Iron-manganese damping alloy with high damping performance at low strain amplitudes and method for producing same

Abstract

The application relates to the field of damping alloy, and particularly discloses an iron-manganese damping alloy with high damping performance at low strain amplitude and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: establishing an iron-manganese alloy lattice structure model by using a three-dimensional modeling software; performing slice processing on the iron-manganese alloy lattice structure model; taking iron-manganese powder as a matrix material, and preparing an iron-manganese alloy lattice structure by using a selective laser melting additive manufacturing process; and performing heat treatment on the iron-manganese alloy lattice structure, wherein the heat treatment comprises solid solution treatment and aging treatment performed in sequence. By means of the additive manufacturing and heat treatment processes, the iron-manganese damping alloy with high strength and damping performance is prepared, and the alternating strain is amplified through the lattice structure, so that the iron-manganese damping alloy also has excellent damping performance at low strain amplitude. The damping performance tan phi of the iron-manganese alloy at a strain amplitude of 2*10 ‑4 -4 can reach 0.047, which helps to expand the application prospect of the iron-manganese alloy in the micro-vibration sensitive field.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of alloy preparation, more particularly, it relates to an iron-manganese damping alloy with high damping performance at low strain amplitude and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Vibration and noise not only shorten the service life of mechanical parts, reduce the accuracy of instruments, but also have a serious impact on the performance of mechanical equipment and the quality of people's life. Damping alloy can convert mechanical vibration energy into heat energy and dissipate it. Therefore, using damping alloy to manufacture various mechanical vibration source components can not only greatly simplify the structure, but also fundamentally effectively reduce or prevent the generation of vibration and noise.

[0003] As a key functional material for vibration and noise reduction, damping alloy has important applications in the fields of aerospace, precision instruments and transportation tools. At present, the main damping alloys mainly include manganese copper system (such as M2052), nickel titanium system (shape memory alloy) and iron manganese system. Among them, iron manganese alloy (such as Fe-17Mn) has shown significant advantages in engineering applications due to its excellent comprehensive performance balance:

[0004] Cost-effective: Fe and Mn are the main components, the raw material cost is only 1 / 5-1 / 3 of that of nickel-titanium alloy, and is lower than that of high-manganese manganese copper alloy;

[0005] Excellent mechanical properties: the yield strength (300-500 MPa) is significantly higher than that of manganese copper alloy (200-350 MPa), close to the level of medium carbon steel, which can meet the requirements of structure bearing and vibration reduction at the same time;

[0006] Good environmental adaptability: stable damping performance at room temperature and wide frequency vibration conditions, avoiding the strong temperature sensitivity defect of nickel-titanium alloy.

[0007] However, the damping performance of iron-manganese alloy under low strain amplitude working conditions (less than 5×10 -4 ) still has bottlenecks. Its traditional damping mechanism (ε-martensite twin boundary movement) has obvious amplitude dependence, which leads to poor performance in micro-vibration scenarios (such as precision machine tools and optical platforms). Experiments show that the loss factor (tanφ) of conventional iron-manganese alloy is only 0.02 at a strain amplitude of 2×10 -4 , which is much lower than the typical value of manganese copper alloy under the same conditions (>0.08).

[0008] This bottleneck seriously restricts the high-end application of iron-manganese alloy: in the field of micro-vibration sensitive such as electronic device support and high-precision sensor, the low-amplitude damping performance directly determines the damping effect. Improving this performance parameter can make iron-manganese alloy replace manganese copper / nickel titanium alloy with the advantages of low cost and high strength, and solve the long-term contradiction between vibration reduction demand and structure lightweight / cost control in the field of precision equipment. Therefore, breaking through the limit of low-strain amplitude damping performance of iron-manganese alloy is a key technical challenge for the high-end development of the material.

