Four-frequency-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle communication system

Abstract

The invention discloses a four-frequency-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for an unmanned aerial vehicle communication system, four frequency bands cover middle and high frequency bands, the omnidirectional antenna comprises a substrate, a plurality of radiators, a feeder line and a grounding plate, the plurality of radiators are arranged on the front surface of the substrate and are sequentially arranged from bottom to top according to the high and low frequency bands, and the feeder line is arranged on the front surface of the substrate. The plurality of radiators are connected through the feeder line, the plurality of radiators form an axial symmetry graph along the feeder line, and the feeder line is connected with the grounding plate located at the bottom of the back surface of the substrate. The four-frequency-band antenna is integrated, the frequency band distribution is wide, it is guaranteed that the four working frequency bands of the unmanned aerial vehicle all present comprehensive radiation, and mutual interference among the antennas is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electronic information, and in particular to a four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for use in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] Communication between the drone and the ground station is a core component of an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS), and the antenna is a key hardware element for achieving reliable and efficient communication. Choosing the right communication antenna directly impacts control distance, video transmission quality, data link stability, and interference resistance. Most common drones communicate with ground control equipment using monopole antennas operating on a single frequency band. Interference with this single-frequency signal can affect the drone's flight safety. Using multiple single-frequency antennas simultaneously can increase the drone's weight requirements; an 800MHz antenna typically requires 190mm in length, occupying more space and increasing costs. Furthermore, mounting multiple antennas on the same platform can cause mutual interference, affecting normal communication and threatening the drone's safety.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a solution for a four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for UAV communication systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above problems, the present invention provides a four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for UAV communication systems, which integrates antennas of four frequency bands, thus solving the problems of large space occupation and mutual interference of multiple single-frequency antennas.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication system is provided. The four bands cover the mid-to-high frequency bands. The omnidirectional antenna includes: a substrate, a plurality of radiators, a feed line, and a ground plane. The plurality of radiators are disposed on the front side of the substrate and arranged sequentially from bottom to top according to the frequency band. The plurality of radiators are connected to each other through the feed line. The plurality of radiators form an axisymmetric pattern along the feed line. The feed line is connected to a ground plane located at the bottom of the back side of the substrate.

[0006] In the above scheme, the radiator covering the mid-to-high frequency band is a loop antenna.

[0007] In the above scheme, the plurality of radiators consists of three radiators, wherein:

[0008] A first radiator is provided on the upper front side of the substrate. The first radiator is rectangular and is used to cover two frequency bands. The first radiator is provided with a groove, which is provided along the bottom edge and two sides of the first radiator to form a first U-shaped groove.

[0009] The substrate has a second radiator in the center of the front side for covering a frequency band. The second radiator is U-shaped and has a second U-shaped groove along the center of the second radiator, so that the second radiator forms a loop antenna.

[0010] The substrate has a third radiator at the bottom front side for covering a frequency band. The third radiator is U-shaped and has a third U-shaped groove along the middle of the third radiator, so that the third radiator forms a loop antenna.

[0011] In the above scheme, the first radiator is used to cover the frequency bands of 840.5-845MHz and 1430-1444MHz.

[0012] In the above scheme, the second radiator is used to cover the frequency band of 2408-2440MHz.

[0013] In the above scheme, the third radiator is used to cover the frequency band of 5200-5800MHz.

[0014] In the above scheme, the length of the first radiator is 30-40mm and the width is 10-15mm, and the length of the first U-shaped groove is 30-40mm and the width is 0.5-2mm.

[0015] In the above scheme, the length of the second radiator is 40-50mm, the length of the vertical single arm is 10-15mm, the horizontal width is 15-25mm, and the width of the second U-shaped groove is 0.3-0.4mm.

[0016] In the above scheme, the length of the third radiator is 20-25mm, the length of the vertical single arm is 5-10mm, the horizontal width is 5-10mm, and the width of the third U-shaped groove is 0.5-1.5mm.

