platform includes both a web platform and a mobile platform. The data display unit visualizes key operational data and device operating status within the IoT data platform. The fault monitoring unit connects to the device sensors, collects device operating parameters, compares them with preset normal parameter ranges, and determines whether the device is abnormal. The fault analysis unit analyzes abnormal parameters and quantifies the fault risk using a multi-parameter fusion fault risk index formula, the formula of which is: ,in, This is the equipment failure risk index. , An alarm is triggered at any time. Weights for deviations in operating parameters. These are the current operating parameters of the equipment. These are the standard operating parameters for the equipment. As the weight for the rate of change of the parameter, For changes in operating parameters, The data collection time interval Weighted by runtime The cumulative runtime of the device. The equipment is designed for a certain lifespan; the alarm unit generates alarm information based on the fault analysis results, pushes it to maintenance personnel through a preset method, and stores the fault information in the IoT data platform, and matches it with fault handling guidelines.

[0008] Furthermore, the full-scenario safety monitoring and emergency response submodule includes a hardware monitoring unit, a software early warning unit, an emergency decision-making unit, and an emergency execution unit. The hardware monitoring unit includes a high-definition infrared camera, a power supply leakage sensor, a pipeline pressure sensor, a water quality analyzer, and a sandstorm early warning sensor. The high-definition infrared camera is deployed around the pump station and in key equipment areas. The power supply leakage sensor is connected in series with the power supply line. The pipeline pressure sensor is installed on the main irrigation pipeline and branch pipelines. The water quality analyzer is installed at the water source inlet and irrigation pipeline outlet. The sandstorm early warning sensor is deployed in open areas. The software early warning unit has built-in multi-level alarm thresholds, setting threshold ranges for monitoring data. When the monitoring data exceeds the threshold, an early warning signal is triggered. After receiving the early warning signal, the emergency decision-making unit calls the preset emergency handling logic to determine emergency measures. The emergency execution unit is connected to the system execution element, executes the emergency measures, and feeds back the process and results to the terminal management platform.

[0009] Furthermore, the fully automatic unattended pumping station execution module includes a variable frequency water pump, an electromagnetic flow valve, a soil moisture sensor, a pressure stabilizing device, a signal conversion unit, and a feedback unit. The soil moisture sensor adopts an embedded design, with the burial depth adjusted by a bracket. The probe contacts the soil to collect soil moisture data, which is then converted by the signal conversion unit and transmitted to the fully intelligent central control subsystem. The variable frequency water pump motor is connected to the frequency converter, which receives speed control commands and adjusts the pump speed using a flow-speed adaptive control formula, the formula of which is: ,in, The target speed of the water pump, This is the current speed of the water pump. For the target irrigation flow rate, This is the current irrigation flow rate. The standard pressure of the pipeline is used; the electromagnetic flow valve is installed between the water pump outlet and the main irrigation pipeline, and the valve opening is controlled by the fully intelligent central control subsystem; the pressure stabilization device includes a pressure sensor, a pressure regulating valve and a control circuit. The pressure sensor monitors the pipeline pressure, and the control circuit drives the pressure regulating valve to operate; the feedback unit collects the operating parameters of the variable frequency water pump, the opening of the electromagnetic flow valve and the pipeline pressure, and transmits them to the fully intelligent central control subsystem.

[0010] Furthermore, the desert-specific integrated water and fertilizer delivery module includes a dual-chamber water and fertilizer mixing tank, an intelligent fertilizer pump, a concentration sensor, a pipeline mixer, a liquid level sensor, and a stirring unit. The dual-chamber water and fertilizer mixing tank is divided into a clear water chamber and a fertilizer chamber, equipped with a partition, connecting pipes, and a control valve. The clear water chamber is connected to the irrigation water source, and the fertilizer chamber stores liquid fertilizer. The inner wall is coated with an anti-corrosion coating. The mixing tank volume can be adapted to meet needs by replacing the tank or increasing the number. The intelligent fertilizer pump is installed between the fertilizer chamber outlet and the connecting pipe. The pump speed is dynamically adjusted by the fully intelligent central control subsystem according to the fertilizer injection volume calculation formula, which is: ,in, The amount of fertilizer injected to meet the target. To achieve the target water and fertilizer concentration, This refers to the amount of water used for a single irrigation. The density of water, This refers to the concentration of the effective ingredients in liquid fertilizer. For liquid fertilizer density, To improve the efficiency of the fertilizer pump; a concentration sensor is installed on the outlet pipe of the mixing tank to transmit concentration data to the fully intelligent central control subsystem; a pipeline mixer is installed between the outlet of the mixing tank and the irrigation branch pipe, with spiral guide vanes inside; liquid level sensors are installed in the clear water chamber and fertilizer chamber respectively; the stirring unit includes a stirring motor and a stirring paddle, which is installed on the top of the mixing tank, with the stirring paddle extending into the tank.

