Hard rock crushing method combining backhoe dredger and high-frequency breaking hammer

Abstract

The invention provides a hard rock crushing method combining a backhoe dredger and a high-frequency breaking hammer. The hard rock crushing method mainly comprises the following steps of process selection, operation preparation, measurement positioning, covering layer clearing and digging, hard rock drilling, high-frequency breaking hammer rock breaking, backhoe dredger digging, waste slag clearing, engineering inspection and engineering completion. The method can cope with the block hard rock working condition, the navigation capacity of a channel is improved, meanwhile, the influence on aquatic ecology can be reduced, and the construction efficiency and ecological protection are both considered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waterway dredging engineering technology, specifically to a method for hard rock breaking using a backhoe dredger and a high-frequency hydraulic breaker. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous growth of shipping demand, it is necessary to increase the depth and width of waterways to ensure navigation capacity and safety. However, while improving navigation capacity and optimizing waterway structure, we also face the challenge of balancing ecological protection and engineering efficiency, especially in the field of underwater excavation in hard rock.

[0003] In past construction projects, traditional underwater blasting excavation technology has been widely used due to its highly efficient breaking capacity. However, while blasting operations offer high construction efficiency, they also generate strong vibrations, noise, and sediment disturbance, which have a significant negative impact on aquatic ecosystems.

[0004] When the rock strength is greater than 30MPa, traditional large construction vessels such as chain bucket and grab bucket dredgers cannot break up hard rock.

[0005] Therefore, finding a new technological approach in rock bottom dredging projects that can balance hard rock fracturing and ecological protection has become a core issue that urgently needs to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hard rock breaking method that combines a backhoe dredger with a high-frequency breaker. This method, which combines a backhoe dredger with a high-frequency breaker, can balance hard rock breaking and ecological protection, thereby effectively realizing waterway dredging construction and improving work efficiency.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned technical features, the objective of this invention is as follows: a method for hard rock breaking combining a backhoe dredger and a high-frequency hydraulic breaker, characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1, Process Selection: Conduct geological surveys and investigations of the excavation area to determine the construction process; Step 2, Work Preparation: Divide the construction area and formulate a construction plan; Step 3, Measurement and Positioning: Position the working vessel and measure the tide level data; Step 4, clearing the overburden: Use a backhoe dredger to clear the overburden; Step 5, Hard rock drilling: Based on the areas with high rock strength reported in the geological exploration and survey report, drill points are set up using a positioning system, and drilling equipment is used to pre-process the boreholes according to the positioning points. Step 6, High-frequency breaker rock breaking: Starting from the easily breakable section, the area treated in step 5 is subjected to layered high-frequency breaker rock breaking operations from top to bottom; Step 7, backhoe dredger excavation: The area after the construction in Step 6 is excavated using a backhoe dredger to clear and transport the crushed rock after being broken by the high-frequency breaker and to excavate and transport the soft soil and cemented pebbles under the surface hard rock. Step 8, cleaning up waste: The backhoe dredger transports the crushed rock, soft soil and cemented pebbles to the equipped shuttle boat, which then transports them to the unloading site for unloading. Step 9, Engineering Inspection: Inspect whether the dredged area has reached the design bottom height. If the measurement is qualified, proceed with the final acceptance work. If the area is not qualified, return to Step 5 for repeated construction. Step 10, Project Completion: The project reaches the designed bottom height, the project is finished, and the project acceptance work is carried out.

[0008] Preferably, in step 1, the geological survey is carried out by drilling a borehole in the construction area to collect samples, testing the soil samples, and generating a geological exploration report. The geological survey involves estimating the rock strength in the construction area based on past geological exploration reports of the construction area and its vicinity, and then combining these reports to form a geological exploration survey report. If sampling is not permitted in the construction area, the geological survey will be conducted in accordance with these reports.

[0009] Preferably, in step 2, the construction plan is formulated based on the geological exploration and survey report, which determines and divides the rock strength in the construction area, and then divides the construction area into sections; the area with high rock strength is the rock area with surface hard rock strength of 30 to 100 MPa.

