Loop state diagnosis method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of loop state diagnosis, and discloses a loop state diagnosis method and system. According to the invention, the switching-on operation is performed on the to-be-tested switch, the operation data before and after the switching-on of the switch is collected and amplified in real time, the related data is recorded by the wave recording unit, the waveform transformation is performed by the main controller to extract the operation characteristics, and finally the diagnosis of the switching-on state and fault information of the switch is realized through the matching with the preset characteristic library. According to the invention, the anti-interference capability of loop state diagnosis is effectively improved, and the influence of environmental noise on a diagnosis result is reduced through optimization processing and waveform transformation analysis of operation data by the amplification circuit; meanwhile, the limitation that traditional threshold judgment is easily influenced by environmental factors such as temperature and humidity and floating charge current fluctuation is eliminated. The technical problems that in the prior art, the anti-interference capacity is weak, a preset threshold value is prone to being affected by various factors such as environment temperature and humidity changes, and gradual change faults such as contact resistance rising or partial virtual connection are difficult to accurately recognize are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of loop condition diagnosis technology, and in particular to a loop condition diagnosis method and system. Background Technology

[0002] In the stable operation of a power system, critical AC / DC switches such as battery bank output switches and bus tie switches play a crucial "nerve node" role. The stability and reliability of their closing status directly determine the safe and efficient operation of the power system. When a switch fails to close correctly, it can cause minor issues like AC / DC equipment loss of voltage, affecting normal operation; more serious issues may trigger a series of chain reactions, such as protection system failure and secondary system paralysis, even leading to widespread power outages and other severe safety accidents, causing enormous losses to social production and people's daily lives. With the continuous development of the social economy, the scale of the power system continues to expand, the grid structure becomes increasingly complex, and the aging of equipment becomes more prominent. This places higher demands on the accuracy, timeliness, and reliability of switch closing status monitoring. Accurate and effective monitoring of switch closing status has become a critical issue that urgently needs to be addressed in the current power operation and maintenance field.

[0003] Existing detection technologies for switch closing status typically employ voltage difference threshold monitoring. This method compares the voltage difference between the DC bus and the battery bank, setting a preset voltage difference threshold. When the actual measured voltage difference exceeds this threshold, an abnormal switch status is determined. However, this method has weak anti-interference capabilities, and the preset threshold is easily affected by various factors such as changes in ambient temperature and humidity, and fluctuations in float charge current. It is difficult to accurately identify gradual faults such as increased contact resistance or partial loose connections. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a circuit state diagnosis method and system that solves the technical problems of existing systems having weak anti-interference capabilities, and the preset thresholds being easily affected by various factors such as changes in ambient temperature and humidity and fluctuations in float charge current, making it difficult to accurately identify gradual faults such as increased contact resistance or partial loose connections.

[0005] The first aspect of this invention provides a loop condition diagnosis method, relating to a handheld loop condition diagnosis device, the handheld loop condition diagnosis device comprising a sampling unit, an amplification circuit unit, a waveform recording unit, and a main controller, the method comprising:

[0006] The circuit breaker performs a closing operation on the switch under test, and collects the operating data of the switch under test in real time through the sampling unit and inputs it into the amplifier circuit unit.

[0007] The operating data is amplified by the amplification circuit unit to generate target amplified operating data, which is then sent to the waveform recording unit.

[0008] Based on the target amplified operation data, the waveform recording unit is triggered to collect the historical amplified operation data of the switch under test before the closing operation and the real-time amplified operation data after the closing operation, and transmits them to the main controller.

[0009] The main controller performs waveform transformation processing on the historical amplified operation data and the real-time amplified operation data to generate operation characteristics.

[0010] The operating characteristics are matched with the operating characteristics in the preset characteristic library, and the closing status and fault information of the switch under test are determined based on the matching results.

[0011] Optionally, before the step of performing a closing operation on the switch under test, acquiring the operating data of the switch under test in real time through the sampling unit, and inputting it into the amplification circuit unit, the method further includes:

[0012] Before the switch under test performs a closing operation, it is determined whether the device mode of the switch under test is the closing monitoring mode;

[0013] If not, then proceed to the step of determining whether the device mode of the switch under test is the closing monitoring mode before the switch under test performs the closing operation;

[0014] If so, the sampling unit is triggered to collect the operating data of the switch under test before closing in real time;

[0015] The pre-closing operation data is transmitted to the amplifier circuit unit;

[0016] The amplification circuit unit amplifies the pre-closing operation data to generate pre-closing amplified data, which is then sent to the main controller.

[0017] The main controller determines whether there is environmental interference induced current in the amplified data before closing the circuit breaker, and performs a zero-adjustment operation on the sampling unit based on the first determination result.

[0018] Optionally, the handheld circuit state diagnostic device further includes an analog-to-digital output unit. The step of determining whether environmental interference induced current exists in the pre-closing amplified data through the main controller, and performing a zero-adjustment operation on the sampling unit based on the first determination result, includes:

[0019] The main controller determines whether there is environmental interference induced current in the amplified data before closing the circuit breaker.

[0020] If so, then control the analog-to-digital output unit to perform a zero-adjustment operation on the sampling unit;

[0021] If not, then the following steps are performed: performing a closing operation on the switch under test, collecting the operating data of the switch under test in real time through the sampling unit, and inputting it into the amplification circuit unit.

[0022] Optionally, the sampling unit includes an electromagnetic sensor and a closed-loop Hall sensor. When the switch under test is closed, the sampling unit collects the operating data of the switch under test in real time and inputs it into the amplification circuit unit, including:

[0023] The switch under test is closed, and the AC component of the switch under test is collected in real time by the electromagnetic sensor.

[0024] The DC component of the switch under test is acquired in real time by the closed-loop Hall sensor.

[0025] Operating data is generated using the AC component and the DC component;

[0026] The operating data is input into the amplifier circuit unit.

[0027] Optionally, the amplification circuit unit includes multiple amplification circuit sub-units; the step of amplifying the operating data according to the amplification circuit unit, generating target amplified operating data, and transmitting it to the waveform recording unit and the main controller includes:

[0028] The operating data is amplified by the amplification circuit subunit of the first gear to generate initial amplified operating data and send it to the main controller;

[0029] The main controller determines whether the initial amplified operating data is greater than the preset maximum measurement threshold for the current gear.

[0030] If the current measurement threshold is greater than the preset maximum measurement threshold, it is determined whether the current amplifier circuit subunit is the maximum amplifier circuit subunit, and the amplifier circuit subunit is increased by one level according to the second determination result to generate target amplification operation data.

[0031] If the initial amplified operating data is less than or equal to the preset maximum measurement threshold of the current gear, it is determined whether the initial amplified operating data is less than a preset percentage of the preset maximum measurement threshold of the current gear. Based on the third determination result, the amplification circuit subunit is reduced by one gear to generate the target amplified operating data.

[0032] The target amplification operation data is transmitted to the waveform recording unit and the main controller.

[0033] Optionally, the step of determining whether the current amplifier circuit subunit is the maximum-level amplifier circuit subunit, and adjusting the amplifier circuit subunit by one level according to the second determination result to generate target amplification operation data includes:

[0034] Determine whether the current amplifier circuit sub-unit is the maximum range amplifier circuit sub-unit;

[0035] If so, then the current initial amplification running data will be determined as the target amplification running data;

[0036] If not, the amplifier circuit subunit is increased by one level. The amplifier circuit subunit with the increased level amplifies the initial amplification operation data, generates new initial operation data, and then jumps to execute the step of determining whether the initial amplification operation data is greater than the preset maximum measurement threshold of the current level by the main controller.

[0037] Optionally, the step of determining whether the initial amplified operating data is less than a preset percentage of the preset maximum measurement threshold for the current gear, and then reducing the amplification circuit subunit by one gear based on the third determination result to generate target amplified operating data, includes:

[0038] Determine whether the initial amplified running data is less than a preset percentage of the preset maximum measurement threshold for the current gear;

[0039] If it is greater than or equal to, then the current initial amplification running data is determined as the target amplification running data;

[0040] If it is less than, then determine whether the current amplifier circuit subunit is the smallest amplifier circuit subunit;

[0041] If so, then the current initial amplification running data will be determined as the target amplification running data;

[0042] If not, the amplifier circuit subunit is downgraded by one level. The downgraded amplifier circuit subunit amplifies the initial amplification operation data to generate new initial operation data. Then, the process jumps to execute the step of determining whether the initial amplification operation data is greater than the preset maximum measurement threshold of the current level by the main controller.

