New energy-hydrogen energy comprehensive energy system for service hydrogen fuel heavy truck hydrogenation along way

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent allocation, in particular to a new energy-hydrogen energy comprehensive energy system for service hydrogen fuel heavy truck hydrogenation on the way. The system comprises a memory and a processor, and the processor executes a computer program stored in the memory so as to realize the following steps: obtaining a relationship between an electric energy flow and a material flow of a rural energy network, the total consumed time of the hydrogen fuel heavy truck passing through the service area of the coupling system is obtained by combining the duration required by the hydrogen fuel heavy truck in various states in the single scheduling time period, the running duration of the hydrogen fuel heavy truck and the consumed time of hydrogen filling in the hydrogen refueling station each time; determining an optimization target of the day-ahead stage according to the cost and income of each link of the day-ahead stage; and according to various constraint conditions, the optimization target, the refueling demand guarantee condition of the hydrogen fuel heavy truck in the intraday stage, the selectable condition of the hydrogen refueling station, the equipment depreciation cost and the annual return on investment, optimizing the hydrogen refueling strategy of the hydrogen fuel heavy truck on the way. According to the invention, a hydrogen fuel heavy truck on-way hydrogenation strategy is optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent energy allocation technology, specifically to a new energy-hydrogen integrated energy system for refueling hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks along their routes. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the grid connection of distributed renewable energy has grown rapidly, especially in rural areas, where its output has generally exceeded local load demand, leading to problems such as transformer reverse overload and other issues detrimental to grid stability. Electrolysis-based hydrogen production systems can solve these problems. The electrolyzer can quickly respond to fluctuations in renewable energy power and convert unabsorbed energy into hydrogen. However, electricity demand is low in rural areas. In some areas with high renewable energy penetration, renewable green electricity generation has already exceeded total residential electricity consumption, requiring the transportation and sale of produced hydrogen to achieve a balance between power generation and demand. However, the hydrogen production of distributed electrolysis-hydrogen systems is relatively small. Large-scale hydrogen production plants may not be willing to purchase the scattered hydrogen, which is difficult to transport centrally.

[0003] Hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks will play a crucial role in the future green transportation industry. In long-haul freight, their faster refueling speed is a significant advantage over electric heavy-duty trucks. Especially on relatively fixed freight routes, the hydrogen demand and timing for hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks are relatively predictable. For rural power grids with high renewable energy penetration, located near highway service stations or national highway hydrogen refueling stations, supplying these stations with hydrogen fuel at set times is efficient, economical, controllable, and dispatchable.

[0004] In summary, designing an optimized operation method for a new energy-water electrolysis hydrogen production coupling system that considers the hydrogen refueling needs of hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks along their routes is an effective means to improve the overall benefits of the new energy-water electrolysis hydrogen production coupling system. This involves rationally analyzing the travel information of hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks and the uncertainty of new energy output, adjusting the operating power of each water electrolysis hydrogen production system and the transportation plan of hydrogen storage tanks along the route, and minimizing the capacity configuration requirements of hydrogen storage tanks while meeting the hydrogen refueling needs of hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a new energy-hydrogen integrated energy system for refueling hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks along their routes. The specific technical solution adopted is as follows: This invention provides a new energy-hydrogen integrated energy system for refueling hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks along their routes. The system includes a memory and a processor. The processor executes a computer program stored in the memory to achieve the following steps: To obtain information on the flow of electricity and materials in rural energy networks, as well as the relationship between the flow of electricity and materials. Based on the relationship between electrical energy flow and material flow, and combined with the time required for hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks under various conditions in a single scheduling period, the driving time of hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks, and the time consumed for each hydrogen refueling at a hydrogen refueling station, the total time consumed by hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks in the service area of ​​the route coupling system is obtained. Based on the costs and benefits of each stage in the day-ahead phase, the optimization objectives for the day-ahead phase are determined. Based on various constraints, the aforementioned optimization objectives, the availability of hydrogen refueling demand for heavy-duty trucks during the day-ahead phase, the availability of hydrogen refueling stations, equipment depreciation costs, and annualized return on investment, the hydrogen refueling strategy for heavy-duty trucks along the route is optimized. The constraints include: operating power constraints of the hydrogen production system, capacity constraints of the mobile hydrogen storage tanks configured in the microgrid, power constraints of the hydrogen refueling machine at the hydrogen refueling station, and capacity constraints of the fixed hydrogen storage tanks at the hydrogen refueling station.

[0006] Preferably, the relationship between electrical energy flow and material flow is as follows: ; ; in, The hydrogen production efficiency of electrolyzer i during time period t; Let be the hydrogen energy conversion efficiency of fuel cell i during time period t; The energy density of hydrogen gas; The length of the scheduling period; Let t be the hydrogen production of electrolyzer i during time period t; Let be the hydrogen consumption of fuel cell i during time period t; Let t be the operating power of electrolytic cell i during time period t; Let be the discharge power of fuel cell i during time period t.

