General bogie ballast test stand and test method

Abstract

The invention relates to a universal bogie ballast test stand and a test method, and belongs to the technical field of railway vehicle manufacturing, and the universal bogie ballast test stand comprises a bearing mechanism for bearing a bogie; the bearing mechanism is externally connected with the transmission device, driven by the driving device and used for testing the power performance of the bogie; the fixing frame is erected on the bearing mechanism and is used for fixing the bogie during the dynamic performance test; and the loading mechanism is erected on the fixed frame and is used for loading a load on the bogie and monitoring a pressure value. The device also comprises a stress testing device and a power detection device, and achieves the multifunctional integrated test of the bogie. Practical product tests verify that the method solves the problems of scattered test equipment and low efficiency in the prior art, and has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in operation, stable function, long service life, high data integration level and wide application range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of rail vehicle manufacturing technology, and in particular relates to a universal bogie ballast test bench and test method, which is applicable to verification tests such as press-fitting, static stress analysis and dynamic performance of locomotive bogies. Background Technology

[0002] The bogie is a core component of rail vehicles, responsible for supporting the car body, transmitting traction and braking forces, and mitigating track impacts. With the development of railway transportation towards high speed, heavy load, and intelligent operation, bogie design and manufacturing technologies have undergone numerous innovations. However, current bogie testing often employs decentralized equipment, such as separate pressure machines, dynamometers, and temperature rise testers. These methods offer limited testing capabilities, failing to address the integration of ballast and dynamic testing, resulting in poor data synchronization, cumbersome operation, and high costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a universal bogie ballast test bench and test method, which integrates press fitting, static ballast, dynamic testing, and electrical testing to verify product reliability and ultimate performance, and improve test efficiency and data accuracy.

[0004] In view of this, on the one hand, a universal bogie ballast test bench of the present invention includes: The load-bearing mechanism supports the bogie; the load-bearing mechanism is connected to an external transmission device, which is driven by the drive device and used for testing the dynamic performance of the bogie. A mounting bracket, erected on the bearing mechanism, is used to secure the bogie during power performance testing. The loading mechanism, mounted on the fixed frame, applies load to the bogie and monitors the pressure value.

[0005] A general bogie ballast test bench according to an embodiment of the present invention has at least the following technical effects: (1) Mechanical-electric coupling test: A comprehensive test including ballast, traction and temperature rise is completed on the same test frame; (2) High-precision data synchronization: High-precision data synchronization and real-time correlation analysis of multiple parameters, including stress, rotation speed and current, are achieved by setting up a terminal computer; (3) Modular design: adaptable to different bogie models, reducing the cost of repeated equipment investment.

[0006] The universal bogie ballast test bench provided by this invention has low manufacturing cost, reliable operation, good safety performance, and long service life. Using this invention can effectively improve work efficiency, and its simple structure meets the requirements for installation and testing.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a base frame is also included as a base to support the load-bearing mechanism.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the loading mechanism is a standard gantry-type pressure mechanism, including a crossbeam and longitudinal beams vertically arranged at both ends of the crossbeam, and a load loading device for the bogie is installed on the crossbeam.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, one of the longitudinal beams has an opening at its lower end to create a misalignment with the transmission device and avoid interference.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the mounting bracket includes a height-adjustable bogie mounting bracket, which is mounted and fixed on a fixed beam.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the adjusting device for adjusting the height of the bogie mounting frame is a screw drive mechanism, which is connected to the bogie mounting frame via an adapter.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the load-bearing mechanism includes a screw drive mechanism, through which two moving parts move along a guide rail; the moving parts include a bogie support frame, and a passive wheel set is mounted on the support frame and connected to a transmission device.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a stress testing device is also included, comprising strain gauges, a data acquisition instrument, and a terminal computer, for stress acquisition, transmission, and processing at key points of the bogie.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a power detection device is also included. The power detection device includes a flywheel device, which is connected to the transmission device in sequence through a power motor, a transmission belt and a gearbox, and is equipped with a temperature sensor, a speed sensor, and a current, voltage and waveform detector.

[0015] On the other hand, the universal bogie ballast test method of the present invention, using the above-mentioned universal bogie ballast test bench, specifically includes the following steps: S1: Assembly and commissioning of the general bogie ballast test bench: S2: Static stress test: S3: Dynamic performance test during powered-on operation: S4: Rated Speed ​​Motor Performance Test S5: Traction Test S6: Constant Resistance Test S7: Braking force test.