[0010] Preferably, in step 3, DGPS-RTK positioning technology is used, and a multibeam echo sounder is used for measurement to calculate tidal data in real time, ensuring that the hammering depth can reach centimeter-level measurement accuracy. In shallow treatment areas, the measurement frequency needs to be further increased to avoid over- or under-excavation.

[0011] Preferably, in step 4, the thickness of the overburden layer needs to be determined based on the geological exploration report. If the thickness of the overburden layer is no more than 0.3m, the rock is directly crushed by impact. If the thickness of the overburden layer is greater than 0.3m, the overburden layer is first removed by using a backhoe dredger, and then the rock is crushed.

[0012] Preferably, in step 5, the drilling density, drilling radius, and drilling depth parameters are determined based on the strength of the hard rock excavated in the geological exploration and survey report of step 1.

[0013] Preferably, in step 6, before starting the high-frequency crushing device, the posture of the impact unit is adjusted by the hydraulic actuator to ensure that the crushing teeth are in full contact with the rock surface, and the device is started only after confirming that the contact is complete; after completing a single rock stripping operation, the hydraulic power supply is cut off in advance to avoid the equipment impacting under no-load conditions; during operation, the bucket teeth are aligned vertically with the rock surface to make full use of the impact energy of the high-frequency breaker.

[0014] Preferably, in step 8, the positions of each vessel need to be adjusted before work begins to facilitate the backhoe dredger feeding material into the docking vessel, and docking vessels of a certain capacity need to be arranged according to the corresponding work efficiency.

[0015] Preferably, the ship positioning method adopts a steel pile positioning system, wherein at least two positioning steel piles are arranged near the stern of the bucket machine, at least one traveling pile is arranged at the bow, and the hull is provided with corresponding slots to cooperate with the steel pile operation.

[0016] Preferably, the process of the backhoe dredger delivering material to the docking vessel specifically includes: utilizing the bucket machine mounted on the backhoe dredger to achieve rotational movement through a slewing mechanism installed at the bottom of the bucket machine, thereby completing the precise positioning of the bucket; during operation, the slewing mechanism works in coordination with the digging system to drive the bucket machine to complete the rotational movement, while the boom, stick, and bucket work together to realize a series of continuous operation processes including bucket placement, digging, bucket loading, lifting, slewing, and unloading.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Compared with traditional underwater blasting technology, this invention has a smaller impact on the ecological environment and responds to the sustainable development strategy; 2. Compared with traditional large construction vessels such as chain bucket and grab bucket dredgers, this invention can be applied to the working conditions of blocky hard rock in the process of waterway dredging. 3. Compared with using drilling equipment alone in conjunction with a backhoe dredger for hard rock construction, this invention reduces wear on bucket structural components during rock and hard soil excavation by breaking up hard rock blocks with a high-frequency breaker, reduces the impact on the backhoe dredger's excavation equipment, and reduces the shaking of the entire hull during excavation, making it more reliable and creating favorable conditions for maximizing the channel dredging capabilities of the backhoe dredger. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall construction of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the construction process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] Example 1: like Figure 2 The diagram shown is a construction process flow chart of the present invention, a hard rock breaking method combining a backhoe dredger and a high-frequency hydraulic breaker, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Process selection: Conduct geological surveys and investigations of the excavation area to determine the construction process.

[0023] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 1, the geological survey is to use a drilling vessel to drill and sample in the construction area, test the soil samples, and form a geological exploration report; the geological investigation is to estimate the rock strength of the construction area based on past geological exploration reports of the construction area and the geological exploration reports near the construction area, and to form a geological investigation report by combining the geological exploration reports.

[0024] Step 2: Work preparation: Divide the construction area and formulate a construction plan.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 2, the solution is formulated by judging and dividing the rock strength in the construction area based on the geological exploration and survey report, and then dividing the construction area into sections; the area with high rock strength is the rock area with surface hard rock strength of 30 to 100 MPa.

[0026] Step 3: Measurement and Positioning: Position the working vessel and measure the tide level data.