[0007] Preferably, the acquisition of the total time spent in the service area of ​​the hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty truck route coupling system includes: The travel time for each hydrogen fuel cell heavy truck for each segment is obtained based on the distance of each segment and the speed of each hydrogen fuel cell heavy truck. Based on the hydrogen refueling demand of each hydrogen fuel heavy truck when passing through hydrogen refueling stations, the hydrogen refueling speed of each hydrogen refueling station, the time for entering the hydrogen refueling station, the time for leaving the hydrogen refueling station, and the refueling preparation time, the hydrogen refueling time of each hydrogen fuel heavy truck at each hydrogen refueling station is obtained. The total travel time of the hydrogen fuel cell heavy truck in the service area of ​​the route coupling system is obtained by summing the travel time of each segment of the route and the hydrogen refueling time at each hydrogen refueling station.

[0008] Preferably, after obtaining the total time spent in the service area of ​​the hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty truck route coupling system, the method further includes: obtaining the minimum fuel requirement constraint of the hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty truck when selecting a hydrogen refueling station.

[0009] Preferably, determining the optimization objective for the day-ahead stage based on the costs and benefits of each stage includes: Based on the distributed renewable energy power forecast information and the hydrogen fuel heavy truck transportation plan, the day-ahead comprehensive expected net revenue of the service area of ​​the coupled system is calculated. Among them, the day-ahead comprehensive expected revenue includes revenue from hydrogen sales at hydrogen refueling stations and revenue from grid connection of rural microgrid power generation, and expenditures include hydrogen production losses, renewable energy abandonment costs, short-distance hydrogen transportation costs, compressor power consumption, and refueling power consumption. Maximizing the expected net return before the day is the optimization objective for the day-ahead phase.

[0010] Preferably, the power constraints for the hydrogen production system include the power constraints of the water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment, the power constraints of the fuel cell, and the power constraints of the compressor; The power constraint for water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment is: the operating power of the water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment is greater than or equal to 0, and less than or equal to the rated operating power of the water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment; The power constraint for fuel cells is: the operating power of the fuel cell is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to the rated operating power of the fuel cell; The compressor power constraint is: the compressor's operating power is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to the compressor's rated power; The expression for the capacity constraint of the mobile hydrogen storage tank in the microgrid configuration is as follows: ; in, This represents the state of charge of the mobile hydrogen storage tank within microgrid i during time period t+1. The state of charge of the mobile hydrogen storage tank within microgrid i during time period t; The capacity of the mobile hydrogen storage tank within the microgrid i is calculated in units of energy. The hydrogen production efficiency of electrolyzer i during time period t; Let be the hydrogen energy conversion efficiency of fuel cell i during time period t; The operating power of the water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment within microgrid i during time period t; Let be the operating power of the fuel cell within microgrid i during time period t; The length of the scheduling period; The power constraint for hydrogen refueling machines at hydrogen refueling stations is: the power of the refueling machines at hydrogen refueling stations is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to the rated power of the refueling machines; The expression for the capacity constraint of the fixed hydrogen storage tank at a hydrogen refueling station is: ; in, The state of charge of the fixed hydrogen storage tank in hydrogen refueling station j during time period t+1; The state of charge of the fixed hydrogen storage tank at hydrogen refueling station j during time period t. The value is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1; The hydrogen refueling rate at hydrogen refueling stations along the route; The capacity of the hydrogen storage tank inside the hydrogen refueling station is expressed in kg. , Let be the indicator function of the hydrogen refueling machine at hydrogen refueling station j, which refuels the station and heavy-duty trucks with hydrogen fuel. and The value is 0 or 1. This indicates that hydrogen is being added to the station. This indicates that hydrogen is being added to a hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty truck.

[0011] Preferably, the formula for calculating the demand guarantee index is as follows: ; ; In the formula, The demand guarantee index is used to characterize the refueling demand guarantee of hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks. To meet the hydrogen refueling requirements of hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks; This refers to the actual amount of hydrogen refueling for hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks. This indicates the refueling demand for hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks. A collection of hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks; The formula for calculating the selectivity index is as follows: ; ; In the formula, The selectivity index is used to characterize the availability of hydrogen refueling stations. The proportion of hydrogen refueling stations for hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks can be freely selected; Number of hydrogen refueling stations; The number of optional hydrogen refueling stations for hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks.

[0012] Preferably, equipment depreciation includes depreciation of mobile hydrogen storage tanks, depreciation of water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment, depreciation of fuel cells, depreciation of stationary hydrogen storage tanks, and depreciation of hydrogen refueling equipment.

[0013] Preferably, the formula for calculating the total depreciation cost of equipment is: ; ; ' ' ; ; ; ; ; in, Total depreciation cost; This refers to the total depreciation cost of equipment related to rural microgrids. Total depreciation cost of equipment related to hydrogen refueling stations along the route; , , , These are the depreciation costs of the water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment, fuel cells, mobile hydrogen storage tanks, and compressors within the microgrid i. , These are the depreciation costs of the hydrogen refueling machine and the fixed hydrogen storage tank at hydrogen refueling station j, respectively. , , , These are the construction costs for the water electrolysis equipment, fuel cells, compressors, and hydrogen refueling machines, respectively. , The construction costs are for mobile and stationary hydrogen storage tanks, respectively. , , , These refer to the service life of the water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment, fuel cell, mobile hydrogen storage tank, and compressor within the microgrid i. , These refer to the service life of the hydrogen refueling machine and the fixed hydrogen storage tank at hydrogen refueling station J, respectively. The duration of the statistical period; This represents the annualized investment interest rate. This is for optimizing the time set in advance.