[0017] In the above scheme, the substrate is an FR4 dielectric substrate, the substrate has a length of 80-90mm, a width of 20-30mm, and a thickness of no more than 1mm.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0019] This invention discloses a four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for a drone communication system. It integrates antennas of four frequency bands with a wide frequency distribution, ensuring that all four operating frequency bands of the drone exhibit full radiation and avoiding mutual interference between antennas. The U-shaped slot design increases the current loop length, making the equivalent path longer. This ensures that the radiated current has a sufficiently long path even when the overall size is limited. In addition, the radiation mode of the loop antenna is an integer multiple of half the wavelength, saving half the path compared to 1 / 4 wavelength of monopole or dipole antennas. Therefore, the antenna can be integrated on a substrate smaller than a mobile phone, reducing the weight of the drone and the space occupied. Attached Figure Description

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the front structure of the four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for a drone communication system provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication system provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 A diagram showing the correspondence between the resonators and radiators of each frequency band of the four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for a drone communication system provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 The current diagram corresponding to the resonance of each frequency band of the four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for UAV communication system provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 The efficiency of the four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for UAV communication system provided by the present invention in each frequency band;

[0026] Figure 6 The horizontal radiation pattern of the four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for UAV communication system provided by the present invention in the 840.5-845MHz frequency band;

[0027] Figure 7 The horizontal radiation pattern of the four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for UAV communication system provided by the present invention in the 1430-1444MHz frequency band.

[0028] Figure 8 The horizontal radiation pattern of the four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for UAV communication system provided by the present invention in the 2408-2440MHz frequency band.

[0029] Figure 9 The horizontal radiation pattern of the four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for UAV communication system provided by the present invention in the 5200-5800MHz frequency band.

[0030] Among them, substrate-10; first radiator-20; first U-shaped groove-21; second radiator-30; second U-shaped groove-31; third radiator-40; third U-shaped groove-41; feeder-50; ground plane-60.

[0031] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0032] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this disclosure as detailed in the appended claims.

[0033] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in this disclosure are for distinguishing similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this disclosure described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0034] Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0035] Multiple, including two or more.

[0036] And / or, it should be understood that, for the purposes of this disclosure, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone.

[0037] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, one embodiment of the technical solution of the present invention provides a four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for a UAV communication system. The four bands cover the mid-to-high frequency bands. The omnidirectional antenna includes: a substrate 10, multiple radiators, a feed line 50, and a ground plane 60. The multiple radiators are disposed on the front side of the substrate 10 and arranged in order from bottom to top according to the frequency band. The multiple radiators are connected to each other through the feed line 50. The multiple radiators form an axisymmetric pattern along the feed line 50. The feed line 50 is connected to the ground plane 60 located at the bottom of the back side of the substrate 10.

[0038] The radiator covering the mid-to-high frequency band is a loop antenna. Furthermore, multiple radiators can be configured as three radiators, wherein:

[0039] A first radiator 20 is provided on the upper front side of the substrate 10. The first radiator 20 is rectangular and covers two frequency bands. A groove is provided on the first radiator 20, forming a first U-shaped groove 21 along its bottom edge and two sides. A second radiator 30 is provided in the middle of the front side of the substrate 10, covering one frequency band. The second radiator 30 is U-shaped, and a second U-shaped groove 31 is provided along its middle, making the second radiator 30 a loop antenna. A third radiator 40 is provided at the bottom front side of the substrate 10, covering one frequency band. The third radiator 40 is U-shaped, and a third U-shaped groove 41 is provided along its middle, making the third radiator 40 a loop antenna. Of course, this invention is not limited to setting a four-band antenna; the number of radiators and their size can be increased or decreased according to actual needs to form a three-band, five-band, or other multi-band antenna, and the required frequency band range can be selected according to actual usage.