[0016] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this drawing or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this drawing. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the universal bogie ballast test bench provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the layout and logic of a universal bogie ballast test bench provided for an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the loading mechanism in the universal bogie ballast test bench provided by the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the fixing frame in the universal bogie ballast test bench provided by the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the load-bearing mechanism in the universal bogie ballast test bench provided by the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the transmission device in the universal bogie ballast test bench provided by the present invention; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the bogie interface during the test process of the universal bogie ballast test bench provided by the present invention; Figure 8 A logic block diagram of the universal bogie ballast test method provided by the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the control relationship for the universal bogie ballast test method provided by the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of icon numbers: 1. Base frame; 2. Loading mechanism; 201. First longitudinal beam; 202. Second longitudinal beam; 203. C-shaped longitudinal beam; 204. Crossbeam; 205. Pressure sensor; 206. Hydraulic jack; 207. Hydraulic pump station; 3. Fixing frame; 301. Bogie fixing frame; 302. Fixing beam; 303. Adjusting device; 3031. Limiting plate; 3032. Adjusting shaft; 3033. Buffer component; 3034. Lifting wheel rod; 3035. Adjusting frame; 3036. Adapter; 304. Pin; 4. Load-bearing mechanism; 401. Load-bearing guide rail; 402. Moving part; 4021. Passive wheel set; 4022. Support frame; 4023. Support platform; 403. Drive device; 4031. Drive motor; 4032. Lead screw; 4033. Connecting part; 5. Stress testing device; 6. Transmission device; 601. Telescopic universal joint shaft; 602. Transmission belt; 603. Gearbox; 7. Power detection device; 701. Speed ​​sensor; 702. Power motor; 703. Flywheel device.

[0020] The purpose, features, and advantages of this accompanying drawing will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawing. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientations, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0023] In the description of this invention, "several" means one or more, "more than" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0024] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "set up," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the invention; that is, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0026] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0027] On the one hand, see Figures 1 to 2 As shown, a general-purpose bogie ballast test bench includes a base frame 1 made of high-strength steel plate. A load-bearing mechanism 4 is mounted on the base frame 1, and a fixed frame 3 and a loading mechanism 2 are sequentially mounted on the load-bearing mechanism 4. A stress testing device 5 is externally connected to the loading end of the loading mechanism 2, serving as a separate testing structure for static load stress testing of the bogie. A power testing device 7 is connected to the load-bearing mechanism 4 via a transmission device 6. The transmission device 6 connects the load-bearing mechanism 4 and the power testing device 7 and transmits power, providing a fundamental hub for subsequent parameter determination. The power testing device 7, as a separate testing structure, is used to verify the dynamic performance data of the bogie, ensuring power transmission.

[0028] In this embodiment, the universal bogie ballast test bench is designed with a maximum static load test pressure of 100 tons, based on the maximum load capacity of a typical bogie and future expansion requirements. The universal bogie ballast test bench is built on a base frame 1, with a load-bearing mechanism 4, a fixed frame 3, and a loading mechanism 2 sequentially mounted. It is equipped with a separate stress testing device 5, a transmission device 6 connecting the load-bearing mechanism 4 and the dynamic testing device 7, and the dynamic testing device 7 itself. Through the synergy of these components, a modular design is formed, achieving integrated testing of the bogie's static ballast stress and dynamic performance. The entire test bench integrates disparate functions, solving the problems of low efficiency and data asynchronization in existing equipment. Simultaneously, the modular design can adapt to different bogie models, is easy to operate, and has a high degree of data integration, enabling comprehensive verification of the bogie's reliability and ultimate performance.

[0029] like Figure 3As shown, the loading mechanism 2 includes a crossbeam 204 and a first longitudinal beam 201 and a second longitudinal beam 202 vertically arranged at both ends of the crossbeam 204, forming a standard portal-type pressure-applying structure of "one beam and two columns". A hydraulic jack 206 and a pressure sensor 205 are fixedly installed at the lower end of the crossbeam 204. The hydraulic jack 206 is powered by hydraulic pump station 207, and the controller of hydraulic pump station 207 is electrically connected to a terminal computer for control and adjustment.

[0030] The crossbeam 204 is a horizontal load-bearing component, and its two ends are rigidly connected to the tops of the vertically arranged first longitudinal beam 201 and second longitudinal beam 202 respectively by high-strength bolts. Both the first longitudinal beam 201 and the second longitudinal beam 202 are H-beams, and their lower ends are vertically fixed to the base frame 1. The overall structure meets the requirements for the static load test of the bogie.