[0014] Preferably, after obtaining the total depreciation cost of the equipment, it also includes: The following formulas are used to calculate the overall annualized rate of return and the total construction cost of the coupled service system: ; ; in, The overall annualized rate of return for the coupled service system; The total construction cost of the coupled service system.

[0015] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The new energy-hydrogen energy integrated system for hydrogen refueling of heavy-duty trucks provided by this invention predicts the refueling demand of hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks along the route based on freight plans. It takes into account the deviation of the freight plan for hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks and the uncertainty of new energy output. Combined with new energy power prediction and various constraints, it optimizes the operating power of the water electrolysis hydrogen production system and the transportation plan of hydrogen storage tanks, thereby improving the overall operating efficiency of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a new energy-hydrogen integrated energy system for refueling hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks along the way, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 Flowchart for rolling optimization of electrolytic cell charging plans; Figure 3 Figure showing the impact of uncertainties in freight transport plans and new energy output on the planned charge and discharge power of electrolyzers; Figure 4 A graph showing the total output of different distributed photovoltaic clusters in a certain region; Figure 5 A diagram showing the distribution of hydrogen refueling stations and distributed photovoltaic clusters along a certain transportation route; Figure 6 The diagram shows the effect of increasing the daily equivalent utilization hours of each hydrogen tank. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose, the following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, describes a new energy-hydrogen integrated energy system for refueling hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks along the route, based on the present invention.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0020] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details a specific scheme for a new energy-hydrogen integrated energy system for refueling hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks along the route, provided by the present invention.

[0021] Example of a new energy-hydrogen integrated energy system for refueling hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks along their routes: This embodiment proposes a new energy-hydrogen integrated energy system for refueling hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks along their routes, such as... Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this is a structural diagram of the new energy-hydrogen integrated energy system for refueling hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks along the route in this embodiment. The method performed by this system includes the following steps: Step S1: Obtain the electrical energy flow, material flow, and the relationship between electrical energy flow and material flow in the rural energy network.

[0022] The new energy-water electrolysis hydrogen production coupling system proposed in this embodiment comprises three parts: the first part is a regional rural integrated energy network including distributed new energy clusters, local loads, and distributed water electrolysis hydrogen production systems; the second part is a short-distance transportation network including shared hydrogen storage tanks and transport vehicles; and the third part is a planned hydrogen sales flow including hydrogen refueling stations and heavy-duty hydrogen fuel cell trucks for freight. The hydrogen produced by the water electrolysis hydrogen production system has two uses: first, to supply power to local loads through local fuel cell power generation devices; and second, to sell hydrogen to hydrogen refueling stations through the short-distance transportation network.

[0023] When analyzing electrical energy flow, the main considerations are the power distribution network, distributed new energy sources, electrolyzers, and fuel cells. When analyzing material flow, the main considerations are the process of supplying gas from the electrolyzer to the hydrogen storage tank, the process of the compressor storing gas in the hydrogen storage tank, and the process of transporting hydrogen from the storage tank to other parts of the storage tank.

[0024] The expression for the electrical energy flow in a rural energy network is as follows: ,(1); In the formula, The electrical energy transmitted to the power grid and local load in region i during time period t, in MW; The operating power of electrolytic cell i during time period t is expressed in MW. Let be the discharge power of fuel cell i during time period t, in MW; Let t represent the amount of renewable energy curtailed in region i during time period t, in MW. The power generation capacity of distributed renewable energy in region i during time period t is expressed in MW.

[0025] The material flow expression for a rural energy network is as follows: (2); In the formula, The hydrogen production of electrolyzer i during time period t is expressed in kg. The mass of hydrogen injected into the transport vehicle by electrolyzer i during time period t, in kg. The hydrogen consumption of fuel cell i during time period t is expressed in kg. The expression for the relationship between power flow and material flow in a rural energy network is as follows: (3); (4); In the formula, The hydrogen production efficiency of electrolyzer i during time period t; Let be the hydrogen energy conversion efficiency of fuel cell i during time period t; The energy density of hydrogen is expressed in MWh / kg. This refers to the length of the scheduling period, expressed in hours (h). When hydrogen is used as fuel, the energy density is generally taken as the lower calorific value, i.e., =0.033MWh / kg.

[0026] Step S2: Based on the relationship between electrical energy flow and material flow, and combining the time required for hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks under various conditions within a single scheduling period, the driving time of hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks, and the time consumed for hydrogen refueling at each hydrogen refueling station, the total time consumed by hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks in the service area of ​​the coupled system is obtained.

[0027] For vehicles transporting hydrogen through rural transportation networks, there are three states: 1) carrying mobile hydrogen storage tanks within the rural energy network; 2) moving en route; and 3) refueling at hydrogen refueling stations. For ease of solution, it is assumed that rural short-distance hydrogen transport vehicles can only be in one of these states during each scheduling period. Then: (5); (6); (7); (8); In the formula: For time period t, indicate whether the rural short-distance hydrogen transport vehicle i is in motion, 0 indicates no, 1 indicates yes; For time period t, indicate whether the rural short-distance hydrogen transport vehicle i is in a mobile hydrogen storage tank loading state, 0 indicates no, 1 indicates yes; For time period t, indicate whether the rural short-distance hydrogen transport vehicle i is unloading hydrogen at a hydrogen refueling station along the route. 0 indicates no, and 1 indicates yes.