[0011] Furthermore, the multi-dimensional environmental adaptation and control module includes a small automatic weather station, an insect monitoring lamp, a satellite remote sensing data receiving unit, a data integration unit, and a command forwarding unit. The small automatic weather station includes a support frame, a sensor group, a data acquisition device, and a wireless communication module. The sensor group is installed at different positions on the support frame to collect meteorological data, which is then processed by the data acquisition device and transmitted to the data integration unit. The insect monitoring lamp includes an insect-attracting light source, an insect-killing device, an image acquisition device, and a recognition unit. When the insect-attracting light source is turned on, it attracts pests. The insect-killing device treats the pests, the image acquisition device takes pictures, and the recognition unit analyzes the types and quantities of pests and transmits the data to the data integration unit. The satellite remote sensing data receiving unit includes a satellite signal receiver, a data decoder, and a storage unit. It receives satellite data, decodes it, and obtains data on regional soil moisture and vegetation growth status, which is then transmitted to the data integration unit. The data integration unit unifies the data format and ensures logical association, eliminating redundant data. The command forwarding unit transmits environmental data to the fully intelligent central control subsystem, receives the adjusted irrigation plan, and forwards it to the corresponding execution module.

[0012] Furthermore, the high-efficiency photovoltaic main power supply module includes desert-specific wind-resistant photovoltaic panels, a dual-axis solar trajectory tracking system, an inverter, a combiner box, and a lightning protection unit. The desert-specific wind-resistant photovoltaic panels have an anti-reflective film and dustproof coating, a back panel made of high and low temperature resistant material, and a frame made of corrosion-resistant material. The photovoltaic panels are arranged in an array via a support structure. The dual-axis solar trajectory tracking system includes an azimuth adjustment mechanism, an elevation adjustment mechanism, a drive motor, an angle sensor, and a control unit. The azimuth adjustment mechanism drives the photovoltaic array to rotate around the vertical axis, and the elevation adjustment mechanism drives the photovoltaic array to rotate around the horizontal axis. The angle sensor collects the angle data of the photovoltaic panels and transmits it to the control unit. The control unit calculates the solar azimuth and elevation angles using the solar trajectory tracking angle formula, and the drive motor adjusts the angle of the photovoltaic panels. The formula is: ,in, The azimuth of the sun. The solar altitude angle, The solar declination angle, The latitude is the local latitude. The solar hour angle is used; the combiner box is installed near the photovoltaic array to collect the output current of the photovoltaic panels and transmit it to the inverter; the inverter converts the output power of the photovoltaic panels, has protection functions, and simultaneously receives energy regulation commands from the fully intelligent central control subsystem to adjust the output power to match the solar hour angle. Requirements: The lightning protection unit includes a lightning rod and a surge protector. The lightning rod is placed at the highest point of the photovoltaic array, and the surge protector is installed at the combiner box and the inverter input terminal. The output terminal of the photovoltaic module is connected to the main distribution box of the system.

[0013] Furthermore, the micro-wind energy replenishment module includes a vertical-axis micro-wind generator, a speed-increasing gearbox, a generator controller, an energy storage interface, and a protective housing. The blades of the vertical-axis micro-wind generator are made of lightweight materials with wear-resistant surface treatment, and the stator and rotor adopt a permanent magnet structure. The speed-increasing gearbox connects the generator rotor and the blade main shaft. The generator controller includes a rectifier circuit, a filter circuit, and a voltage regulator circuit, receives energy regulation commands from the fully intelligent central control subsystem, and adjusts the output power to match the power requirements. Requirements: Energy storage interface connects to energy storage module; protective shell made of corrosion-resistant material covers the generator, gearbox and controller, with heat dissipation holes on the surface.

[0014] Furthermore, the potential energy recovery and intelligent energy storage module includes a small hydroelectric generator, a water flow control valve, a lithium iron phosphate battery pack, an intelligent charge and discharge controller, a power monitoring unit, and a heat dissipation unit. The small hydroelectric generator is installed in the section between the pump station's water storage tank and the main irrigation pipeline, with its inlet connected to the bottom of the water storage tank and its outlet connected to the main irrigation pipeline. Its controller receives energy regulation commands from the fully intelligent central control subsystem and adjusts the power generation by changing the opening of the water flow control valve to match the power generation. Requirements: A water flow control valve is installed at the generator inlet pipe; the lithium iron phosphate battery pack consists of individual battery cells connected in series or parallel, and the casing is made of fireproof, waterproof, and high / low temperature resistant material; the intelligent charge / discharge controller is connected to the high-efficiency photovoltaic main power supply module, the micro-wind energy supplement module, the small hydroelectric generator, and the battery pack, respectively. Internally, it includes charge / discharge control circuits, voltage detection circuits, and current detection circuits. It receives energy regulation commands from the fully intelligent central control subsystem and executes the charge / discharge strategy based on the optimal charging current formula for the battery. The formula is: ,in, The target charging current for the battery, This is the maximum allowable charging current for the battery. The remaining battery power. This represents the total real-time power generation from the three energy sources. The total power consumption of all loads in the system. The current terminal voltage of the battery is displayed; the charge and discharge controller has overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection functions; the power monitoring unit collects battery pack parameters, calculates the remaining power, and transmits it to the fully intelligent central control subsystem; the heat dissipation unit includes a cooling fan and a temperature sensor, with the temperature sensor installed inside the battery pack, and the cooling fan and temperature sensor linked together.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, this intelligent water-saving irrigation system for desert areas has the following beneficial effects: I. This invention integrates multi-source data through a fully intelligent central control subsystem, enabling precise data acquisition, intelligent scheduling, and command issuance. It can dynamically adjust irrigation plans based on multiple factors such as soil moisture, weather conditions, and crop needs, avoiding the problem of insufficient water resource utilization in traditional irrigation methods and significantly improving water resource utilization efficiency. At the same time, the green self-sufficient energy security subsystem integrates three green energy sources: photovoltaic, micro-wind, and water flow potential energy, combined with intelligent energy storage modules, to achieve system energy self-sufficiency and ensure the stable operation of the irrigation system in extreme desert environments.

