Residual hydrogen recovery device and system, control method and vehicle

Abstract

The invention provides a residual hydrogen recovery device and system, a control method and a vehicle, and relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cells. The residual hydrogen recovery device is used for recovering hydrogen in tail gas of the hydrogen fuel cell system, the residual hydrogen recovery device comprises a tank body and a solid hydrogen storage structure, the tank body is provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet, the gas inlet is used for being communicated with an exhaust port of the hydrogen fuel cell system, and the gas outlet is used for being selectively communicated with the outside or a hydrogen path inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell system; the solid hydrogen storage structure is arranged in the tank body, a plurality of gas flow channels and a plurality of heat exchange channels which penetrate through the solid hydrogen storage structure are arranged in the solid hydrogen storage structure, and the gas flow channels are communicated with the gas inlet and the gas outlet respectively. The residual hydrogen recovery device can absorb hydrogen in the tail gas on one hand, and can release the hydrogen into the hydrogen fuel cell system on the other hand, so that cyclic utilization of the hydrogen can be realized, the utilization rate of the hydrogen can be improved, and the problem that the hydrogen fuel cell system is relatively low in hydrogen utilization rate is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cell technology, and in particular to a residual hydrogen recovery device, system, control method, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] A hydrogen fuel cell is a power generation device that converts the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. It has advantages such as low pollution, high efficiency, and low noise. However, the gas emitted by a hydrogen fuel cell often contains unreacted hydrogen, and the hydrogen is not fully utilized, which affects the power supply capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a residual hydrogen recovery device, system, control method, and vehicle that can improve the utilization rate of hydrogen, thereby improving the power supply capacity of hydrogen fuel cells.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a residual hydrogen recovery device for a hydrogen fuel cell system. The hydrogen fuel cell system includes a hydrogen inlet and an exhaust port. The residual hydrogen recovery device includes a tank and a solid hydrogen storage structure. The tank has an inlet and an outlet. The inlet is used to connect to the exhaust port, and the outlet is used to selectively connect to the outside or the hydrogen inlet. The solid hydrogen storage structure is disposed in the tank. The solid hydrogen storage structure is provided with multiple airflow channels and multiple heat exchange channels that connect the solid hydrogen storage structure. The airflow channels are respectively connected to the inlet and the outlet.

[0005] The residual hydrogen recovery device provided in this application, when the inlet and outlet are connected, allows the exhaust gas discharged from the hydrogen fuel cell system through the outlet to enter the tank. The hydrogen in the exhaust gas is adsorbed by the solid-state hydrogen storage structure, thus recovering the hydrogen. The outlet of the tank can be selectively connected to the outside or the hydrogen inlet. When the outlet is connected to the outside, after the hydrogen in the exhaust gas is adsorbed by the solid-state hydrogen storage structure, the remaining impurities can be discharged to the outside through the outlet. This allows subsequent exhaust gas to continuously enter the tank, and the solid-state hydrogen storage structure can continuously absorb hydrogen. When the inlet is closed and the outlet is connected to the hydrogen inlet, the solid-state hydrogen storage structure is heated to release hydrogen, which can then return to the hydrogen fuel cell system. In this way, the residual hydrogen recovery device can both absorb hydrogen from the exhaust gas and release hydrogen into the hydrogen fuel cell system, enabling hydrogen recycling and improving hydrogen utilization efficiency, thereby enhancing the power supply capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0006] Furthermore, the residual hydrogen recovery device provided in this application features multiple airflow channels within the solid-state hydrogen storage structure, all interconnected. These channels connect to an inlet and an outlet. Gas entering the tank through the inlet can flow along the airflow channels to the outlet, and hydrogen released from the solid-state hydrogen storage structure into the airflow channels can also flow along the airflow channels to the outlet. This design increases the contact area between the solid-state hydrogen storage structure and the exhaust gas, improving hydrogen absorption efficiency. Additionally, the interconnected airflow channels enhance the smoothness of gas flow within the tank, thereby increasing both the hydrogen absorption and release rates. Moreover, the solid-state hydrogen storage structure also includes multiple heat exchange channels that connect to it. These channels are used for heating or cooling the solid-state hydrogen storage structure, enabling it to absorb or release hydrogen. The multiple heat exchange channels further contribute to increasing the hydrogen absorption and release rates.

[0007] In some alternative implementations of this application, the distance between the heat exchange channel and the adjacent airflow channel is the side length of a regular hexagon.

[0008] In this way, the heat exchange channel and the airflow channel are relatively close, which makes the hydrogen storage unit around the airflow channel receive a more sufficient heating or cooling effect, which is conducive to improving the hydrogen absorption and desorption efficiency.

[0009] In some alternative implementations of this application, the solid-state hydrogen storage structure includes multiple hydrogen storage units. Each hydrogen storage unit extends along its own axial direction with one end close to the inlet and the other end close to the outlet. The multiple hydrogen storage units are stacked along their own radial direction. All hydrogen storage units have the same cross-sectional area and are all regular hexagonal. The airflow channel and the heat exchange channel are both surrounded by six hydrogen storage units. The cross-sectional areas of the airflow channel, the heat exchange channel, and the hydrogen storage units are all the same.

[0010] By having the airflow channel and heat exchange channel both enclosed by six hydrogen storage units, the airflow channel and heat exchange channel in this application are easier to implement than those formed inside the hydrogen storage unit, resulting in lower manufacturing costs for the hydrogen storage unit. By arranging the hydrogen storage unit along its axial direction with one end near the inlet and the other near the outlet, the airflow channel is positioned so that one end is near the inlet and the other near the outlet. The arrangement of the inlet and outlet is largely consistent with the extension direction of the airflow channel, allowing gas to flow from the inlet to the outlet with minimal obstruction, thus improving the hydrogen absorption rate. Furthermore, all hydrogen storage units in this application have the same cross-sectional area and are all regular hexagons. The cross-sectional areas of the airflow channel, the heat exchange channel, and the hydrogen storage unit are all the same. This ensures high stability of the stacked structure and relatively large cross-sectional areas of the airflow channel and the heat exchange channel, further enhancing the hydrogen absorption and release rates.

[0011] In some alternative implementations of this application, the inner wall of the tank and the side wall of the solid hydrogen storage structure are spaced apart to form a chamber. A first heat exchange pipeline is provided in the chamber. The first heat exchange pipeline is in contact with at least two hydrogen storage units. The first heat exchange pipeline is configured to flow a heat exchange medium. Both ends of the first heat exchange pipeline pass through the tank.

[0012] By installing a first heat exchange pipe inside the chamber, with both ends of the first heat exchange pipe penetrating the tank body, the heat exchange medium outside the tank can enter the first heat exchange pipe from its ends, thereby exchanging heat with the hydrogen storage unit. This helps to improve the hydrogen absorption and release rates of the hydrogen storage unit. The hydrogen storage unit is separated from the sidewall of the tank body by the first heat exchange pipe, which also provides insulation, helping to reduce heat loss.

[0013] In some alternative implementations of this application, the heat exchange channel is configured to circulate heat exchange medium or a second heat exchange pipeline is provided in the heat exchange channel, with both ends of the second heat exchange pipeline penetrating the tank body, and the second heat exchange pipeline is configured to circulate heat exchange medium.

[0014] By installing a second heat exchange pipe within the heat exchange channel, with both ends of the second heat exchange pipe penetrating the tank body, the heat exchange medium outside the tank can enter the second heat exchange pipe from its ends, thereby exchanging heat with the hydrogen storage unit. This is beneficial for improving the hydrogen absorption and release rates of the hydrogen storage unit. Furthermore, configuring the heat exchange channel to allow for the flow of the heat exchange medium enables direct contact between the heat exchange medium and the hydrogen storage unit, further enhancing heat exchange efficiency.

[0015] In some alternative implementations of this application, the airflow channel and the heat exchange channel are arranged alternately along the radial direction of the airflow channel.

[0016] In this way, along the radial direction of the airflow channels, the airflow channels and heat exchange channels are arranged alternately. This can be achieved by placing a heat exchange channel between two adjacent airflow channels, or by placing an airflow channel between two adjacent heat exchange channels, or by placing a heat exchange channel between two adjacent airflow channels and a heat exchange channel between two adjacent heat exchange channels. Placing a heat exchange channel between two adjacent airflow channels allows the hydrogen absorption and desorption processes within both channels to be controlled by a single heat exchange channel, maximizing the utilization of the heat exchange channels and resulting in high structural integration and low cost. Placing an airflow channel between two adjacent heat exchange channels allows the hydrogen storage unit in one airflow channel to receive heating or cooling from the adjacent two heat exchange channels, ensuring sufficient heating and cooling and improving hydrogen absorption or desorption efficiency.

[0017] In some alternative implementations of this application, airflow channels and heat exchange channels are arranged alternately along the radial direction of the tank.

[0018] This allows for the arrangement of more airflow channels around the heat exchange channels, enabling the hydrogen absorption and desorption processes within these channels to be controlled by fewer heat exchange channels. This ensures full utilization of the heat exchange channels, resulting in higher structural integration and lower cost. Furthermore, the arrangement of more heat exchange channels around the airflow channels allows each hydrogen storage unit in each airflow channel to receive heating or cooling from multiple adjacent heat exchange channels, ensuring more thorough heating and cooling and improving hydrogen absorption or desorption efficiency.

