Universal intelligent drop-out fuse

Abstract

The invention discloses a universal intelligent drop-out fuse which is composed of an insulating outer tube, a fuse wire, a tube socket, a conductive cap and a connecting seat, rotating arms are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the connecting seat, and the upper ends of the rotating arms are coaxially and rotatably connected with the tube socket and the connecting seat through rotating pin shafts. A connecting rod is transversely arranged in the middle of the rotating arm, a limiting swing groove is formed in the connecting base, the rotating arm and the connecting base conduct limiting and resetting movement through the connecting rod, and the rotating arm is fixedly connected with the connecting base in a limiting mode through a plug pin and a limiting pin hole. Compared with the prior art, the structure is simpler and more reliable, the conductive effect is good, the failure rate is low, the requirements of the power grid industry are met, remote control over the fuse is achieved, resetting and self-locking of the rotating arm and the connecting base can be completed in the fuse falling process, convenience is achieved, the fuse is subjected to universal design, and the practicability is high. And the fuse can be matched with insulators of different manufacturers for use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-voltage electrical protection equipment, and more particularly to a universal intelligent drop-out fuse. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, traditional drop-out fuses only have a mechanical structure and can only provide protection by blowing the fuse wire. The normal blowing process is as follows: when the fuse wire inside the fuse blows, the pulling force of the fuse pair disappears. At this time, the fuse flips and falls under its own weight and the action of the upper contact spring, completing the protection. However, sometimes, when a power outage is required, it is necessary to actively disconnect the fuse even if the fuse wire has not blown. In this case, personnel must be dispatched to the site and use an operating rod with a hook to forcefully pull down the pull ring installed at the upper end of the fuse tube. During this process, the upper end of the fuse tube pushes against the contact spring through the contact plate, further compressing the contact spring. After the contact plate moves upward, the upper end of the fuse tube slides out of the groove at the lower end of the contact plate. After sliding out, the fuse tube flips and falls, completing the tripping of the fuse. Many distribution transformers are located in remote areas and are erected on power poles. The distance between adjacent distribution transformers is far and the distribution area is wide. Now, when a certain area is without power, many people need to be dispatched to various locations to perform fuse tripping operations. The personnel deployment is difficult and the risk factor in the field is high. Moreover, after the personnel arrive at the site, they can only operate manually through the control lever. Therefore, traditional drop-out fuses are difficult to meet the requirements of the emerging power grid for intelligence.

[0003] For the reasons mentioned above, the active tripping technology of this fuse is being developed towards intelligent control. Existing solutions for achieving active tripping of intelligent fuses and their implementation mainly rely on electric actuators. These actuators directly push the fuse to trip, but because the fuse is tightly locked after closing, the electric actuator requires a large pushing force, resulting in a high output power requirement. Therefore, the electric actuator mechanism is large and complex, requires a separate power supply, and has a large battery. Furthermore, the installation location of the electric actuator mechanism must be sturdy and secure to withstand the reaction force of pushing the fuse. This necessitates fixing the electric actuator mechanism to a utility pole, requiring manual climbing for installation, which is cumbersome and unsafe.

[0004] Furthermore, the upper support and lower trunnion sleeve of existing insulators are rough-machined with low precision and requirements, resulting in non-standard distances between them. The requirement is met as long as manual closing and opening are possible. Therefore, existing fuses and insulators must be produced by the same manufacturer and batch to ensure compatibility. Using fuses from other manufacturers with insulators from the same manufacturer leads to poor compatibility. Even fuses and insulators from different batches of the same manufacturer may have compatibility issues. Therefore, it is difficult to interchange fuses and insulators between different manufacturers, necessitating power outages and grid disconnections for fuse replacement during power grid upgrades and maintenance. However, power outages have significant impacts on high-voltage power grids, making power outage upgrades and maintenance a persistent challenge in the power industry. If the fuse can be universally designed and adapted to various insulators, then when replacing the fuse, there is no need to replace the insulator. The operator can close the fuse from below using the operating rod, so there is no need to disconnect the power grid. Only the fuse needs to be replaced. This is not only economical and widely applicable, but also very convenient for maintenance and replacement.