[0040] This invention integrates antennas in four frequency bands with a wide frequency distribution, ensuring that all four operating frequency bands of the UAV radiate fully, avoiding mutual interference between antennas. The U-shaped slot design increases the current loop length, making the equivalent path longer. This ensures that the radiated current has a sufficiently long path even when the overall size is limited. In addition, the radiation mode of the loop antenna is an integer multiple of half the wavelength, saving half the path compared to 1 / 4 wavelength of monopole or dipole antennas. Therefore, the weight of the UAV is reduced and the space occupied is reduced.

[0041] The first radiator 20, the second radiator 30, and the third radiator 40 form an axisymmetric shape along the feed line 50. Since a normal loop antenna requires a feed line 50 and a ground wire, this invention improves the connection structure of the loop antenna by combining the feed line 50 and the ground wire, simultaneously completing power feeding and grounding through a single path, eliminating the need for a separate grounding point. The electrical point of the feed line 50 is designed at the exact center of the first radiator 20, the second radiator 30, and the third radiator 40, with left-right height symmetry, ensuring omnidirectional radiation of the antenna.

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown, the horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz. The first radiator 20 is used to cover the frequency bands of 840.5-845MHz and 1430-1444MHz. Specifically, the 840.5-845MHz resonance is generated by the edges of the first radiator 20 and the feed line 50. By etching a first U-shaped groove 21 on the first radiator 20, a new current path is introduced, generating a new resonance without adding a new radiator. The 1430-1444MHz resonance is generated by the 1 / 4 wavelength mode of the U-shaped groove edges on both sides of the first radiator 20.

[0043] The second radiator 30 is used to cover the 2408-2440MHz frequency band. Specifically, the 2408-2440MHz resonance is generated by half the wavelength of the loop antenna of the second radiator 30.

[0044] The third radiator 40 is used to cover the 5200-5800MHz frequency band. Specifically, the 5200-5800MHz resonance is generated by half the wavelength of the loop antenna of the third radiator 40.

[0045] In this invention, a loop antenna is used in the mid-to-high frequency band, which can effectively reduce the length of the radiator and ensure the efficiency of the antenna.

[0046] The length of the first radiator 20 is 30-40 mm and the width is 10-15 mm, and the length of the first U-shaped groove 21 is 30-40 mm and the width is 0.5-2 mm. Preferably, the length of the first radiator 20 is 36 mm and the width is 13 mm, and the length of the first U-shaped groove 21 is 33 mm and the width is 1 mm.

[0047] The length of the second radiator 30 is 40-50 mm, the vertical single-arm length (i.e., the vertical length of the structure formed by the second radiator 30) is 10-15 mm, the horizontal width is 15-25 mm, and the width of the second U-shaped groove 31 is 0.3-0.4 mm. Preferably, the length of the second radiator 30 is 48 mm, the vertical single-arm length is 14 mm, the horizontal width is 20 mm, and the width of the second U-shaped groove 31 is 0.37 mm.

[0048] The length of the third radiator 40 is 20-25 mm, the vertical single arm length (i.e., the structure formed by the third radiator 40) is 5-10 mm in the vertical direction and 5-10 mm in the horizontal direction. The width of the third U-shaped groove 41 is 0.5-1.5 mm. Preferably, the length of the third radiator 40 is 21 mm, the vertical single arm length is 6 mm, the horizontal width is 9 mm, and the width of the third U-shaped groove 41 is 1 mm.

[0049] Preferably, the grounding plate 60 is made of copper.

[0050] The substrate 10 is an FR4 dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.65 and a loss tangent of 0.02. The substrate 10 has a length of 80-90 mm, a width of 20-30 mm, and a thickness not exceeding 1 mm. Preferably, the substrate 10 has a length of 86 mm, a width of 24 mm, and a thickness of 0.5 mm. The overall size is less than that of a mobile phone, making it convenient for drones to carry. Furthermore, the antenna of this invention is typically mounted on the belly, back, or landing gear of the drone.