[0019] Secondly, this application provides a residual hydrogen recovery system, which includes the residual hydrogen recovery device provided in the first aspect of this application. The number of residual hydrogen recovery devices is at least three, and the at least three residual hydrogen recovery devices are arranged in parallel and have different operating states. The inlet of the residual hydrogen recovery device is connected to the exhaust port of the hydrogen fuel cell system through a pipe equipped with an inlet valve, and the outlet of the residual hydrogen recovery device can be selectively connected to the outside or the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell system through a pipe equipped with an outlet valve.

[0020] The residual hydrogen recovery system provided in this application includes at least three residual hydrogen recovery devices connected in parallel. Each residual hydrogen recovery device can be in a hydrogen absorption state, a hydrogen release state, and a preparation state, respectively. Each residual hydrogen recovery device can switch between the hydrogen absorption state, the hydrogen release state, and the preparation state in turn, so that the residual hydrogen recovery system can carry out the hydrogen absorption process and the hydrogen release process simultaneously, and can keep the hydrogen absorption and release processes running without interruption, which is beneficial to improving the working efficiency of the residual hydrogen recovery system.

[0021] In some alternative implementations of this application, the residual hydrogen recovery system further includes a fuel cell stack waste heat recovery device and a cooling pipeline connected to the vehicle's cooling system, and the heat exchange passage may be selectively connected to the fuel cell stack waste heat recovery device or the cooling pipeline.

[0022] By selectively connecting the heat exchange channel to either the fuel cell stack waste heat recovery device or the cooling pipeline, the heat exchange channel can heat the hydrogen storage unit when connected to the fuel cell stack waste heat recovery device, and cool the hydrogen storage unit when connected to the cooling system. In this way, the heat exchange channel can both heat and cool the hydrogen storage unit, making it versatile and beneficial for improving system integration and simplifying the structure.

[0023] Furthermore, the heat exchange channel is connected to the fuel cell stack waste heat recovery device, allowing the heat exchange channel to utilize the fuel cell stack's waste heat to heat the hydrogen storage unit, which helps save energy. The heat exchange channel is also connected to the vehicle's cooling system, enabling the heat exchange channel to utilize the vehicle's cooling system to cool the hydrogen storage unit. This fully utilizes the vehicle's cooling system, eliminating the need for other cooling devices, simplifying the structure, and improving system integration.

[0024] Thirdly, this application provides a vehicle that includes a hydrogen fuel cell system and a residual hydrogen recovery system provided in the second aspect of this application.

[0025] The vehicle provided in this application, including the residual hydrogen recovery system provided in the second aspect of this application, can achieve the same technical effect, namely, it can help improve the utilization rate of hydrogen.

[0026] Fourthly, this application provides a method for recovering residual hydrogen, which is used in the residual hydrogen recovery system provided in the second aspect of this application. The residual hydrogen recovery method includes: In response to receiving at least one of the first and second information, the working state of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen release state is switched to the preparation state, the working state of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen absorption state is switched to the hydrogen release state, and the working state of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the control preparation state is switched to the hydrogen absorption state. When the working state is hydrogen release state, the residual hydrogen recovery device is in a high temperature state, the inlet is closed, and the outlet is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell system; when the working state is hydrogen absorption state, the residual hydrogen recovery device is in a low temperature state, the inlet is open, and the outlet is connected to the outside; when the working state is in preparation state, the residual hydrogen recovery device gradually cools down from a high temperature state to a low temperature state, and both the inlet and outlet are closed. The first information indicates that the hydrogen storage capacity of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen release state is less than the first preset value, and the second information indicates that the hydrogen storage capacity of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen absorption state is greater than the second preset value. The first preset value is obtained based on the first initial value and the first performance degradation coefficient, and the second preset value is obtained based on the second initial value and the second performance degradation coefficient.

[0027] The residual hydrogen recovery method provided in this application involves three residual hydrogen recovery devices that alternately switch between hydrogen absorption, hydrogen release, and preparation states, ensuring uninterrupted operation of the hydrogen absorption and release processes and improving the efficiency of the residual hydrogen recovery system. Furthermore, the residual hydrogen recovery device in the preparation state can switch to hydrogen absorption state simply by opening its inlet, allowing for rapid switching. This means that if one residual hydrogen recovery device reaches a high hydrogen saturation level, it can stop absorbing hydrogen, while the device in the preparation state can quickly absorb hydrogen, thus reducing hydrogen loss.

[0028] In some optional implementations of this application, the first information includes at least one of the following: the duration of the hydrogen release state of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen release state is greater than a first preset duration; the flow rate at the outlet of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen release state is less than a first preset flow rate; the gas pressure at the outlet of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen release state is less than a first preset gas pressure; and the amount of hydrogen released by the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen release state is greater than a preset amount of hydrogen released.

[0029] The second information includes at least one of the following: the duration of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen absorption state is greater than the second preset duration; the flow rate at the outlet of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen absorption state is greater than the second preset flow rate; the gas pressure at the outlet of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen absorption state is greater than the second preset gas pressure; and the amount of hydrogen absorbed by the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen absorption state is greater than the preset amount of hydrogen absorbed.

[0030] In this way, the first piece of information can more accurately characterize the hydrogen storage capacity of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen release state, which is beneficial to improving the hydrogen absorption and release rates of each residual hydrogen recovery device. Similarly, the second piece of information can more accurately characterize the hydrogen storage capacity of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen absorption state, which is also beneficial to improving the hydrogen absorption and release rates of each residual hydrogen recovery device. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the residual hydrogen recovery device in some embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydrogen storage unit surrounding the airflow channel in some embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the heat exchange channel and the airflow channel in some embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a system diagram showing the connection between the heat exchange channel, the fuel cell waste heat recovery device, and the cooling system in some embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the residual hydrogen recovery method in some embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is the second schematic diagram of the residual hydrogen recovery method in some embodiments of this application.

[0033] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Hydrogen storage unit; 2. Gas flow channel; 21. First gas flow channel; 22. Second gas flow channel; 3. Heat exchange channel; 31. First heat exchange channel; 32. Second heat exchange channel; 4. Tank body; 41. Chamber; 5. First heat exchange pipeline; 61. Main heating pipe; 62. Branch heating pipe; 621. First valve; 71. Main cooling pipe; 72. Branch cooling pipe; 721. Second valve; 8. Waste heat recovery device for fuel cell stack; 9. Cooling system. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions in this application will now be described clearly and in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this application.

[0036] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0037] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or". For example, A / B can mean A or B. The "and / or" in the text is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more.

[0038] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0039] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0040] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 This application provides a residual hydrogen recovery device for a hydrogen fuel cell system. The hydrogen fuel cell system includes a hydrogen inlet and an exhaust port. The residual hydrogen recovery device includes a tank 4 and a solid hydrogen storage structure. The tank 4 has an inlet and an outlet. The inlet is used to connect to the exhaust port, and the outlet is used to selectively connect to the outside or the hydrogen inlet. The solid hydrogen storage structure is disposed inside the tank 4. The solid hydrogen storage structure is provided with multiple airflow channels 2 and multiple heat exchange channels 3 that are connected to the solid hydrogen storage structure. The airflow channels 2 are respectively connected to the inlet and the outlet.

[0041] The residual hydrogen recovery device provided in this application embodiment, when the inlet and outlet are connected, allows the exhaust gas discharged from the hydrogen fuel cell system through the outlet to enter the tank 4. The hydrogen in the exhaust gas is adsorbed by the solid-state hydrogen storage structure, thus achieving hydrogen recovery. The outlet of the tank 4 can be selectively connected to the outside or the hydrogen inlet. When the outlet is connected to the outside, after the hydrogen in the exhaust gas is adsorbed by the solid-state hydrogen storage structure, the remaining impurities can be discharged to the outside through the outlet. In this way, subsequent exhaust gas can continuously enter the tank 4, and the solid-state hydrogen storage structure can continuously absorb hydrogen. When the inlet is closed and the outlet is connected to the hydrogen inlet, the solid-state hydrogen storage structure is heated to release hydrogen, which can then return to the hydrogen fuel cell system. Thus, the residual hydrogen recovery device can both absorb hydrogen from the exhaust gas and release hydrogen into the hydrogen fuel cell system, enabling hydrogen recycling and improving hydrogen utilization efficiency.

[0042] Furthermore, the residual hydrogen recovery device provided in this application includes multiple airflow channels 2 that are interconnected within the solid hydrogen storage structure. These airflow channels 2 connect to an inlet and an outlet, respectively. Gas entering the tank 4 through the inlet can flow along the airflow channels 2 to the outlet, and hydrogen released from the solid hydrogen storage structure into the airflow channels 2 can also flow along the airflow channels to the outlet. This increases the contact area between the solid hydrogen storage structure and the exhaust gas, improving hydrogen absorption efficiency. Furthermore, the interconnected airflow channels 2 also improve the smoothness of gas flow within the tank 4, thereby increasing both the hydrogen absorption and release rates. Additionally, the solid hydrogen storage structure includes multiple heat exchange channels 3 that are interconnected within it. These heat exchange channels 3 are used for heating or cooling the solid hydrogen storage structure, enabling it to absorb or release hydrogen. The multiple heat exchange channels 3 further contribute to increasing the hydrogen absorption and release rates.

[0043] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the tank 4 can be made of metal. This results in higher strength and rigidity for the tank 4, which is beneficial for improving the reliability of the residual hydrogen recovery device.