[0016] Second, this invention, through multi-dimensional environmental monitoring and dynamic control logic, can perceive meteorological changes and crop growth needs in desert areas in real time, and automatically adjust irrigation strategies and energy allocation. It realizes data communication and collaborative control between various modules of the system, and transmits these data to the fully intelligent central control subsystem. The central system generates corresponding irrigation and energy control instructions based on the data analysis results. The intelligent precision irrigation execution subsystem and the green self-sufficient energy security subsystem perform precise operations according to the instructions, forming an organic whole, which effectively improves the system's adaptability to the extreme desert environment and its overall operating efficiency.

[0017] Other advantages, objectives and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be learned from the practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of an intelligent water-saving irrigation system for desert areas; Figure 2 A structural block diagram of a fully intelligent central control subsystem for a smart water-saving irrigation system in desert areas; Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of the intelligent precision irrigation execution subsystem of an intelligent water-saving irrigation system for desert areas; Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of a green self-sufficient energy security subsystem for an intelligent water-saving irrigation system in desert areas. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.

[0021] Example 1 This embodiment discloses an intelligent water-saving irrigation system for desert areas, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the system comprises three core components: a fully intelligent central control hub subsystem, an intelligent precision irrigation execution subsystem, and a green self-sufficient energy security subsystem. like Figure 2As shown, the fully intelligent central control hub subsystem includes a multi-source data integration and intelligent scheduling submodule, a remote monitoring and fault diagnosis submodule, and a full-scenario safety monitoring and emergency response submodule. The multi-source data integration and intelligent scheduling submodule is configured with an IoT data platform, a data receiving unit, a data processing unit, and an instruction generation unit. The remote monitoring and fault diagnosis submodule is configured with a terminal management platform, a data display unit, a fault monitoring unit, a fault analysis unit, and an alarm unit. The full-scenario safety monitoring and emergency response submodule is configured with a hardware monitoring unit (including a high-definition infrared camera, a power supply leakage sensor, a pipeline pressure sensor, a water quality analyzer, and a sandstorm early warning sensor), a software early warning unit, an emergency decision-making unit, and an emergency execution unit.

[0022] like Figure 3 As shown, the intelligent precision irrigation execution subsystem includes a fully automatic unattended pump station execution module, a desert-specific integrated water and fertilizer delivery module, and a multi-dimensional environmental adaptation and control module. The fully automatic unattended pump station execution module is equipped with a variable frequency pump, electromagnetic flow valve, soil moisture sensor, pressure stabilization device, signal conversion unit, and feedback unit. The desert-specific integrated water and fertilizer delivery module is equipped with a dual-chamber water and fertilizer mixing tank, intelligent fertilizer pump, concentration sensor, pipeline mixer, liquid level sensor, and stirring unit. The multi-dimensional environmental adaptation and control module is equipped with a small automatic weather station, insect monitoring lamp, satellite remote sensing data receiving unit, data integration unit, and command forwarding unit.

[0023] like Figure 4 As shown, the green self-sufficient energy security subsystem includes a high-efficiency photovoltaic main power supply module, a micro-wind energy supplement module, and a potential energy recovery and intelligent energy storage module. Among them, the high-efficiency photovoltaic main power supply module is equipped with desert-specific wind and sand resistant photovoltaic panels, a dual-axis solar trajectory tracking system, an inverter, a combiner box, and a lightning protection unit; the micro-wind energy supplement module is equipped with a vertical axis micro-wind generator, a speed-increasing gearbox, a generator controller, an energy storage interface, and a protective shell; the potential energy recovery and intelligent energy storage module is equipped with a small hydroelectric generator, a water flow control valve, a lithium iron phosphate battery pack, an intelligent charge and discharge controller, a power monitoring unit, and a heat dissipation unit.

[0024] In the fully intelligent central control subsystem, the data receiving unit of the multi-source data integration and intelligent scheduling submodule connects via wireless communication (LoRa / 4G / 5G) and wired communication to the soil moisture sensor, small automatic weather station, insect monitoring lamp, and satellite remote sensing data receiving unit of the intelligent precision irrigation execution subsystem, as well as the photovoltaic power generation monitor, micro-wind generator controller, and power monitoring unit of the green self-sufficient energy security subsystem, to achieve data acquisition. The instruction generation unit of the multi-source data integration and intelligent scheduling submodule connects via the same communication method to the variable frequency pump inverter of the intelligent precision irrigation execution subsystem. The system connects to the control unit of the dual-axis solar trajectory tracking system, generator controller, and intelligent charge / discharge controller of the green self-sufficient energy security subsystem to issue commands; the fault monitoring unit of the remote monitoring and fault diagnosis submodule is connected to the sensors (current sensors, voltage sensors, pressure sensors) of all devices in the system via wired lines to collect equipment operating parameters; the emergency execution unit of the full-scenario safety monitoring and emergency response submodule is connected to the actuators (solenoid valves, contactors, pressure relief valves) in the system via relay lines to execute emergency measures.