[0005] Existing patent CN202411781511.1 describes a drop-out fuse for smart grids, comprising a fuse tube, a first connecting seat, a first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft, a second connecting seat, a third rotating shaft, and a swing arm. One end of the swing arm engages with the first connecting seat via a mating pair, which serves as a linkage between the first connecting seat and the swing arm. This mating pair enables the first connecting seat to rotate relative to the second connecting seat around the second rotating shaft, driving the swing arm to swing around the third rotating shaft via the mating pair. Its structural design allows the tripping process to be completed using only an electromagnetic actuator and a pin, enabling the locking and unlocking of the swing arm and the first connecting seat, thus completing the tripping operation of the fuse even when the fuse has not blown. Its advantages include eliminating the need for a large electric push rod mechanism; only an electromagnetic actuator is needed to drive the pin to lock and unlock the swing arm, requiring less power and making it suitable for field deployment, providing a feasible direction for smart grid upgrades. However, during pilot testing, the following problems were found:

[0006] 1. Because the lower connection seat of the fuse is a three-connecting rod structure consisting of the fuse tube seat, the first connection seat, and the second connection seat, there are many multi-axis rotating connection points, which greatly reduces the structural reliability. After multi-point pilot use, it was found that the fuse tube is exposed and is in a closed state for a long time. Due to changes in the external environment, the rotating parts of the fuses at some pilot points are stuck. Even if the pin is released, the fuse cannot fall normally, resulting in a high failure rate. The power industry is an industry with a very low fault tolerance, so this technology is difficult to widely apply.

[0007] 2. Due to the length limitation of the second connecting seat, the rotation radius of the first connecting seat is increased, which shortens the stroke of the fuse outer tube. This makes the swing radius of the fuse when it blows much smaller than that of a traditional fuse. As a result, its compatibility with the existing insulator's contact point is poor, making it less likely to fall off, which is one of the reasons for the increased failure rate. Moreover, this low-power structure with a linkage between the upper support and the lower trunnion sleeve has high precision requirements for the distance between them. If the distance is too large, the fuse is prone to unstable installation; if the distance is too small, the fuse locking part will be too tight, making it difficult to unlock and preventing the fuse from falling off.

[0008] 3. Both this patented fuse and traditional fuses have their lower ends connected to a connector. The difference is that in traditional fuses, the connector at the lower end is directly attached to the trunnion sleeve, resulting in good conductivity between the two and meeting current requirements. However, in this patented fuse, the lower end is also connected to the first connector. The difference is that, due to the design of the second connector, the current on the first connector must be conducted to the trunnion sleeve through the second rotating pin and the second connector. Because the contact area between the components is small, the conductivity is poor, making it unsuitable for applications requiring high current conduction.

[0009] Therefore, both traditional fuses and existing smart fuses have technical challenges such as complex structure, high cost, low reliability, need for power outage for pole installation, and high installation and maintenance costs. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to provide a universal intelligent drop-out fuse that solves the above-mentioned problems.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a universal intelligent drop-out fuse, wherein the drop-out fuse comprises an insulating outer tube, a fuse wire, a tube base, a conductive cap, and a connecting seat. The tube base is rotatably connected to the connecting seat via a rotating pin. A rotating arm is symmetrically provided on the left and right sides of the connecting seat. The upper end of each rotating arm is coaxially rotatably connected to the tube base and the connecting seat via a rotating pin. A connecting rod is transversely provided in the middle of each rotating arm. Both ends of the connecting rod pass through the connecting seat and are fixedly connected to the left and right rotating arms respectively. The connecting seat has a connection point for the connecting rod. The rotating arm has a matching arc-shaped limiting swing groove. The rotating arm is limited and reset by connecting rod and connecting seat. Each rotating arm has a rotating shaft seat on its lower outer side. The position of the rotating pin is inclined outward relative to the axis center of the rotating shaft seat. One of the rotating shaft seats has a connector for installing the driver. The center of the rotating shaft seat and the connector has a pin hole. A pin is installed in the pin hole. The side of the connecting seat has a limiting pin hole that matches the pin. The rotating arm is limited and fixedly connected to the connecting seat by the pin and the limiting pin hole.

[0012] Preferably, the upper end of the insulating outer tube is also provided with an adjustment seat for adjusting the fuse length. The adjustment seat is located inside the conductive cap, and the lower end of the adjustment seat is threadedly rotatably connected to the inner wall of the insulating outer tube. The conductive cap is threadedly rotatably connected to the upper end of the insulating outer tube, and the conductive ring at the upper end of the fuse is pressed against the top surface of the adjustment seat by the tightened conductive cap.

[0013] Preferably, the upper end of the adjusting mounting base is an annular boss with a central hole. The upper conductive ring of the fuse is engaged with the top surface of the adjusting base, and the lower end of the fuse passes through the adjusting base and the insulating outer tube and is electrically connected to the connecting base. The outer and inner walls of the insulating outer tube are machined with stroke adjusting threads that match the conductive cap and the adjusting base. The threads on the conductive cap and the adjusting base are in opposite directions.

[0014] Preferably, the limiting swing groove has a highest point and a lowest point. The highest point is the highest limit point of the swing of the lower end of the rotating arm when the insulating outer tube falls, and the lowest point is the reset limit point when the insulating outer tube is straightened after falling. When the rotating rod is at the reset limit point, the pin is aligned with the limiting pin hole on the connecting seat. The distance between the highest point and the lowest point is the unlocking stroke.