[0044] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3In this embodiment, heat exchange channel 3 is used to cool or heat the solid hydrogen storage structure, thereby enabling the solid hydrogen storage structure to absorb or release hydrogen. For example, in some embodiments of this application, the solid hydrogen storage structure includes a solid hydrogen storage material, which can be a metal alloy. The metal alloy can combine with hydrogen to form hydrides. Heating the hydrides in heat exchange channel 3 can decompose the hydrides into hydrogen and the metal alloy. The hydrogen can be discharged from the tank 4, and the metal alloy can reabsorb hydrogen. Heat exchange channel 3 can also cool the metal alloy, thereby accelerating the reaction rate between the metal alloy and hydrogen, allowing the metal alloy to rapidly absorb hydrogen.

[0045] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In this embodiment of the application, the airflow channel 2 is connected to the air inlet and the air outlet respectively, that is, the two ends of the airflow channel 2 are connected to the air inlet and the air outlet respectively.

[0046] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In this embodiment of the application, the solid hydrogen storage structure is provided with multiple airflow channels 2 and multiple heat exchange channels 3 that are connected through the solid hydrogen storage structure. That is, the multiple airflow channels 2 and multiple heat exchange channels 3 are connected through the solid hydrogen storage structure along their own axial direction.

[0047] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the residual hydrogen recovery device further includes a first temperature sensor, which may be installed inside the tank 4. The first temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the gas flow and the solid hydrogen storage structure inside the tank 4.

[0048] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the solid hydrogen storage material includes at least one of the following: LaNi5, LaNi4-7Al3, LaNi5-XCo. X LaNi5 combines with hydrogen to form LaNi5H6. LaNi5 has a rapid hydrogen absorption rate, while LaNi5H6 has a rapid hydrogen release rate, both of which can be achieved within minutes. It also boasts a high cycle life of approximately 500 cycles. Aluminum can be introduced to replace some of the nickel, for example, a rare-earth-based alloy could be LaNi4-7Al3. LaNi4-7Al3 can further improve the hydrogen absorption / desorption rate and cycle life compared to LaNi5, reaching approximately 5000 cycles. Another rare-earth-based alloy could be LaNi5-XCo. X Compared to LaNi5, LaNi5-XCo XThe hydride formed after combining with hydrogen gas has high stability. For example, LaNi5-XCo... X In this context, X can be 0.5 or 1, etc.

[0049] The hydrogen storage characteristics of LaNi5 are shown in Table 1.

[0050] Table 1

[0051] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the solid hydrogen storage material can also be nano-sized LaNi5 doped with TiO2 nanoparticles, which is beneficial to improving the adsorption kinetic stability and cycling stability. The capacity retention rate after 500 cycles is greater than or equal to 90%.

[0052] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the solid hydrogen storage material can be a nanomaterial, with nanoparticles having a radius of 20 to 50 nanometers, and the nanoparticles can be manufactured using a ball milling process. This is beneficial for improving the hydrogen absorption and desorption rates of the solid hydrogen storage material. In some embodiments of this application, the metal alloy can be doped with catalysts such as platinum nanoparticles or palladium nanoparticles. This is beneficial for improving the hydrogen absorption and desorption rates. In some embodiments of this application, the solid hydrogen storage material has hierarchical pores, which can shorten the diffusion path of hydrogen within the solid hydrogen storage material, thereby improving the hydrogen absorption and desorption rates, and also beneficial for increasing the volumetric hydrogen storage density. The hierarchical pores can be constructed using a template method.

[0053] The hydrogen storage and absorption characteristics of LaNi5 are as follows: Table 2

[0054] The method for calculating the hydrogen absorption rate of LaNi5 is as follows: For nano-sized LaNi5, the diffusion rate is fast, and the hydrogen absorption rate is mainly affected by surface dissociation and adsorption processes. An interfacial reaction-diffusion joint model is used for calculation, and the interfacial reaction-diffusion joint model is as follows: (Formula 1) Among them, v 吸 k is the hydrogen absorption rate of the solid hydrogen storage material. ads Let P be the surface reaction rate constant, and P be the gas pressure in gas flow channel 2 under hydrogen absorption conditions, which is 0.3 MPa. eq Let θ be the chemical equilibrium constant, which is 0.92, and let θ be the hydrogen coverage, which is assumed to be 0.5.

[0055] The surface reaction rate constant is related to the diffusion coefficient D, which can be calculated using the following formula: (Formula 2) Where r is the radius of the nanoparticles of the metal alloy.

[0056] Let r be 50 nanometers and t be 100 seconds, the diffusion coefficient is approximately 4.17 × 10⁻⁶. -20 m 2 / s.

[0057] The diffusion coefficient can be improved by carbon coating and catalyst doping of metal alloys. After improvement, the experimentally measured diffusion coefficient is approximately 1×10⁻⁶. -11 m 2 / s to 1.2×10 -11 m 2 / s.

[0058] After obtaining the diffusion coefficient, fit k ads At a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius for solid hydrogen storage materials, k ads 2.5×10 -3 Substituting wt% / (min / MPa) into Formula 1, we can obtain a theoretical hydrogen absorption rate of approximately 0.38wt% / min. Experimental measurements show that the actual hydrogen absorption rate is between 0.5 and 1.2wt% / min, indicating that the hydrogen absorption rate was improved by using a catalyst.

[0059] To further improve the hydrogen absorption rate, let r be 20 nanometers, and at a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius for the solid-state hydrogen storage material, k ads Upgraded to 5×10 -3 Substituting wt% / (min / MPa) into Formula 1, we obtain a theoretical hydrogen absorption rate of approximately 0.75wt% / min. The actual hydrogen absorption rate, as measured by experiments, is approximately 1.2wt% / min.

[0060] To further improve the hydrogen absorption rate and increase the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material to 50 degrees Celsius, the surface reaction rate constant at 50 degrees Celsius was calculated using the Arrhenius equation, which is as follows: (Formula 3) Among them, k ads (T) is the surface reaction rate constant at a certain temperature, k 298 The surface reaction rate constant at 298 degrees Fahrenheit (25 degrees Celsius) is 2.5 × 10⁻⁶. -3 wt%, E a The activation energy is 40 kJ / mol, and T is the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material.

[0061] Let T be 323, and substituting it into Formula 3, we can get k. ads (323) is approximately 3.8 × 10 -3 wt% / (min / MPa).

[0062] k ads (323) Substituting into Formula 1, we can obtain the theoretical hydrogen absorption rate of about 0.58 wt% / min. Through experiments, the actual hydrogen absorption rate measured at 50 degrees Celsius for solid hydrogen storage materials is 0.8 to 1.5 wt% / min.

[0063] Therefore, the hydrogen absorption rate of LaNi5 can be optimized to 1.2-1.5 wt% / min through nano-sizing, catalyst modification and alloying to meet the requirements of rapid hydrogen charging.

[0064] The hydrogen desorption rate of LaNi5H6 is calculated as follows: The hydrogen release rate is jointly controlled by hydrogen atom diffusion and surface molecule desorption. Using the Shrinking Core Model combined with surface reaction kinetics, we can obtain the following: (Formula 4) Where r is the radius of the nanoparticles of the metal alloy, D is the diffusion coefficient, and C... bulk C represents the bulk hydrogen concentration. surface Where is the surface hydrogen concentration, is the diffusion layer thickness, and is the surface hydrogen concentration. des Let be the surface desorption rate constant, 𝑘 diff is the diffusion rate constant.

[0065] Let r be 50 nanometers and D be 1.2 × 10⁻⁶. -11 m 2 / s, where 𝛿 is 10 nanometers.

[0066] By experimentally fitting 𝑘 des 3×10 -3 wt% / (min / MPa).

[0067] Assuming the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material is 80 degrees Celsius and the pressure in gas flow channel 2 is 0.05 MPa, C bulk It is 1.4 wt%, C surface It is 0.2 wt%.

[0068] 𝑘 diff It can be calculated using the following formula:

[0069] A is 50m 2 / g, which can be calculated to get 𝑘 diffThe hydrogen release rate is approximately 0.06 wt% / (min / MPa), thus yielding a theoretical hydrogen release rate of 0.82 wt% / min. Experimental measurements show that the actual hydrogen release rate ranges from 0.5 to 1.2 wt% / min.

[0070] Therefore, the hydrogen desorption rate of LaNi5H6 can be optimized to 1.5-2.0 wt% / min through nano-sizing, catalyst modification and alloying, which can meet the requirements for rapid hydrogen desorption.

[0071] The hydrogen desorption characteristics of LaNi5 are as follows: Table 3

[0072] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the solid hydrogen storage material is LaNi5. During the process of the solid hydrogen storage material absorbing hydrogen, the solid hydrogen storage material can be kept at 25 to 50 degrees Celsius. Generally, the efficiency of the solid hydrogen storage material in absorbing hydrogen is relatively high at 50 degrees Celsius. During the process of the solid hydrogen storage material releasing hydrogen, the solid hydrogen storage material can be kept at 60 to 100 degrees Celsius, for example, at 70 to 90 degrees Celsius, and exemplaryly, at 80 degrees Celsius.

[0073] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the solid hydrogen storage material is LaNi5. During the process of the solid hydrogen storage material absorbing hydrogen, the controller can keep the gas pressure inside the tank 4 between 0.1 and 1 MPa, for example, between 0.3 and 0.2 MPa, or between 0.3 and 0.5 MPa. During the process of the solid hydrogen storage material releasing hydrogen, the controller can keep the gas pressure inside the tank 4 less than or equal to the standard atmospheric pressure, for example, 0.05 MPa.

[0074] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the solid hydrogen storage structure includes multiple hydrogen storage units 1. Each hydrogen storage unit 1 extends along its own axial direction and has one end close to the air inlet and the other end close to the air outlet. The multiple hydrogen storage units 1 are stacked along their own radial direction, and the sidewalls of the multiple hydrogen storage units 1 together form an airflow channel 2.