[0043] Optionally, the step of performing waveform transformation processing on the historical amplified operation data and the real-time amplified operation data through the main controller to generate operation characteristics includes:

[0044] The main controller performs waveform transformation processing on the historical amplified operation data and the real-time amplified operation data to generate waveform operation data.

[0045] Extract the features from the waveform running data to generate running features.

[0046] A second aspect of the present invention provides a loop condition diagnostic system, relating to a handheld loop condition diagnostic device, the handheld loop condition diagnostic device comprising a sampling unit, an amplification circuit unit, a waveform recording unit, and a main controller, the system comprising:

[0047] The closing module is used to perform a closing operation on the switch under test. It collects the operating data of the switch under test in real time through the sampling unit and inputs it into the amplification circuit unit.

[0048] An amplification processing module is used to amplify the operating data according to the amplification circuit unit, generate target amplified operating data, and send it to the waveform recording unit.

[0049] The collection module is used to trigger the waveform recording unit to collect the historical amplified operation data of the switch under test before the closing operation and the real-time amplified operation data after the closing operation based on the target amplified operation data, and transmit them to the main controller;

[0050] The waveform transformation processing module is used to perform waveform transformation processing on the historical amplified operation data and the real-time amplified operation data through the main controller to generate operation characteristics;

[0051] The matching module is used to match the operating characteristics with the operating characteristics in the preset characteristic library, and determine the closing status and fault information of the switch under test based on the matching results.

[0052] Optionally, before the closing module, the following is also included:

[0053] The monitoring submodule is used to determine whether the device mode of the switch under test is the closing monitoring mode before the switch under test performs a closing operation.

[0054] The jump execution submodule is used to determine whether the device mode of the switch under test is the closing monitoring mode before the switch under test performs the closing operation, if not.

[0055] The acquisition submodule is used to trigger the sampling unit to acquire the operating data of the switch under test before closing in real time if the condition is met.

[0056] The transmission submodule is used to transmit the pre-closing operating data to the amplifier circuit unit;

[0057] The pre-closing amplification processing submodule is used to amplify the pre-closing operating data through the amplification circuit unit, generate pre-closing amplified data, and send it to the main controller.

[0058] The zero-adjustment submodule is used to determine whether there is environmental interference induced current in the amplified data before closing the circuit breaker through the main controller, and to perform zero-adjustment operation on the sampling unit according to the first judgment result.

[0059] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0060] This invention relates to a loop status diagnosis method based on a handheld device. The device comprises a sampling unit, an amplification circuit unit, a waveform recording unit, and a main controller. By performing a closing operation on the switch under test, the system collects and amplifies operational data before and after the switch closing. The waveform recording unit records the relevant data, and the main controller performs waveform transformation to extract operational features. Finally, by matching the data with a preset feature library, the system diagnoses the switch closing status and fault information. This invention effectively improves the anti-interference capability of loop status diagnosis. Through optimized processing of operational data and waveform transformation analysis by the amplification circuit, the impact of environmental noise on the diagnostic results is reduced. Simultaneously, by recording dynamic data before and after closing and combining it with feature library matching, the system overcomes the limitations of traditional threshold judgments, which are susceptible to environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and float current fluctuations. It can accurately identify gradual faults such as increased contact resistance and partial loose connections, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of the diagnosis. Attached Figure Description

[0061] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0062] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the steps of a loop state diagnosis method provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the external appearance of the handheld device for circuit state diagnosis provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of the device composition of the handheld circuit state diagnostic device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 4 Here is a flowchart of the closing detection process for the circuit state diagnosis method provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the amplification process of the amplification circuit unit provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 6This is a logic diagram of intelligent gear shifting provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the handheld circuit state diagnostic device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0069] Figure 8 This is a structural block diagram of a loop state diagnostic system provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0070] This invention provides a loop state diagnosis method and system to address the technical problems of existing technologies, such as weak anti-interference capabilities, the ease with which preset thresholds are affected by various factors such as changes in ambient temperature and humidity and fluctuations in float charge current, making it difficult to accurately identify gradual faults such as increased contact resistance or partial loose connections.

[0071] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0072] Please see Figures 1 to 7 , Figure 1 The flowchart illustrates the steps of a loop state diagnosis method provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0073] This invention provides a loop condition diagnosis method, relating to a handheld loop condition diagnosis device. The handheld loop condition diagnosis device includes a sampling unit, an amplification circuit unit, a waveform recording unit, and a main controller, and includes the following steps:

[0074] Furthermore, prior to step 101, the following sub-steps are included:

[0075] S11. Before the switch under test performs a closing operation, determine whether the device mode of the switch under test is the closing monitoring mode.

[0076] In this embodiment of the invention, the handheld circuit state diagnostic device refers to a portable device designed based on dynamic current criteria, with a reference clamp-on ammeter structure (see...). Figure 2 and Figure 3This integrated sampling CT (including an electromagnetic transformer and a closed-loop Hall sensor), waveform recording module, amplification circuit unit, human-machine interface unit, and main control CPU, among other components, can be carried by operators to the field to detect the closing status of AC / DC switches such as battery bank output switches and bus tie switches in power systems. It is non-invasively clamped onto the cable under test, capturing the dynamic current waveform at the moment the switch closes in closing monitoring mode. Combining wavelet transform and other techniques, it analyzes the waveform characteristics to determine whether the switch has closed correctly and whether there are any potential faults such as abnormal contact resistance or hidden fuses, providing a safe and convenient tool for power system circuit status diagnosis.

[0077] The sampling unit (i.e., sampling CT (CurrentTransformer)) refers to a dual-channel scheme using an electromagnetic transformer and a closed-loop Hall sensor, which is responsible for real-time acquisition of current changes in the circuit.

[0078] The amplifier circuit unit refers to the internal circuitry used to amplify the current signal acquired by the sampling CT. It consists of multiple amplifier circuits connected in series (by default, it includes a logarithmic amplifier circuit, a PID compensation amplifier circuit, and three subsequent amplifier circuits to meet different range requirements). Its function is to convert the weak current signal (especially the DC component and the small AC component) acquired by the sampling CT into a voltage signal that can be recognized by the main control CPU and the waveform recording module. The main control CPU controls the selection of the sampling position to achieve intelligent range switching, adapting to the full range of current measurement requirements from 0.1 to 1000A, ensuring the measurement accuracy of current signals of different magnitudes, and providing a stable and clear input signal for subsequent signal analysis and fault diagnosis.

[0079] The waveform recording unit is used to collect and store real-time current data, and then transmit it to the main control CPU for processing and display. This unit can achieve high-speed sampling and data storage, ensuring that the transient current waveform at the moment the switch closes can be captured.

[0080] The main controller (i.e., the main control CPU, or Central Processing Unit) refers to the core control unit of the device, which is responsible for coordinating the work of various modules, running diagnostic algorithms, analyzing and processing the collected data, and outputting judgment results.

[0081] The switch under test refers to the important AC / DC switches in the power system, such as the battery bank output switch and the bus tie switch, whose closing status needs to be monitored. Their stable closing status is directly related to the safe and reliable operation of the power system.

[0082] Closing operation refers to the operator's action of closing the switch, changing the switch from an open state to a closed state to form a current path.

[0083] Device mode refers to the working mode of a handheld circuit condition diagnostic device. The device may have multiple working modes to adapt to different detection needs, and the closing monitoring mode is one of them.

[0084] The closing monitoring mode refers to the working mode of this handheld device, which is specifically used to detect the closing status of the switch. In this mode, the device can perform a zeroing operation and start the waveform recording module to monitor the current change at the moment the switch closes, thereby determining whether the switch closing is successful and whether there is a fault.

[0085] See Figure 4 Clamp the clamps of the handheld circuit status diagnostic device onto any one of the incoming or outgoing lines of the switch under test, and first confirm that the device is in the closing monitoring mode. This is because only in this mode can the device operate according to the specific closing detection procedure: the device can perform a zeroing operation to eliminate environmental magnetic field interference. After zeroing, the waveform recording module automatically starts. When the operator performs the closing operation, the waveform recording module can detect sudden current changes and analyze the current waveform using wavelet transform and other techniques to determine whether the switch under test has been successfully closed and whether there are faults such as poor contact or mechanical jamming, thus ensuring accurate monitoring of the closing status of power system switches.