[0031] Furthermore, the first longitudinal beam 201 is longer than the second longitudinal beam 202. A C-shaped longitudinal beam 203 is welded to the lower end of the second longitudinal beam 202, with the opening of the C-shaped longitudinal beam 203 facing the bearing mechanism 4. Specifically, the cross-section of the C-shaped longitudinal beam 203 is C-shaped, forming a staggered arrangement with the telescopic universal joint shaft 601 of the transmission device 6 in space, thus avoiding interference between the loading mechanism 2 and the transmission device 6 during dynamic testing.

[0032] The lower end face of the crossbeam 204 is equipped with a hydraulic jack 206, the extension and retraction direction of which is the height direction of the loading mechanism 2. A pressure sensor 205 is installed at the extension and retraction end of the hydraulic jack 206 to collect the loading pressure value in real time and transmit it to the terminal computer.

[0033] like Figure 4 As shown, the fixing frame 3 is used to fix the bogie, specifically including the bogie fixing frame 301 and the adjusting device 303. The two adjusting devices 303 are symmetrically installed at both ends of the bogie fixing frame 301. At the same time, the adjusting device 303 is installed on the upper end of the fixing beam 302, which is fixed to the base frame 1 and mounted on the bearing mechanism 4.

[0034] The adjusting device 303 is used to adjust the height of the bogie mounting frame 301. Specifically, it includes an adjusting frame 3035, a lifting wheel rod 3034 rotatably connected to the adjusting frame 3035, and a rotating wheel fixed on the lifting wheel rod 3034. A limit plate 3031 is threadedly connected to the lifting wheel rod 3034, and an adjusting shaft 3032 is vertically arranged on the limit plate 3031. The adjusting shaft 3032 is slidably connected in a strip-shaped hole opened along the height direction on the adjusting frame 3035. An adapter 3036 is provided at the end of the adjusting shaft 3032, and two adapters 3036 are symmetrically installed at both ends of the bogie mounting frame 301. When the rotating wheel drives the lifting wheel rod 3034 to rotate, because the limiting plate 3031 is threadedly connected to the lifting wheel rod 3034, and the adjusting shaft 3032 is constrained by the strip hole and cannot rotate with the lifting wheel rod 3034, the adjusting shaft 3032 together with the limiting plate 3031 moves vertically up and down in the strip hole along the axis of the lifting wheel rod 3034 to adjust the height of the bogie fixing frame 301.

[0035] Furthermore, a buffer 3033 is provided between the adapter 3036 and the adjusting shaft 3032 to buffer the vibration of the dynamic test. The adapter 3036 includes a first adapter part and a second adapter part, which are connected by a pin 304.

[0036] like Figure 5 As shown, the load-bearing mechanism 4 supports the bogie and separates static and dynamic functions. Dynamic functions require a power detection device 7 for driving, while static functions require heavy loads and bonded strain gauges. Therefore, a linear guide rail is used, specifically including a load-bearing guide rail 401 and two moving parts 402 slidably connected to the load-bearing guide rail 401, arranged side-by-side. The two moving parts 402 are driven by a drive device 403; the drive device 403 is electrically connected to a terminal computer and controlled and adjusted by the terminal computer. The load-bearing guide rail 401 is mounted on the base frame 1, supporting the entire load-bearing mechanism 4.

[0037] Furthermore, the moving component 402 includes a support frame 4022, a driven wheel set 4021, and a support platform 4023, meeting the testing requirements for static and dynamic loads on the bogie. The support frame 4022 is slidably connected to the load-bearing guide rail 401, and has a limiting groove for mounting the driven wheel set 4021. The support platform 4023 is mounted on top of the load-bearing guide rail 401 to support the bogie; both ends of the support platform 4023 have limiting blocks for limiting and fixing the wheels.

[0038] Furthermore, the drive device 403 includes a drive motor 4031, a lead screw 4032, and a support frame 4022 threadedly connected to the lead screw 4032. The drive motor 4031 drives the lead screw 4032 to rotate through a transmission mechanism (not shown in the figure). Due to the threaded connection between the lead screw 4032 and the support frame 4022, the support frame 4022 moves along the axial direction of the lead screw 4032 on the bearing guide rail 401, thereby realizing the movement and limiting of the moving part 402. Limit blocks are provided at both ends of the lead screw 4032. A limit connector 4033 is installed on the lead screw 4032. The limit connector 4033 does not provide torque and is only used for axial and radial limiting, effectively avoiding unnecessary rotation or offset of the moving part 402 due to torque transmission during the test, thus ensuring the stability of the bogie during static and dynamic load tests.