[0027] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, step 3 mainly employs DGPS-RTK positioning technology and utilizes a multibeam echo sounder system for measurement, real-time calculation of tidal data, ensuring that the hammering depth can achieve centimeter-level measurement accuracy. In shallow treatment areas, it is necessary to further increase the measurement frequency to avoid adverse situations such as over-excavation or under-excavation.

[0028] Step 4: Remove the overburden layer: Use a backhoe dredger to remove the overburden layer.

[0029] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 4, the thickness of the overburden layer needs to be determined according to the geological exploration and survey report. When the thickness of the overburden layer is no more than 0.3m (i.e., shallow rock), it is advisable to directly impact and crush the rock; when the thickness of the overburden layer is greater than 0.3m, the overburden layer should be removed first using a backhoe dredger before crushing the rock.

[0030] Step 5: Hard rock drilling: Based on the areas with high rock strength reported in the geological exploration report, use a positioning system to set up drilling points, and use drilling equipment to pre-process the drilling according to the positioning points.

[0031] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 5, the drilling density, drilling radius and drilling depth are determined based on the strength of the hard rock excavated in the geological exploration and survey report of step 1.

[0032] Step 6: High-frequency breaker rock breaking: Starting from the easily breakable section, the area treated in Step 5 is subjected to layered high-frequency breaker rock breaking operations from top to bottom.

[0033] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 6, before starting the high-frequency crushing device, the posture of the impact unit should be adjusted by the hydraulic actuator to ensure that the crushing teeth are in full contact with the rock surface. The device should only be started after confirming that contact has been achieved. After completing a single rock stripping operation, the hydraulic power supply should be cut off in advance to avoid the equipment impacting under no-load conditions. During operation, the bucket teeth should be aligned vertically with the rock surface as much as possible to fully utilize the impact energy of the high-frequency breaker and improve crushing efficiency.

[0034] Step 7: Backhoe dredger excavation: The area after the construction in Step 6 is excavated using a backhoe dredger to clear and transport the crushed rock from the high-frequency hydraulic breaker and to excavate and transport the soft soil and cemented pebbles under the surface hard rock.

[0035] Step 8: Clean up the waste: The backhoe dredger transports the crushed rock, soft soil and cemented pebbles to the equipped shuttle boat, which then transports them to the unloading site for unloading.

[0036] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 8, the positions of each vessel need to be adjusted before work to facilitate the delivery of material from the backhoe dredger to the docking vessel. Simultaneously, docking vessels of a certain capacity need to be arranged according to the corresponding work efficiency. The vessel positioning method adopts a steel pile positioning system, wherein two positioning steel piles are arranged near the stern of the bucket machine, and one traveling pile is arranged at the bow. The hull has three corresponding slots to facilitate the operation of the steel piles. The delivery of material from the backhoe dredger to the docking vessel mainly utilizes the bucket machine mounted on the backhoe dredger, which achieves rotational movement through a slewing mechanism installed at the bottom of the bucket machine, thereby completing the precise positioning of the bucket. During operation, the slewing mechanism works in conjunction with the digging system to drive the bucket machine to complete the rotational movement. Simultaneously, the boom, stick, and bucket operate in conjunction to realize a series of continuous operation processes such as bucket placement, digging, bucket loading, lifting, slewing, and unloading.

[0037] Step 9: Project Inspection: Inspect whether the dredged area has reached the design bottom height. If the measurement is qualified, proceed with the final acceptance work. If the area is not qualified, return to Step 5 for repeated construction.

[0038] Step 10: Project Completion: The project reaches the designed bottom height, the project is finished, and the project acceptance work is carried out.

[0039] Example 2: In actual construction: This project is located in a waterway with a dredging baseline length of 1160m. The dredging design section volume is 35631m³, the extra-deep and extra-wide volume is 26571m³, and the total volume is 62202m³. After dredging by chain bucket dredgers and grab bucket dredgers, the remaining design section volume is 1754m³, all of which is hard soil that cannot be dredged.