[0009] At the same time, at present, iron-manganese-based alloy is mainly prepared by casting and then forging, rolling, drawing and other processes. In actual industrial production, most parts often have complex structure, so the existing preparation technology of iron-manganese-based damping alloy cannot meet its development and application. In order to broaden the application scene of iron-manganese damping alloy, its damping performance at low strain must be improved, and new preparation process must be introduced to meet the preparation requirements of complex structure parts. SUMMARY

[0010] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides an iron-manganese damping alloy with high damping performance at low strain amplitude and a preparation method thereof.

[0011] The present application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0012] In a first aspect, the present application provides a preparation method of an iron-manganese damping alloy with high damping performance at low strain amplitude, which comprises:

[0013] A three-dimensional modeling software is used to establish an iron-manganese alloy lattice structure model, wherein the cell size (X, Y, Z) in the iron-manganese alloy lattice structure model is set to 4-6 mm, the structure wall thickness is set to 0.2-0.8 mm, and the porosity is 65%-85%;

[0014] The iron-manganese alloy lattice structure model is subjected to slicing treatment, and a selective laser melting additive manufacturing process is used to prepare an iron-manganese alloy lattice structure with iron-manganese powder as the matrix material.

[0015] The iron-manganese powder contains the following chemical components by weight percentage: manganese 17%-20%, oxygen 0.01%-0.08%, nitrogen 0.01-0.09%, and the balance is iron.

[0016] The printing parameters are as follows: laser power: 110W-170W, scanning speed: 500 mm / s-1000 mm / s, powder layer thickness of iron-manganese powder: 30μm, scanning interval: 60μm-80μm, and low porosity body energy density range is 60J / mm 3 -90 J / mm 3 A chessboard type scanning strategy is adopted, and the protective gas is argon.

[0017] The iron-manganese alloy lattice structure is subjected to heat treatment, which comprises solid solution treatment and aging treatment in sequence.

[0018] Preferably, the printing parameters are: laser power: 120-140 W, scanning speed: 700-800 mm / s, powder layer thickness of iron-manganese powder: 30 pm, scanning pitch: 65-75 pm, and the low porosity bulk energy density range is 68-85 J / mm 3 3 A chessboard scanning strategy is adopted, and the protective gas is argon.

[0019] Further, the overall porous structure size of the iron-manganese alloy lattice structure model is (16-24) mm * (16-24) mm * (16-24) mm.

[0020] Preferably, the overall porous structure size is 20 mm * 20 mm * 20 mm.

[0021] Further, the iron-manganese alloy lattice structure model is a three-period minimal surface structure, including any one of FRD, IWP, Diamond and Gyroid structures.

[0022] Further, the particle size of the iron-manganese powder is 15-65 pm, and the powder sphericity is greater than 0.8.

[0023] Further, the temperature of the solid solution treatment is 950-1100°C, and the time is 50-70 min.

[0024] Preferably, the temperature of the solid solution treatment is 980-1050°C, and the time is 50-70 min.

[0025] Further, the temperature of the aging treatment is 100-150°C, and the time is 40-50 min.

[0026] Preferably, the temperature of the aging treatment is 100-120°C, and the time is 40-50 min.

[0027] In a second aspect, the application provides an iron-manganese damping alloy with high damping performance at a low strain amplitude, which is prepared according to the above preparation method.

[0028] Further, the damping performance tan of the iron-manganese damping alloy is 0.04-0.047 at a strain amplitude of 2 x 10 -4

[0029] Further, the iron-manganese damping alloy has a tensile strength of ≥760 MPa, a yield strength of ≥500 MPa, an ε-martensite content of ≥96% in the microstructure, and a size of 1-3 pm.​​

[0030] In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] The present application prepares an iron-manganese damping alloy with high strength and damping performance through additive manufacturing and heat treatment process, and then amplifies the alternating strain through the lattice structure, so that it also has excellent damping performance under low strain amplitude.