[0015] Preferably, the bottom of the connector is provided with a terminal stud, and the conductive ring at the lower end of the fuse is locked and fixed to the bottom of the connector by the terminal stud.

[0016] Preferably, one end of the terminal stud passes through the connector and is located inside the connector, and the terminal stud is electrically connected to the rotating arm through a high-current wire.

[0017] Preferably, the device also includes an arc-shaped conductive spring, one end of which is fixed to the bottom of the connector by a wiring stud, and the other end is bent to the top of the connector. The middle part of the conductive spring arches towards the insulator and is in close contact with the lower support of the insulator.

[0018] Preferably, the connector is further provided with a lever core-pulling mechanism, which is located inside the driver. The lever core-pulling mechanism consists of a rotating plate and an eccentric shaft. The limiting pin hole is opened on the rotating plate, and the pin is connected to the limiting pin hole on the rotating plate. The rotating plate is fixed to one end of the eccentric shaft, and the other end of the eccentric shaft is inserted into the pin hole of the connector. An eccentric rod is provided at the end away from the rotating plate. The diameter of the eccentric rod is smaller than the diameter of the pin. The connector seat is provided with a sliding groove with a limiting groove that matches the eccentric rod.

[0019] Preferably, an arc-shaped notch is provided on the mating surface of the tube seat and the terminal block of the insulator, and the end face of the arc-shaped notch is an inclined surface.

[0020] Preferably, the outer wall of the connector is provided with an external thread for connecting to the driver housing, and the inner wall of the connector is provided with an internal thread for installing the electromagnetic driver.

[0021] Preferably, the conductive cap, connecting seat, rotating pin, rotating arm, and connecting rod are all made of copper.

[0022] Preferably, the driver includes a battery, an integrated circuit board, and an electromagnetic driver. The electromagnetic driver consists of an electromagnet, a return spring, and a magnetic core stop pin. The magnetic core stop pin is a split structure consisting of a magnetically conductive part and a pin. One end of the magnetically conductive part is fixedly connected to the pin, and the other end is limited within the electromagnet by the return spring.

[0023] Preferably, a sealing ring is provided at the connection between the pin and the rotating arm, and at the connection between the connector and the drive motor.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] (1) The present invention makes the structure of the rotating shaft and the connecting seat simpler and more reliable through structural design, and has good conductivity and low failure rate, which meets the needs of the power grid industry. It realizes remote control of the fuse, eliminating the need to send staff to cross mountains and valleys to manually shut off the fuse, greatly improving the technological advancement, reducing the intensity of manual labor, and increasing work efficiency.

[0026] (2) This invention not only retains the original fuse breaking mechanism, but also enables the fuse to automatically drop through remote command. Furthermore, through the design of the connecting rod and the limit swing groove, the rotating arm and the connecting seat can be reset and self-locked during the fuse dropping process. The whole process does not require manual operation and can be completed in one go. When it is necessary to close the circuit in the future, it is only necessary to manually push the upper end of the insulating outer tube up with the operating rod, which is very convenient and quick and does not require the installation of the pile.

[0027] (3) The present invention realizes the adjustment of fuse length through the design of the inner adjustment seat of the conductive cap, and at the same time realizes the adaptation of fuse with insulators from different manufacturers, so that the fuse can be used independently. When repairing or replacing the fuse, it is no longer necessary to disconnect the power grid and replace the insulator and fuse as a whole at the top pile. The fuse can be replaced directly at the bottom, which is very convenient.

[0028] (4) The present invention has made universal design for the fuse in terms of conductivity requirements, length requirements and pin pull resistance, so that the fuse can be used with insulators from different manufacturers. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the present invention on an insulator;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the right side structure of the fuse of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the left side structure of the fuse of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the fuse of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the left side structure of the connector of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the right side structure of the connector of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating arm and connecting rod of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the conductive cap of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the pin mechanism and the driver of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the pin and the connector of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of the product structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the product structure of Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the pin mechanism and driver in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the lever core-pulling mechanism and the connecting seat in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the eccentric shaft and rotating plate in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0044] In the diagram: 1. Conductive cap; 2. Insulating outer tube; 21. Slot; 3. Tube seat; 31. Notch; 32, 4. Fuse; 41. Conductive ring; 5. Connecting seat; 51. Limiting swing groove; 52. Wiring stud; 53. Limiting pin hole; 54. Conductive spring; 55. Sliding groove; 6. Rotating arm; 61. Rotating shaft seat; 62. Connector; 63. Pin hole; 7. Rotating pin; 8. Connecting rod; 9. Driver; 10. Insulator; 101. Upper support; 102. Trunnion sleeve; 103. Terminal block; 11. Adjusting seat; 12. Housing; 13. Electromagnetic driver; 14. Magnetic core stop pin; 15. Return spring; 16. Pin; 17. Eccentric shaft; 18. Eccentric rod; 19. Rotating plate. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present invention will be further described below.