[0025] In the intelligent precision irrigation execution subsystem, the signal conversion unit of the fully automatic unattended pump station execution module is connected to the soil moisture sensor via a signal line, converting the analog signals collected by the sensor into digital signals. The motor of the variable frequency pump is connected to the frequency converter via a cable, and the frequency converter is connected to the electromagnetic flow valve via a control line to achieve coordinated flow regulation. The pressure sensor of the pressure stabilization device is connected to the pressure regulating valve control circuit via a signal line to form a closed-loop pressure control. The feedback unit is connected to the variable frequency pump, electromagnetic flow valve, and pressure stabilization device via a communication line to collect operational data. The intelligent fertilizer pump of the desert-specific integrated water and fertilizer delivery module is connected to the dual-chamber... The fertilizer chamber of the water-fertilizer mixing tank is connected, and the outlet pipe of the mixing tank is connected in sequence to the pipeline mixer and the main irrigation pipeline; the concentration sensor is connected to the intelligent fertilizer pump controller through a signal line to realize concentration feedback control; the liquid level sensor is connected to the control unit of the mixing tank through a signal line to monitor the liquid level in the chamber; the data integration unit of the multi-dimensional environmental adaptation and control module is connected to the small automatic weather station, insect monitoring lamp and satellite remote sensing data receiving unit through communication lines to integrate environmental data; the command forwarding unit is connected to the control unit of the fully automatic unattended pump station execution module and the desert-specific water-fertilizer integrated delivery module through communication lines to forward irrigation adjustment commands.

[0026] In the green self-sufficient energy security subsystem, the photovoltaic panels of the high-efficiency photovoltaic main power supply module are connected to the combiner box via cables. The combiner box is connected to the inverter via cables, and the inverter is connected to the system's main distribution box via cables. The control unit of the dual-axis solar trajectory tracking system is connected to the drive motor via control lines. The drive motor is connected to the photovoltaic panel support via a mechanical structure, and the angle sensor is connected to the control unit via signal lines. In the micro-wind energy supplement module, the vertical axis micro-wind generator is connected to the speed-increasing gearbox via a mechanical structure. The speed-increasing gearbox is connected to the generator rotor via a mechanical structure, and the generator is connected to the generator controller via cables. The controller communicates with the generator controller via a signal line. The system is connected to the main distribution box and energy storage interface via cables; the small hydroelectric generator of the potential energy recovery and intelligent energy storage module is connected to the pump station water storage tank and irrigation main pipeline via pipes, and the water flow control valve is connected to the generator controller via control lines; the lithium iron phosphate battery pack is connected to the intelligent charge and discharge controller via cables, and the controller is connected to the photovoltaic inverter, micro wind generator controller, hydroelectric generator controller and the main distribution box via cables; the power monitoring unit is connected to the battery pack via signal lines to collect battery parameters; the temperature sensor of the heat dissipation unit is connected to the cooling fan control circuit via signal lines to realize temperature linkage control.

[0027] Example 2 This embodiment discloses the specific application of the above-mentioned intelligent water-saving irrigation system in an oasis agricultural planting area on the edge of a desert in Northwest my country. The planting area mainly grows drought-resistant crops such as cotton and goji berries, with a total area of ​​about 800 mu. Due to the scarcity of water resources and unstable power supply in the area, traditional irrigation methods are difficult to meet the needs of crop growth.

[0028] 320 desert-specific wind-resistant photovoltaic panels were installed on an open plot of land on the north side of the planting area (without trees or buildings obstructing the view). Each photovoltaic panel has a power of 450W, with a total power of 144kW. The photovoltaic panels are installed using a dual-axis solar trajectory tracking bracket, which is made of corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy to resist strong wind and sand erosion in desert areas. A 150kW combiner box and a 150kW inverter were also installed, with the inverter output connected to the main distribution box of the planting area.

[0029] The control unit of the dual-axis solar trajectory tracking system incorporates logic for calculating the solar azimuth and elevation angles. It adjusts the photovoltaic panel angle in real time using a formula, as follows: In the formula, The solar azimuth angle (°, negative in the east and positive in the west) is the sun's azimuth angle. The solar altitude angle (°) is... The solar declination angle (°, calculated from the local date). The dimensions of the planting area are (°, in this embodiment) ), Solar hour angle (°, changing per hour) (Noon is 0).

[0030] Meanwhile, six 5kW vertical axis micro wind turbines are evenly arranged around the photovoltaic array. The turbine blades are made of lightweight carbon fiber and coated with an anti-wear coating to adapt to the local low wind speed environment of 2.2m / s per year. The turbines are equipped with speed-increasing gearboxes and turbine controllers, which are connected to the system's main power distribution box and energy storage interface via cables.

[0031] In addition, an 80m² facility was built to support the planting area. 3 Three 12kW small hydroelectric generators are installed between the pump station's water storage tank (whose bottom elevation is 12m higher than the irrigation area) and the main irrigation pipeline; three 120kWh lithium iron phosphate battery packs are configured, with battery casings made of fireproof, waterproof, and high / low temperature resistant materials to adapt to the local extreme temperature difference of -30℃ to 55℃; a 200kW intelligent charge / discharge controller connects the photovoltaic inverter, micro-wind generator controller, hydroelectric generator controller, and battery packs. The controller has a built-in optimal charging current formula for the battery, dynamically adjusting the charging and discharging strategy. The formula is as follows: In the formula, The target charging current (A) for the battery, The maximum allowable charging current of the battery (A, in this embodiment) ), Remaining battery power (estimated by the power monitoring unit) Total power generation (W) from photovoltaic, wind, and hydropower The total power consumption of the system (W) is the total load power consumption. The current terminal voltage of the battery (V, in this embodiment) ).