[0032] The iron-manganese damping alloy has fine grains (average grain size of 1-3 μm), simple powder composition (only Fe, Mn, O, N four elements), and does not need to add Nb and other grain refining elements. The tensile strength and damping performance of the iron-manganese damping alloy are comparable to those of the forged iron-manganese damping alloy, and the yield strength is higher than that of the forged iron-manganese damping alloy. The high yield strength makes the lattice structure prepared therefrom also have excellent mechanical properties, ensuring that the lattice structure design and part design are more lightweight and have a wider design range.

[0033] The alternating strain is amplified through the lattice structure with a specific porosity (such as Diamond and Gyroid structures), so that the iron-manganese damping alloy also has excellent damping performance under low strain amplitude. The advantages of materials and structures are coordinated to embody the advanced design concept of "material-structure-function" synergistic optimization. The damping performance of the iron-manganese alloy lattice structure prepared is greatly increased under low strain amplitude, and the damping / loss factor tanφ can reach 0.047.

[0034] In the preferred embodiment of the present application, helical icosahedron (Gyroid) and diamond curved surface (Diamond) are selected for modeling. A lattice size less than 5 mm will result in high lattice density, which will weaken the advantages of lightweight lattice structure. The unit cell size (X, Y, Z) is set to 5 mm, and in order to control the porosity of the porous structure, the model is provided with 4 different thin plate wall thicknesses t. Maskery shows through numerical simulation that a 4x4x4 unit cell arrangement can achieve a porous structure stiffness very close to an infinite array, so the unit cells are arranged in 4 arrays along the X, Y and Z directions, respectively, to obtain the overall porous structure, with a size of 20mm*20mm*20mm. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 is a Gyroid lattice structure provided by Example 1;

[0036] Figure 2 is the damping performance of the solid material iron-manganese alloy after heat treatment at 900-1100℃ provided by Comparative Example 1;

[0037] Figure 3are the damping performances of the Gyroid and Diamond lattice structures with different wall thicknesses provided in Example 1 and Example 3 at a low strain amplitude (2 x 10 -4 ).

[0038] Figure 4 are the mechanical properties of the iron-manganese damping alloy after heat treatment of the lattice structure of Example 1 at 900-1100℃;

[0039] Figure 5 is a grain size weight chart of the iron-manganese damping alloy provided in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the examples, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present application and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present application. The specific conditions not mentioned in the examples are carried out according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer, and the reagents or instruments not mentioned by the manufacturer are all conventional products that can be purchased on the market.

[0041] The specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present application, and are not used to limit the present application. EXAMPLE

[0042] The present application provides an iron-manganese damping alloy, and a preparation method thereof comprises:

[0043] A three-dimensional modeling software is used to establish a Gyroid lattice structure model of the iron-manganese alloy, the lattice structure unit cell size (X, Y, Z) is set to 5 mm, the overall porous structure size is 20 mm*20 mm*20 mm, the structure wall thickness is set to 0.4 mm, and the porosity is 84.53%.

[0044] A slicing software is used to slice the established model, and the model is imported into a 3D printing device for printing. The printing parameters are as follows: laser power: 130 W, scanning speed: 750 mm / s, powder layer thickness: 30 μm, scanning interval: 70 μm, and volumetric energy density: 82.5 J / mm 3 . A chessboard type scanning strategy is used, argon gas is used for protection during the printing process, and the obtained lattice structure is as shown in Figure 1 .

[0045] After printing, the obtained iron-manganese alloy Gyroid lattice structure is heat treated. The heat treatment process is 1000℃ solid solution for 1 hour, and then aging at 150℃ for 40 minutes. EXAMPLE

[0046] The present application provides an iron-manganese damping alloy, and a preparation method thereof comprises:

[0047] The three-dimensional modeling software is used to establish the iron-manganese alloy Gyroid lattice structure model, the lattice structure unit cell size (X, Y, Z) is set to 5 mm, the overall porous structure size is 20 mm*20 mm*20 mm, the structure wall thickness is set to 0.6 mm, and the porosity is 68.95%.

