Antenna device

Abstract

The invention discloses an antenna device, which comprises a circuit board, a first radiation unit and a second radiation unit, and is characterized in that the circuit board is a radio frequency circuit board; the first radiating unit comprises a first radiating body and a first micro-strip feeder line, the first micro-strip feeder line is a LoRa micro-strip feeder line, and the first radiating body is electrically connected with a feeding point of the circuit board through the first micro-strip feeder line. The second radiating unit is arranged between the first radiating body and the circuit board, forms electromagnetic coupling with the first radiating body and is used for exciting the first radiating body to work in an L1 frequency band of the GNSS; wherein when the antenna device is in a working state, the second radiation unit works in an L2 frequency band of the GNSS, the first radiation body works in a LoRa frequency band through direct connection feed of the first microstrip feed line and the circuit board, and the first radiation body further has a response characteristic to an L1 frequency band of the GNSS and receives or sends an L1 frequency band signal of the GNSS under electromagnetic coupling excitation of the second radiation unit. Therefore, the size of the antenna device is small.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna device. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology, high-precision positioning equipment (such as RTK devices) has been widely used in surveying, drones, and autonomous driving. At the same time, the Internet of Things (IoT) and Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) communication technologies (such as LoRa) are rapidly gaining popularity, prompting terminal devices to develop towards multi-functional integration and miniaturization. In practical applications, an increasing number of terminal devices need to simultaneously support GNSS positioning and remote communication functions (such as LoRa). Therefore, achieving efficient integration of GNSS antennas and communication antennas within a limited space has become one of the key design challenges.

[0003] However, traditional solutions typically employ multiple independent antennas for different GNSS frequency bands (such as L1 and L2 bands) and communication frequency bands (such as LoRa), resulting in a large antenna device size. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an antenna device that can improve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] This application provides an antenna device, including:

[0006] The circuit board is an radio frequency (RF) circuit board.

[0007] The first radiating unit includes a first radiator and a first microstrip feed line. The first microstrip feed line is a LoRa microstrip feed line. The first radiator is electrically connected to the feed point of the circuit board through the first microstrip feed line.

[0008] The second radiating element is disposed between the first radiator and the circuit board, and forms an electromagnetic coupling with the first radiator to excite the first radiator to operate in the L1 band of GNSS. When the antenna device is in operation, the second radiating element operates in the L2 band of GNSS, and the first radiator operates in the LoRa band through a direct connection between the first microstrip feeder and the circuit board. The first radiator also has response characteristics to the L1 band of GNSS and receives or transmits L1 band signals of GNSS under the electromagnetic coupling excitation of the second radiating element.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first radiator includes a first dielectric layer and a radiating layer stacked sequentially, with the radiating layer located on the side of the first dielectric layer facing away from the second radiating unit;

[0010] The first radiator is provided with a power feed via, which passes through the first dielectric layer and the radiating layer. One end of the first microstrip feed line passes through the power feed via and is electrically connected to the radiating layer. The other end of the first microstrip feed line is electrically connected to the power feed point of the circuit board.

[0011] In some embodiments, the second radiating element includes two second radiators arranged vertically.

[0012] In some embodiments, the second radiator includes a second dielectric layer, two oscillator arms, and a second microstrip feed line. The second dielectric layer has a first surface and a second surface facing away from each other. The two oscillator arms are symmetrically arranged on the first surface. Each oscillator arm is provided with a grounding part. Each oscillator arm is electrically connected to the circuit board through a corresponding grounding part.

[0013] The second microstrip feed line is disposed on the second surface. One end of the second microstrip feed line is electrically connected to the power supply point of the circuit board, and the other end of the second microstrip feed line is spaced apart from the circuit board.

[0014] In some embodiments, the second radiator includes a second dielectric layer, two second oscillator arms, and a second microstrip feed line. The second dielectric layer has a first surface and a second surface facing away from each other, and the two oscillator arms are respectively disposed on the first surface and the second surface.