[0028] Since completing a short-distance hydrogen transport mission across a rural transportation network involves four stages: traveling to the hydrogen refueling location, loading the hydrogen storage tank, traveling to hydrogen refueling stations along the route, and refueling at the refueling stations, the formula for calculating the time required to complete a short-distance hydrogen transport mission is as follows: (9); (10); ,(11) (12); , (13); , (14); Wherein, is the total operation time, in hours, i.e., h; is the transportation task set of the rural short-distance hydrogen transport vehicle i; is the duration of the k-th transportation task of the rural short-distance hydrogen transport vehicle i, in h; is the duration of the k-th loading of the mobile hydrogen storage tank from the rural microgrid by the rural short-distance hydrogen transport vehicle i, in h; is the time required to remove the mobile hydrogen storage tank from the electrolytic water hydrogen production system, in h; is the time required to load the mobile hydrogen storage tank onto the vehicle, in h; is the time required for the rural short-distance hydrogen transport vehicle i to refuel at the roadside hydrogen refueling station for the k-th time, in h; is the time required for the rural short-distance hydrogen transport vehicle i to travel back and forth between the rural microgrid and the roadside hydrogen refueling station for the k-th time, in h; is the time required for the rural short-distance hydrogen transport vehicle i to return from the roadside hydrogen refueling station to the rural microgrid for the k-th time, in h; is the time required for the rural short-distance hydrogen transport vehicle i to leave the rural microgrid and drive towards the roadside hydrogen refueling station for the k-th time, in h; is the hydrogen loading amount of the k-th transportation task of the rural short-distance hydrogen transport vehicle i, in kg; is the hydrogen refueling rate of the roadside hydrogen refueling station j, in kg / h; is the distance from the rural microgrid i to the hydrogen refueling station j, in km; is the speed of the short-distance hydrogen transport vehicle supporting the rural microgrid i, in km / h.

[0029] Next, establish the relationship between the hydrogen refueling demand - time - hydrogen refueling station selection range of the hydrogen fuel heavy truck.

[0030] Assume that the hydrogen fuel heavy truck needs to refuel during the process of entering the "new energy - electrolytic water hydrogen production - hydrogen refueling station" coupling system and leaving the "new energy - electrolytic water hydrogen production - hydrogen refueling station" coupling system, and the hydrogen refueling demand is known. Then, the calculation formulas for the time of each stage in the operation plan of the hydrogen fuel heavy truck are as follows: , (15); , (16); , (17); , (18); , (19); , (20); In the formula, The total time spent serving the area of ​​all hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks via the route coupling system, in hours; The total duration of the service area of ​​the coupling system during the kth path of a hydrogen fuel cell heavy truck n, in hours; The planned set of service areas for the n-path coupling system of hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks; The travel time of the m-th segment of the journey for a hydrogen fuel cell heavy truck (n) is given in hours. The distance of the m-th segment is expressed in km. The speed of the hydrogen fuel cell heavy truck n is expressed in km / h. The time taken for a hydrogen-fueled heavy truck n to refuel at hydrogen refueling station j is expressed in hours (h). The indicator function for whether a hydrogen fuel cell heavy truck n refuels at hydrogen station j when serving the service area of ​​the coupling system during its kth route is 0, where 0 indicates no hydrogen refueling and 1 indicates hydrogen refueling. Time for entering / leaving a hydrogen refueling station and preparation time for refueling, in hours; The hydrogen refueling demand at hydrogen refueling station j when serving the service area of ​​the k-th route coupling system for hydrogen fuel heavy truck n, in kg; The hydrogen refueling requirement for a hydrogen fuel cell heavy truck n during its kth route coupling system service area, in kg; The set of paths within the service area of ​​the coupled system; This is a collection of hydrogen refueling stations.

[0031] It should be noted that when a hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty truck enters the service area of ​​the coupling system, the remaining fuel in the vehicle may not be enough to support its journey out of the service area. Therefore, there are certain limitations on the selection of hydrogen refueling stations, namely, that the vehicle always has enough fuel to reach the next hydrogen refueling station. The constraint expression is as follows: ,(twenty one); ,(twenty two); In the formula, The remaining fuel in kg for hydrogen fuel cell heavy truck n when it reaches hydrogen refueling station j in the service area of ​​the kth route coupling system. The minimum fuel requirement for driving from hydrogen refueling station j to hydrogen refueling station j+1, in kg; This refers to the fuel consumption per unit distance for hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks, expressed in kg / km. The distance from hydrogen refueling station j to hydrogen refueling station j+1 is expressed in km.

[0032] Step S3: Determine the optimization objective for the day-ahead stage based on the costs and benefits of each stage. Optimize the hydrogen refueling strategy for heavy-duty trucks along their route based on various constraints, the optimization objective, the availability of hydrogen refueling demand for heavy-duty trucks during the day, the availability of hydrogen refueling stations, equipment depreciation costs, and annualized return on investment. The constraints include: operating power constraints of the hydrogen production system, capacity constraints of the mobile hydrogen storage tanks configured in the microgrid, power constraints of the hydrogen refueling machine at the hydrogen refueling station, and capacity constraints of the fixed hydrogen storage tanks at the hydrogen refueling station.