[0048] The model is sliced using a slicing software, and is imported into a 3D printing device to be printed, the printing parameters are as follows: laser power: 170 W, scanning speed: 1000 mm / s, powder layer thickness: 30 μm, scanning interval: 80 μm, and the bulk energy density is 70.8 J / mm 3 , the chessboard type scanning strategy is adopted, and argon is used for protection during the printing process.

[0049] After the printing is completed, the obtained iron-manganese alloy Gyroid lattice structure is subjected to heat treatment, the heat treatment process is 1100℃ solid solution for 1 hour, and then aging at 100℃ for 50 minutes.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] The application provides an iron-manganese damping alloy, and a preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

[0052] The three-dimensional modeling software is used to establish the iron-manganese alloy Diamond lattice structure model, the lattice structure unit cell size (X, Y, Z) is set to 5 mm, the overall porous structure size is 20 mm*20 mm*20 mm, the structure wall thickness is set to 0.4 mm, and the porosity is 81.52%.

[0053] The model is sliced using a slicing software, and is imported into a 3D printing device to be printed, the printing parameters are as follows: laser power: 140 W, scanning speed: 800 mm / s, powder layer thickness: 30 μm, scanning interval: 75 μm, and the bulk energy density is 77.8 J / mm 3 , the chessboard type scanning strategy is adopted, and argon is used for protection during the printing process.

[0054] After the printing is completed, the obtained iron-manganese alloy Diamond lattice structure is subjected to heat treatment, the heat treatment process is 950℃ solid solution for 70 minutes, and then aging at 150℃ for 50 minutes.

[0055] Example 4

[0056] The application provides an iron-manganese damping alloy, and a preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

[0057] A three-dimensional modeling software is used to establish a diamond lattice structure model of ferromanganese alloy, the lattice structure unit cell size (X, Y, Z) is set to 5 mm, the overall porous structure size is 20 mm*20 mm*20 mm, the structure wall thickness is set to 0.6 mm, and the porosity is 72.15%.

[0058] The established model is sliced using slicing software, and is imported into a 3D printing device for printing, the printing parameters are: laser power: 150 W, scanning speed: 900 mm / s, powder layer thickness: 30 um, scanning interval: 80 um, and the bulk energy density is 69.4 J / mm 3 , a chessboard type scanning strategy is used, and argon is used for protection during the printing process.

[0059] After printing, the obtained diamond lattice structure of ferromanganese alloy is heat treated, the heat treatment process is 1000 DEG C solid solution for 60 min, and then aging at 100 DEG C for 50 min.

[0060] Comparative Example 1

[0061] This comparative example is to prepare a ferromanganese damping alloy by constructing a solid material model, the preparation method comprises:

[0062] (1) Construct a solid material model, the model size is 40 mm*5 mm*1.5 mm.

[0063] (2) The established model is sliced using slicing software, and is imported into a 3D printing device for printing. The printing parameters are: laser power: 130 W, scanning speed: 750 mm / s, powder layer thickness: 30 um, scanning interval: 70 um, and argon is used for protection during the printing process.

[0064] (3) After printing, the obtained ferromanganese alloy solid structure is heat treated, the heat treatment process is 1000 DEG C solid solution for 1 hour, and then aging at 150 DEG C for 40 min.

[0065] Comparative Example 2

[0066] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the model structure is different:

[0067] A three-dimensional modeling software is used to establish a primitive structure model of ferromanganese alloy, the unit cell size (X, Y, Z) is set to 5 mm, the overall porous structure size is 20 mm*20 mm*20 mm, the structure wall thickness is set to 0.4 mm, and the porosity is 72.54%.

[0068] Other additive manufacturing and heat treatment processes are consistent with Example 1.

[0069] Comparative Example 3

[0070] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the lattice structure model is different:

[0071] A three-dimensional modeling software was used to establish an iron-manganese alloy Gyroid lattice structure model. The lattice structure unit cell size (X, Y, Z) was set to 5 mm, the overall porous structure size was 20 mm*20 mm*20 mm, the structure wall thickness was set to 1 mm, and the porosity was 61.08%.