[0015] The oscillator arm, which is located on the first surface, is provided with a grounding part, and the oscillator arm is electrically connected to the circuit board through the grounding part;

[0016] The second microstrip feed line is disposed on the second surface. One end of the second microstrip feed line is electrically connected to the circuit board, and the other end of the second microstrip feed line is electrically connected to the vibrator arm located on the second surface.

[0017] In some embodiments, the edge of the radiation layer is provided with multiple slits;

[0018] Each second dielectric layer has a positioning protrusion on the side facing the first radiating unit, each positioning protrusion corresponds to a gap, and each positioning protrusion passes through the first dielectric layer and the corresponding gap.

[0019] In some embodiments, the oscillator arm includes an oscillator body and an arc-shaped portion, a rectangular branch portion, and a mating portion, all connected to the oscillator body. The rectangular branch portion and the mating portion are located at opposite ends of the oscillator body, respectively. The rectangular branch portion is located on the side of the oscillator arm away from the first microstrip feed line. The arc-shaped portion is connected between the rectangular branch portion and the connecting portion. The arc-shaped portion is located on the side of the oscillator body away from the circuit board.

[0020] The mating part of each oscillator arm is connected to the corresponding grounding part and has a gap with the grounding part.

[0021] In some implementations, the first microstrip feed is disposed in one of the second dielectric layers.

[0022] In some embodiments, the antenna device further includes a plurality of chokes spaced apart on a circuit board to change the beamwidth of the antenna device.

[0023] In some implementations, the choke is a metal choke plate or a technical choke post.

[0024] The antenna device provided in this application includes a circuit board, a first radiating element, and a second radiating element. The circuit board is a radio frequency circuit board. The first radiating element includes a first radiator and a first microstrip feed line. The first microstrip feed line is a LoRa microstrip feed line. The first radiator is electrically connected to the feed point of the circuit board through the first microstrip feed line. The second radiating element is disposed between the first radiator and the circuit board, and forms an electromagnetic coupling with the first radiator to excite the first radiator to operate in the L1 band of GNSS. When the antenna device is in operation, the second radiating element operates in the L2 band of GNSS, and the first radiator operates in the LoRa band through the direct feed of the first microstrip feed line to the circuit board. The first radiator also has response characteristics to the L1 band of GNSS and receives or transmits L1 band signals of GNSS under the electromagnetic coupling excitation of the second radiating element. In this way, the antenna device achieves simultaneous response to LoRa communication band and L1 band signals of GNSS by setting the first radiator, completing the multiplexing of two functions on a single radiating structure. The first radiator establishes a direct feed connection with the feed point on the circuit board via a LoRa microstrip feed line, enabling it to operate efficiently in the LoRa communication band (470–510MHz). Simultaneously, this radiator possesses good response capability to the GNSS L1 band (1540–1610MHz) in terms of structural size and electromagnetic characteristics. The second radiating element is positioned between the first radiator and the circuit board, forming an electromagnetic coupling with the first radiator. While operating in the GNSS L2 band (1164–1278MHz), it excites the first radiator to respond to L1 band signals. This design allows the first radiator to effectively receive or transmit GNSS L1 band signals even without an independent feed path, thus avoiding the structural complexity and large space occupation problems caused by setting up separate antennas for each frequency band in traditional solutions. This integrated design not only significantly reduces the number of antennas but also reduces the layout difficulty and manufacturing cost of the terminal device's RF front-end. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first radiating unit.

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second radiator.

[0029] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second radiator from another perspective.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna device according to another embodiment of this application.

[0031] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second radiator.

[0032] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second radiator from another perspective.

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna device according to another embodiment of this application.