[0046] Example 1: A general-purpose intelligent drop-out fuse, see [link to example]. Figures 1 to 10The drop-out fuse consists of an insulating outer tube 2, a fuse wire 4, a tube seat 3, a conductive cap 1, and a connecting seat 5. The tube seat 3 is rotatably connected to the connecting seat 5 via a rotating pin 7. A rotating arm 6 is symmetrically located on each of the left and right sides of the connecting seat 5. The upper end of the rotating arm 6 is coaxially rotatably connected to the tube seat 3 and the connecting seat 5 via the rotating pin 7. A connecting rod 8 is transversely located in the middle of the rotating arm 6. Both ends of the connecting rod 8 pass through the connecting seat 5 and are fixedly connected to the left and right rotating arms 6 respectively. The connecting seat 5 has an arc-shaped limiting swing groove 51 that matches the position of the connecting rod 8. The rotating arm 6 performs limiting and resetting movements with the connecting seat 5 via the connecting rod 8. The lower outer side of the rotating arm 6 is provided with… There is one rotating shaft seat 61, and two rotating shaft seats 61 are symmetrically arranged. The rotating shaft seat 61 is fixed to the rotating arm 6 by fastening screws, or the rotating shaft seat 61 and the rotating arm 6 are directly integrally formed. The integrally formed structure has better stability. The position of the rotating pin 7 is inclined outward relative to the axis center of the rotating shaft seat 61. One of the rotating shaft seats 61 is provided with a connector 62 for installing the driver 9. A pin hole 63 is opened at the center of the rotating shaft seat 61 and the connector 62. A pin 16 is provided in the pin hole 63. A limiting pin hole 53 matching the pin 16 is opened on the side of the connecting seat 5. The rotating arm 6 is fixedly connected to the connecting seat 5 through the pin 16 and the limiting pin hole 53. In order to realize the automatic drop-out of the fuse, the present invention has made structural design to the connecting base 5. With only a pair of rotating arms 6, together with the pin 16 and the pin 16 driver 9, the fuse can automatically drop-out and trip when the fuse 4 has not melted. This realizes the remote control of the fuse, eliminating the need to send staff to cross mountains and valleys to manually shut off the fuse. This greatly improves the technological advancement, reduces the intensity of manual labor, and increases work efficiency.

[0047] Compared with the existing drop-out fuse for smart grids in CN202411781511.1, the advantages of this invention are: the failure rate is greatly reduced, the conductivity is better, and it can be adapted to insulators 10 from different manufacturers. The fuse has good versatility, so when the fuse is repaired or replaced, there is no need to disconnect the power grid and go to the pile to replace the insulator 10 and the fuse as a whole, which is more economical and more practical.

[0048] To reduce the failure rate of fuses, this invention features a completely redesigned fuse connector 5 structure. Compared to the existing complex three-link structure 8, this invention achieves automatic drop-out tripping of the fuse using only a pair of rotating arms 6. Because the upper rotating node of the rotating arm 6 is coaxially shared with the original rotating pin 7, there are no extra rotating nodes, resulting in a simpler and more stable connection structure with better conductivity. Only a longer rotating pin 7 needs to be replaced. Furthermore, with this design, the length of the rotating arm 6 can be comparable to the height of the connector 5, without shortening the travel length of the insulating outer tube 2. This prevents the insulating outer tube 2 from failing to drop due to insufficient weight. Therefore, the failure rate of this invention is significantly reduced, and the conductivity is excellent.

[0049] Furthermore, the design of the connecting rod 8 between the rotating arms 6 and the upper limit swing groove 51 of the connecting seat 5 brings a better tripping operation mode to this invention. The design of the connecting rod 8 has three advantages: First, it connects the left and right rotating arms 6 into a whole so that the left and right rotating arms 6 can swing synchronously; second, it can enhance the conductivity effect. When the conductivity effect of one rotating arm 6 is poor, the current on the connecting seat 5 can be transferred to the other rotating arm 6 through the connecting rod 8, and then transferred to the trunnion sleeve 102 at the lower part of the insulator 10 through the rotating arm 6; third, it can cooperate with the upper limit swing groove 51 to achieve the positioning and guiding function, so as to limit and reset the rotation of the rotating arm 6 on the connecting seat 5.

[0050] The rotation angle of the rotating arm 6 is limited by the combination of the limiting swing groove 51 and the connecting rod 8. The limiting swing groove 51 has a highest point and a lowest point. The highest point is the highest limit point of the swing of the lower end of the rotating arm 6 when the insulating outer tube 2 falls. The highest limit point can prevent the rotating arm 6 from disengaging from the connecting seat 5. The lowest point is the reset limit point when the insulating outer tube 2 is straightened after falling. The reset limit point limits the insulating outer tube 2 in the upright state to avoid excessive rotation of the insulating outer tube 2. At the same time, it cooperates with the pin 16 to realize the automatic reset of the pin 16. When the rotating rod is at the reset limit point, the pin 16 is directly opposite the limiting pin hole 53 on the connecting seat 5. The distance between the highest point and the lowest point is the unlocking stroke.