[0032] During system operation, based on the dual-axis solar trajectory tracking formula, the high-efficiency photovoltaic main power supply module generates an average of about 580 kWh of electricity per day, which can meet 65% of the power demand of the planting area; the micro-wind energy supplement module starts at night or on cloudy days, generating an average of about 55 kWh of electricity per day, supplementing 6% of the power demand; the potential energy recovery module generates electricity using the water level difference during the daily irrigation period (about 6 hours), generating about 42 kWh of electricity, supplementing 4% of the power demand. Through the dynamic control of the intelligent charging and discharging formula, the battery pack can achieve continuous system operation for 96 hours without external power supply, and the system's power self-sufficiency rate reaches 92% throughout the year.

[0033] Based on crop planting zones (500 mu for cotton and 300 mu for goji berries), two sets of fully automatic unattended pumping station execution modules are configured respectively. Each module includes one 22kW variable frequency water pump and one DN125 electromagnetic flow valve. Both the water pump and the flow valve are made of sand-resistant and wear-resistant materials to prevent equipment blockage caused by high sand content water in desert areas. The frequency converter has a built-in flow-speed adaptive control formula, which dynamically adjusts the water pump speed according to the target flow rate. The formula is as follows: In the formula, The target speed (r / min) of the water pump. This represents the current pump speed (r / min). For the target irrigation flow rate, This is the current irrigation flow rate. The standard pressure of the pipeline (MPa, in this embodiment) ), To monitor the current pipeline pressure (MPa, monitored by pressure sensors), one soil moisture sensor (buried at a depth of 40cm, adapted to the cotton root distribution) is installed every 8 mu in the cotton planting area, and one soil moisture sensor (buried at a depth of 60cm, adapted to the goji berry root distribution) is installed every 6 mu in the goji berry planting area. The sensors are connected to the signal conversion unit via signal lines to provide soil moisture data for irrigation demand calculation.

[0034] A water and fertilizer integrated control station will be constructed at the center of the planting area, equipped with two 3000L dual-chamber water and fertilizer mixing tanks (one for the cotton planting area and one for the goji berry planting area). The inner walls of the mixing tanks will be coated with an anti-corrosion coating to prevent fertilizer from corroding the tanks. Each mixing tank will be equipped with a 1.5kW intelligent fertilizer pump. The fertilizer pump controller will have a built-in dynamic fertilizer injection calculation formula to accurately control the fertilizer injection amount. The formula is as follows: In the formula, The amount of fertilizer injected to meet the target. Target water and fertilizer concentration (cotton seedling stage) Goji berry sprouting period ), This refers to the amount of water used for a single irrigation. The density of water, The concentration of the effective ingredients in the liquid fertilizer (in this example) ), The density of the liquid fertilizer (in this embodiment) ), The fertilizer pump efficiency (%) in this embodiment The mixing tank outlet pipe is connected in sequence to the pipeline mixer (with spiral guide vanes inside) and the irrigation branch pipe; a liquid level sensor is installed in the clear water chamber and fertilizer chamber of each mixing tank, and a concentration sensor is installed at the inlet of the irrigation branch pipe. All sensor data are transmitted to the system control center to provide real-time parameters for formula calculation.

[0035] Two small automatic weather stations were installed in the center of the planting area to monitor temperature, humidity, wind speed, precipitation, and sunshine duration (providing data for irrigation demand formulas). Meteorological data such as parameters are collected; two insect monitoring lamps are installed in each of the cotton and wolfberry areas, equipped with high-definition cameras and pest identification modules; high-resolution satellite remote sensing data (8m resolution) is accessed to regularly acquire soil moisture distribution and crop growth status data in the planting areas; all environmental monitoring equipment is connected to the data integration unit via communication lines, and the integrated data is transmitted to the fully intelligent central control subsystem to provide environmental parameters for irrigation demand calculation. The system control center has a built-in soil moisture-meteorological coupled irrigation demand formula to dynamically determine the amount of irrigation per cycle. The formula is as follows: Where, The demand for a single irrigation (m) , Crop coefficient (cotton seedling stage) Goji berry sprouting period ), Soil texture coefficient (in this example, sandy soil) ), For irrigated area, For optimal soil volumetric moisture content (%) for crops, cotton Goji berries ), The current soil volumetric moisture content (%, as monitored by soil moisture sensors) For irrigation wetting layer depth (m, cotton) Goji berries ), This represents the evaporation volume of the evaporating dish.

[0036] Based on the soil moisture-meteorological coupled irrigation demand formula, the system automatically adjusts the irrigation plan according to soil moisture, meteorological data, and crop growth cycle: irrigate once every 7 days during the cotton seedling stage, with a single irrigation volume of 35m³ per mu. 3 During the flowering and boll-forming period, irrigate once every 5 days, with a single irrigation volume of 45 cubic meters per mu. 3 During the budding stage of wolfberry, irrigate once every 10 days, with a single irrigation volume of 40m³ per mu. 3 During the fruit enlargement period, irrigate once every 6 days, with a single irrigation volume of 50m³ per mu. 3Meanwhile, through dynamic regulation using a flow-speed adaptive control formula, the variable frequency water pump and electromagnetic flow valve work together to control irrigation flow deviation within ±3%. Through precise control using dynamic calculation of fertilizer injection amount, the integrated water and fertilizer delivery module adjusts the water-fertilizer ratio according to the nutritional needs of cotton and goji berries at different growth stages: the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio for cotton during the growth period is adjusted to 1:0.5:0.3 during the seedling stage and 1.2:0.8:1.0 during the flowering and boll-forming stage; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio for goji berries during the growth period is adjusted to 1:0.8:0.5 during the budding stage and 1.5:1.0:1.2 during the fruit enlargement stage. The water and fertilizer concentration deviation is controlled within ±2%, increasing water and fertilizer utilization to 88%, reducing fertilizer waste while preventing soil salinization.