[0086] S12. If not, then proceed to determine whether the device mode of the switch under test is the closing monitoring mode before the switch under test performs the closing operation.

[0087] In this embodiment of the invention, if the current device mode of the switch under test is not the closing monitoring mode, it is necessary to repeatedly listen to the data and repeat step S11.

[0088] S13. If so, the sampling unit is triggered to collect the operating data of the switch under test before closing in real time.

[0089] In this embodiment of the invention, the pre-closing operation data refers to the operation data in the closing monitoring mode before the switch under test is closed for 200ms.

[0090] If the working mode of the handheld circuit status diagnostic device is the closing monitoring mode, the sampling unit collects the pre-closing operation data of the switch under test 200ms before closing in real time.

[0091] S14. Transmit the pre-closing operation data to the amplifier circuit unit.

[0092] In this embodiment of the invention, the pre-closing operational data is transmitted to an amplifier circuit unit. The amplifier circuit unit then performs targeted amplification processing on this data.

[0093] S15. The operating data before closing is amplified by the amplifier circuit unit to generate amplified data before closing and send it to the main controller.

[0094] In this embodiment of the invention, amplification processing refers to the signal enhancement operation performed by the amplification circuit unit (composed of multiple series amplification circuits, such as logarithmic amplification circuits, PID compensation amplification circuits, etc.) on the input pre-closing operating data. Its core is to convert the weak current signal (including static current, small fluctuations, etc.) collected by the sampling CT into a voltage signal of suitable strength that can be accurately identified and analyzed by the main controller through multi-stage amplification and intelligent switching (switching the sampling positions of different amplification circuits according to the current magnitude), while ensuring that the signal remains undistorted across the entire range of 0.1-1000A.

[0095] Pre-closing amplified data refers to the current signal data generated after amplification, reflecting the circuit state of the switch under test before closing. It retains key characteristics of the pre-closing operating data (such as current baseline and minor fluctuation patterns), but the signal strength is increased to a range that the main controller can effectively process. It is an important basis for the main controller to perform benchmark analysis and compare with the data after closing.

[0096] The amplifier circuit unit automatically adjusts the amplification factor (intelligent shifting) according to the current magnitude, amplifying the weak signal into a clear and stable voltage signal, generating amplified data before closing the circuit breaker. Subsequently, this amplified data is sent to the main controller.

[0097] S16. The main controller determines whether there is environmental interference induced current in the amplified data before closing the circuit breaker, and performs zero adjustment operation on the sampling unit according to the first judgment result.

[0098] In this embodiment of the invention, environmental interference induced current refers to the additional current signal induced in the sampling coil due to stray magnetic fields (such as those generated by power equipment or electromagnetic radiation) in the surrounding environment when the sampling CT (electromagnetic transformer and closed-loop Hall sensor) collects operating data before closing. This type of current does not originate from the actual current in the circuit where the switch under test is located, and it interferes with the accurate measurement of the original signal, leading to deviations in subsequent data analysis.

[0099] The first judgment result refers to the conclusion reached by the main controller after analyzing the amplified data before closing the circuit breaker regarding the presence of environmental interference induced current. It is divided into two cases: "existence of environmental interference induced current" and "absence of environmental interference induced current". The main controller identifies the presence of abnormal current signal components by comparing the amplified data before closing the circuit breaker with a preset interference-free reference threshold (such as the range of small current fluctuations), and then forms this judgment result.

[0100] Zeroing operation refers to the anti-interference calibration operation performed by the main controller, which controls the sampling unit (mainly the compensation coil of the sampling CT), when the first judgment result is "the presence of environmental interference induced current". Specifically, the AD output unit drives the compensation coil to generate a reverse current of equal magnitude and opposite direction to the environmental interference induced current, canceling the interference signal and returning the output signal of the sampling unit to the true zero point, thus eliminating the influence of environmental interference.

[0101] In the testing process of the handheld circuit state diagnostic device, after the amplified data before closing is sent to the main controller, the main controller's primary task is to determine whether the data contains environmental interference induced current. This is because stray magnetic fields in the environment are easily sensed by the sampling CT and mixed into the original signal. If not processed, this will directly affect the accuracy of subsequent judgments on the switch closing status.

[0102] The main controller analyzes the characteristics of the amplified data before closing (such as the stability of the current waveform and the presence of irregular small fluctuations) and compares it with a preset interference-free benchmark to form a first judgment result: if there is obvious environmental interference induced current (i.e., the first judgment result is "existing"), the zeroing operation is immediately initiated—the compensation coil of the control sampling unit generates a reverse current to cancel the interference signal and ensure that the sampling data only reflects the real current of the circuit under test; if no environmental interference induced current is detected (i.e., the first judgment result is "not existing"), there is no need to perform zeroing, and the subsequent closing monitoring process is directly entered.

[0103] This process is the core of the device's anti-interference design. By actively identifying and eliminating environmental interference, it provides a zero-error benchmark for subsequent dynamic current monitoring and fault diagnosis, effectively improving the measurement accuracy of the device in complex electromagnetic environments and solving the problem of inaccurate detection caused by environmental interference in existing technologies.

[0104] Furthermore, the handheld device for loop status diagnosis also includes an analog-to-digital output unit, and step S16 includes the following sub-steps:

[0105] S161. The main controller determines whether there is environmental interference induced current in the amplified data before closing the circuit breaker.

[0106] In this embodiment of the invention, the analog-to-digital output unit (AD output unit (AD)) refers to a key component in the handheld loop state diagnostic device. Its core function is to convert analog signals to digital signals and control signal output. In the device's workflow, it mainly receives instructions from the main controller, converts the digital control signals generated after analysis and processing by the main controller into analog signals, and then drives the compensation coil in the sampling unit to operate.

[0107] The AD output unit plays an important role in the device's anti-interference mechanism. It serves as a signal conversion and transmission bridge between the main controller and the sampling unit's compensation coil, ensuring the accurate execution of the zero-adjustment operation and providing a reliable signal foundation for subsequent current measurement and status diagnosis.

[0108] In the detection process of the handheld device for loop condition diagnosis, after the amplified data before closing is sent to the main controller, the primary task of the main controller is to determine whether the data contains environmental interference induced current.

[0109] S162. If so, control the analog-to-digital output unit to perform a zeroing operation on the sampling unit.

[0110] In this embodiment of the invention, when the main controller determines that there is an environmental interference induced current and decides to perform zero adjustment, it sends a corresponding control command to the AD output unit. The AD output unit converts the digital command into an analog current signal that can drive the compensation coil, controlling the compensation coil to generate a reverse current that is opposite in direction and equal in magnitude to the environmental interference induced current, thereby canceling out the environmental interference and completing the zero adjustment operation.

[0111] S163. If not, then perform the following steps: perform a closing operation on the switch under test, collect the operating data of the switch under test in real time through the sampling unit, and input the data into the amplifier circuit unit.

[0112] In this embodiment of the invention, when the main controller determines that no environmental interference induced current is detected (i.e., the determination result is "not present"), there is no need to perform zeroing, and it can directly enter the subsequent closing monitoring process, which can be executed step 101.

[0113] Step 101: Perform a closing operation on the switch under test, and collect the operating data of the switch under test in real time through the sampling unit and input it into the amplifier circuit unit.

[0114] In this embodiment of the invention, the operating data refers to the current signal data of the switch under test during and after the closing operation, including transient signals such as the inrush current and contact oscillation at the moment of closing, as well as the static current after the closing stabilizes, and includes both AC and DC components.

[0115] When the operator performs a closing operation on the switch under test, the switch changes from the open state to the closed state, and the circuit is connected accordingly, which generates a series of complex current changes. During this process, the sampling unit of the device (electromagnetic sensor and closed-loop Hall sensor) starts working in real time: the electromagnetic sensor, based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, captures the AC component in the circuit, such as the AC impulse signal generated by the transient characteristics of inductance and capacitance at the moment of closing; the closed-loop Hall sensor, based on the Hall effect and magnetic balance principle, collects the DC component in the circuit, including the static DC current before and after closing and the DC impulse signal at the moment of closing.