[0051] Through the above structural design, this invention offers two tripping methods compared to traditional fuses:

[0052] The first scenario is that the fuse 4 blows due to overload. The insulating outer tube 2 is initially in an upright closed state. When the fuse 4 inside the insulating outer tube 2 blows due to overload, the insulating outer tube 2 loses the tension of the fuse 4 and flips and falls under its own weight and the action of the upper contact spring. During this fall-off tripping process, since the pin 16 passes through the rotating arm 6 and is inserted into the limiting pin hole 53 of the connecting seat 5, the rotating arm 6 and the connecting seat 5 remain locked. Therefore, only the tube seat 3 of the insulating outer tube 2 rotates around the rotating pin 7 on the connecting seat 5, thus completing the self-blowout protection.

[0053] The second type is intelligent tripping. The insulating outer tube 2 is initially in an upright closed state, and the fuse 4 remains taut, keeping the tube seat 3 and connecting seat 5 of the insulating outer tube 2 fixed. The connecting rod 8 is always at the lowest point of the limit swing groove 51. When the driver 9 receives a remote tripping command, it controls the pin 16 to exit the limit pin hole 53 to complete the release and unlocking. The rotating arm 6 and connecting seat 5 can rotate relative to each other. Since the upper end of the rotating arm 6 is rotatably connected to the rotating pin 7, and the lower end is hooked onto the trunnion sleeve 102 via the rotating shaft seat 61 and rotatably connected to the trunnion sleeve 102, and the upper end of the rotating arm 6 is slightly tilted outwards relative to the lower end, when the pin 16 just exits the lock, because the insulating outer tube 2... The weight of the rod will press down on the upper end of the rotating arm 6 and rotate it downwards. At this time, the connecting rod 8 moves from the lowest point to the highest point in the limit swing groove 51. At this time, the upper end of the insulating outer tube 2 is loosened. Under the weight of the insulating outer tube 2 itself and the action of the upper contact spring, it flips and falls. During this falling tripping process, when the insulating outer tube 2 rotates to the horizontal position, the insulating outer tube 2 gradually changes to the state of pulling the connecting seat 5. At this time, the connecting rod 8 moves in the opposite direction from the highest point to the lowest point in the limit swing groove 51. When the insulation falls to the state of the upper end downwards, the connecting rod 8 returns to the initial lowest point position. At this time, the pin 16 is re-inserted into the limit pin hole 53 under the action of the reset spring 15 to complete the reset and lock.

[0054] As can be seen from the above, the structural design of the present invention not only retains the original fuse 4 melting mechanism, but also enables the fuse to automatically drop through remote command. During the dropping process, the rotating arm 6 and the connecting seat 5 can be reset and self-locked. The whole process does not require manual operation and is completed in one go. When it is necessary to close the circuit in the future, it is only necessary to manually push the upper end of the insulating outer tube 2 up with the operating rod, which is very convenient and quick, and does not require the installation of the pile.

[0055] Another key feature of the invention is its universal design for the fuse, which allows for adjustment of the fuse's mounting pressure on the insulator 10, reducing its failure rate. Through structural design of the upper end of the fuse, the upper end of the insulating outer tube 2 is also equipped with an adjustment seat 11 for adjusting the fuse length. (See [reference]). Figure 8The adjusting mounting seat is located inside the conductive cap 1, and its lower end is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the insulating outer tube 2. The internal adjusting seat 11 serves as the mounting component for the conductive ring 41 at the upper end of the fuse 4. The height of the adjusting seat 11 can be adjusted via the thread on the inner wall of the insulating outer tube 2. The adjustment height of the adjusting seat 11 determines the installation height of the conductive cap 1 on the insulating outer tube 2, i.e., the fuse length, making it compatible with insulators 10 of various standards, thus improving the fuse's versatility and enabling the fuse to be installed and used independently. Simultaneously, during initial installation, the installer can adjust the height of the adjusting seat 11 to adjust the pressure of the fuse between the upper support 101 and the trunnion sleeve 102. To prevent the pin 16 from failing to be pulled out due to pressure, when the pressure is too high, the height of the adjusting seat 11 can be lowered to reduce the pressure of the fuse on the insulator 10, ensuring that the pin 16 can be pulled out normally. This effectively reduces the failure rate of the fuse of this invention. The conductive cap 1 is threadedly rotatably connected to the upper end of the insulating outer tube 2. The conductive ring 41 at the upper end of the fuse 4 is pressed against the top surface of the adjusting seat 11 by the tightened conductive cap 1. After the conductive cap 1 is installed, the conductive ring 41 at the upper end of the fuse 4 can be tightly attached to the conductive cap 1 and the installation adjustment, which is beneficial for the fuse 4 to conduct electricity.