[0037] One IoT data platform server and one edge computing node are deployed in the planting area management room. The server uses an industrial-grade host, which is dustproof, moisture-proof, and resistant to high and low temperatures, and can stably store more than 3 years of system operation data and monitoring data. The edge computing node has a built-in multi-energy collaborative allocation formula to achieve optimal allocation of photovoltaic, wind, potential energy recovery energy and battery energy storage. The formula is as follows: ,in, , In the formula, To be assigned to the Energy power of load type ( For pump station load, (To control the central load), For the first Real-time power consumption of similar loads For the first Real-time power generation of energy-like substances ( For photovoltaic , For a gentle breeze , Potential energy ), The remaining battery power. The available power of the battery, The rated output power of the battery (in this embodiment) ).

[0038] A web-based management platform and a mobile app were developed. Twelve high-definition infrared cameras (with night vision, dustproof, and waterproof capabilities) were deployed in key areas such as pumping stations, photovoltaic arrays, and water and fertilizer control stations. Fifteen power supply leakage sensors were installed on the power lines, 20 pipeline pressure sensors were installed on the main and branch irrigation pipelines, three water quality analyzers were installed at the water tank inlet, and four sandstorm early warning sensors were deployed around the planting area. All monitoring equipment is connected to a full-scene safety monitoring and emergency response submodule. This module incorporates a multi-parameter fusion fault risk index formula to provide early warnings of equipment failures. The formula is as follows: In the formula, Equipment failure risk index , (Alarm triggered at any time) Weighting of operating parameter deviations (in this embodiment, water pump current) , These are the current operating parameters of the equipment. These are the standard operating parameters for the equipment. Weights for the rate of change of parameters (in this embodiment) ), For parameter changes, The time interval (min, in this embodiment) ), Runtime weight (fixed) ), The cumulative runtime of the device. Design life of the equipment.

[0039] Based on the multi-energy collaborative allocation formula, the system achieves optimal energy allocation. Managers can view data such as photovoltaic power generation, micro-wind power generation, soil moisture, irrigation flow, and crop growth status in real time via computer or mobile phone. At the same time, they can remotely control the start and stop of water pumps, adjust irrigation duration and water-fertilizer ratio. The system achieves unattended operation throughout the entire process. Through the early warning of the fault risk index formula with multi-parameter fusion, the remote monitoring and fault diagnosis submodule can provide early warning of potential equipment faults up to 36 hours in advance, shortening the fault handling time to within 1.5 hours. The irrigation guarantee rate reaches 99%, ensuring a stable supply of water and nutrients during the critical growth period of cotton and wolfberry.

[0040] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart water-saving irrigation system for desert areas, characterized in that, The system comprises the following components: a fully intelligent central control hub subsystem, an intelligent precision irrigation execution subsystem, and a green self-sufficient energy security subsystem; The fully intelligent central control hub subsystem includes a multi-source data integration and intelligent scheduling submodule, a remote monitoring and fault diagnosis submodule, and a full-scenario safety monitoring and emergency response submodule, which are used to realize data acquisition, command issuance, fault diagnosis and safety management. The intelligent precision irrigation execution subsystem includes a fully automatic unattended pump station execution module, a desert-specific integrated water and fertilizer delivery module, and a multi-dimensional environmental adaptation and control module. It realizes the delivery of water and nutrients according to the instructions issued by the fully intelligent central control hub subsystem. The green self-sufficient energy security subsystem includes a high-efficiency photovoltaic main power supply module, a micro-wind energy supplement module, and a potential energy recovery and intelligent energy storage module, which are used to provide power for the fully intelligent central control hub subsystem and the intelligent precision irrigation execution subsystem.

2. The intelligent water-saving irrigation system for desert areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-source data integration and intelligent scheduling submodule includes an IoT data platform, a data receiving unit, a data processing unit, and an instruction generation unit. The data receiving unit establishes communication connections with monitoring equipment, execution equipment, and energy supply equipment within the system, collecting soil moisture data, meteorological data, insect infestation data, equipment operation data, and energy supply data, and transmitting them to the IoT data platform for storage. The data processing unit filters, cleans, and integrates multi-dimensional data, and analyzes it using preset logical rules to determine irrigation and energy allocation needs. The calculation formula for irrigation needs is as follows: ,in, This refers to the demand for a single irrigation. For crop coefficients, Soil texture coefficient, For irrigated area, The optimal soil volumetric water content for crops, This represents the current soil volumetric moisture content. For the depth of the irrigation wetting layer, The formula for calculating the energy allocation requirement based on the evaporation rate of the evaporating dish is as follows: ,in, ,in, To be assigned to the Energy power of similar loads For the Real-time power consumption of similar workloads For the Energy-like The remaining battery power. This represents the total real-time power generation from the three energy sources. The available power of the battery, Based on the above irrigation and energy distribution requirements, the instruction generation unit generates irrigation control instructions and energy control instructions to the corresponding system execution units according to the rated output power of the battery, and sends them to the corresponding system execution units through the communication module.