[0075] By having the airflow channel 2 enclosed by the sidewalls of multiple hydrogen storage units 1, the airflow channel 2 in this embodiment is easier to implement than forming the airflow channel 2 inside the hydrogen storage unit 1, and the manufacturing cost of the hydrogen storage unit 1 is lower. By having the hydrogen storage unit 1 extend along its own axial direction with one end close to the inlet and the other end close to the outlet, one end of the airflow channel 2 is close to the inlet and the other end is close to the outlet. The arrangement direction of the inlet and outlet is relatively consistent with the extension direction of the airflow channel 2, allowing gas to flow from the inlet to the outlet along the airflow channel 2 with less obstruction, which is beneficial for improving the hydrogen absorption rate.

[0076] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the sidewall of hydrogen storage unit 1 refers to the outer sidewall of hydrogen storage unit 1. The sidewall of hydrogen storage unit 1 extends along the axial direction of hydrogen storage unit 1, and the normal direction of the sidewall of hydrogen storage unit 1 is perpendicular to the axial direction of hydrogen storage unit 1. The axial direction of hydrogen storage unit 1 is... Figures 1 to 3 The direction perpendicular to the paper.

[0077] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the airflow channel 2 faces the inlet and outlet, that is, the axial direction of the hydrogen storage unit 1, with the inlet and outlet located on opposite sides of the airflow channel 2. In some embodiments of this application, the orientation of both the inlet and outlet is parallel to the axial direction of the hydrogen storage unit 1. This facilitates smoother flow of hydrogen within the tank 4.

[0078] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 It is understood that in the embodiments of this application, the surfaces of two adjacent hydrogen storage units 1 are in contact with each other. In some embodiments of this application, the surfaces of two adjacent hydrogen storage units 1 are bonded together. This is beneficial to improving the stability of the structure formed by stacking the individual hydrogen storage units 1.

[0079] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the end walls of each hydrogen storage unit 1 are coplanar. This helps to reduce the space required to arrange each hydrogen storage unit 1. The end walls of the hydrogen storage unit 1 are also the surfaces of opposite sides of the hydrogen storage unit 1 along the axial direction.

[0080] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3In some embodiments of this application, all hydrogen storage units 1 have the same cross-sectional area and are all regular hexagonal. The airflow channel 2 is formed by six hydrogen storage units 1, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the airflow channel 2 is the same as that of the hydrogen storage unit 1, and the cross-section of the airflow channel 2 is also regular hexagonal. This design ensures high stability of the structure formed by stacking the hydrogen storage units 1, and also results in a relatively large cross-sectional area of ​​the airflow channel 2, which is beneficial for improving the hydrogen absorption and release rates.

[0081] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the application, the cross-section of the hydrogen storage unit 1 and the cross-section of the gas flow channel 2 are both perpendicular to the axial direction of the hydrogen storage unit 1.

[0082] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the solid-state hydrogen storage structure includes multiple hydrogen storage units 1. Each hydrogen storage unit 1 extends along its own axial direction, with one end near the gas inlet and the other end near the gas outlet. The multiple hydrogen storage units 1 are stacked along their own radial direction, and the sidewalls of the multiple hydrogen storage units 1 together form a heat exchange channel 3. By having the heat exchange channel 3 formed by the sidewalls of multiple hydrogen storage units 1, compared to forming the heat exchange channel 3 inside the hydrogen storage unit 1, the heat exchange channel 3 in the embodiments of this application is easier to implement, and the processing and manufacturing cost of the hydrogen storage unit 1 is lower.

[0083] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, all hydrogen storage units 1 have the same cross-sectional area and are all regular hexagonal. The heat exchange channel 3 is formed by six hydrogen storage units 1, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the heat exchange channel 3 is the same as that of the hydrogen storage unit 1, and the cross-section of the heat exchange channel 3 is also regular hexagonal. This design ensures high stability of the structure formed by stacking the individual hydrogen storage units 1, and also allows for a relatively large cross-sectional area of ​​the heat exchange channel 3, which is beneficial for improving heating and cooling efficiency, thereby increasing the hydrogen absorption and release rates.

[0084] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 It is understood that in the embodiments of this application, the heat exchange channel 3 and the air flow channel 2 are arranged side by side along the radial direction of the hydrogen storage unit 1, that is, the heat exchange channel 3 and the air flow channel 2 are arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the hydrogen storage unit 1.

[0085] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3In some embodiments of this application, the sidewall of each hydrogen storage unit 1 includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portions of the sidewalls of at least two hydrogen storage units 1 together form an airflow channel 2, and the second portions of the sidewalls of at least two hydrogen storage units 1 together form a heat exchange channel 3. In this way, the heat exchange channel 3 is closer to the airflow channel 2, which is beneficial to improving heating and cooling efficiency.

[0086] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the distance between the heat exchange channel 3 and the adjacent airflow channel 2 is the side length of a regular hexagon. This close proximity between the heat exchange channel 3 and the airflow channel 2 ensures that the hydrogen storage unit 1 surrounding the airflow channel 2 receives sufficient heating or cooling, which is beneficial for improving hydrogen absorption and desorption efficiency.

[0087] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, of the six sidewalls of the hydrogen storage unit 1, three spaced-apart sidewalls are connected to three other hydrogen storage units 1, and of the other three spaced-apart sidewalls, one is part of the inner wall of the gas flow channel 2, and the other two are part of the inner walls of the two heat exchange channels 3; or, of the other three spaced-apart sidewalls, one is part of the inner wall of the heat exchange channel 3, and the other two are part of the inner walls of the two gas flow channels 2. This arrangement of the hydrogen storage units 1 is relatively compact, occupying less space. Furthermore, the hydrogen storage unit 1 is either adjacent to the two gas flow channels 2, maximizing the contact area between the hydrogen storage unit 1 and the gas, or adjacent to the two heat exchange channels 2, which facilitates sufficient heating or cooling of the hydrogen storage unit 1, thereby improving hydrogen absorption and desorption efficiency.

[0088] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the inner sidewall of the tank 4 and the sidewall of the solid hydrogen storage structure are spaced apart to form a chamber 41. A first heat exchange pipe 5 is provided in the chamber 41. The first heat exchange pipe 5 is in contact with at least two hydrogen storage units 1. The first heat exchange pipe 5 is configured to flow a heat exchange medium. Both ends of the first heat exchange pipe 5 pass through the tank 4.

[0089] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In this embodiment of the application, it can be understood that the inner wall of the tank 4 is disposed opposite to the side wall of the solid hydrogen storage structure, and both extend along the axial direction of the hydrogen storage unit 1.

[0090] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the first heat exchange pipeline 5 can directly penetrate the tank body 4, or it can penetrate the tank body 4 through a collection pipeline. There are two collection pipelines: one collection pipeline connects to one end of all the first heat exchange pipelines 5, and the other collection pipeline connects to the other end of all the first heat exchange pipelines 5. A part of the collection pipeline penetrates the tank body 4, and the rest is located inside the tank body 4.

[0091] By installing a first heat exchange pipe 5 inside the chamber 41, with both ends of the first heat exchange pipe 5 penetrating the tank body 4, the heat exchange medium outside the tank body 4 can enter the first heat exchange pipe 5 from its ends, thereby exchanging heat with the hydrogen storage unit 1. This helps to improve the hydrogen absorption and release rates of the hydrogen storage unit 1. The hydrogen storage unit 1 is separated from the side wall of the tank body 4 by the first heat exchange pipe 5, which also provides insulation, helping to reduce heat loss.

[0092] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the first heat exchange pipeline 5 is radially supported between the side wall of the hydrogen storage unit 1 and the inner side wall of the tank 4. This helps to improve the stability of the installation of the first heat exchange pipeline 5.

[0093] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the cross-section of the first heat exchange pipe 5 is a regular hexagon, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the first heat exchange pipe 5 is the same as the cross-sectional area of ​​the hydrogen storage unit 1. It can be understood that the cross-section of the first heat exchange pipe 5 has six sides. For ease of description, two adjacent sides are referred to as the first side and the second side. Two adjacent sides of the cross-section of one hydrogen storage unit 1 are referred to as the third side and the fourth side, and two adjacent sides of the cross-section of another hydrogen storage unit 1 are referred to as the fifth side and the sixth side. In this embodiment, the first side coincides with the third side, the second side coincides with the fifth side, and the fourth side coincides with the sixth side. This makes the structure formed by stacking the first heat exchange pipe 5 and the hydrogen storage unit 1 more stable.

[0094] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the first heat exchange pipe 5 can directly heat and cool the hydrogen storage unit 1, and the outer wall of the first heat exchange pipe 5 is bonded to the side wall of the hydrogen storage unit 1 with a thermally conductive adhesive such as thermally conductive silicone grease. This is beneficial for improving sealing and thermal conductivity.

[0095] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3It is understood that in the embodiments of this application, the axial direction of the first heat exchange pipeline 5 is the same as the axial direction of the hydrogen storage unit 1, and the two ends of the first heat exchange pipeline 5 are the inlet end and the outlet end, respectively.

[0096] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the portion of chamber 41 located between two adjacent first heat exchange pipes 5 is filled with heat-insulating material. The heat-insulating material provides insulation, which helps reduce heat loss. In some embodiments of this application, the heat-insulating material is a heat-insulating sealing material. This helps reduce hydrogen leakage.

[0097] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the portion of chamber 41 located between two adjacent first heat exchange pipes 5 is a vacuum chamber. This allows chamber 41 to provide insulation, reducing heat loss. Furthermore, the vacuum chamber separates the hydrogen storage unit 1 from the sidewall of the tank 4, minimizing hydrogen leakage.