[0056] The specific structural design of the adjusting mounting base is as follows: the upper end of the adjusting mounting base is an annular boss with a central hole. The upper conductive ring 41 of the fuse 4 is engaged with the top surface of the adjusting base 11, and the lower end of the fuse 4 passes through the adjusting base 11 and the insulating outer tube 2 and is electrically connected to the connecting base 5. To ensure that the adjusting base 11 remains stationary when the conductive cap 1 is tightened, and that the tightened conductive ring 41 of the fuse 4 conducts electricity reliably, preventing the conductive cap 1 and the adjusting base 11 from being twisted inward together, the outer and inner walls of the insulating outer tube 2 are machined with stroke adjustment threads that match the conductive cap 1 and the adjusting base 11. The threads on the conductive cap 1 and the adjusting base 11 are in opposite directions. This requirement can also be achieved by making positive threads with different pitches.

[0057] Based on actual usage, it has been found that regardless of whether it is a traditional fuse or an existing smart fuse, the end face of the tube seat 3 is angular. When the insulating outer tube 2 falls, it sometimes gets stuck on the terminal block 103 at the top of the lower support of the insulator 10. In practice, the fuse of this invention is compatible with insulator 10 supports from different manufacturers. Compared with products where the fuse and insulator 10 are manufactured as a single unit, the probability of this invention getting stuck is higher. To solve this problem, as a preferred solution, this invention provides an arc-shaped notch 31 on the contact surface between the tube seat 3 and the terminal block 103 of the insulator 10. The end face of the arc-shaped notch is an inclined surface. When the fuse falls and rotates to the connecting plate position, the design of the arc-shaped notch 31 ensures that when the insulating outer tube 2 rotates over, the terminal block 103 always contacts the insulating outer tube 2 first, and then slides obliquely along the arc-shaped notch 31, ensuring that the tube seat 3 will not get stuck on the terminal block 103.

[0058] To improve the conductivity of the fuse connector 5 of this invention, as a preferred embodiment, the conductive cap 1, connector 5, rotating pin 7, rotating arm 6, and connecting rod 8 are all made of copper. It should be noted that the rotating pin 7 in prior art patents is not made of copper; this invention replaces the rotating pin 7 with copper, which greatly increases the conductivity between the rotating arm 6 and the connector 5, thus improving conductivity.

[0059] To enable the driver 9 to connect with the connector 62 of the present invention, the outer wall of the connector 62 is provided with an external thread for connecting with the housing 12 of the driver 9, and the inner wall of the connector 62 is provided with an internal thread for installing the electromagnet 13.

[0060] This invention describes the driver 9, which uses existing driver 9 circuit components. The driver 9 includes a battery, an integrated circuit board, and an electromagnetic driver. The integrated circuit board integrates a power supply module, a remote signal transceiver module, and a signal acquisition module for acquiring signals from the distribution transformer, primarily meeting the current requirements for intelligent power grids. Because the driver 9 circuit and components are developed and manufactured by a third party, they are not explained in detail here. This patent only describes the structural design of the electromagnetic driver and the drive control of the pin 16. The specific operation of the electromagnetic driver is as follows:

[0061] The electromagnetic actuator features an optimized structure, comprising an electromagnet 13, a return spring 15, and a magnetic core stop pin. The magnetic core stop pin employs a rotating body design, consisting of a magnetically conductive part 14 and a pin 16, which are separately assembled. One end of the magnetically conductive part 14 is fixedly connected to the pin 16, while the other end is confined within the electromagnet 13 by the return spring 15. This rotating body design facilitates machining and drilling. The advantage of this separate design is that the magnetic core stop pin must be made of a magnetically conductive material, which is not corrosion-resistant and will deteriorate within minutes of contact with water. Rust is prevented by surface electroplating, but the pin at the front of the magnetic core stop pin is exposed to the outdoor environment and is subject to scratches during operation. Even when not in motion, wind from high altitudes can cause scratches. Once the electroplating layer is damaged, the surface quickly begins to corrode. Once the surface corrodes, the core pulling action becomes unreliable. Therefore, this invention designs the magnetic core stop pin as a separate unit. The magnetically conductive part 14 can be made of magnetically conductive material and sealed within the housing of the driver 9. The pin 16 can be made of stainless steel, which has good wear and corrosion resistance and can be exposed to outdoor working environments. A sealing ring is designed at the connection between the pin 16 and the rotating arm 6 to prevent rainwater from entering the electromagnet 13 through the gap in the pin 16. The connection between the connector 62 and the driver 9 is also sealed with a sealing ring to prevent rainwater from entering the electromagnet 13 through its connection.