[0034] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0035] 10. Antenna assembly; 100. Circuit board; 200. First radiating element; 210. First radiator; 211. First dielectric layer; 212. Radiating layer; 212a. Slot; 213. Feed via; 220. First microstrip feed line; 300. Second radiating element; 310. Second radiator; 311. Second dielectric layer; 311a. First surface; 311b. Second surface; 311c. Positioning protrusion; 312. Vibrator arm; 312a. Vibrator body; 312b. Arc-shaped part; 312c. Rectangular branch part; 312d. Mating part; 312e. Gap; 313. Second microstrip feed line; 314. Grounding part; 400. Choke.

[0036] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] Where the following description relates to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0039] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances. Furthermore, in the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0040] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0041] With the continuous development of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology, high-precision positioning equipment (such as RTK devices) has been widely used in surveying, drones, and autonomous driving. At the same time, the Internet of Things (IoT) and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) communication technologies (such as LoRa) are rapidly gaining popularity, prompting terminal devices to develop towards multi-functional integration and miniaturization. In practical applications, an increasing number of terminal devices need to simultaneously support GNSS positioning and remote communication functions (such as LoRa). Therefore, achieving efficient integration of GNSS and communication antennas within a limited space has become one of the key design challenges. However, the inventors discovered that traditional solutions typically use multiple independent antennas for different GNSS frequency bands (such as L1 and L2 bands) and communication frequency bands (such as LoRa), resulting in a large antenna device size.

[0042] In view of this, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2This application provides an antenna device 10, which includes a circuit board 100, a first radiating element 200, and a second radiating element 300. The circuit board 100 is a radio frequency circuit board. The first radiating element 200 includes a first radiator 210 and a first microstrip feed line 220. The first microstrip feed line 220 is a LoRa microstrip feed line. The first radiator 210 is electrically connected to the feed point of the circuit board 100 through the first microstrip feed line 220. The second radiating element 300 is disposed between the first radiator 210 and the circuit board 100, and forms an electromagnetic coupling with the first radiator 210 to excite the first radiator 210 to operate in the L1 band of GNSS. When the antenna device 10 is in operation, the second radiating element 300 operates in the L2 band of GNSS, and the first radiator 210 operates in the LoRa band through a direct connection between the first microstrip feed line 220 and the circuit board 100. The first radiator 210 also has response characteristics to the L1 band of GNSS and receives or transmits GNSS L1 band signals under the electromagnetic coupling excitation of the second radiating element 300.

[0043] Thus, the antenna device 10 achieves simultaneous response to LoRa communication band and GNSS L1 band signals by setting the first radiator 210, completing the multiplexing of two functions on a single radiating structure. The first radiator 210 establishes a direct feed connection with the feed point on the circuit board 100 through a LoRa microstrip feed line, enabling it to operate efficiently in the LoRa communication band (470–510MHz). Simultaneously, the first radiator 210 possesses good response capability to the GNSS L1 band (1540–1610MHz) in terms of structural size and electromagnetic characteristics. The second radiating element 300 is disposed between the first radiator 210 and the circuit board 100, and forms electromagnetic coupling with the first radiator 210, operating in the GNSS L2 band (1164MHz).

[0044] Simultaneously, the first radiator 210 is excited to respond to the L1 band signal (1278MHz), enabling the first radiator 210 to effectively receive or transmit GNSS L1 band signals even without an independent feed path. This avoids the problems of structural complexity and large space occupation caused by setting up a separate antenna for each frequency band in traditional solutions. The integrated design of the antenna device 10 in this application not only significantly reduces the number of antennas but also reduces the layout difficulty and manufacturing cost of the antenna device in the RF front-end of terminal equipment.

[0045] In addition, the second radiating unit 300 is disposed between the first radiator 210 and the circuit board 100, making full use of the stacked space and not occupying additional planar area of ​​the circuit board 100, thereby making the structure of the antenna device 10 more compact.

[0046] Furthermore, the second radiating element 300 forms an electromagnetic coupling with the first radiator 210, so that while the first radiator 210 is excited to operate in the L1 band of GNSS, it does not affect its operation in the LoRa band via direct feeding. This indirect coupling excitation method not only simplifies the feeding structure but also enhances the isolation and coexistence performance between different frequency bands.