[0098] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, a second heat exchange pipeline is provided within the heat exchange channel 3, with both ends of the second heat exchange pipeline penetrating the tank 4. The second heat exchange pipeline is configured to circulate a heat exchange medium. By providing a second heat exchange pipeline within the heat exchange channel 3, with both ends of the second heat exchange pipeline penetrating the tank 4, the heat exchange medium outside the tank 4 can enter the second heat exchange pipeline from its ends, thereby exchanging heat with the hydrogen storage unit 1. This is beneficial for improving the hydrogen absorption rate and hydrogen release rate of the hydrogen storage unit 1.

[0099] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the second heat exchange pipeline can directly penetrate the tank 4, or it can penetrate the tank 4 through a collection pipeline. There are two collection pipelines: one collection pipeline connects to one end of all the second heat exchange pipelines, and the other collection pipeline connects to the other end of all the second heat exchange pipelines. A portion of the collection pipeline penetrates the tank 4, and the remaining portion is located inside the tank 4. The first heat exchange pipeline 5 and the second heat exchange pipeline can be connected to the same collection pipeline, or they can each be connected to a separate collection pipeline. The first heat exchange pipeline 5 and the second heat exchange pipeline can be collectively referred to as heat exchange pipelines, that is, the heat exchange pipeline is either the first heat exchange pipeline 5 or the second heat exchange pipeline. The first heat exchange pipeline 5 and the second heat exchange pipeline can be the same or different.

[0100] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3In some embodiments of this application, the heat exchange channel 3 is used to accommodate the second heat exchange pipeline, which heats and cools the hydrogen storage unit 1 through the heat exchange channel 3. The outer wall of the second heat exchange pipeline is in close contact with the inner wall of the heat exchange channel 3, that is, the outer contour of the cross-section of the second heat exchange pipeline is the same as the inner contour of the cross-section of the heat exchange channel 3. In this way, the second heat exchange pipeline and the hydrogen storage unit 1 are in close contact, which is beneficial to improving the heat transfer rate.

[0101] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the outer wall of the second heat exchange pipeline is bonded to the inner wall of the heat exchange channel 3 using thermally conductive silicone grease. This improves the sealing performance of the heat exchange channel 3 and also increases the heat transfer rate between the second heat exchange pipeline and the hydrogen storage unit 1.

[0102] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 It is understood that in the embodiments of this application, the axial direction of the second heat exchange pipeline is the same as the axial direction of the heat exchange channel 3, and the two ends of the second heat exchange pipeline are the inlet end and the outlet end, respectively.

[0103] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the outlet end of the second heat exchange pipeline and the inlet of the airflow channel 2 are respectively located at the ends of the second heat exchange pipeline and the airflow channel 2 that are close to each other, and the inlet end of the second heat exchange pipeline and the outlet of the airflow channel 2 are respectively located at the other ends of the second heat exchange pipeline and the airflow channel 2 that are close to each other. This allows the gas in the airflow channel 2 to convect with the heat exchange medium in the second heat exchange pipeline, enabling the hydrogen to be sufficiently heated or cooled, which is beneficial for improving hydrogen absorption efficiency or hydrogen release efficiency. It is understood that the inlet and outlet of the airflow channel 2 are located at opposite ends of the airflow channel 2, with the inlet connected to the gas inlet and the outlet connected to the gas outlet.

[0104] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In this embodiment of the application, the second heat exchange pipeline can be of various types, for example, it can be a spiral copper pipe or a spiral steel pipe, etc.

[0105] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In this embodiment, the heat exchange medium can be of various types, such as water or air. This results in a lower cost for the heat exchange medium.

[0106] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some other embodiments of this application, the heat exchange channel 3 may not have a second heat exchange pipeline. Instead, a second heat exchange pipeline is sealed and connected to both ends of the heat exchange channel 3. The second heat exchange pipeline directly penetrates or indirectly penetrates the tank 4 through a collection pipeline. The heat exchange channel 3 is configured to circulate the heat exchange medium, and the second heat exchange pipeline heats and cools the hydrogen storage unit 1 through the heat exchange channel 3. In this way, the heat exchange medium is in direct contact with the hydrogen storage unit 1, which is beneficial to improving the heat transfer rate.

[0107] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the airflow channel 2 and the heat exchange channel 3 are arranged alternately along the radial direction of the airflow channel 2. This alternating arrangement of the airflow channel 2 and the heat exchange channel 3 along the radial direction of the airflow channel 2 can be achieved by having a heat exchange channel 3 between two adjacent airflow channels 2, or by having a single airflow channel 2 between two adjacent heat exchange channels 3, or by having a heat exchange channel 3 between two adjacent airflow channels 2 and a single airflow channel 2 between two adjacent heat exchange channels 3. Having a heat exchange channel 3 between two adjacent airflow channels 2 allows the hydrogen absorption and desorption processes within the two airflow channels 2 to be controlled by a single heat exchange channel 3, thus fully utilizing the heat exchange channel 3, resulting in high structural integration and low cost. Furthermore, having an airflow channel 2 between two adjacent heat exchange channels 3 allows the hydrogen storage unit 1 at one airflow channel 2 to receive heating or cooling from the two adjacent heat exchange channels 3, ensuring sufficient heating and cooling and improving hydrogen absorption or desorption efficiency.

[0108] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, airflow channels 2 and heat exchange channels 3 are arranged alternately along the radial direction of the tank body 4. This allows for the arrangement of more airflow channels 2 around the heat exchange channels 3, enabling the hydrogen absorption and desorption processes within these channels to be controlled by fewer heat exchange channels 3. This ensures full utilization of the heat exchange channels 3, resulting in higher structural integration and lower cost. Alternatively, the arrangement of more heat exchange channels 3 around the airflow channels 2 allows each hydrogen storage unit 1 at each airflow channel 2 to receive heating or cooling from multiple adjacent heat exchange channels 3, resulting in more efficient heating and cooling and improving hydrogen absorption or desorption efficiency.

[0109] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3In this embodiment of the application, along the radial direction of the tank body 4, the airflow channel 2 and the heat exchange channel 3 are arranged alternately. It is possible that one airflow channel 2 is set at the center of the tank body 4, or one heat exchange channel 3 is set at the center of the tank body 4. Figure 1 The image shows an airflow channel 2 located at the center of the hydrogen storage unit 1.

[0110] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 For example, in some embodiments of this application, an airflow channel 2 is disposed at the center of the hydrogen storage unit 1. For ease of description, this airflow channel 2 is referred to as the first airflow channel 21. Figure 2 The diagram illustrates a hydrogen storage unit 1 surrounding a first airflow channel 21. At least two heat exchange channels 3 include at least two first heat exchange channels 31, which are arranged around and adjacent to the first airflow channel 21. Figure 3 The positional relationship between the first heat exchange channel 31 and the first airflow channel 21 is shown. Each of the at least two airflow channels 2 further includes at least two second airflow channels 22, which are arranged around the first airflow channel 21 and located on the side of the first heat exchange channel 31 away from the first airflow channel 21. Thus, from the radial direction of the hydrogen storage unit 1, at least two airflow channels 2 and at least two heat exchange channels 3 are alternately arranged.

[0111] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 Of course, in some embodiments of this application, at least two heat exchange channels 3 may include at least two Nth airflow channels, at least two Nth heat exchange channels, and at least two (N-1)th heat exchange channels, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to two. At least two Nth airflow channels are arranged around the first airflow channel 21, at least two (N)th heat exchange channels are arranged around the first airflow channel 21, and at least two (N-1)th heat exchange channels are arranged around the first airflow channel 21. The Nth airflow channel is located on the side of the Nth heat exchange channel closer to the first airflow channel 21, and the (N-1)th heat exchange channel is located on the side of the Nth airflow channel away from the Nth heat exchange channel. For example, in some embodiments of this application, N is two, and at least two second heat exchange channels 32 are arranged around the first airflow channel 21 and located on the side of the second airflow channel 22 away from the first heat exchange channel 31.

[0112] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen storage unit 1 is formed of a solid hydrogen storage material or the hydrogen storage unit 1 includes a shell and a solid hydrogen storage material. The shell has a vent on its side wall near the airflow channel 2, and the solid hydrogen storage material is filled inside the shell.

[0113] By filling the shell with solid hydrogen storage material, the shell can protect the solid hydrogen storage material, which helps reduce damage to it. The shell also has relatively high strength and rigidity, which helps improve the stability of the structure formed by stacking the various hydrogen storage units 1. By opening a vent on the side wall of the shell near the airflow channel 2, hydrogen released from the solid hydrogen storage material can enter the airflow channel 2 through the vent, and hydrogen in the airflow channel 2 can also come into contact with the solid hydrogen storage material through the vent, so that the hydrogen absorption and desorption process can proceed normally.

[0114] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the outer shell isolates the heat exchange channel 3 from the solid hydrogen storage material. By isolating the heat exchange channel 3 from the solid hydrogen storage material, the hydrogen released from the solid hydrogen storage material is less likely to enter the heat exchange channel 3, allowing as much hydrogen as possible to enter the gas flow channel 2, which is beneficial to the utilization rate of hydrogen.

[0115] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the sidewall of the housing has a through hole, the depth direction of which is the same as the thickness direction of the sidewall of the housing, and the through hole is located on the sidewall of the housing that abuts against another housing.