[0039] By adjusting the setting and adjustment of the adjusting device 303 and the moving part 402, the size and specifications of the entire equipment can be adjusted to adapt to different bogies, or the bogie fixing frame 301 can be adjusted to a special tooling.

[0040] The stress testing device 5 includes strain gauges, a data acquisition instrument, and a terminal computer (not shown in the figure). The terminal computer serves as the control center of the entire test bench. Strain gauges are installed at the points to be tested and are electrically connected to the terminal computer via the data acquisition instrument. The terminal computer records and analyzes the ballast stress data. The stress testing device 5 acquires data through the strain gauges, compares it with theoretical analysis, and evaluates the strength, stiffness, and reliability of the entire bogie.

[0041] like Figure 6 As shown, the transmission device 6 includes a telescopic universal joint shaft 601, a drive belt 602, and a gearbox 603. The ends of the drive wheel set and the driven wheel set 4021 are connected to the power motor 702 of the power detection device 7 in sequence through the telescopic universal joint shaft 601, the drive belt 602, and the gearbox 603. The power motor 702 is the drive mechanism of the transmission device 6. The telescopic universal joint shaft 601 ensures uninterrupted power supply when the moving part 402 moves. The drive belt 602 provides flexible buffering, and the gearbox 603 adjusts the speed ratio between the driven wheel set 4021 or the drive wheel set and the power motor 702.

[0042] Combined with appendix Figures 1 to 2As shown, the power testing device 7 also includes a flywheel device 703, which is connected to the power motor 702 to provide inertial load and stabilize power output. In addition, the power testing device 7 also includes a temperature sensor, a speed sensor 701, and a current, voltage, and waveform detector 704. The temperature sensor is installed at key points on the power motor 702 and the bogie for monitoring the temperature rise of the bogie during dynamic testing. The speed sensor 701 is located at the output end of the transmission device 6 for directly monitoring the running speed of the driven wheel set 4021. The current, voltage, and waveform detector is used to detect the current, voltage, and waveform during the test.

[0043] On the other hand, the present invention provides a general bogie ballast test method, which employs the aforementioned method for conducting tests using a general bogie ballast test bench, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 7 to 9 As shown, the specific steps include: S1: Press-fitting work: Assembly and debugging of the general bogie ballast test bench to ensure precise assembly of the bogie and test bench structure, meeting the conditions for test loading and data acquisition. S101: Before installing the crossbeam 204, hoist the bogie to the upper end of the support platform 4023 of the bearing mechanism 4 and adjust its position to fit against the support platform 4023.

[0044] S102: Then, the crossbeam 204 is hoisted to the top of the first and second longitudinal beams and fixed, ensuring that there is enough space between it and the top of the bogie for loading.

[0045] S103: Install hydraulic jacks 206 on the crossbeam 204, aligning the loading end of the hydraulic jacks 206 with the key load-bearing point of the bogie; at the same time, install pressure sensors 205 to monitor the loading force in real time.

[0046] S104: If it is a dynamic load test, the bogie must first be connected to the bogie mounting bracket 301. The bogie mounting bracket 301 and the buffer bracket 3033 of the mounting bracket 3 are fixed with bolts through the adapter 3036 to limit the lateral movement of the bogie and reduce test vibration interference.

[0047] like Figure 7 As shown, the support platform 4023 is the dynamic load support point, and the passive wheel assembly 4021 is the static load support point.

[0048] S105: Connect the data acquisition line: Attach strain gauges to the key points of the bogie, connect the strain gauges to the data acquisition instrument, connect the data acquisition instrument and pressure sensor 205 to the terminal computer, and debug the equipment to ensure normal data transmission.

[0049] S2: Static stress test: S201: Conduct a static ballast test on the bogie to verify the strength and reliability of the bogie's load-bearing structure, and evaluate the design compliance by comparing stress parameters.

[0050] A stepped load was applied to the bogie using hydraulic jack 206 to simulate the static load-bearing condition of the bogie.

[0051] The strain gauge data bonded to key points of the bogie is fed back to the terminal computer via the data acquisition instrument.

[0052] The pressure sensor 205 records the load magnitude and feeds it back to the terminal computer. The terminal computer uses the data fed back by the pressure sensor 205 to plot the time-domain pressure curve and analyze the stress response of the bogie under different static loads to ensure that the load is stable and without sudden changes.

[0053] S202: Static alternating load test: Alternating loads are applied to the bogie using hydraulic jack 206.

[0054] Strain gauges bonded to key points of the bogie are fed back to the terminal computer via a data acquisition device.

[0055] The pressure sensor 205 records the load magnitude and feeds it back to the terminal computer. The terminal computer then uses the data fed back by the pressure sensor 205 to plot a time-domain pressure curve.