[0047] Meanwhile, the first radiator 210 is structurally designed to respond to the L1 band of GNSS, enabling it to stably receive or transmit L1 band signals; the second radiating element 300 focuses on the L2 band of GNSS. The two elements work together to improve GNSS positioning accuracy and reliability, meeting the requirements of high-precision positioning equipment (such as RTK equipment) for dual-frequency GNSS signal reception.

[0048] Understandably, in the operating state of the antenna device 10, the first radiator 210 is electrically connected to the feed point of the circuit board 100 via a LoRa microstrip feed line, thus operating in the LoRa frequency band. Simultaneously, the second radiating element 300 operates in the L2 frequency band of GNSS. Due to the electromagnetic coupling between the second radiating element 300 and the first radiator 210, the first radiator 210 receives additional energy input, enabling it to receive or transmit signals in the L1 frequency band. This allows a single radiator to operate efficiently in different frequency bands, significantly reducing the overall size of the antenna device 10 and improving space utilization.

[0049] The circuit board 100 serves as the basic platform for the entire antenna device 10, supporting all electronic components and the feeding structure. The circuit board 100 has specific feed points for connecting to the first microstrip feed line 220 of the first radiating element 200. The design of these feed points ensures that radio frequency signals can be efficiently transmitted to the first radiator 210, thereby enabling operation in the LoRa band.

[0050] The first radiating unit 200 consists of a first radiator 210 and a first microstrip feed line 220. The first microstrip feed line 220 is a LoRa microstrip feed line, responsible for directly transmitting radio frequency signals from the feed point on the circuit board 100 to the first radiator 210. The first radiator 210 operates in the LoRa band through this direct-connection feeding method. In addition, the first radiator 210 also has response characteristics to the L1 band of GNSS, and can receive or transmit L1 band signals of GNSS under the electromagnetic coupling excitation of the second radiating unit 300.

[0051] In some embodiments, the first radiator 210 includes a first dielectric layer 211 and a radiating layer 212 stacked sequentially. The radiating layer 212 is located on one side of the first dielectric layer 211, specifically on the side away from the second radiating unit 300. This layered design facilitates compatibility with multi-band signals and improves the feasibility of manufacturing processes.

[0052] The first radiator 210 is provided with a power feed via 213, which penetrates the first dielectric layer 211 and the radiating layer 212. The power feed via 213 is used to achieve electrical connection, ensuring that signals can be transmitted from the circuit board 100 to the first radiator 210. One end of the first microstrip feed line 220 passes through the power feed via 213 and forms a reliable electrical connection with the radiating layer 212. The other end of the first microstrip feed line 220 extends to the circuit board 100 and connects to the power feed point on the circuit board 100, thereby establishing a complete telecommunication path.

[0053] The first microstrip feed line 220 effectively transmits LoRa band signals to the first radiator 210, enabling the first radiator 210 to operate normally in the LoRa band. Simultaneously, the presence of the feed via 213 enhances the stability and mechanical strength of the feed structure, contributing to improved overall performance and reliability of the antenna device 10.

[0054] Please see Figures 1 to 4 In some embodiments, the second radiating element 300 includes two second radiators 310. The two second radiators 310 are arranged in mutually perpendicular directions to form an orthogonal structure. This orthogonal arrangement enables the two second radiators 310 to achieve spatial orthogonal polarization in the L2 band of GNSS, improving the antenna device 10's ability to receive signals from different directions and enhancing polarization diversity.

[0055] Each second radiator 310 is made of conductive material, such as a metal strip structure or a copper-clad microstrip structure, the specific form of which can be selected according to the actual processing technology and performance requirements. The two second radiators 310 are respectively connected to independent feed paths on the circuit board 100, receiving or transmitting L2 band signals through their respective feed structures. The two orthogonally arranged second radiators 310 together form a half-wave oscillator structure, which can effectively excite the first radiator 210 and, under the action of electromagnetic coupling, make the first radiator 210 respond to the L1 band signal of GNSS.