[0072] Comparative Example 4

[0073] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the printing parameters in the additive manufacturing process are different:

[0074] The printing parameters are: laser power: 110 W, scanning speed: 800 mm / s, powder layer thickness: 30 pm, scanning interval: 90 pm, and the bulk energy density range is 50.9 J / mm 3 A chessboard scanning strategy was used, and argon gas was used for protection during printing.

[0075] Performance detection test

[0076] (I) Determination of damping factor tan phi

[0077] Damping performance of lattice structure: The fatigue testing machine was used to test the damping performance of the lattice structure. The stress-strain sensor was used to test the strain (stress) of the material under alternating stress (strain), and then the damping factor tan phi of the material under low strain amplitude (~ 2 x 10 -4 ) was calculated.

[0078] Test the damping performance of the solid material: The dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA, Dynamic mechanical analyzer) was used to test the damping performance of the solid material. The equipment model is TA Q800. The device was used to test the strain (stress) of the material under alternating stress (strain), and then the damping factor tan phi of the material under low strain amplitude (~ 2 x 10 -4 ) was calculated.

[0079] The structure is shown in Table 1:

[0080] Table 1.

[0081]

[0082] From Table 1 and Figures 2-3 It can be seen that:

[0083] The damping performance of the solid material obtained by printing in Comparative Example 1 after heat treatment at 900-1100°C is as follows: Figure 2As shown in the figure, the damping performance of the solid ferromanganese damping alloy is positively correlated with the strain amplitude. The damping performance is excellent when the strain amplitude is large, but the damping performance at low strain amplitude is poor.

[0084] Examples 1-4, which are prepared by the preparation process of the present application, have ferromanganese alloys with Gyroid or Diamond lattice structures, and the damping loss factor tanφ at a low strain amplitude of 2 × 10 -4 significantly better than that of the solid material of Comparative Example 1; and different model structures also have a significant impact on the damping loss factor tanφ of the material. For example, the damping loss factor tanφ of Comparative Example 2 using a Primitive model structure is not significantly improved.

[0085] At the same time, the porosity of the lattice structure will further affect the damping loss factor tanφ of the material, Figure 3 The damping performance of two Gyroid or Diamond lattice structures with different wall thicknesses (the preparation methods thereof are basically the same as those of Example 1 and Example 3, and the difference is that the wall thicknesses are 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mm and 1 mm, respectively), as shown in the figure, the damping performance of the Gyroid lattice structure is better than that of the Diamond structure, and the damping performance at low strain decreases with the increase of the wall thickness. The increase of the wall thickness directly affects the porosity, and the decrease of the porosity leads to the decrease of the damping performance. This is mainly because the lower the porosity, the closer the material performance to the solid material, and the worse the effect of amplifying alternating strain brought by the lattice structure, so the damping performance decreases.

[0086] In addition, in the process of additive manufacturing, the energy density in the printing parameters is crucial to the performance of the material (such as Comparative Example 4). This parameter is jointly determined by the laser power, scanning speed and scanning spacing. When the energy density is low, the metal powder particles are not completely melted or fused, resulting in a large number of pore defects, which greatly reduces the performance of the material and fails to meet the application requirements.

[0087] Mechanical property determination

[0088] Tensile strength and yield strength: for solid materials, the tensile strength and yield strength data are obtained by tensile mechanical property test, standard: GB / T 228.1-2021 Metallic materials-Tensile testing-Part 1: Method of test at room temperature, for lattice structures, the compression mechanical properties of the lattice structure are obtained by GB / T 31930-2015 Metallic materials-Ductility testing-Compressive testing method for porous and cellular metals.

[0089] The ε-martensite content and grain size: the ε-martensite content and grain size are obtained by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) phase analysis and statistics, grain size distribution and the like.