[0062] When the electromagnet 13 is energized, the electromagnet 13 generates a magnetic field, which drives the magnetic core stop pin to perform a retraction action to move outward of the rotating arm 6. Under the action of the electromagnetic driver 13, the pin 16 exits the limit pin hole 53. At this time, the rotating arm 6 is unlocked from the connecting seat 5 and can rotate relative to each other.

[0063] When the electromagnet 13 is de-energized, the return spring 15 pushes the magnetic core stop pin to reset, causing the pin 16 to perform a feeding action towards the rotating arm 6, so that the pin 16 elastically fits against the side wall of the connecting seat 5. When the pin hole 63 on the connecting seat 5 rotates to the pin 16 position, the pin 16 springs into the pin 16 limiting hole, achieving locking and limiting.

[0064] For some special cases where the connector 5 needs to conduct a large current, the present invention is further optimized based on embodiment 1, see embodiments 2 and 3 below.

[0065] Example 2: The bottom of the connector 5 is provided with a terminal stud 52. The conductive ring 41 at the lower end of the fuse 4 is locked and fixed to the bottom of the connector 5 by the terminal stud 52. The terminal stud 52 can realize the fixed installation of the lower end of the fuse 4, ensuring the reliability of its electrical connection. One end of the terminal stud 52 passes through the connector 5 and is located inside the connector 5. See [reference needed] Figure 11 The terminal block is electrically connected to the rotating arm 6 via a high-current conductor. The addition of a high-current conductor enables high-current conduction between the connector 5 and the rotating arm 6. To facilitate a stable connection of the conductor, a terminal block can be designed inside the rotating arm 6. The terminal block 52 can be electrically connected to the terminal block via a conductor capable of carrying high current. This conductive structure is very reliable and has good conductivity, and does not require compatibility between the fuse and the insulator 10.

[0066] Example 3: The bottom of the connector 5 is provided with a terminal stud 52. The conductive ring 41 at the lower end of the fuse 4 is locked and fixed to the bottom of the connector 5 by the terminal stud 52. The terminal stud 52 can realize the fixed installation of the lower end of the fuse 4, ensuring the reliability of its electrical connection. It also includes an arc-shaped conductive spring 54, see [link to documentation]. Figure 12 One end of the conductive spring 54 is fixed to the bottom of the connecting seat 5 by the wiring stud 52, and the other end is bent to the top of the connecting seat 5. The middle part of the conductive spring 54 arches towards the insulator 10 and is in close contact with the lower support of the insulator 10. The conductive spring 54 can increase the conductivity between the connecting seat 5 and the insulator 10. This conductive structure does not need to conduct electricity through the rotating arm 6, and the conductivity is better. However, it is necessary to ensure that the conductive spring 54 is always in close contact with the lower support of the insulator 10. Therefore, there are certain requirements for the compatibility between the fuse and the insulator 10.

[0067] Example 4: Considering that the fuse of the present invention needs to be compatible with various insulators 10, when encountering a special situation where the pressure is very high when the fuse is installed on the insulator 10, resulting in a large resistance to pulling the pin 16, which cannot be solved by adjusting the length of the insulating outer tube 2, the present invention designs a pin 16 pulling scheme with lower pulling resistance. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 13 to 15 , as follows:

[0068] When designing the structure of the driver 9, a lever-pulling mechanism was designed inside it. This internal design prevents foreign objects from entering and causing jamming. The connector 62 also features a lever-pulling mechanism, which consists of a rotating plate 19 and an eccentric shaft 17. A limiting pin hole 53 is formed on the rotating plate 19, and a pin 16 connects to the limiting pin hole 53 on the rotating plate 19. The rotating plate 19 is fixed to one end of the eccentric shaft 17, and the other end of the eccentric shaft 17 is inserted into the pin hole 63 of the connector 62. An eccentric rod 18 is located at the end furthest from the rotating plate 19. The diameter of rod 18 is smaller than the diameter of pin 16. The connecting seat 5 has a sliding groove 55 with a limiting groove that matches the eccentric rod 18. The limiting groove on the sliding groove 55 limits the initial position of the eccentric rod 18. When the fuse trips and falls, pin 16 unlocks from rotating piece 19. Under the gravity of the insulating outer tube 2, the connecting seat 5 begins to rotate, simultaneously causing the eccentric rod 18 to disengage from the limiting groove and slide along the sliding groove 55. When the connecting seat 5 rotates in the opposite direction to reset, the eccentric rod 18 slides back into the limiting groove along the sliding groove 55. Simultaneously, rotating piece 19 also rotates in the opposite direction to reset and locks itself to pin 16. The difference between this embodiment 4 and embodiment 1 is that pin 16 does not directly act on the connecting seat 5, but instead uses an eccentric shaft 17 with eccentric rod 18. Since the diameter of eccentric rod 18 can be several times smaller than that of pin 16, the core-pulling resistance can be greatly reduced, which can meet the needs of some special scenarios.