[0033] To improve the optimization and control results of the coupled system, this embodiment will consider the deviation of the hydrogen fuel cell heavy truck freight plan and the uncertainty of new energy output, such as... Figure 2 As shown in the figure, this is a flowchart of the rolling optimization process for the electrolytic cell charging plan.

[0034] The optimization and control of the "distributed new energy - water electrolysis hydrogen production system - hydrogen refueling station" coupled system is divided into two stages: day-ahead and intraday. This embodiment will analyze these two stages separately.

[0035] For the day-ahead phase, the expected net revenue for the service area of ​​the coupled system is calculated based on distributed renewable energy power forecast information and hydrogen fuel cell heavy truck transportation plans. The expected day-ahead revenue includes revenue from hydrogen sales at refueling stations and revenue from grid connection of rural microgrid power generation, while expenditures include hydrogen production losses, renewable energy abandonment costs, short-distance hydrogen transportation costs, compressor power consumption, and refueling power consumption.

[0036] The current optimization objective expression is: ,(twenty three); ,(twenty four); (25); ,(26; (27); (28); (29); (30); (31); (32); (33); ,(34; in, For the current optimized time set; The total revenue of the coupled system during time period t is expressed in yuan. The total revenue of the rural microgrid during time period t is expressed in yuan. The total revenue of hydrogen refueling stations along the route during time period t is expressed in yuan. For rural microgrid aggregation; The revenue from distributed renewable energy generation connected to the grid within microgrid i during time period t is expressed in yuan. The revenue generated by fuel cells in microgrid i during time period t is expressed in yuan. The unit is the power curtailment loss of microgrid i during time period t, expressed in yuan. The electricity cost for the electrolytic cells within microgrid i during time period t is expressed in yuan. The power consumption of the compressor within microgrid i during time period t is expressed in yuan. The transportation cost for short-distance hydrogen transport vehicles supporting microgrid i during time period t, in yuan; The on-grid tariff for distributed renewable energy is expressed in yuan / MWh. The unit mileage transportation cost for short-distance hydrogen transport vehicles is expressed in yuan / km; The revenue of hydrogen sold by hydrogen refueling station j along the route during time period t is expressed in yuan. The electricity consumption for hydrogen refueling at hydrogen refueling station j along the route during time period t is expressed in yuan. A collection of pathways for hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty truck projects; Let be an indicative function of whether the hydrogen fuel heavy truck u passes through hydrogen refueling stations j during time period t. A value of 0 indicates no route, and a value of 1 indicates a route. Hydrogen refueling requirements for fuel-powered heavy-duty trucks, in kg; The price is the price per unit mass of hydrogen, expressed in yuan / kg. The hydrogen refueling capacity at hydrogen refueling stations along the route during time period t is expressed in MW.

[0037] When solving the optimization objective shown in formula (23), the following constraints should also be met: the operating power constraint of the electric hydrogen system, the capacity constraint of the mobile hydrogen storage tank configured in the microgrid, the power constraint of the hydrogen refueling machine at the hydrogen refueling station, and the capacity constraint of the fixed hydrogen storage tank at the hydrogen refueling station.

[0038] The power constraints for the operation of the hydrogen electrolysis system include three parts: power constraints for the water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment, power constraints for the fuel cell, and power constraints for the compressor. Specifically, this can be expressed as follows: (35); ,(36; (37); In the formula, The rated operating power of the water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment within microgrid i is expressed in MW. The operating power of the water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment within microgrid i during time period t is expressed in MW. The rated operating power of the fuel cells within microgrid i is expressed in MW. The operating power of the fuel cell within microgrid i during time period t is expressed in MW. The rated power of the compressor within the microgrid i is expressed in MW. Let t be the operating power of the compressor within microgrid i during time period t.

[0039] The capacity constraint of the mobile hydrogen storage tank in the microgrid configuration is expressed by the following formula: (38); (39); (40); in, This represents the state of charge of the mobile hydrogen storage tank within microgrid i during time period t+1. The state of charge of the mobile hydrogen storage tank within microgrid i during time period t; The capacity of the mobile hydrogen storage tank within the microgrid i is calculated in units of energy.

[0040] The power constraint of hydrogen refueling machines at hydrogen refueling stations can be expressed as: ,(41) in, The rated power of the refueling machine at hydrogen refueling station-j is expressed in MW.

[0041] The capacity constraint of the fixed hydrogen storage tanks at hydrogen refueling stations can be expressed as: (42); (43); ,(44; (45); ,(46; In the formula, The state of charge of the fixed hydrogen storage tank within hydrogen refueling station j during time period t+1. The state of charge of the fixed hydrogen storage tank in hydrogen refueling station j during time period t; , Let be the indicator function of the hydrogen refueling machine at hydrogen refueling station j, which refuels the station and heavy-duty trucks with hydrogen fuel. =1 indicates that hydrogen is being added to the station. =1 indicates that hydrogen is being added to a hydrogen fuel cell heavy truck; The capacity of the hydrogen storage tank inside hydrogen refueling station j is expressed in kg.