[0116] By incorporating through-holes in the sidewalls of the outer shell, with the depth of the through-holes aligned with the thickness of the sidewalls, the volume and weight of the shell are reduced, promoting structural lightweighting. This also allows for an increase in the amount of solid hydrogen storage material within the tank 4, thereby enhancing the hydrogen storage density of the residual hydrogen recovery device. Furthermore, by positioning the through-holes on the sidewall where the outer shell abuts against another outer shell, heat or cold from the solid hydrogen storage material in one storage unit 1 can be readily diffused to another, ensuring adequate heating or cooling of each storage unit 1 and thus improving the hydrogen absorption and desorption rate.

[0117] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the through-hole is a strip-shaped hole, and the length direction of the strip-shaped hole is the same as the axial direction of the hydrogen storage unit 1. In this way, the size of the strip-shaped hole is relatively large, which can significantly reduce the volume and weight of the shell and also improve the heat diffusion efficiency.

[0118] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the area enclosed by the circumferential contour of the slot is larger than the area enclosed by the circumferential contour of the vent. This results in a relatively large slot size, which can significantly reduce the volume and weight of the casing and improve thermal diffusion efficiency. The relatively small size of the vent reduces the risk of solid hydrogen storage material falling into the airflow channel 2 through the vent. In some embodiments of this application, the sidewall of the outer casing near the airflow channel 2 can have a mesh structure.

[0119] This application embodiment also provides a residual hydrogen recovery system, which includes the residual hydrogen recovery device provided in this application embodiment. The number of residual hydrogen recovery devices is at least three, and the at least three residual hydrogen recovery devices are arranged in parallel and have different operating states. The air inlet of the residual hydrogen recovery device is connected to the exhaust port of the hydrogen fuel cell system through a pipe equipped with an air inlet valve. The air outlet of the residual hydrogen recovery device can be selectively connected to the outside or the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell system through a pipe equipped with an air outlet valve.

[0120] The residual hydrogen recovery system provided in this application includes at least three residual hydrogen recovery devices connected in parallel. Each residual hydrogen recovery device can be in a hydrogen absorption state, a hydrogen release state, and a preparation state, respectively. Each residual hydrogen recovery device can switch between the hydrogen absorption state, the hydrogen release state, and the preparation state in turn, so that the residual hydrogen recovery system can carry out the hydrogen absorption process and the hydrogen release process simultaneously, and can keep the hydrogen absorption and release processes running without stopping, which is beneficial to improving the working efficiency of the residual hydrogen recovery system.

[0121] In this embodiment, the gas outlet can be selectively connected to the outside environment or the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell system via a pipe equipped with a gas outlet valve. This can be implemented in various ways. For example, the gas outlet valve can be a three-way valve with a first connected state, a second connected state, and a closed state. In the first connected state, the gas outlet is connected to the outside environment; in the second connected state, the gas outlet is connected to the hydrogen inlet; and in the closed state, both the outside environment and the hydrogen inlet are isolated from the gas outlet. Alternatively, the gas outlet can include a first sub-port and a second sub-port. The first sub-port can be switched on and off to connect to the outside environment, and the second sub-port can be switched on and off to connect to the hydrogen inlet. In some embodiments of this application, the outside environment can be the atmosphere.

[0122] In some embodiments of this application, the residual hydrogen recovery system further includes a controller configured to control the opening and closing of the inlet valve and the outlet valve, as well as the degree of opening. In some embodiments of this application, both the inlet valve and the outlet valve may be solenoid valves, and the controller is electrically connected to the solenoid valves.

[0123] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 In some embodiments of this application, the residual hydrogen recovery system further includes a fuel cell stack waste heat recovery device and a cooling pipeline. The cooling pipeline is connected to the vehicle's cooling system, and the heat exchange channel 3 can be selectively connected to the fuel cell stack waste heat recovery device or the cooling pipeline.

[0124] By selectively connecting the heat exchange channel 3 to either the fuel cell stack waste heat recovery device or the cooling pipeline, the heat exchange channel 3 can heat the hydrogen storage unit 1 when connected to the fuel cell stack waste heat recovery device, and can cool the hydrogen storage unit 1 when connected to the cooling system. In this way, the heat exchange channel 3 can both heat and cool the hydrogen storage unit 1, making it versatile and beneficial for improving system integration and simplifying the structure.

[0125] Furthermore, the heat exchange channel 3 is connected to the fuel cell stack waste heat recovery device, allowing the heat exchange channel 3 to utilize the waste heat of the fuel cell stack to heat the hydrogen storage unit 1, which helps save energy. The heat exchange channel 3 is also connected to the vehicle's cooling system, allowing the heat exchange channel 3 to utilize the vehicle's cooling system to cool the hydrogen storage unit 1. This fully utilizes the vehicle's cooling system, eliminating the need for other cooling devices, simplifying the structure, and improving the system's integration.

[0126] Generally, the temperature of the heat exchange medium after absorbing the heat from the fuel cell stack is 60 to 90 degrees Celsius, which can well meet the heating requirements of solid hydrogen storage materials in the hydrogen release state.

[0127] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 In some embodiments of this application, a second temperature sensor is installed in the pipeline connecting the fuel cell waste heat recovery device and the heat exchange channel 3. The second temperature sensor is connected to a controller. A third temperature sensor is installed in the cooling pipeline and is connected to the controller. The controller is connected to a first temperature sensor. The controller is configured to adjust the flow rate in the heat exchange channel 3 based on the detection results of the first, second, and third temperature sensors. In some embodiments of this application, a first valve 621 is installed in the pipeline connecting the fuel cell waste heat recovery device and the heat exchange channel 3. A second valve 721 is installed in the cooling pipeline. The controller is connected to the first valve 621 to adjust the flow rate in the heat exchange channel 3, and the controller is connected to the second valve 721 to adjust the flow rate in the heat exchange channel 3.

[0128] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4In some embodiments of this application, the residual hydrogen recovery system further includes a heating main pipe 61 and at least two heating branch pipes 62, and a cooling pipeline including a refrigeration main pipe 71 and at least two refrigeration branch pipes 72. The at least two heating branch pipes 62 are connected in parallel and then in series with the heating main pipe 61, and the at least two refrigeration branch pipes 72 are connected in parallel and then in series with the refrigeration main pipe 71. The heating branch pipes 62 and refrigeration branch pipes 72 are configured one-to-one with the residual hydrogen recovery device. The heating branch pipes 62 and the corresponding refrigeration branch pipes 72 are connected in parallel and then in series with the corresponding residual hydrogen recovery device. The heat exchange pipelines or heat exchange channels 3 in the residual hydrogen recovery device can be selectively connected to the heating branch pipes 62 and the refrigeration branch pipes 72. The heating main pipe 61 is connected in series with the fuel cell stack waste heat recovery device, and the refrigeration main pipe 71 is connected in series with the cooling system.

[0129] By connecting the heating branch pipe 62 in parallel with the corresponding cooling branch pipe 72 and then connecting it in series with the corresponding residual hydrogen recovery device, the heat exchange pipes or heat exchange channels 3 in the residual hydrogen recovery device can be selectively connected to the heating branch pipe 62 and the cooling branch pipe 72. When the heating branch pipe 62 is connected to the corresponding heat exchange pipe or heat exchange channel 3, the heat exchange pipe or heat exchange channel 3 can heat the hydrogen storage unit 1. When the cooling branch pipe 72 is connected to the corresponding heat exchange pipe or heat exchange channel 3, the heat exchange pipe or heat exchange channel 3 can cool the hydrogen storage unit 1. In this way, the heat exchange pipe or heat exchange channel 3 can both heat and cool the hydrogen storage unit 1. The heat exchange pipe or heat exchange channel 3 has multiple uses, which is beneficial to improving the system integration and simplifying the structure.

[0130] It should be explained that, in the embodiments of this application, Figure 4 In the diagram, the pipeline consisting of the main heating pipe 61 and at least two heating branch pipes 62 is represented by a dashed line, the pipeline consisting of the main cooling pipe 71 and at least two cooling branch pipes 72 is represented by a solid line, and the heat exchange pipeline or heat exchange channel 3 is represented by a dotted line.

[0131] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 In some embodiments of this application, all heat exchange pipelines of the same residual hydrogen recovery device are first connected in parallel through a collection pipeline and then connected in series with the corresponding heating branch pipe 62, and all heat exchange pipelines of the same residual hydrogen recovery device are first connected in parallel through a collection pipeline and then connected in series with the corresponding cooling branch pipe 72.

[0132] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 In some embodiments of this application, each heating branch pipe 62 is provided with a first valve 621. The first valve 621 can be connected to a controller. The first valve 621 can control the connection between the heat exchange pipeline and the heating branch pipe 62 or the connection between the heat exchange channel 3 and the heating branch pipe 62, and can also control the flow rate of the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange pipeline or the heat exchange channel 3.

[0133] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 In some embodiments of this application, each refrigeration branch pipe 72 is provided with a second valve 721. The second valve 721 can be connected to a controller. The second valve 721 can control the connection between the heat exchange pipeline and the refrigeration branch pipe 72 or the connection between the heat exchange channel 3 and the refrigeration branch pipe 72. It can also control the flow rate of the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange pipeline or the heat exchange channel 3.

[0134] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 In some embodiments of this application, each heating branch pipe 62 is provided with a second temperature sensor. The second temperature sensor can be connected to a controller. The second temperature sensor can detect the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the heating branch pipe 62. The controller controls the first valve 621 according to the detection result of the second temperature sensor.

[0135] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 In some embodiments of this application, each refrigeration branch pipe 72 is provided with a third temperature sensor. The third temperature sensor can be connected to a controller. The third temperature sensor can detect the temperature of the heat exchange medium inside the refrigeration branch pipe 72. The controller controls the second valve 721 according to the detection result of the third temperature sensor.