3. The intelligent water-saving irrigation system for desert areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The remote monitoring and fault diagnosis submodule includes a terminal management platform, a data display unit, a fault monitoring unit, a fault analysis unit, and an alarm unit. The terminal management platform includes a web platform and a mobile platform. The data display unit visualizes key operational data and device operating status within the IoT data platform on the terminal management platform; the fault monitoring unit connects to device sensors, collects device operating parameters, compares them with preset normal parameter ranges, and determines whether the device is abnormal; the fault analysis unit analyzes abnormal parameters and quantifies fault risk through a multi-parameter fusion fault risk index formula, the formula of which is: ,in, This is the equipment failure risk index. , An alarm is triggered at any time. Weights for deviations in operating parameters. These are the current operating parameters of the equipment. These are the standard operating parameters for the equipment. As the weight for the rate of change of the parameter, For changes in operating parameters, The data collection time interval Weighted by runtime The cumulative runtime of the device. The design lifespan of the equipment; The alarm unit generates alarm information based on the fault analysis results and pushes it to the operation and maintenance personnel through a preset method. At the same time, it stores the fault information in the IoT data platform and matches it with fault handling guidelines.

4. The intelligent water-saving irrigation system for desert areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The full-scenario safety monitoring and emergency response submodule includes a hardware monitoring unit, a software early warning unit, an emergency decision-making unit, and an emergency execution unit; The hardware monitoring unit includes a high-definition infrared camera, a power supply leakage sensor, a pipeline pressure sensor, a water quality analyzer, and a sandstorm early warning sensor. The high-definition infrared camera is deployed around the pumping station and in key equipment areas. The power supply leakage sensor is connected in series with the power supply line. The pipeline pressure sensor is installed in the main irrigation pipeline and branch pipelines. The water quality analyzer is installed at the water source inlet and the irrigation pipeline outlet. The sandstorm early warning sensor is deployed in open areas. The software early warning unit has built-in multi-level alarm thresholds, which are set for the monitoring data. When the monitoring data exceeds the threshold, an early warning signal is triggered. After receiving the early warning signal, the emergency decision-making unit calls the preset emergency handling logic to determine the emergency measures. The emergency execution unit is connected to the system execution element to execute the emergency measures and feeds back the process and results to the terminal management platform.

5. The intelligent water-saving irrigation system for desert areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fully automatic unattended pumping station execution module includes a variable frequency water pump, an electromagnetic flow valve, a soil moisture sensor, a pressure stabilizing device, a signal conversion unit, and a feedback unit. The soil moisture sensor adopts an embedded design, with the burial depth adjusted via a bracket. The probe contacts the soil to collect soil moisture data, which is then converted by the signal conversion unit and transmitted to the fully intelligent central control subsystem. The variable frequency water pump motor is connected to a frequency converter, which receives speed control commands and adjusts the pump speed using a flow-speed adaptive control formula, the formula of which is: ,in, The target speed of the water pump, This is the current speed of the water pump. For the target irrigation flow rate, This is the current irrigation flow rate. The standard pressure of the pipeline is used; the electromagnetic flow valve is installed between the water pump outlet and the main irrigation pipeline, and the valve opening is controlled by the fully intelligent central control subsystem; the pressure stabilization device includes a pressure sensor, a pressure regulating valve and a control circuit. The pressure sensor monitors the pipeline pressure, and the control circuit drives the pressure regulating valve to operate; the feedback unit collects the operating parameters of the variable frequency water pump, the opening of the electromagnetic flow valve and the pipeline pressure, and transmits them to the fully intelligent central control subsystem.

6. The intelligent water-saving irrigation system for desert areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The desert-specific integrated water and fertilizer delivery module includes a dual-chamber water and fertilizer mixing tank, an intelligent fertilizer pump, a concentration sensor, a pipeline mixer, a liquid level sensor, and a stirring unit. The dual-chamber water and fertilizer mixing tank is divided into a clear water chamber and a fertilizer chamber, equipped with a partition, connecting pipes, and a control valve. The clear water chamber is connected to the irrigation water source, while the fertilizer chamber stores liquid fertilizer, and its inner wall is coated with an anti-corrosion layer. The mixing tank volume can be adapted to meet specific needs by replacing the tank or increasing the number of tanks. The intelligent fertilizer pump is installed between the fertilizer chamber outlet and the connecting pipe. The pump speed is dynamically adjusted by the fully intelligent central control subsystem based on a formula for dynamically calculating the fertilizer injection volume. The formula is as follows: ,in, The amount of fertilizer injected to meet the target. To achieve the target water and fertilizer concentration, This refers to the amount of water used for a single irrigation. The density of water, This refers to the concentration of the effective ingredients in liquid fertilizer. For liquid fertilizer density, To improve the efficiency of the fertilizer pump; a concentration sensor is installed on the outlet pipe of the mixing tank to transmit concentration data to the fully intelligent central control subsystem; a pipeline mixer is installed between the outlet of the mixing tank and the irrigation branch pipe, with spiral guide vanes inside; liquid level sensors are installed in the clear water chamber and fertilizer chamber respectively; the stirring unit includes a stirring motor and a stirring paddle, which is installed on the top of the mixing tank, with the stirring paddle extending into the tank.