[0042] Since the day-ahead plans for distributed hydrogen fuel cell systems (charge and discharge schedules), short-distance hydrogen transport vehicles within rural transportation networks, and hydrogen refueling plans for heavy-duty hydrogen trucks are all optimized based on day-ahead forecast data, these forecasts contain some bias. Therefore, once the intraday phase begins, the day-ahead plans need to be revised based on updated actual data. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, this diagram illustrates the impact of freight schedule uncertainty and new energy output uncertainty on the electrolyzer charge and discharge power schedule.

[0043] In addition to resolving the optimization objective of formula (23) using updated data, the refueling demand guarantee rate of hydrogen fuel heavy trucks is also an important technical indicator for evaluating the overall operational efficiency of the coupled system. In the day-ahead phase, due to the limited accuracy of forecasts, it is not necessary to consider the guarantee rate too early, as considering the supply guarantee too early will affect the economics of the optimization results. However, in the intraday planning revision process, the accuracy of relevant information is relatively high, and the guarantee rate needs to be considered.

[0044] The hydrogen refueling guarantee rate for hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks can be divided into two levels: the first level is the demand guarantee index, and the second level is the selectability index. The demand guarantee index indicates the proportion of hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks whose refueling needs are met while passing through the entire service area of ​​the coupled system; this index is a key indicator of the service efficiency of the coupled system. The selectability index indicates the degree of freedom hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks have in choosing hydrogen refueling stations. This index is at a higher level than the demand guarantee index; if a truck can freely choose a refueling station while meeting its refueling needs, it indicates that the service efficiency of the coupled system is high.

[0045] The formula for calculating the demand guarantee index is as follows: (47); ,(48; In the formula, As an indicator of demand security; To meet the hydrogen refueling requirements of hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks; The actual hydrogen refueling amount for hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks is expressed in kg. This indicates the refueling requirement for hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks (u), in kg. This is a collection of hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks.

[0046] The formula for calculating the selectivity index is as follows: (49); (50); In the formula: This is an indicator of selectivity. The proportion of hydrogen refueling stations for hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks can be freely selected; Number of hydrogen refueling stations; The number of optional hydrogen refueling stations for hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks.

[0047] Furthermore, the utilization rate of various equipment in the hydrogen-electric system and hydrogen refueling station is also a key factor affecting the service efficiency of the entire coupled system. Over-configuration will lead to serious redundancy, thereby increasing equipment depreciation costs and reducing overall economic benefits. The depreciation costs of the equipment will be considered next.

[0048] Equipment depreciation costs include: depreciation of mobile hydrogen storage tanks, depreciation of water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment, depreciation of fuel cells, depreciation of stationary hydrogen storage tanks, and depreciation of hydrogen refueling equipment. The specific calculation formula is as follows: (51); (52); (53); (54); (55); (56); (57); (58); (59); in, Total depreciation cost, in yuan; The total depreciation cost of equipment related to rural microgrids is expressed in yuan. The total depreciation cost of equipment related to hydrogen refueling stations along the route is expressed in yuan. , , , The depreciation cost of the water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment, fuel cells, mobile hydrogen storage tanks, and compressors within the microgrid i is expressed in yuan. , The depreciation cost of hydrogen refueling machine and fixed hydrogen storage tank at hydrogen refueling station j is in yuan. , , , Construction costs for water electrolysis equipment, fuel cells, compressors, and hydrogen refueling machines, expressed in yuan / MW; , Construction costs for mobile and stationary hydrogen storage tanks, expressed in yuan / MWh; , , , The lifespan of the water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment, fuel cells, mobile hydrogen storage tanks, and compressors within the microgrid i is given in years. , The service life of the hydrogen refueling machine and stationary hydrogen storage tank at hydrogen refueling station j is in years. The statistical period is in years; This represents the annualized investment interest rate.

[0049] The formulas for calculating the comprehensive annualized rate of return and total construction cost of the coupled service system are as follows: (60); (61); In the formula, The overall annualized rate of return for the coupled service system; The total construction cost of the coupled service system is expressed in yuan. The annualized return on investment can be obtained based on the comprehensive annualized rate of return of the coupled service system and the total construction cost.

[0050] Thus, the system provided in this embodiment can optimize the hydrogen refueling strategy for hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks along the way.

[0051] Furthermore, by comparing with traditional models, the operational effectiveness of the new energy-hydrogen integrated energy system for hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks refueling along the way, as provided in this embodiment, is verified.

[0052] Suppose a region contains six rural microgrids, each equipped with a distributed renewable energy cluster, a water electrolysis hydrogen production unit, a fuel cell, hydrogen storage tanks, and short-distance hydrogen transport vehicles. The day-ahead power prediction error of each distributed renewable energy cluster follows a normal distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 0.25. The total power output curves of each distributed renewable energy cluster over 30 days are shown below. Figure 4 As shown.

[0053] Suppose there are 4 hydrogen refueling stations along a certain transportation route, and the distances between each hydrogen refueling station and each rural microgrid are as follows: Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the speed of short-distance hydrogen transport vehicles is 30 km / h, and the speed of hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks is 80 km / h. It is assumed that from 10:00 to 18:00 every day, a hydrogen fuel cell heavy truck enters every 5 minutes, and the hydrogen refueling requirement of each heavy truck is converted into energy of approximately 0.1 MWh.