[0136] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 In some embodiments of this application, during the process of the solid hydrogen storage material absorbing the gas in the residual hydrogen recovery device, the flow rate of the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange pipeline or heat exchange channel 3 can be zero. The residual hydrogen recovery device can absorb hydrogen at room temperature, and the flow rate of the heat exchange medium can be zero, which can save energy consumption.

[0137] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 In some embodiments of this application, the controller can be electrically connected to the energy management module. The controller can control the flow rate of the tank 4 and the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material according to the output signal of the energy management module. When the output signal of the energy management module indicates that the charge of the fuel cell stack is low, i.e., the remaining power is low, for example, when the energy management module detects that the remaining power of the fuel cell stack is less than or equal to 40%, the controller can control the outlet of the tank 4 to open and the inlet to close, and the heat exchange channel 3 inside the tank 4 to heat up, so that the tank 4 releases hydrogen to the fuel cell stack.

[0138] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4In some embodiments of this application, the cooling system includes an air conditioning cooling system, which comprises a first heat exchanger, a compressor, and an evaporator. The first heat exchanger includes refrigerant piping and coolant piping, which exchange heat with each other. The refrigerant piping, compressor, and evaporator are connected in series, and the main refrigeration pipe 71 is connected in series with the coolant piping. In this way, the refrigerant piping can cool the coolant piping, and the lower-temperature heat exchange medium in the coolant piping can flow into the main refrigeration pipe 71, and then into the heat exchange piping or heat exchange channel 3 of the residual hydrogen recovery device. The coolant piping is fully utilized, and the system has a high degree of integration.

[0139] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 In some embodiments of this application, the cooling system includes a motor cooling system, which includes a second heat exchanger, a pump, and an air-cooled radiator. The second heat exchanger, the pump, and the air-cooled radiator are connected in series, and the refrigeration main pipe 71 is connected to the second heat exchanger. In this way, the heat exchange medium with a high temperature in the refrigeration main pipe 71 can be cooled by the air-cooled radiator, the air-cooled radiator is fully utilized, and the system has a high degree of integration.

[0140] This application provides a vehicle, which can be an automobile or a rail vehicle. The automobile can be, for example, a sedan, an off-road vehicle, or a sport utility vehicle (SUV). The vehicle includes a hydrogen fuel cell system and a residual hydrogen recovery system. The vehicle provided in this application, including the residual hydrogen recovery system of this application, can achieve the same technical effect, namely, it can help improve the utilization rate of hydrogen.

[0141] This application embodiment also provides a method for recovering residual hydrogen, which is used in the residual hydrogen recovery system provided in this application embodiment. The residual hydrogen recovery method includes: In response to receiving at least one of the first and second information, the working state of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen release state is switched to the preparation state, the working state of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen absorption state is switched to the hydrogen release state, and the working state of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the control preparation state is switched to the hydrogen absorption state. When the working state is hydrogen release state, the residual hydrogen recovery device is in a high temperature state, the inlet is closed, and the outlet is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell system; when the working state is hydrogen absorption state, the residual hydrogen recovery device is in a low temperature state, the inlet is open, and the outlet is connected to the outside; when the working state is in preparation state, the residual hydrogen recovery device gradually cools down from a high temperature state to a low temperature state, and both the inlet and outlet are closed. The first information indicates that the hydrogen storage capacity of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen release state is less than the first preset value, and the second information indicates that the hydrogen storage capacity of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen absorption state is greater than the second preset value. The first preset value is obtained based on the first initial value and the first performance degradation coefficient, and the second preset value is obtained based on the second initial value and the second performance degradation coefficient.

[0142] The residual hydrogen recovery method provided in this application involves three residual hydrogen recovery devices that alternately switch between hydrogen absorption, hydrogen release, and preparation states, ensuring uninterrupted operation of the hydrogen absorption and release processes and improving the efficiency of the residual hydrogen recovery system. Furthermore, the residual hydrogen recovery device in the preparation state can switch to hydrogen absorption state simply by opening its inlet, allowing for rapid switching. This means that if one residual hydrogen recovery device reaches a high hydrogen saturation level, it can stop absorbing hydrogen, while the device in the preparation state can quickly absorb hydrogen, thus reducing hydrogen loss.

[0143] It should be explained that, in the embodiments of this application, responding to receiving at least one of the first information and the second information can be responding to receiving both the first information and the second information, or responding to receiving either the first information or the second information, or responding to receiving the first information without responding to receiving the second information, or responding to receiving the second information without responding to receiving the first information.

[0144] Furthermore, the hydrogen absorption and desorption capacity of solid hydrogen storage materials decreases with the number of hydrogen absorption and desorption cycles. The first and second preset values ​​need to take into account the performance degradation of the solid hydrogen storage material. In this application embodiment, the performance degradation coefficient of the solid hydrogen storage material is determined based on the number of hydrogen absorption and desorption cycles, and then the first and second preset values ​​are determined. The more times the solid hydrogen storage material absorbs and desorbs hydrogen, the greater the performance degradation coefficient.

[0145] The first preset value 'a' is calculated as follows: a n =a0×(1-α n ) Among them, a n The first preset value is given by the nth iteration, where a0 is the first initial value, and α is the first preset value. n This is the first performance degradation factor under the condition of n cycles.

[0146] a0=a 最大 ×k1 a 最大 When the number of hydrogen releases is zero, the maximum hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device is k1, which is the hydrogen release coefficient, and is a value less than 1, preferably less than 0.5, such as 0.2 or 0.3.

[0147] Exemplary, in some embodiments of this application, α 500 It is 10%, a0 is 2kg, a 500 It weighs 1.8 kg.

[0148] The second preset value β is calculated as follows: b n =b0×(1-β n ) Among them, b n The second preset value is given for n iterations, b0 is the second initial value, and β is the second preset value. n The second performance degradation coefficient is given by the nth cycle.

[0149] b0=b 最大 ×k2 b 最大 When the number of hydrogen absorption cycles is zero, the maximum hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device is k2, which is the hydrogen absorption coefficient and is a value less than 1, preferably a value greater than 0.5, such as 0.7 or 0.8.

[0150] Exemplary, in some embodiments of this application, β 500 It is 10%, b0 is 8kg, b 500 It weighs 7.2 kg.

[0151] Please refer to Figure 1 In some embodiments of this application, the tank 4 also includes a material resistance sensor. The material resistance sensor is used to detect the saturation of the solid hydrogen storage material. The saturation of the solid hydrogen storage material reflects the amount of hydrogen bound to the solid hydrogen storage material. The higher the saturation of the solid hydrogen storage material, the more hydrogen is bound to the solid hydrogen storage material, and the higher the hydrogen absorption resistance of the solid hydrogen storage material. The controller is electrically connected to the material resistance sensor and can control the hydrogen flow rate in each tank 4 according to the material resistance sensor. When the saturation of the solid hydrogen storage material in a certain residual hydrogen recovery device is high, the amount of hydrogen entering the hydrogen device through the inlet can be reduced, and the hydrogen can be introduced into other residual hydrogen recovery devices so that the other residual hydrogen recovery devices can absorb the hydrogen.

[0152] In some embodiments of this application, the first information includes at least one of the following: the duration of the hydrogen release state of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen release state is greater than a first preset duration; the flow rate at the outlet of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen release state is less than a first preset flow rate; the gas pressure at the outlet of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen release state is less than a first preset gas pressure; and the amount of hydrogen released by the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen release state is greater than a preset amount of hydrogen released.

[0153] The second information includes at least one of the following: the duration of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen absorption state is greater than the second preset duration; the flow rate at the outlet of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen absorption state is greater than the second preset flow rate; the gas pressure at the outlet of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen absorption state is greater than the second preset gas pressure; and the amount of hydrogen absorbed by the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen absorption state is greater than the preset amount of hydrogen absorbed.

[0154] In this way, the first piece of information can more accurately characterize the hydrogen storage capacity of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen release state, which is beneficial to improving the hydrogen absorption and release rates of each residual hydrogen recovery device. Similarly, the second piece of information can more accurately characterize the hydrogen storage capacity of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen absorption state, which is also beneficial to improving the hydrogen absorption and release rates of each residual hydrogen recovery device.

[0155] In some embodiments of this application, the material resistance sensor may include a pressure sensor for detecting the air pressure at the outlet. In some embodiments of this application, the material resistance sensor may include a flow sensor disposed at the outlet; the flow sensor may be a mass flow meter for detecting the flow rate at the outlet.

[0156] In some embodiments of this application, the first preset flow rate can be half of the maximum hydrogen release flow rate, for example, 100 g / min. The maximum hydrogen release flow rate refers to the flow rate at the outlet when the residual hydrogen recovery device is at its maximum saturation and in a hydrogen release state.

[0157] In some embodiments of this application, the first preset gas pressure can be half of the maximum hydrogen release pressure. The maximum hydrogen release pressure refers to the gas pressure at the outlet when the residual hydrogen recovery device is at its maximum saturation and in a hydrogen release state.

[0158] In some embodiments of this application, the amount of hydrogen released by the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen release state can be obtained by multiplying the time the residual hydrogen recovery device is in the hydrogen release state by the flow rate at the outlet during the hydrogen release process.