[0116] These current signals, containing both AC and DC components, collected by the sampling unit, together constitute the operating data of the switch under test. Since this raw operating data may be relatively weak (such as a small float charge current or transient signal), direct transmission to the main controller and waveform recording module may lead to difficulties in signal identification or distortion. Therefore, it is necessary to input it into the amplification circuit unit.

[0117] Furthermore, the sampling unit includes an electromagnetic sensor and a closed-loop Hall sensor, and step 101 includes the following sub-steps:

[0118] S21. Perform a closing operation on the switch under test and collect the AC component of the switch under test in real time through an electromagnetic sensor.

[0119] In this embodiment of the invention, the electromagnetic sensor refers to an important component of the sampling CT in the handheld circuit state diagnostic device, mainly used to collect the AC current signal of the cable of the switch under test. Its working principle is based on the law of electromagnetic induction: when an AC current passes through the cable under test, a changing magnetic field is generated around the cable. The coil of the electromagnetic sensor will induce an AC voltage signal proportional to the measured current in this magnetic field, which is then converted into measurable AC current data.

[0120] In the device, the electromagnetic sensor is specifically responsible for capturing the current characteristics of the AC component, such as dynamic current fluctuations in an AC circuit. It works in conjunction with a closed-loop Hall sensor to form a dual-channel sampling mechanism, providing the raw AC current signal for subsequent signal amplification and analysis, ensuring that the device can comprehensively monitor the state of complex circuits containing AC components.

[0121] The AC component refers to the periodically changing part of the current signal in the circuit where the switch under test is located, including the impact AC signal at the moment of closing and the AC fluctuations during normal operation of the circuit.

[0122] Specifically, when the operator performs a closing operation on the switch under test, the switch changes from open to closed, and the circuit is connected instantaneously. At this time, in addition to the possible DC current, the transient characteristics of components such as capacitors and inductors in the circuit, as well as the influence of AC power supply, will also produce AC current changes, i.e. AC component.

[0123] During this process, the electromagnetic sensor in the device performs its function of collecting AC signals, capturing these AC components in real time. Its working mechanism is as follows: when the AC current passes through the cable where the closed switch is located, it generates a changing magnetic field around the cable. The coil of the electromagnetic sensor is in this magnetic field. According to the law of electromagnetic induction, an AC voltage signal proportional to the AC current being measured will be induced in the coil. These signals are then converted into measurable AC current data.

[0124] S22. The DC component of the switch under test is acquired in real time through a closed-loop Hall sensor.

[0125] In this embodiment of the invention, the closed-loop Hall sensor refers to the core component in a sampling CT used to acquire DC current signals (and the DC component in AC-DC mixed signals). Its working principle is based on the Hall effect and the principle of magnetic balance: when DC current passes through the cable under test, a constant magnetic field is generated. The Hall element detects the magnetic field and outputs a corresponding Hall voltage. The device generates a reverse magnetic field through a compensation coil, so that the Hall voltage returns to zero. At this time, the current in the compensation coil is proportional to the current under test, thereby realizing accurate measurement of DC current.

[0126] In this device, the closed-loop Hall sensor effectively captures characteristics such as static current and minute DC fluctuations in the DC circuit. It complements the electromagnetic sensor, ensuring that the device can simultaneously acquire AC and DC current signals, meeting the monitoring needs of various battery systems and complex AC / DC circuits, and providing complete current data support for subsequent closing status diagnosis.

[0127] The DC component refers to the part of the current signal in the circuit where the switch under test is located that is constant or slowly changing, including the static DC current before and after closing (such as the float charging current of the battery pack), and the DC impulse signal at the moment of closing.

[0128] Specifically, when the switch under test performs a closing operation, the DC component is the key signal reflecting the switch status, regardless of whether there is an AC component in the circuit. For example, in a battery bank power supply circuit, a stable DC path is formed after the switch is closed, generating a continuous DC current; even in a mixed AC / DC circuit, there is a fundamental DC component.

[0129] At this time, the closed-loop Hall sensor in the device will start the acquisition function in real time. Its working mechanism is as follows: when the DC current passes through the cable where the closed switch is located, a constant magnetic field will be generated around the cable. The Hall element detects the magnetic field and outputs the corresponding Hall voltage. The compensation coil inside the sensor then generates a reverse magnetic field, so that the Hall voltage returns to zero (magnetic balance state). At this time, the current in the compensation coil is proportional to the DC current being measured. By measuring the compensation current, accurate DC component data can be obtained.

[0130] S23. Use AC and DC components to generate operating data.

[0131] In this embodiment of the invention, the running data refers to the combined data of AC and DC components.

[0132] Operating data is obtained by combining the AC and DC components.

[0133] S24. Input the running data into the amplifier circuit unit.

[0134] In this embodiment of the invention, the running data is input to an amplifier circuit unit for amplification.

[0135] Step 102: Amplify the running data according to the amplifier circuit unit, generate target amplified running data, and send it to the waveform recording unit.

[0136] In this embodiment of the invention, the target amplified operating data refers to the signal data generated after the amplification circuit unit amplifies the operating data collected by the sampling unit. It retains the key characteristics of the AC and DC components in the original operating data (such as the peak value of the inrush current, the static current value, etc.), but the signal strength is enhanced to a level suitable for processing by the waveform recording unit and the main controller, ensuring that the data is not distorted during transmission and analysis.

[0137] After the sampling unit inputs the collected operating data (including AC and DC components) into the amplification circuit unit, the amplification circuit unit will initiate targeted amplification processing: for weak transient signals (such as the inrush current at the moment of closing) and static signals (such as the float charging current), the signal is amplified through a multi-stage amplification circuit. At the same time, it automatically performs intelligent range switching (such as switching from a low range to the full range) according to the current magnitude, ensuring that the current signal in the range of 0.1-1000A is amplified to a clearly distinguishable intensity, and finally generates the target amplified operating data. The generated target amplified operating data is synchronously transmitted to the waveform recording unit and the main controller.

[0138] Furthermore, the amplifier circuit unit includes multiple amplifier circuit sub-units; step 102 includes the following sub-steps:

[0139] S31. The operating data is amplified according to the amplifier circuit subunit of the first gear, and the initial amplified operating data is generated and sent to the main controller.

[0140] In the embodiments of the present invention, see Figure 5 The amplifier circuit unit comprises multiple amplifier sub-units. The logarithmic amplifier circuit, designed for the electromagnetic transformer, converts the current signal into a voltage signal. Another amplifier circuit, designed for the Hall element, amplifies the sampled voltage signal, enabling a dual-channel solution for the CT. A PID compensation amplifier circuit enhances high-frequency gain, reduces hysteresis in the sampled waveform, and suppresses the effects of core saturation. The subsequent three amplifier circuits provide the necessary hardware foundation to meet different speed requirements.

[0141] The first-level amplifier circuit subunit refers to the initial amplifier module that is enabled by default in the amplifier circuit unit (such as...). Figure 5The first sub-unit in the series amplifier circuit group usually corresponds to the basic range of the device (such as the 50mA range adapted to low current scenarios), and has basic amplification capability for weak signals. It is the starting point for the amplifier circuit unit to process signals.

[0142] Initial amplified operating data refers to the signal data generated after the operating data is amplified by the amplifier circuit subunit of the first range. It retains the core characteristics of the AC and DC components in the original operating data, but the signal strength is increased to a level that the main controller can initially identify, providing an initial signal basis for subsequent range adjustment and precise analysis.

[0143] When the sampling unit inputs the operating data into the amplification circuit unit, the device will prioritize using the first-level amplification circuit subunit to process the data. This is because when the operating data first enters the amplification circuit, its current magnitude has not yet been accurately determined by the main controller. The first-level subunit, as the basic amplification module, can initially amplify the weak original signal (such as the float charge current before closing and the initial current fluctuation at the moment of closing), ensuring that the signal is not too weak and loses key information.

[0144] During processing, the first-level amplifier circuit subunit amplifies the operating data according to its preset amplification factor (adapting to the basic range), generating initial amplified operating data. This data is transmitted to the main controller in real time. (See attached image.) Figure 6 The main controller analyzes the voltage value to determine whether the current signal is suitable for the range of the first gear: if the signal has not reached the saturation value and is within a reasonable range, the initial amplification operation data can be directly used as the basis for analysis; if the signal is close to or exceeds the saturation value (i.e. the current is close to the upper limit of the basic range), the main controller will trigger the intelligent gear switching mechanism to switch to a higher gear amplifier circuit subunit for secondary amplification; if the signal is far below the effective range of the basic range, it will switch to a lower gear subunit to improve measurement accuracy.