[0054] Other scenario parameters: Manufacturing cost of high-pressure mobile hydrogen storage tank: 2500 yuan / kg; service life: 15 years; Manufacturing cost of medium- and low-pressure stationary hydrogen storage tank: 550 yuan / kg; service life: 10 years; Hydrogen production efficiency of water electrolysis: 0.65; Fuel cell efficiency: 0.55; Distributed renewable energy grid connection price: 300 yuan / MWh; Hydrogen sales price: 30.0 yuan / kg; Compressor cost: 250,000 yuan / MW; Electrolyzer cost: 1,500,000 yuan / MW; Fuel cell cost: 1,000,000 yuan / MWh.

[0055] In the traditional model, each rural microgrid operates independently. Once the mobile hydrogen storage tanks are full, the hydrogen is transported by short-distance hydrogen transport vehicles to hydrogen refueling stations along the route for sale. Each microgrid has the same rated capacity for its electrolyzer, fuel cell, and compressor (1.0 MW), each mobile hydrogen storage tank has a capacity of 4.0 MWh, a stationary hydrogen storage tank has a capacity of 20.0 MWh, and the hydrogen refueling machine has a rated capacity of 2.5 MW. In this embodiment, the operation plan of the coupled system is comprehensively optimized, and the capacity of each piece of equipment is configured differently based on equipment depreciation costs and availability.

[0056] Using both the traditional model and the model described in this embodiment, the utilization rate of hydrogen storage tanks at each hydrogen refueling station was first compared to analyze the rationality of the optimized capacity configuration. For ease of comparison, the average utilization hours of the hydrogen storage tanks over 30 days under the traditional model were used as the standard (1.0 pu) for calculation. The results are as follows: Figure 6 As shown.

[0057] After optimization, the daily equivalent utilization hours of the hydrogen storage tanks have been improved compared to the traditional model. The overall operational efficiency indicators of the system are shown in Table 1.

[0058] Table 1 As can be seen from the above, the new energy-hydrogen energy integrated system for refueling hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks along the way in this embodiment can effectively improve the economic benefits of the rural "distributed new energy-electrolysis water hydrogen production" coupling system while fully meeting the refueling needs of hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks along the way.

[0059] It should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A new energy-hydrogen integrated energy system for refueling hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks along their routes, characterized in that: The system includes a memory and a processor, the processor executing a computer program stored in the memory to perform the following steps: To obtain information on the electrical and material flows in rural energy networks, as well as the relationship between them; Based on the relationship between electrical energy flow and material flow, and combined with the time required for hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks under various conditions in a single scheduling period, the driving time of hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks, and the time consumed for each hydrogen refueling at a hydrogen refueling station, the total time consumed by hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks in the service area of ​​the route coupling system is obtained. Based on the costs and benefits of each stage in the day-ahead phase, the optimization objectives for the day-ahead phase are determined. Based on various constraints, the aforementioned optimization objectives, the availability of hydrogen refueling demand for heavy-duty trucks during the day-ahead phase, the availability of hydrogen refueling stations, equipment depreciation costs, and annualized return on investment, the hydrogen refueling strategy for heavy-duty trucks along the route is optimized. The constraints include: operating power constraints of the hydrogen production system, capacity constraints of the mobile hydrogen storage tanks configured in the microgrid, power constraints of the hydrogen refueling machine at the hydrogen refueling station, and capacity constraints of the fixed hydrogen storage tanks at the hydrogen refueling station.

2. The new energy-hydrogen energy integrated system for refueling hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks along the route, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The relationship between electrical energy flow and material flow is as follows: ； ； in, The hydrogen production efficiency of electrolyzer i during time period t; Let be the hydrogen energy conversion efficiency of fuel cell i during time period t; The energy density of hydrogen gas; The length of the scheduling period; Let t be the hydrogen production of electrolyzer i during time period t; Let be the hydrogen consumption of fuel cell i during time period t; Let t be the operating power of electrolytic cell i during time period t; Let be the discharge power of fuel cell i during time period t.

3. The new energy-hydrogen integrated energy system for refueling hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks along the route, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The acquisition of the total time spent by the hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty truck route coupling system in the service area includes: The travel time for each hydrogen fuel cell heavy truck for each segment is obtained based on the distance of each segment and the speed of each hydrogen fuel cell heavy truck. Based on the hydrogen refueling demand of each hydrogen fuel heavy truck when passing through hydrogen refueling stations, the hydrogen refueling speed of each hydrogen refueling station, the time for entering the hydrogen refueling station, the time for leaving the hydrogen refueling station, and the refueling preparation time, the hydrogen refueling time of each hydrogen fuel heavy truck at each hydrogen refueling station is obtained. The total travel time of the hydrogen fuel cell heavy truck in the service area of ​​the route coupling system is obtained by summing the travel time of each segment of the route and the hydrogen refueling time at each hydrogen refueling station.

4. The new energy-hydrogen energy integrated system for refueling hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks along the route, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... After obtaining the total time spent in the service area of ​​the hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty truck route coupling system, it also includes: obtaining the minimum fuel requirement constraint of the hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty truck when selecting a hydrogen refueling station.