[0090] The results are as follows:

[0091] The iron-manganese damping alloy provided by the embodiment 1 of the present application has excellent mechanical properties. Figure 4 The mechanical property diagrams of the iron-manganese damping alloys obtained after heat treatment at 900-1100℃ of five kinds of lattice structures prepared by the methods of steps (1) and (2) in the embodiment 1 are shown in the figure. As can be seen from the figure, the tensile strength of the alloy after heat treatment can reach about 750MPa, and the yield strength is higher than 500MPa, while the yield strength of the traditional forged iron-manganese damping alloy is lower than this value (the yield strength of the forged FeMn alloy with the same composition is about 300MPa).

[0092] For the ε-martensite content and grain size, the ε-martensite content of the iron-manganese damping alloy of the embodiment 1 is 96.8%; the grain size weight diagram is as shown in the figure Figure 5 As can be seen from the figure, the average grain size is 2.2μm.

[0093] The specific embodiment is only an explanation of the present application, and is not a limitation of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make modifications to the present embodiment without creative contribution according to the needs after reading the present specification, but as long as it is within the scope of the claims of the present application, it is protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. An iron-manganese damping alloy having high damping properties at low strain amplitudes, characterized in that, The damping performance tan of the iron-manganese damping alloy is 0.040-0.047 under a strain amplitude of 2*10-4; the tensile strength of the iron-manganese damping alloy is greater than or equal to 760 MPa, the yield strength is greater than or equal to 500 MPa, the content of epsilon-martensite in the microstructure is greater than or equal to 96%, and the average grain size is 1-3 mu m.

2. The iron-manganese damping alloy having high damping properties at low strain amplitudes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw material iron-manganese powder of the iron-manganese damping alloy contains the following chemical components by weight percentage: manganese 17%-20%, oxygen 0.01%-0.08%, nitrogen 0.01-0.09%, and the balance is iron.

3. The iron-manganese damping alloy having high damping properties at low strain amplitudes according to claim 2, characterized in that The particle size of the iron-manganese powder is 15-65 mu m, and the powder sphericity is greater than 0.

8.

4. A method of producing a Fe-Mn damping alloy having high damping properties at low strain amplitudes, characterized in that It comprises: A three-dimensional modeling software is used to establish an iron-manganese alloy lattice structure model, wherein the cell size (X, Y, Z) of the iron-manganese alloy lattice structure model is set to 4-6 mm, the wall thickness is 0.2-0.8 mm, the porosity is 65%-85%, and the iron-manganese alloy lattice structure model is any one of Diamond and Gyroid structure; The iron-manganese alloy lattice structure model is subjected to slicing treatment, and a selective laser melting additive manufacturing process is used to prepare an iron-manganese alloy lattice structure with the iron-manganese powder as the matrix material; The iron-manganese powder contains the following chemical components by weight percentage: manganese 17%-20%, oxygen 0.01%-0.08%, nitrogen 0.01-0.09%, and the balance is iron; The printing parameters are as follows: laser power: 110-170 W, scanning speed: 500-1000 mm / s, powder layer thickness of iron-manganese powder: 30 mu m, scanning interval: 70-90 mu m, bulk energy density range: 60-90 J / mm3, chessboard scanning strategy is adopted, and the protective gas is argon; The iron-manganese alloy lattice structure is subjected to heat treatment, and the heat treatment comprises solid solution treatment and aging treatment in sequence.

5. The method for preparing the iron-manganese damping alloy with high damping performance under low strain amplitude according to claim 4, characterized in that, The overall porous structure size of the iron-manganese alloy lattice structure model is (16-24) mm*(16-24) mm*(16-24) mm.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein the Fe-Mn damping alloy having high damping capacity at low strain amplitudes is prepared by the steps of: The temperature of the solid solution treatment is 950-1100 DEG C, and the time is 50-70 min. ​ 7. The method for preparing the iron-manganese damping alloy with high damping performance under low strain amplitude according to claim 4, characterized in that, The temperature of the aging treatment is 100-150 DEG C, and the time is 40-50 min.

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