[0051] Multi-frequency simulations were performed using the CST time-domain solver, and adaptive mesh optimization was enabled to ensure simulation accuracy. The following results were obtained:

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown, experiments have proven that the closer the color is to red, the stronger the current intensity, which is the area where the antenna mainly generates radiation. Therefore, it can be determined that the radiation in the 840.5-845MHz band is generated by the rectangular patch and the feed line below it; the radiation in the 1430-1444MHz band is generated by the 1 / 4 wavelength mode located at the edges of the U-shaped slots on both sides of the rectangular patch; the radiation in the 2408-2440MHz band is generated by the 1 / 2 wavelength mode of the central loop antenna; and the radiation in the 5200-5800MHz band is generated by the 1 / 2 wavelength mode of the lower loop antenna.

[0053] like Figure 5 As shown, the antenna's radiation efficiency is better than -3dB in all frequency bands, indicating that the resonance in each frequency band is effective radiation and is not caused by anything else.

[0054] like Figures 6-9 As shown, Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing a frequency range of 840.5-845MHz, a main lobe amplitude of 1.64dBi, and a main lobe direction of 180°. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing a frequency range of 1430-1444MHz, a main lobe amplitude of 0.351dBi, and a main lobe direction of 107°. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing a frequency range of 2408-2440MHz, a main lobe amplitude of 2.03dBi, and a main lobe direction of 180°. Figure 9 The diagram shows the antenna of the present invention with a frequency range of 5200-5800MHz, a main lobe amplitude of 2.79dBi, and a main lobe direction of 180°; it can be seen that the antenna of the present invention has good omnidirectionality in all frequency bands.

[0055] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0056] The sequence numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0057] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above implementation methods can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes several instructions to cause a terminal (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, air conditioner, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0058] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these forms are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication system, characterized in that, The four frequency bands cover the mid-to-high frequency bands. The omnidirectional antenna includes: a substrate, multiple radiators, a feed line, and a ground plane. The multiple radiators are disposed on the front side of the substrate and arranged sequentially from bottom to top according to the frequency band. The multiple radiators are connected to each other through the feed line. The multiple radiators form an axisymmetric pattern along the feed line. The feed line is connected to the ground plane located at the bottom of the back side of the substrate.

2. The four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiator covering the mid-to-high frequency band is a loop antenna.

3. The four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of radiators consists of three radiators, wherein: A first radiator is provided on the upper front side of the substrate. The first radiator is rectangular and is used to cover two frequency bands. The first radiator is provided with a groove, which is provided along the bottom edge and two sides of the first radiator to form a first U-shaped groove. The substrate has a second radiator in the center of the front side for covering a frequency band. The second radiator is U-shaped and has a second U-shaped groove along the center of the second radiator, so that the second radiator forms a loop antenna. The substrate has a third radiator at the bottom front side for covering a frequency band. The third radiator is U-shaped and has a third U-shaped groove along the middle of the third radiator, so that the third radiator forms a loop antenna.

4. The four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first radiator is used to cover the frequency bands of 840.5-845MHz and 1430-1444MHz.

5. The four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second radiator is used to cover the frequency band of 2408-2440MHz.

6. The four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The third radiator is used to cover the frequency band of 5200-5800MHz.

7. The four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The length of the first radiator is 30-40 mm and the width is 10-15 mm, and the length of the first U-shaped groove is 30-40 mm and the width is 0.5-2 mm.

8. The four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second radiator has a length of 40-50 mm, a vertical single arm length of 10-15 mm, a horizontal width of 15-25 mm, and a width of 0.3-0.4 mm for the second U-shaped groove.

9. The four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The length of the third radiator is 20-25mm, the length of the vertical single arm is 5-10mm, the horizontal width is 5-10mm, and the width of the third U-shaped groove is 0.5-1.5mm.

10. The four-band airborne miniaturized omnidirectional antenna for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate is an FR4 dielectric substrate, with a length of 80-90mm, a width of 20-30mm, and a thickness not exceeding 1mm.

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