5. The new energy-hydrogen integrated energy system for refueling hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks along the route, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The optimization objectives for the day-ahead stage are determined based on the costs and benefits of each stage, including: Based on the distributed renewable energy power forecast information and the hydrogen fuel heavy truck transportation plan, the day-ahead comprehensive expected net revenue of the service area of ​​the coupled system is calculated. Among them, the day-ahead comprehensive expected revenue includes revenue from hydrogen sales at hydrogen refueling stations and revenue from grid connection of rural microgrid power generation, and expenditures include hydrogen production losses, renewable energy abandonment costs, short-distance hydrogen transportation costs, compressor power consumption, and refueling power consumption. Maximizing the expected net return before the day is the optimization objective for the day-ahead phase.

6. The new energy-hydrogen energy integrated system for refueling hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks along the route, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The power constraints for hydrogen production systems include power constraints for water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment, fuel cell power constraints, and compressor power constraints. The power constraint for water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment is: the operating power of the water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment is greater than or equal to 0, and less than or equal to the rated operating power of the water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment; The power constraint for fuel cells is: the operating power of the fuel cell is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to the rated operating power of the fuel cell; The compressor power constraint is: the compressor's operating power is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to the compressor's rated power; The expression for the capacity constraint of the mobile hydrogen storage tank in the microgrid configuration is as follows: ； in, This represents the state of charge of the mobile hydrogen storage tank within microgrid i during time period t+1. The state of charge of the mobile hydrogen storage tank within microgrid i during time period t; The capacity of the mobile hydrogen storage tank within the microgrid i is calculated in units of energy. The hydrogen production efficiency of electrolyzer i during time period t; Let be the hydrogen energy conversion efficiency of fuel cell i during time period t; The operating power of the water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment within microgrid i during time period t; Let be the operating power of the fuel cell within microgrid i during time period t; The length of the scheduling period; The power constraint for hydrogen refueling machines at hydrogen refueling stations is: the power of the refueling machines at hydrogen refueling stations is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to the rated power of the refueling machines; The expression for the capacity constraint of the fixed hydrogen storage tank at a hydrogen refueling station is: ； in, The state of charge of the fixed hydrogen storage tank in hydrogen refueling station j during time period t+1; The state of charge of the fixed hydrogen storage tank at hydrogen refueling station j during time period t. The value is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1; The hydrogen refueling rate at hydrogen refueling stations along the route; The capacity of the hydrogen storage tank inside hydrogen refueling station j; , Let be the indicator function of the hydrogen refueling machine at hydrogen refueling station j, which refuels the station and heavy-duty trucks with hydrogen fuel. and The value is 0 or 1. This indicates that hydrogen is being added to the station. This indicates that hydrogen is being added to a hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty truck.

7. The new energy-hydrogen energy integrated system for refueling hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks along the route, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The formula for calculating the demand guarantee index is as follows: ； ； In the formula, The demand guarantee index is used to characterize the refueling demand guarantee of hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks. To meet the hydrogen refueling requirements of hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks; This refers to the actual amount of hydrogen refueling for hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks. This indicates the refueling demand for hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks. A collection of hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks; The formula for calculating the selectivity index is as follows: ； ； In the formula, The selectivity index is used to characterize the availability of hydrogen refueling stations. The proportion of hydrogen refueling stations for hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks can be freely selected; Number of hydrogen refueling stations; The number of optional hydrogen refueling stations for hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks.

8. The new energy-hydrogen integrated energy system for refueling hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks along the route, as described in claim 6, is characterized in that... Equipment depreciation includes depreciation of mobile hydrogen storage tanks, depreciation of water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment, depreciation of fuel cells, depreciation of stationary hydrogen storage tanks, and depreciation of hydrogen refueling equipment.

9. The new energy-hydrogen energy integrated system for refueling hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks along the route, as described in claim 8, is characterized in that... The formula for calculating the total depreciation cost of equipment is: ； ； ‘ ‘ ； ； ； ； ； in, Total depreciation cost; This refers to the total depreciation cost of equipment related to rural microgrids. Total depreciation cost of equipment related to hydrogen refueling stations along the route; , , , These are the depreciation costs of the water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment, fuel cells, mobile hydrogen storage tanks, and compressors within the microgrid i. , These are the depreciation costs of the hydrogen refueling machine and the fixed hydrogen storage tank at hydrogen refueling station j, respectively. , , , These are the construction costs for the water electrolysis equipment, fuel cells, compressors, and hydrogen refueling machines, respectively. , The construction costs are for mobile and stationary hydrogen storage tanks, respectively. , , , These refer to the service life of the water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment, fuel cell, mobile hydrogen storage tank, and compressor within the microgrid i. , These refer to the service life of the hydrogen refueling machine and the fixed hydrogen storage tank at hydrogen refueling station J, respectively. The duration of the statistical period; This represents the annualized investment interest rate. This is for optimizing the time set in advance.

10. The new energy-hydrogen integrated energy system for refueling hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks along the route, as described in claim 9, is characterized in that... After obtaining the total depreciation cost of the equipment, it also includes: The following formulas are used to calculate the overall annualized rate of return and the total construction cost of the coupled service system: ； ； in, The overall annualized rate of return for the coupled service system; The total construction cost of the coupled service system.

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