[0056] The stress parameters at key points obtained from the ballast load on the bogie during the static alternating load test are the measured values ​​of the product. The measured values ​​of the product are compared with the theoretical finite element values ​​of CAE, and the error is required to be ≤5%.

[0057] The load-bearing capacity and reliability of bogie products are evaluated based on actual measured values.

[0058] S3: Dynamic performance test during powered-on operation: Start the bogie or drive motor 702, perform an idling operation, observe the bogie's operating status, and verify that the bogie is properly assembled and installed without any abnormalities.

[0059] S4: Rated Speed ​​Motor Performance Test The speed of the power motor 702 is gradually increased to the design rated value, and the power is transmitted to the passive wheel set 4021 through the telescopic universal joint shaft 601, the transmission belt 602 and the gearbox 603 of the transmission device 6.

[0060] The current, voltage and waveform data of the motor are recorded by the current, voltage and waveform detector 705 of the power detection device 7, and the temperature rise of the power motor 702 and key points of the bogie is monitored in real time by the temperature sensor 704.

[0061] S5: Traction Test Based on the axle load or wheel-rail adhesion of the bogie, a preset pressure is applied to the bogie using hydraulic jack 206 to simulate the actual load-bearing conditions.

[0062] The control motor 702 is used to apply reverse power to test the maximum starting traction force and continuous traction force of the bogie.

[0063] The temperature rise is monitored throughout the process using a 704 temperature sensor to ensure that the equipment operates within a safe temperature range.

[0064] S6: Constant Resistance Test Based on the traction test in step S5, a constant resistance condition is achieved by adjusting the transmission device 6.

[0065] The bogie is kept running under constant resistance. Traction force, current, voltage and temperature rise data are continuously recorded to analyze the performance of the bogie under stable operating conditions.

[0066] S7: Braking Force Test The bogie stops operating actively, and the transmission device 6 is driven by the power motor 702 to simulate braking conditions.

[0067] The speed sensor 701 records the speed change during the bogie deceleration process, and the braking force is calculated by combining the data from the power detection device 7 to evaluate the braking performance.

[0068] The above content is merely a modification or supplement to the structure of the present invention or a substitution in a similar manner. As long as it does not deviate from the structure of the invention or exceed the scope defined in the claims, it shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A universal bogie ballast test bench, characterized in that, include: The load-bearing mechanism supports the bogie; the load-bearing mechanism is connected to an external transmission device, which is driven by the drive device and used for testing the dynamic performance of the bogie. A mounting bracket, erected on the bearing mechanism, is used to secure the bogie during power performance testing. The loading mechanism, mounted on the fixed frame, applies load to the bogie and monitors the pressure value.

2. The universal bogie ballast test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a base frame, which serves as a base to support the load-bearing mechanism.

3. The universal bogie ballast test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loading mechanism is a standard gantry-type pressure mechanism, including a crossbeam and longitudinal beams vertically arranged at both ends of the crossbeam. The load loading device of the bogie is installed on the crossbeam.

4. The universal bogie ballast test bench according to claim 3, characterized in that: One of the longitudinal beams has an opening at its lower end to create a misalignment with the transmission device and avoid interference.

5. The universal bogie ballast test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting bracket includes a height-adjustable bogie mounting bracket, which is installed and fixed on the fixed beam.

6. A universal bogie ballast test bench according to claim 5, characterized in that: The adjusting device used to adjust the height of the bogie mounting frame is a screw drive mechanism, which is connected to the bogie mounting frame via an adapter.

7. The universal bogie ballast test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The load-bearing mechanism includes a screw drive mechanism, through which two moving parts move along the guide rail; the moving parts include a bogie support frame, and the passive wheel set is mounted on the support frame and connected to the transmission device.

8. The universal bogie ballast test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a stress testing device, including strain gauges, a data acquisition instrument, and a terminal computer, for stress acquisition, transmission, and processing at key points of the bogie.

9. A universal bogie ballast test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a power detection device, which includes a flywheel assembly. The flywheel assembly is connected to the transmission device in sequence through a power motor, a transmission belt, and a gearbox, and is equipped with a temperature sensor, a speed sensor, and current, voltage, and waveform detectors.

10. A general bogie ballast test method, using a general bogie ballast test bench as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: S1: Assembly and commissioning of the general bogie ballast test bench: S2: Static stress test: S3: Dynamic performance test during powered-on operation: S4: Rated Speed ​​Motor Performance Test S5: Traction Test S6: Constant Resistance Test S7: Braking force test.

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