[0145] S32. The main controller determines whether the initial amplified running data is greater than the preset maximum measurement threshold for the current gear.

[0146] In this embodiment of the invention, the preset maximum measurement threshold for the current gear refers to the maximum current measurement limit set for the amplifier circuit sub-unit of the first gear. This threshold corresponds to the basic range of the sub-unit (e.g., 50mA) and is a critical value for determining whether the current sub-unit can accurately process the input signal. When the current corresponding to the signal reaches or exceeds this threshold, the sub-unit of the first gear may experience signal saturation distortion due to overload.

[0147] Once the initial amplified operating data is transmitted to the main controller, a crucial task for the main controller is to determine whether this data exceeds the preset maximum measurement threshold for the current gear. This determination essentially involves inferring the current value from the voltage value of the initial amplified operating data to see if it exceeds the maximum measurement capability of the first gear amplification circuit subunit.

[0148] Specifically, the main controller converts the voltage signal of the initial amplified operating data into the corresponding current value, and then compares it with the preset maximum measurement threshold of the current gear (such as 50mA).

[0149] S33. If the current measurement threshold is greater than the preset maximum measurement threshold, determine whether the current amplifier circuit subunit is the maximum amplifier circuit subunit, and adjust the amplifier circuit subunit by one level according to the second determination result to generate target amplification operation data.

[0150] In this embodiment of the invention, the maximum range amplifier circuit subunit refers to the subunit with the largest range in the amplifier circuit unit. It can process the maximum current value that the device can measure (such as the 1000A range in the full range). It is the highest range of the amplifier circuit subunit and the range cannot be increased by adjusting the range.

[0151] The second judgment result refers to the main controller's judgment on whether the current amplifier circuit sub-unit is the maximum range amplifier circuit sub-unit. It is divided into two cases: "is the maximum range" and "is not the maximum range", which directly determines whether the subsequent range can be adjusted.

[0152] Upgrading an amplifier circuit subunit by one level means switching the currently used amplifier circuit subunit to the next level subunit with a larger range (such as switching from the 50mA range to the 500mA range) to meet the measurement needs of larger current signals.

[0153] When the main controller determines that the initial amplification operation data is greater than the preset maximum measurement threshold of the current gear, it means that the first gear amplification circuit subunit currently in use can no longer accurately process the signal (saturation distortion may occur). At this time, it is necessary to further determine whether the problem can be solved by adjusting the gear.

[0154] The main controller first determines whether the current amplifier circuit sub-unit is at its maximum setting, and then performs the corresponding operation based on the result. If the result is "not at the maximum setting", it means that there is a sub-unit with a higher setting that can handle a larger current. The main controller will immediately trigger the shifting mechanism to adjust the current sub-unit to a higher setting (e.g., from the 50mA setting to the 500mA setting).

[0155] Further, step S33 includes the following sub-steps:

[0156] S331. Determine whether the current amplifier circuit sub-unit is the maximum range amplifier circuit sub-unit.

[0157] In this embodiment of the invention, the main controller determines whether the current amplifier circuit subunit is at its maximum setting.

[0158] S332. If so, then the current initial amplification running data is determined as the target amplification running data.

[0159] In this embodiment of the invention, if the determination result is "maximum level", it indicates that there is no higher level to switch to and the device is in the maximum range state. At this time, the main controller will default to the current sub-unit continuing to work (or issue a range over-limit prompt), and generate target amplification operation data based on the amplification result of the maximum level sub-unit to ensure that signal characteristics are preserved as much as possible within the measurement range of the device.

[0160] S333. If not, then increase the amplifier circuit subunit by one level, and use the increased amplifier circuit subunit to amplify the initial amplification operation data to generate new initial operation data. Then, jump to execute the step of determining whether the initial amplification operation data is greater than the preset maximum measurement threshold of the current level through the main controller.

[0161] In this embodiment of the invention, if the determination result is "not the maximum level", it indicates that there is a sub-unit with a higher level that can adapt to a larger current. The main controller will immediately trigger the shifting mechanism to adjust the current sub-unit to a higher level (e.g., from the 50mA level to the 500mA level). The sub-unit with the new level re-amplifies the operating data. Due to its larger range, it can effectively avoid signal saturation and finally generate target amplified operating data adapted to the new level, which is then sent to the main controller and the waveform recording unit.

[0162] S34. If the initial amplification operation data is less than or equal to the preset maximum measurement threshold of the current gear, determine whether the initial amplification operation data is less than the preset percentage of the preset maximum measurement threshold of the current gear. Based on the third determination result, reduce the amplification circuit subunit by one gear and generate the target amplification operation data.

[0163] In this embodiment of the invention, the preset percentage of the maximum measurement threshold of the current setting refers to a proportional value (e.g., 9% of the maximum measurement threshold) set for the maximum measurement threshold of the current amplifier circuit subunit. This percentage is used to determine whether the current signal is too small and requires switching to a lower setting to improve measurement accuracy. This percentage is set based on the sensitivity requirements of signal measurement to ensure that minute signals can be accurately captured.

[0164] The third judgment result refers to the main controller's judgment on whether the initial amplified running data is less than the preset percentage of the preset maximum measurement threshold of the current gear. It is divided into two cases: "less than the preset percentage" and "not less than the preset percentage", which directly determines whether the gear needs to be reduced.

[0165] Downgrading an amplifier circuit subunit by one level refers to switching the currently used amplifier circuit subunit to the next level subunit with a smaller range (such as switching from the 500mA range to the 50mA range) in order to improve the measurement accuracy of small current signals.

[0166] Specifically, when the main controller determines that the initial amplified running data is less than or equal to the preset maximum measurement threshold of the current gear, it indicates that the subunit of the current gear can process the signal, but it is still necessary to further determine whether the signal is too small in order to determine whether it is necessary to improve the measurement accuracy by reducing the gear.

[0167] The main controller will compare the initial amplified operating data with a preset percentage (e.g., 9%) of the maximum measurement threshold for the current gear:

[0168] If the comparison result is "less than the preset percentage", it indicates that the current signal is too small, and the sub-unit at the current setting cannot accurately capture its minute changes (which may increase measurement errors). In this case, if the current sub-unit is not at its minimum setting, the main controller will trigger a shifting mechanism to lower it by one setting (e.g., from 500mA to 50mA). After the lower-setting sub-unit re-amplifies the operating data, it can amplify the minute signal to a clearer intensity, generating target amplified operating data containing more details, which is then sent to the main controller and the waveform recording unit.

[0169] This process is an important part of the device's adaptive range mechanism. By accurately judging and adjusting the range of small signals, it maximizes the measurement accuracy of minute current signals while avoiding signal saturation. This ensures that weak current changes during the switch closing process (such as float charging current fluctuations and minute oscillations at the moment of contact) can be accurately captured, providing more refined data support for subsequent fault diagnosis and further improving the device's adaptability to the full range of currents.

[0170] Further, step S34 includes the following sub-steps:

[0171] S341. Determine whether the initial amplified running data is less than the preset percentage of the maximum measurement threshold of the current gear.

[0172] In this embodiment of the invention, the main controller compares the initial amplified operation data with a preset percentage (e.g., 9%) of the maximum measurement threshold of the current gear.

[0173] S342. If it is greater than or equal to, then the current initial amplification running data is determined as the target amplification running data.

[0174] In this embodiment of the invention, if the comparison result is "not less than a preset percentage", it indicates that the current signal is within the measurement range of the current gear and the accuracy meets the requirements, so there is no need to switch gears. The main controller directly uses the amplification result of the current subunit as the target amplification operation data to ensure that the detection process is carried out efficiently.

[0175] S343. If it is less than, then determine whether the current amplifier circuit sub-unit is the smallest amplifier circuit sub-unit.

[0176] In this embodiment of the invention, the smallest range amplifier circuit subunit refers to the subunit with the smallest range in the amplifier circuit unit. It is mainly used to process weak current signals (such as a small current close to 0.1A). It has the highest amplification factor and can amplify extremely weak signals to a clearly identifiable intensity. It is the lowest range of the amplifier circuit subunit and cannot further improve the amplification capability of small signals by lowering the range.