[0069] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of a universal intelligent drop-out fuse provided by the present invention. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Modifications and improvements to the present invention are possible without exceeding the concept and scope specified in the appended claims. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A universal intelligent drop-out fuse, wherein the drop-out fuse comprises an insulating outer tube, a fuse wire, a tube base, a conductive cap, and a connecting seat, the tube base being rotatably connected to the connecting seat via a rotating pin, characterized in that: The connecting seat has a symmetrical rotating arm on each of its left and right sides. The upper end of the rotating arm is rotatably connected to the tube seat and the connecting seat via a rotating pin. A connecting rod is transversely located in the middle of the rotating arm. The two ends of the connecting rod pass through the connecting seat and are fixedly connected to the left and right rotating arms respectively. The connecting seat has an arc-shaped limiting swing groove that matches the position of the connecting rod. The rotating arm performs limiting and resetting movements with the connecting seat via the connecting rod. A rotating shaft seat is located on the lower outer side of each rotating arm. The position of the rotating pin is inclined outward relative to the axis center of the rotating shaft seat. One of the rotating shaft seats has a connector for installing the driver. A pin hole is located at the center of the rotating shaft seat and the connector. A pin is installed in the pin hole. A limiting pin hole matching the pin is located on the side of the connecting seat. The rotating arm is fixedly connected to the connecting seat via the pin and the limiting pin hole.

2. The universal intelligent drop-out fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the insulating outer tube is also provided with an adjustment seat for adjusting the length of the fuse. The adjustment seat is located inside the conductive cap, and the lower end of the adjustment seat is threadedly rotatably connected to the inner wall of the insulating outer tube. The conductive cap is threadedly rotatably connected to the upper end of the insulating outer tube. The conductive ring at the upper end of the fuse is pressed against the top surface of the adjustment seat by the tightened conductive cap.

3. The universal intelligent drop-out fuse according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper end of the adjusting mounting base is in the shape of an annular boss, and a central hole is provided at the center. The upper end of the fuse is engaged with the top surface of the adjusting base by a conductive ring. The lower end of the fuse passes through the adjusting base and the insulating outer tube and is electrically connected to the connecting base. The outer and inner walls of the insulating outer tube are machined with stroke adjustment threads that match the conductive cap and the adjusting base. The threads on the conductive cap and the adjusting base are in opposite directions.

4. The universal intelligent drop-out fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting swing groove has a highest point and a lowest point. The highest point is the highest limit point of the swing of the lower end of the rotating arm when the insulating outer tube falls. The lowest point is the reset limit point when the insulating outer tube is straightened after falling. When the rotating rod is at the reset limit point, the pin is aligned with the limiting pin hole on the connecting seat. The distance between the highest point and the lowest point is the unlocking stroke.

5. A universal intelligent drop-out fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the connector is provided with a terminal stud, and the conductive ring at the lower end of the fuse is locked and fixed to the bottom of the connector by the terminal stud.

6. A universal intelligent drop-out fuse according to claim 5, characterized in that: One end of the terminal stud passes through the connector and is located inside the connector. The terminal stud is electrically connected to the rotating arm through a high-current wire.

7. A universal intelligent drop-out fuse according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes an arc-shaped conductive spring, one end of which is fixed to the bottom of the connector by a wiring stud, and the other end is bent to the top of the connector. The middle part of the conductive spring arches towards the insulator and is in close contact with the lower support of the insulator.

8. A universal intelligent drop-out fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connector is also equipped with a lever core-pulling mechanism, which is located inside the driver. The lever core-pulling mechanism consists of a rotating plate and an eccentric shaft. The limiting pin hole is opened on the rotating plate, and the pin is connected to the limiting pin hole on the rotating plate. The rotating plate is fixed to one end of the eccentric shaft, and the other end of the eccentric shaft is inserted into the pin hole of the connector. An eccentric rod is provided at the end away from the rotating plate. The diameter of the eccentric rod is smaller than the diameter of the pin. The connector seat is provided with a sliding groove with a limiting groove that matches the eccentric rod.

9. A universal intelligent drop-out fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that: An arc-shaped notch is provided on the mating surface of the tube seat and the wiring plate of the insulator, and the end face of the arc-shaped notch is an inclined surface.

10. A universal intelligent drop-out fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driver contains a battery, an integrated circuit board, and an electromagnetic driver. The electromagnetic driver consists of an electromagnet, a return spring, and a magnetic core stop pin. The magnetic core stop pin is a split structure consisting of a magnetically conductive part and a pin. One end of the magnetically conductive part is fixedly connected to the pin, and the other end is limited within the electromagnet by the return spring.

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