7. The intelligent water-saving irrigation system for desert areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-dimensional environmental adaptation and control module includes a small automatic weather station, an insect monitoring lamp, a satellite remote sensing data receiving unit, a data integration unit, and a command forwarding unit. The small automatic weather station includes a support frame, a sensor group, a data acquisition unit, and a wireless communication module. The sensor group is installed at different positions on the support frame to collect meteorological data, which is then processed by the data acquisition unit and transmitted to the data integration unit. The insect monitoring lamp includes an insect-attracting light source, an insect-killing device, an image acquisition device, and a recognition unit. When the insect-attracting light source is turned on, it attracts pests; the insect-killing device treats the pests; the image acquisition device takes pictures; and the recognition unit analyzes the types and quantities of pests and transmits the data to the data integration unit. The satellite remote sensing data receiving unit includes a satellite signal receiver, a data decoder, and a storage unit. It receives satellite data, decodes it to obtain data on regional soil moisture and vegetation growth status, and transmits this data to the data integration unit. The data integration unit unifies the data format and ensures logical association, eliminating redundant data. The instruction forwarding unit transmits environmental data to the fully intelligent central control hub subsystem, receives the adjusted irrigation plan, and forwards it to the corresponding execution module.

8. The intelligent water-saving irrigation system for desert areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-efficiency photovoltaic main power supply module includes desert-specific wind-resistant photovoltaic panels, a dual-axis solar trajectory tracking system, an inverter, a combiner box, and a lightning protection unit. The desert-specific wind-resistant photovoltaic panels have an anti-reflective film and dustproof coating, a back panel made of high and low temperature resistant material, and a frame made of corrosion-resistant material. The photovoltaic panels are arranged in an array using a support structure. The dual-axis solar trajectory tracking system includes an azimuth adjustment mechanism, an altitude adjustment mechanism, a drive motor, an angle sensor, and a control unit. The azimuth adjustment mechanism drives the photovoltaic array to rotate around the vertical axis, and the altitude adjustment mechanism drives the photovoltaic array to rotate around the horizontal axis. The angle sensor collects the angle data of the photovoltaic panels and transmits it to the control unit. The control unit calculates the solar azimuth and altitude angles using the solar trajectory tracking angle formula, and the drive motor adjusts the angle of the photovoltaic panels. The formula is as follows: ,in, The azimuth of the sun. The solar altitude angle, The solar declination angle, The latitude is the local latitude. The solar hour angle is used; the combiner box is installed near the photovoltaic array to collect the output current of the photovoltaic panels and transmit it to the inverter; the inverter converts the output power of the photovoltaic panels, has protection functions, and simultaneously receives energy regulation commands from the fully intelligent central control subsystem to adjust the output power to match the solar hour angle. Requirements: The lightning protection unit includes a lightning rod and a surge protector. The lightning rod is placed at the highest point of the photovoltaic array, and the surge protector is installed at the combiner box and the inverter input terminal. The output terminal of the photovoltaic module is connected to the main distribution box of the system.

9. The intelligent water-saving irrigation system for desert areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The micro-wind energy replenishment module includes a vertical-axis micro-wind generator, a speed-increasing gearbox, a generator controller, an energy storage interface, and a protective housing. The blades of the vertical-axis micro-wind generator are made of lightweight materials with an anti-wear treatment, and the stator and rotor use a permanent magnet structure. The speed-increasing gearbox connects the generator rotor to the blade shaft. The generator controller includes a rectifier circuit, a filter circuit, and a voltage regulator circuit, receives energy regulation commands from the fully intelligent central control subsystem, and adjusts the output power to match the power requirements. Requirements: Energy storage interface connects to energy storage module; protective shell made of corrosion-resistant material covers the generator, gearbox and controller, with heat dissipation holes on the surface.

10. A smart water-saving irrigation system for desert areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The potential energy recovery and intelligent energy storage module includes a small hydroelectric generator, a water flow control valve, a lithium iron phosphate battery pack, an intelligent charge and discharge controller, a power monitoring unit, and a heat dissipation unit. The small hydroelectric generator is installed in the section between the pump station's water storage tank and the main irrigation pipeline, with its inlet connected to the bottom of the water storage tank and its outlet connected to the main irrigation pipeline. Its controller receives energy regulation commands from the fully intelligent central control subsystem and adjusts the power generation by changing the opening of the water flow control valve to match the power output. Requirements: A water flow control valve is installed at the generator inlet pipe; the lithium iron phosphate battery pack consists of individual battery cells connected in series or parallel, and the casing is made of fireproof, waterproof, and high / low temperature resistant material; the intelligent charge / discharge controller is connected to the high-efficiency photovoltaic main power supply module, the micro-wind energy supplement module, the small hydroelectric generator, and the battery pack, respectively. Internally, it includes charge / discharge control circuits, voltage detection circuits, and current detection circuits. It receives energy regulation commands from the fully intelligent central control subsystem and executes the charge / discharge strategy based on the optimal charging current formula for the battery. The formula is: ,in, The target charging current for the battery, This is the maximum allowable charging current for the battery. The remaining battery power. This represents the total real-time power generation from the three energy sources. The total power consumption of all loads in the system. The current terminal voltage of the battery is displayed; the charge and discharge controller has overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection functions; the power monitoring unit collects battery pack parameters, calculates the remaining power, and transmits it to the fully intelligent central control subsystem; the heat dissipation unit includes a cooling fan and a temperature sensor, with the temperature sensor installed inside the battery pack, and the cooling fan and temperature sensor linked together.

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