[0177] If the comparison result is "less than the preset percentage", it means that the current signal is too small, and the sub-unit of the current range cannot accurately capture its minute changes (which may lead to increased measurement error). At this time, the main controller retrieves the range configuration information of the amplifier circuit sub-unit in the device, clarifies the range range and arrangement order of each range (from minimum to maximum), and then compares the currently used sub-unit range with the minimum range.

[0178] S344. If so, then the current initial amplification running data will be determined as the target amplification running data.

[0179] In this embodiment of the invention, if the current gear is the smallest gear amplification circuit sub-unit, it means that it is no longer possible to improve the measurement accuracy of small signals by reducing the gear. The main controller will keep the current gear unchanged and directly use the signal amplified by the sub-unit as the target amplification running data to avoid affecting the detection efficiency due to invalid gear switching.

[0180] S345. If not, the amplifier circuit subunit is downgraded by one level. The amplifier circuit subunit downgraded by one level amplifies the initial amplification operation data, generates new initial operation data, and jumps to execute the step of determining whether the initial amplification operation data is greater than the preset maximum measurement threshold of the current level through the main controller.

[0181] In this embodiment of the invention, if the current subunit is not at its lowest setting, the main controller will trigger a shift mechanism to lower it by one level (e.g., from 500mA to 50mA). After the lower-level subunit re-amplifies the operating data, it can amplify the tiny signal to a clearer intensity, until it generates target amplified operating data containing more details.

[0182] S35. The target magnification operation data is transmitted to the waveform recording unit and the main controller.

[0183] In this embodiment of the invention, the target magnification operation data is transmitted to the main controller and the waveform recording unit.

[0184] It is worth mentioning that, see Figures 5 to 7 The device internally incorporates multiple amplification circuits (default 50mA range). The main control CPU initially acquires data from Vout1. When the device detects that the current is close to the maximum range (i.e., the voltage at the data point is the saturation voltage of the amplification circuit), it automatically determines Vout1 as invalid data and retrieves data from the next preceding discharge circuit, thus increasing the current measurement range by one level. This process is not initiated when the CPU is acquiring data at Vout4. During detection, if the detected current is below 9% of the current range, it automatically retrieves data from the next preceding amplification circuit, thus decreasing the current measurement range by one level. This process is also not initiated when the CPU is acquiring data at Vout1. Through this process, the device intelligently switches between ranges by controlling the selected sampling position, ensuring the accuracy of the detected current to adapt to different current measurement needs.

[0185] For example, taking a current of approximately 30A in the circuit under test as an example, the sampling CT clamps the circuit under test. The main control CPU first collects data from Vout1 by default. After finding that the range has been reached, it automatically collects data from Vout2. If the voltage at Vout2 is still the saturation voltage, it collects data from Vout3 to obtain the actual current. After removing the clamp, the current drops to close to 0, and the CPU returns to Vout1 to collect data.

[0186] Step 103: Based on the target amplified operation data, trigger the waveform recording unit to collect the historical amplified operation data of the switch under test before the closing operation and the real-time amplified operation data after the closing operation and transmit them to the main controller.

[0187] In this embodiment of the invention, the historical amplified operating data before the closing operation refers to the "background information" before the switch closing action occurs, which can reflect the equipment status before closing (such as whether there is abnormal leakage, whether the line is in normal standby state, etc.). The waveform recording unit will retrieve the previously stored, amplified historical data to ensure the continuity and integrity of the data.

[0188] Real-time amplified operational data after the closing operation refers to the "dynamic record" after the switch state switchover. It includes key information such as the instantaneous current change at the moment of closing, arc discharge signal (if any), and stable current after closing. It directly reflects the safety and effectiveness of the closing operation (such as whether there is a closing failure or overcurrent fault). The waveform recording unit will collect and amplify these dynamic signals in real time to ensure that no instantaneous changes are missed.

[0189] When the main controller acquires the target amplification operation data, it indicates that the current amplification circuit subunit is in the appropriate range and the signal quality meets the waveform recording requirements. At this time, the waveform recording unit will be triggered to start the data collection work. The waveform recording unit will integrate the collected historical data and real-time data and send them to the main controller.

[0190] Step 104: The main controller performs waveform transformation processing on the historical amplified operation data and the real-time amplified operation data to generate operation characteristics.

[0191] In this embodiment of the invention, waveform transformation processing refers to the process by which the main controller uses Haar wavelet transform to mathematically transform and analyze the current waveforms of historical amplified operating data and real-time amplified operating data. Its core is to decompose the transient characteristics (such as the rising edge of the inrush current and the oscillation frequency) and steady-state characteristics (such as the baseline value of the static current) in the waveform, extracting key information hidden in the original waveform.

[0192] Operating characteristics refer to quantitative parameters or characteristic indicators that reflect the closing process and status of the switch under test after waveform transformation processing. These include peak current, rise time, number of oscillations, baseline stability, distortion rate, etc., and are the core basis for judging whether the switch closing is normal.

[0193] After the waveform recording unit transmits the historical amplified operation data and the real-time amplified operation data to the main controller, the main controller needs to perform in-depth processing on these raw waveform data to extract key information that can be used for diagnosis.

[0194] The waveform recording module detects sudden current changes: If a sudden current change is detected, it indicates that the switch closed accurately, the device displays "Successful Closing," and records the closing current waveform for 200ms before and 800ms after closing. If no sudden current change is detected for a long time, it indicates "Failed Closing," requiring further inspection of the switch status. Simultaneously, for the closing current waveform of a successful switch, a real-time wavelet transform is performed using the Haar wavelet basis, which has high computational efficiency and sudden change detection capabilities. This extracts characteristic parameters such as current rise time, peak value, and waveform distortion rate at the moment of switching, enabling the evaluation of the performance of devices such as switches and fuses, including issues like loose connections, abnormal contact resistance, or latent fuse failures, further ensuring system stability.

[0195] Taking Haar wavelet transform as an example, the main controller's processing procedure is as follows:

[0196] Decomposing transient and steady-state characteristics: Multi-scale decomposition is performed on the real-time amplified operating data at the moment of closing to separate the high-frequency components of the inrush current (such as the oscillation signal at the moment of contact) and the low-frequency components (such as the DC or fundamental AC after stabilization); for historical amplified operating data, the baseline value and small fluctuation patterns of the static current are extracted.

[0197] Quantization feature parameters: Specific operational features are obtained through calculation, for example:

[0198] Extract the peak value of the closing inrush current from real-time data (to determine if there is an overload), rise time (to reflect the speed of mechanical action), and number of oscillations (to assess contact stability).

[0199] By comparing historical and real-time data, the current baseline offset (to determine whether there is continuous leakage) and the abrupt change slope (to reflect the smoothness of circuit conduction) are extracted.

[0200] Specifically, the Haar wavelet function consists of a scaling function and a wavelet function, both of which are piecewise constant functions. The scaling function is used to capture low-frequency components (low-frequency approximation) such as the overall trend of the signal.

[0201] ;

[0202] Wavelet functions are used to extract high-frequency abrupt changes (high-frequency details) in signals, such as edges and transition points.

[0203] .

[0204] Furthermore, step 104 includes the following sub-steps:

[0205] S41. The main controller performs waveform transformation processing on the historical amplified operation data and the real-time amplified operation data to generate waveform operation data.

[0206] In this embodiment of the invention, waveform operation data refers to current waveform data generated after waveform transformation and presented in a structured form. It includes information such as the time-amplitude characteristics of the original waveform, the frequency components after decomposition, and key node parameters (such as peak time and oscillation period). It is the direct basis for the main controller to perform status analysis and fault diagnosis.

[0207] The main controller performs Haar wavelet transform on historical and real-time amplified running data to obtain waveform running data.

[0208] S42. Extract the features of the waveform running data and generate running features.

[0209] In this embodiment of the invention, after the main controller obtains waveform operation data, it needs to extract features with diagnostic value from it and convert them into quantifiable operation features.

[0210] Step 105: Match the operating characteristics with the operating characteristics in the preset characteristic library, and determine the closing status and fault information of the switch under test based on the matching results.