[0040] Initially, a backhoe dredger with a 7-cubic-meter bucket was used for forceful excavation, but the results were poor. While waiting for drilling, shallow excavation was carried out in other areas to clear the overburden. The dredger was then moved to the drilling area for forceful excavation. After the forceful excavation was completed, measurements were taken, and some harder areas still did not meet the requirements. A high-frequency hydraulic breaker was then used for breaking up the debris. After the hydraulic breaker operation was completed, a 7-cubic-meter bucket was used for clearing and excavation, completing the construction task for the entire Caoxieqi area. Measurements showed that all areas met the design requirements. At the end of the construction, based on the volume of the mud barge, a total of 8700 cubic meters of earthwork was completed, consuming 151.16 tons of diesel fuel.

[0041] For high-risk operations in construction projects that could easily lead to mass casualties or significant economic losses, a tiered control strategy is implemented in accordance with the "Regulations on Safety Management of Sub-projects with High Risk" and the "Engineering Quality and Safety Manual (Trial Implementation)". Construction units, surveying units, and design units should fulfill their pre-construction safeguards; construction units must develop specialized construction technical plans that include emergency response plans; and supervision units must fulfill their dynamic monitoring responsibilities. On-site safety management adopts a grid-based responsibility system, equipped with intelligent safety monitoring equipment and occupational health supervisors, constructing a three-tiered prevention and control system of "monitoring-early warning-response". Simultaneously, an occupational health protection system is established, mobile first-aid units are deployed, periodic occupational health screenings are implemented, and individual health databases are established.

[0042] Specialized vehicles must be used to transport building materials and remove construction waste such as excavated soil. These vehicles must be covered with protective covers, and their speed must be limited. Vehicles must be washed before leaving the site and must not carry any waste with them. Sand and gravel storage areas should be located in fixed locations, preferably in relatively open areas, and effective dust suppression measures should be implemented to reduce the impact of dust on the living environment of surrounding residents.

[0043] Working principle of this invention: For hard rock conditions (above 30MPa) that cannot be directly excavated by backhoe dredgers, the overburden layer is first cleared, and then pre-treatment is carried out by drilling according to the set drilling points. Then, in the treated area, starting from the easily breakable section, layered high-frequency breaker hammer crushing operation is carried out from top to bottom to break the blocky hard rock into small pieces, which is conducive to the subsequent excavation, cleaning and transportation by the backhoe dredger.

[0044] This construction method utilizes a backhoe dredger and a steel pile positioning system, including cable-driven lifting, winch wire rope traction for trolley movement, and hydraulic cylinder pile repositioning technology. It is also equipped with a heavy-duty underwater high-frequency breaker. When encountering hard rock conditions, the bucket can be quickly disassembled, and the breaker installed at the end of the boom, allowing for flexible equipment switching. For hard soil or medium to large rock masses that the bucket cannot directly excavate, the workflow can be adjusted to first pre-break the target rock layer with the high-frequency breaker, and then switch to the bucket for subsequent clearing operations.

[0045] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for hard rock breaking combining a backhoe dredger and a high-frequency hydraulic breaker, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, Process Selection: Conduct geological surveys and investigations of the excavation area to determine the construction process; Step 2, Work Preparation: Divide the construction area and formulate a construction plan; Step 3, Measurement and Positioning: Position the working vessel and measure the tide level data; Step 4, clearing the overburden: Use a backhoe dredger to clear the overburden; Step 5, Hard rock drilling: Based on the areas with high rock strength reported in the geological exploration and survey report, drill points are set up using a positioning system, and drilling equipment is used to pre-process the boreholes according to the positioning points. Step 6, High-frequency breaker rock breaking: Starting from the easily breakable section, the area treated in step 5 is subjected to layered high-frequency breaker rock breaking operations from top to bottom; Step 7, backhoe dredger excavation: The area after the construction in Step 6 is excavated using a backhoe dredger to clear and transport the crushed rock after being broken by the high-frequency breaker and to excavate and transport the soft soil and cemented pebbles under the surface hard rock. Step 8, cleaning up waste: The backhoe dredger transports the crushed rock, soft soil and cemented pebbles to the equipped shuttle boat, which then transports them to the unloading site for unloading. Step 9, Engineering Inspection: Inspect whether the dredged area has reached the design bottom height. If the measurement is qualified, proceed with the final acceptance work. If the area is not qualified, return to Step 5 for repeated construction. Step 10, Project Completion: The project reaches the designed bottom height, the project is finished, and the project acceptance work is carried out.