[0159] In some embodiments of this application, when the outlet flow rate is the second preset flow rate, the hydrogen absorption efficiency of the residual hydrogen recovery device can be half of the maximum hydrogen absorption rate. The maximum hydrogen absorption rate refers to the amount of hydrogen absorbed by the residual hydrogen recovery device per unit time when the hydrogen storage capacity of the device is zero. For example, when the residual hydrogen recovery device is at its maximum hydrogen absorption rate, the outlet flow rate is 96% of the inlet flow rate, then the second preset flow rate is 98% of the inlet flow rate.

[0160] In some embodiments of this application, when the gas pressure at the outlet is a second preset gas pressure, the hydrogen absorption efficiency of the residual hydrogen recovery device can be half of the maximum hydrogen absorption rate.

[0161] In some embodiments of this application, the amount of hydrogen absorbed by the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen absorption state can be obtained by multiplying the time the residual hydrogen recovery device is in the hydrogen absorption state by the flow difference between the inlet and outlet during the hydrogen absorption process.

[0162] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is one of the schematic flowcharts of a residual hydrogen recovery method in some embodiments of this application. In this embodiment, the residual hydrogen recovery method includes: S101, control the first residual hydrogen recovery device to be in hydrogen absorption state, control the second residual hydrogen recovery device to be in preparation state, and control the third residual hydrogen recovery device to be in hydrogen release state.

[0163] S102, check whether the saturation of the first residual hydrogen recovery device has reached the limit. If not, return to S101.

[0164] S103, if so, control the second residual hydrogen recovery device to be in hydrogen absorption state, control the first residual hydrogen recovery device to be in hydrogen release state, and control the third residual hydrogen recovery device to be in preparation state.

[0165] S104, check whether the saturation of the second residual hydrogen recovery device has reached the limit. If not, return to S103.

[0166] S105, if so, control the third residual hydrogen recovery device to be in hydrogen absorption state, control the second residual hydrogen recovery device to be in hydrogen release state, and control the first residual hydrogen recovery device to be in preparation state.

[0167] S106, check whether the saturation of the third residual hydrogen recovery unit has reached the limit. If not, return to S105; if yes, return to S102.

[0168] Generally, the hydrogen discharged from the exhaust port of a hydrogen fuel cell system includes: hydrogen used to purge anolyte before and after the stack is started up, hydrogen that does not participate in the reaction during the stack's operation, and hydrogen discharged during the stack's drainage and nitrogen removal process. The residual hydrogen recovery device can recover all of the above-mentioned hydrogen.

[0169] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a second schematic diagram of a residual hydrogen recovery method in some embodiments of this application. In this embodiment, the residual hydrogen recovery method includes: S201, Before the fuel cell stack is started, control the hydrogen source to deliver hydrogen to the fuel cell stack anode so that the hydrogen purges the anode; S202, control some residual hydrogen recovery devices to be in hydrogen absorption state, and other residual hydrogen recovery devices to be in standby state; S203, Detect whether the saturation of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen absorption state has reached the limit; S204, if not, keep the residual hydrogen recovery device, which is currently in the hydrogen absorption state, in the hydrogen absorption state. S205, if so, control the air inlet of the residual hydrogen recovery device that is currently in hydrogen absorption state to close, and control the residual hydrogen recovery device that is currently in preparation state to switch to hydrogen absorption state. S206, check if the fuel cell stack has started; if not, return to S203. S207, if so, control some residual hydrogen recovery devices to be in the hydrogen release state, and other residual hydrogen recovery devices to be in the standby state. S208, check if the fuel cell stack is purging nitrogen; if not, return to S207. S209, If so, control the residual hydrogen recovery device currently in the preparation state to switch to the hydrogen absorption state; S210, Detect whether the saturation of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen absorption state has reached the limit; S211, if not, keep the residual hydrogen recovery device, which is currently in the hydrogen absorption state, in the hydrogen absorption state. S212, if so, control the residual hydrogen recovery device currently in hydrogen absorption state to switch to hydrogen release state, and control the residual hydrogen recovery device currently in preparation state to switch to hydrogen absorption state. S213, check if the fuel cell stack is off; if not, return to S210. S214, if so, control the hydrogen source to supply hydrogen to the anode of the fuel cell stack, so that the hydrogen purges the anode; S215 controls some residual hydrogen recovery devices to be in hydrogen absorption mode; S216, check if the purging time has reached the limit; if not, return to S215. S217, if so, control the hydrogen fuel cell system to shut down.

[0170] In some embodiments of this application, the state of each residual hydrogen recovery device in S202 can be determined based on the state of each residual hydrogen recovery device at the time when the hydrogen fuel cell system was last shut down. For example, at the time when the hydrogen fuel cell system was last shut down, the first residual hydrogen recovery device was in the hydrogen absorption state, the second residual hydrogen recovery device was in the preparation state, and the third residual hydrogen recovery device was in the hydrogen release state. In S202, the first residual hydrogen recovery device can be in the hydrogen absorption state, and the second residual hydrogen recovery device can be in the preparation state.

[0171] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and all should be covered within the scope of this application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way.

Claims

1. A residual hydrogen recovery device for a hydrogen fuel cell system, the hydrogen fuel cell system comprising a hydrogen inlet and an exhaust outlet, characterized in that, The residual hydrogen recovery device includes: The tank has an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet being used to connect to the air outlet, and the air outlet being used to selectively connect to the outside or the hydrogen inlet. A solid hydrogen storage structure is disposed inside the tank. The solid hydrogen storage structure is provided with multiple airflow channels and multiple heat exchange channels that are connected through the solid hydrogen storage structure. The airflow channels are respectively connected to the air inlet and the air outlet.

2. The residual hydrogen recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solid-state hydrogen storage structure includes multiple hydrogen storage units. Each hydrogen storage unit extends along its own axial direction, with one end close to the air inlet and the other end close to the air outlet. The multiple hydrogen storage units are stacked along their own radial direction. All hydrogen storage units have the same cross-sectional area and are all regular hexagonal. The airflow channel and the heat exchange channel are both formed by six hydrogen storage units. The cross-sectional areas of the airflow channel, the heat exchange channel, and the hydrogen storage units are all the same.

3. The residual hydrogen recovery device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inner wall of the tank and the side wall of the solid hydrogen storage structure are spaced apart and together form a chamber. A first heat exchange pipeline is provided in the chamber. The first heat exchange pipeline is in contact with at least two of the hydrogen storage units. The first heat exchange pipeline is configured to flow a heat exchange medium. Both ends of the first heat exchange pipeline pass through the tank.

4. The residual hydrogen recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange channel is configured to allow the flow of heat exchange medium, or a second heat exchange pipeline is provided within the heat exchange channel, with both ends of the second heat exchange pipeline passing through the tank body, and the second heat exchange pipeline is configured to allow the flow of heat exchange medium.

5. The residual hydrogen recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Along the radial direction of the airflow channel, the airflow channel and the heat exchange channel are arranged alternately; Alternatively, along the radial direction of the tank, the airflow channel and the heat exchange channel are arranged alternately.

6. A residual hydrogen recovery system, characterized in that, include: The residual hydrogen recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the number of residual hydrogen recovery devices is at least three, the at least three residual hydrogen recovery devices are arranged in parallel and the operating states of the at least three residual hydrogen recovery devices are different, the air inlet of the residual hydrogen recovery device is connected to the exhaust port of the hydrogen fuel cell system through a pipe equipped with an air inlet valve, and the air outlet of the residual hydrogen recovery device can be selectively connected to the outside or the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell system through a pipe equipped with an air outlet valve.

7. The residual hydrogen recovery system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The residual hydrogen recovery system also includes a fuel cell stack waste heat recovery device and a cooling pipeline. The cooling pipeline is connected to the vehicle's cooling system, and the heat exchange channel can be selectively connected to the fuel cell stack waste heat recovery device or the cooling pipeline.

8. A vehicle comprising a hydrogen fuel cell system and a residual hydrogen recovery system as described in claim 6 or 7.

9. A method for recovering residual hydrogen, used in the residual hydrogen recovery system of claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, include: In response to receiving at least one of the first and second information, the working state of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen release state is switched to the preparation state, the working state of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen absorption state is switched to the hydrogen release state, and the working state of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the control preparation state is switched to the hydrogen absorption state. When the working state is hydrogen release state, the residual hydrogen recovery device is in a high temperature state, the air inlet is closed, and the air outlet is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell system. When the device is in the hydrogen absorption state, the residual hydrogen recovery device is in a low temperature state, the inlet is open, and the outlet is connected to the outside. When the device is in the preparation state, the residual hydrogen recovery device gradually cools down from a high temperature state to a low temperature state, and both the inlet and outlet are closed. The first information indicates that the hydrogen storage capacity of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen release state is less than a first preset value, and the second information indicates that the hydrogen storage capacity of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen absorption state is greater than a second preset value. The first preset value is obtained based on the first initial value and the first performance decay coefficient, and the second preset value is obtained based on the second initial value and the second performance decay coefficient.

10. The residual hydrogen recovery method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The first information includes at least one of the following: The residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen release state has a hydrogen release time longer than a first preset time, a flow rate at the outlet of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen release state is less than a first preset flow rate, a gas pressure at the outlet of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen release state is less than a first preset gas pressure, and a hydrogen release amount of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen release state is greater than a preset hydrogen release amount. The second information includes at least one of the following: The residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen absorption state has the following characteristics: the duration of hydrogen absorption is greater than a second preset duration; the flow rate at the outlet of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen absorption state is greater than a second preset flow rate; the gas pressure at the outlet of the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen absorption state is greater than a second preset gas pressure; and the amount of hydrogen absorbed by the residual hydrogen recovery device in the hydrogen absorption state is greater than a preset amount of hydrogen absorbed.

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