[0211] In this embodiment of the invention, the preset feature library refers to a set of standard operating characteristic parameters pre-stored in the main controller, containing various types of switches under normal closing and typical fault states. These parameters are based on a large amount of experimental data or historical experience and serve as a reference benchmark for judging the state of the switch under test, such as: the peak range of the inrush current during normal closing, the oscillation frequency characteristics corresponding to poor contact faults, etc.

[0212] The matching result refers to the result of matching the running features with the running features in the preset feature library.

[0213] The closing status refers to the working state of the switch under test after the closing operation. It is mainly divided into two categories: "normal closing" and "abnormal closing". "Abnormal closing" can be further subdivided into mechanical faults (such as contact jamming) and electrical faults (such as poor contact).

[0214] Fault information refers to the specific fault type, location, and severity information obtained through feature matching analysis when the closing status is "abnormal". Examples include "poor contact of contacts (moderate)" and "aging of closing coil (mild)".

[0215] After the main controller generates operating characteristics, these characteristics need to be compared with the standard parameters in the preset characteristic library to determine the closing status and fault information of the switch under test. This process is the core link in realizing intelligent diagnosis.

[0216] It is worth mentioning that the CPU evaluates the performance of devices such as switches and fuses:

[0217] Analysis and summary of fault waveform characteristics reveal that, for example, poor contact faults (contact wear / contamination) exhibit distinct waveform characteristics: a high-frequency oscillation group (>5MHz) appears at the moment of closing, a stepped plateau exists on the current rising edge (due to a sudden change in contact resistance), and steady-state current ripple >10% (normal <2%); mechanical jamming (spring fatigue / connecting rod deformation) prolongs the closing time by >1.5 times (e.g., normal 50ms → fault >75ms), the current rise rate di / dt decreases by 30%~50%, and multiple dips appear at the leading edge of the waveform. Point (intermittent conduction caused by mechanical vibration); partial discharge of insulation with periodic current spikes (amplitude 0.1~5% of rated current) within 10ms after closing, with spike intervals corresponding to half-cycle of power frequency (10ms / 50Hz); FFT shows a sudden increase in 3rd / 5th harmonics (>25%); hidden damage to the iron core (transformer switch); inrush current asymmetry >40% (normal <20%), second harmonic content <10% (normal >15%), DC component duration >100ms (normal <30ms).

[0218] These fault waveforms and normal closing waveforms are pre-set in the device to form a feature library and fault library. After the device monitors the closing current, it records and broadcasts the waveforms and performs intelligent analysis with the feature library to evaluate the performance of equipment such as switches and fuses.

[0219] The final generated closing status and fault information will be fed back to the operator through the human-machine interaction unit (such as display screen and voice prompts) to guide them in subsequent maintenance or repair operations, realizing full automation from data acquisition to fault diagnosis.

[0220] Please see Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a structural block diagram of a loop state diagnostic system provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0221] This invention provides a loop condition diagnostic system, relating to a handheld loop condition diagnostic device. The handheld device includes a sampling unit, an amplification circuit unit, a waveform recording unit, and a main controller. The system comprises:

[0222] The closing module 201 is used to perform a closing operation on the switch under test. It collects the operating data of the switch under test in real time through the sampling unit and inputs it into the amplification circuit unit.

[0223] The amplification processing module 202 is used to amplify the operating data according to the amplification circuit unit, generate target amplified operating data, and send it to the waveform recording unit.

[0224] The collection module 203 is used to trigger the waveform recording unit to collect historical amplified operation data of the switch under test before the closing operation and real-time amplified operation data after the closing operation based on the target amplified operation data, and transmit it to the main controller.

[0225] The waveform transformation processing module 204 is used to perform waveform transformation processing on historical amplified operation data and real-time amplified operation data through the main controller to generate operation characteristics;

[0226] The matching module 205 is used to match the operating characteristics with the operating characteristics in the preset characteristic library, and determine the closing status and fault information of the switch under test based on the matching results.

[0227] Furthermore, prior to the closing module 201, the following is also included:

[0228] The monitoring submodule is used to determine whether the device mode of the switch under test is the closing monitoring mode before the switch under test performs the closing operation.

[0229] The jump execution submodule is used to determine whether the device mode of the switch under test is the closing monitoring mode before the switch under test performs the closing operation.

[0230] The acquisition submodule is used to trigger the sampling unit to collect the operating data of the switch under test in real time before closing if the condition is met.

[0231] The transmission submodule is used to transmit the operating data before closing to the amplifier circuit unit;

[0232] The pre-closing amplification processing submodule is used to amplify the pre-closing operating data through the amplification circuit unit, generate pre-closing amplified data, and send it to the main controller.

[0233] The zero-adjustment submodule is used to determine whether there is environmental interference induced current in the amplified data before closing the circuit breaker through the main controller, and to perform zero-adjustment operation on the sampling unit based on the first judgment result.

[0234] Furthermore, the handheld circuit condition diagnostic device also includes an analog-to-digital output unit; the zero-adjustment submodule includes:

[0235] The first judgment submodule is used to determine whether there is environmental interference induced current in the amplified data before closing the circuit through the main controller.

[0236] The control submodule is used to control the analog-to-digital output unit to perform a zero-adjustment operation on the sampling unit if the condition is met.

[0237] The execution submodule is used to perform the closing operation of the switch under test if not, and to collect the operating data of the switch under test in real time through the sampling unit and input it into the amplification circuit unit.

[0238] Furthermore, the sampling unit includes an electromagnetic sensor and a closed-loop Hall sensor; the closing module 201 includes:

[0239] The AC component acquisition submodule is used to perform a closing operation on the switch under test and acquires the AC component of the switch under test in real time through an electromagnetic sensor.

[0240] The DC component acquisition submodule is used to acquire the DC component of the switch under test in real time through a closed-loop Hall sensor;

[0241] The runtime data submodule is used to generate runtime data using both AC and DC components;

[0242] The input submodule is used to input operating data into the amplifier circuit unit.

[0243] Furthermore, the amplifier circuit unit includes multiple amplifier circuit sub-units; the amplification processing module 202 includes:

[0244] The first gear submodule is used to amplify the operating data according to the amplifier circuit subunit of the first gear, generate the initial amplified operating data and send it to the main controller;

[0245] The second judgment submodule is used to determine, through the main controller, whether the initial amplified running data is greater than the preset maximum measurement threshold of the current gear.

[0246] The third judgment submodule is used to determine whether the current amplifier circuit subunit is the maximum amplifier circuit subunit if the current measurement threshold is greater than the preset current level, and adjust the amplifier circuit subunit by one level according to the second judgment result to generate target amplification operation data.

[0247] The fourth judgment submodule is used to determine whether the initial amplification operation data is less than a preset percentage of the preset maximum measurement threshold of the current gear if it is less than or equal to the preset maximum measurement threshold of the current gear. Based on the third judgment result, the amplification circuit subunit is reduced by one gear to generate the target amplification operation data.

[0248] The data transmission submodule is used to transmit the target magnification operation data to the waveform recording unit and the main controller.

[0249] Furthermore, the third judgment submodule includes:

[0250] The fifth submodule is used to determine whether the current amplifier circuit subunit is the maximum range amplifier circuit subunit;

[0251] The first target amplification running data submodule is used to determine the current initial amplification running data as the target amplification running data if the condition is met.

[0252] The adjustment submodule is used to adjust the amplifier circuit subunit by one level if no, and then amplify the initial amplification operation data by the amplifier circuit subunit after adjusting by one level, generate new initial operation data, and jump to execute the step of determining whether the initial amplification operation data is greater than the preset maximum measurement threshold of the current level through the main controller.

[0253] Furthermore, the fourth judgment submodule includes:

[0254] The sixth judgment submodule is used to determine whether the initial amplified running data is less than a preset percentage of the preset maximum measurement threshold for the current gear.

[0255] The second target amplification running data submodule is used to determine the current initial amplification running data as the target amplification running data if it is greater than or equal to the target amplification running data.

[0256] The seventh judgment submodule is used to determine whether the current amplifier circuit subunit is the smallest amplifier circuit subunit if the value is less than the minimum value.

[0257] The third target amplification running data submodule is used to determine the current initial amplification running data as the target amplification running data if the condition is met.