2. The method for hard rock breaking using a backhoe dredger and a high-frequency hydraulic breaker as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the geological survey involves using a drilling vessel to drill and sample soil samples in the construction area, and then testing the soil samples to generate a geological exploration report. The geological survey involves estimating the rock strength in the construction area based on past geological exploration reports of the construction area and its vicinity, and then combining these reports to form a geological exploration survey report. If sampling is not permitted in the construction area, the geological survey will be conducted in accordance with these reports.

3. The method for hard rock breaking using a backhoe dredger and a high-frequency hydraulic breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step 2, the construction plan is formulated based on the geological exploration and survey report, which determines and divides the rock strength in the construction area, and then divides the construction area into zones and sections; the area with high rock strength is the rock area with surface hard rock strength of 30 to 100 MPa.

4. The method for hard rock breaking using a backhoe dredger and a high-frequency hydraulic breaker as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, DGPS-RTK positioning technology is used, and a multibeam echo sounder is used for measurement to calculate tidal data in real time, ensuring that the hammering depth can reach centimeter-level measurement accuracy. In shallow treatment areas, the measurement frequency needs to be further increased to avoid over- or under-excavation.

5. The method for hard rock breaking using a backhoe dredger and a high-frequency hydraulic breaker as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, the thickness of the overburden layer needs to be determined based on the geological exploration report. If the thickness of the overburden layer is no more than 0.3m, the rock is directly crushed by impact. If the thickness of the overburden layer is greater than 0.3m, the overburden layer is first removed by using a backhoe dredger, and then the rock is crushed.

6. The method for hard rock breaking using a backhoe dredger and a high-frequency hydraulic breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step 5, the drilling density, drilling radius, and drilling depth parameters are determined based on the strength of the hard rock excavated in the geological exploration and survey report of step 1.

7. The method for hard rock breaking using a backhoe dredger and a high-frequency hydraulic breaker as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 6, before starting the high-frequency crushing device, the posture of the impact unit is adjusted by the hydraulic actuator to ensure that the crushing teeth are in full contact with the rock surface. The device is started only after the contact is confirmed. After completing a single rock stripping operation, the hydraulic power supply is cut off in advance to avoid the equipment impacting without load. During operation, the bucket teeth are aligned vertically with the rock surface to make full use of the impact energy of the high-frequency breaker.

8. The method for hard rock breaking using a backhoe dredger and a high-frequency hydraulic breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that, Before starting work in step 8, the positions of each vessel need to be adjusted to facilitate the backhoe dredger to deliver material to the docking vessel. At the same time, docking vessels of a certain capacity need to be arranged according to the corresponding work efficiency.

9. The method for hard rock breaking using a backhoe dredger and a high-frequency hydraulic breaker according to claim 4, characterized in that, The ship positioning method adopts a steel pile positioning system, in which at least two positioning steel piles are arranged near the stern of the bucket machine, and at least one traveling pile is arranged at the bow. The hull is provided with multiple corresponding slots to facilitate the steel pile operation.

10. The method for combined hard rock breaking using a backhoe dredger and a high-frequency hydraulic breaker according to claim 8, characterized in that, The process of feeding material from the backhoe dredger to the docking vessel specifically includes: utilizing the bucket machine mounted on the backhoe dredger to achieve rotational movement through a slewing mechanism installed at the bottom of the bucket machine, thereby completing the precise positioning of the bucket; during operation, the slewing mechanism works in coordination with the digging system to drive the bucket machine to complete the rotational movement, while the boom, stick, and bucket work together to realize a series of continuous operation processes including bucket placement, digging, bucket loading, lifting, slewing, and unloading.

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