[0258] The downgrade submodule is used to downgrade the amplifier circuit subunit by one level if no. The downgraded amplifier circuit subunit amplifies the initial amplification operation data, generates new initial operation data, and jumps to execute the step of determining whether the initial amplification operation data is greater than the preset maximum measurement threshold of the current level through the main controller.

[0259] Furthermore, the waveform transformation processing module 204 includes:

[0260] The waveform transformation processing submodule is used to perform waveform transformation processing on historical amplified running data and real-time amplified running data through the main controller to generate waveform running data.

[0261] The extraction submodule is used to extract features from waveform running data and generate running features.

[0262] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0263] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units through some interfaces, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0264] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0265] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0266] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0267] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments can still be modified, or some of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for diagnosing loop conditions, characterized in that, The invention relates to a handheld device for loop condition diagnosis, the handheld device comprising a sampling unit, an amplification circuit unit, a waveform recording unit, and a main controller, the method comprising: The circuit breaker performs a closing operation on the switch under test, and collects the operating data of the switch under test in real time through the sampling unit and inputs it into the amplifier circuit unit. The operating data is amplified by the amplification circuit unit to generate target amplified operating data, which is then sent to the waveform recording unit. Based on the target amplified operation data, the waveform recording unit is triggered to collect the historical amplified operation data of the switch under test before the closing operation and the real-time amplified operation data after the closing operation, and transmits them to the main controller. The main controller performs waveform transformation processing on the historical amplified operation data and the real-time amplified operation data to generate operation characteristics. The operating characteristics are matched with the operating characteristics in the preset characteristic library, and the closing status and fault information of the switch under test are determined based on the matching results.

2. The loop condition diagnosis method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before the step of performing a closing operation on the switch under test, acquiring the operating data of the switch under test in real time through the sampling unit, and inputting it into the amplification circuit unit, the method further includes: Before the switch under test performs a closing operation, it is determined whether the device mode of the switch under test is the closing monitoring mode; If not, then proceed to the step of determining whether the device mode of the switch under test is the closing monitoring mode before the switch under test performs the closing operation; If so, the sampling unit is triggered to collect the operating data of the switch under test before closing in real time; The pre-closing operation data is transmitted to the amplifier circuit unit; The amplification circuit unit amplifies the pre-closing operation data to generate pre-closing amplified data, which is then sent to the main controller. The main controller determines whether there is environmental interference induced current in the amplified data before closing the circuit breaker, and performs a zero-adjustment operation on the sampling unit based on the first determination result.

3. The loop condition diagnosis method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The handheld device for circuit state diagnosis also includes an analog-to-digital output unit; the step of determining whether there is environmental interference induced current in the amplified data before closing the circuit breaker through the main controller, and performing a zero-adjustment operation on the sampling unit based on the first determination result, includes: The main controller determines whether there is environmental interference induced current in the amplified data before closing the circuit breaker. If so, then control the analog-to-digital output unit to perform a zero-adjustment operation on the sampling unit; If not, then the following steps are performed: performing a closing operation on the switch under test, collecting the operating data of the switch under test in real time through the sampling unit, and inputting it into the amplification circuit unit.

4. The loop condition diagnosis method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sampling unit includes an electromagnetic sensor and a closed-loop Hall sensor; the circuit performs a closing operation on the switch under test, and the sampling unit collects the operating data of the switch under test in real time and inputs it into the amplification circuit unit, including: The switch under test is closed, and the AC component of the switch under test is collected in real time by the electromagnetic sensor. The DC component of the switch under test is acquired in real time by the closed-loop Hall sensor. Operating data is generated using the AC component and the DC component; The operating data is input into the amplifier circuit unit.

5. The loop condition diagnosis method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amplification circuit unit includes multiple amplification circuit sub-units; the step of amplifying the operating data according to the amplification circuit unit, generating target amplified operating data, and transmitting it to the waveform recording unit includes: The operating data is amplified by the amplification circuit subunit of the first gear to generate initial amplified operating data and send it to the main controller; The main controller determines whether the initial amplified operating data is greater than the preset maximum measurement threshold for the current gear. If the current measurement threshold is greater than the preset maximum measurement threshold, it is determined whether the current amplifier circuit subunit is the maximum amplifier circuit subunit, and the amplifier circuit subunit is increased by one level according to the second determination result to generate target amplification operation data. If the initial amplified operating data is less than or equal to the preset maximum measurement threshold of the current gear, it is determined whether the initial amplified operating data is less than a preset percentage of the preset maximum measurement threshold of the current gear. Based on the third determination result, the amplification circuit subunit is reduced by one gear to generate the target amplified operating data. The target amplification operation data is transmitted to the waveform recording unit and the main controller.

6. The loop condition diagnosis method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of determining whether the current amplifier circuit subunit is the maximum-level amplifier circuit subunit, and adjusting the amplifier circuit subunit by one level according to the second determination result to generate target amplification operation data includes: Determine whether the current amplifier circuit sub-unit is the maximum range amplifier circuit sub-unit; If so, then the current initial amplification running data will be determined as the target amplification running data; If not, the amplifier circuit subunit is increased by one level. The amplifier circuit subunit with the increased level amplifies the initial amplification operation data, generates new initial operation data, and then jumps to execute the step of determining whether the initial amplification operation data is greater than the preset maximum measurement threshold of the current level by the main controller.

7. The loop condition diagnosis method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of determining whether the initial amplified operating data is less than a preset percentage of the preset maximum measurement threshold for the current gear, and generating target amplified operating data by reducing the amplification circuit subunit by one gear based on the third determination result, includes: Determine whether the initial amplified running data is less than a preset percentage of the preset maximum measurement threshold for the current gear; If it is greater than or equal to, then the current initial amplification running data is determined as the target amplification running data; If it is less than, then determine whether the current amplifier circuit subunit is the smallest amplifier circuit subunit; If so, then the current initial amplification running data will be determined as the target amplification running data; If not, the amplifier circuit subunit is downgraded by one level. The downgraded amplifier circuit subunit amplifies the initial amplification operation data to generate new initial operation data. Then, the process jumps to execute the step of determining whether the initial amplification operation data is greater than the preset maximum measurement threshold of the current level by the main controller.

8. The loop condition diagnosis method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of generating operating characteristics by performing waveform transformation processing on the historical amplified operating data and the real-time amplified operating data through the main controller includes: The main controller performs waveform transformation processing on the historical amplified operation data and the real-time amplified operation data to generate waveform operation data. Extract the features from the waveform running data to generate running features.

9. A loop condition diagnostic system, characterized in that, The invention relates to a handheld device for loop condition diagnosis, the handheld device comprising a sampling unit, an amplification circuit unit, a waveform recording unit, and a main controller, the system comprising: The closing module is used to perform a closing operation on the switch under test. It collects the operating data of the switch under test in real time through the sampling unit and inputs it into the amplification circuit unit. An amplification processing module is used to amplify the operating data according to the amplification circuit unit, generate target amplified operating data, and send it to the waveform recording unit. The collection module is used to trigger the waveform recording unit to collect the historical amplified operation data of the switch under test before the closing operation and the real-time amplified operation data after the closing operation based on the target amplified operation data, and transmit them to the main controller; The waveform transformation processing module is used to perform waveform transformation processing on the historical amplified operation data and the real-time amplified operation data through the main controller to generate operation characteristics; The matching module is used to match the operating characteristics with the operating characteristics in the preset characteristic library, and determine the closing status and fault information of the switch under test based on the matching results.

10. The loop condition diagnostic system according to claim 9, characterized in that, Prior to the closing module, it also includes: The monitoring submodule is used to determine whether the device mode of the switch under test is the closing monitoring mode before the switch under test performs a closing operation. The jump execution submodule is used to determine whether the device mode of the switch under test is the closing monitoring mode before the switch under test performs the closing operation, if not. The acquisition submodule is used to trigger the sampling unit to acquire the operating data of the switch under test before closing in real time if the condition is met. The transmission submodule is used to transmit the pre-closing operating data to the amplifier circuit unit; The pre-closing amplification processing submodule is used to amplify the pre-closing operating data through the amplification circuit unit, generate pre-closing amplified data, and send it to the main controller. The zero-adjustment submodule is used to determine whether there is environmental interference induced current in the amplified data before closing the circuit breaker through the main controller, and to perform zero-adjustment operation on the sampling unit according to the first judgment result.

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