[0056] This improves the radiation efficiency and directivity of the antenna device 10 in the L2 band and provides a physical basis for achieving circular or bilinear polarization characteristics. By rationally designing the feed network, the phase difference and power distribution between the two signals can be controlled, thereby meeting the polarization requirements of different satellite navigation systems.

[0057] In some embodiments, the second radiator 310 includes a second dielectric layer 311, two transducer arms 312, and a second microstrip feed line 313. The second dielectric layer 311 has a first surface 311a and a second surface 311b disposed opposite to each other. The two transducer arms 312 are symmetrically disposed on the first surface 311a of the second dielectric layer 311 and are mirror-distributed along the central axis of the dielectric layer. Each transducer arm 312 is provided with a grounding portion 314, which is used to realize the electrical connection between the transducer arm 312 and the circuit board 100, ensuring structural stability and radio frequency performance.

[0058] The vibrating arm 312 is made of a conductive material, such as copper foil or a metal strip structure, and its length is designed to be approximately one-quarter of the wavelength according to the operating wavelength of the L2 band of GNSS, in order to support efficient electromagnetic radiation and reception functions. The grounding part 314 extends from one end of the vibrating arm 312 and is directly soldered or connected to the ground plane of the circuit board 100 through a conductive structure, forming a low-impedance grounding path, which helps to improve the radiation efficiency and impedance matching performance of the antenna device 10.

[0059] The second microstrip feed line 313 is disposed on the second surface 311b of the second dielectric layer 311, forming spatial isolation with the vibrator arm 312 on the first surface 311a. One end of the second microstrip feed line 313 is connected to the feed point on the circuit board 100, while the other end remains suspended and does not contact the circuit board 100 or other conductors. This suspended structure constitutes an open-circuit terminal, which, together with the ground part 314, forms a balun structure to achieve coupled or balanced feeding of the vibrator arm 312, thereby driving the two vibrator arms 312 to generate equal-amplitude, opposite-phase current distributions and exciting the radiation of L2 band signals.

[0060] Please see Figures 5 to 7 In some embodiments, the second radiator 310 includes a second dielectric layer 311, two dipole arms 312, and a second microstrip feed line 313. The second dielectric layer 311 has a first surface 311a and a second surface 311b that are opposite to each other. The two dipole arms 312 are respectively disposed on the two surfaces of the dielectric layer, that is, one dipole arm 312 is located on the first surface 311a and the other dipole arm 312 is located on the second surface 311b. The two dipole arms 312 are symmetrically arranged along the center of the dielectric layer to form a spatially symmetrical structure, which is beneficial to achieving balanced excitation and efficient radiation of the antenna device 10 in the L2 band of GNSS.

[0061] The vibrating arm 312 located on the first surface 311a is provided with a grounding part 314. The grounding part 314 is led out from one end or the middle of the vibrating arm 312 and electrically connected to the ground plane of the circuit board 100 by welding or other conductive connection methods, providing a stable grounding path, thereby improving the impedance matching performance and radiation efficiency of the antenna device 10.

[0062] The second microstrip feed line 313 is disposed on the second surface 311b of the second dielectric layer 311 and is directly electrically connected to the vibrator arm 312 located on this surface. One end of the second microstrip feed line 313 extends to the circuit board 100 and is connected to the feed point on the circuit board 100 to form a signal input / output channel; the other end is directly connected to the corresponding vibrator arm 312 to transmit the radio frequency signal to the vibrator arm 312, thereby achieving effective excitation of the L2 frequency band. This connection method is a direct-connection feed structure, which shortens the signal transmission path, improves the feed efficiency, and reduces the complexity of processing and assembly.

[0063] This direct-feed method enables the vibrating arm 312 to receive RF energy from the feed network more efficiently, improving the radiation efficiency and operational stability of the second radiating element 300 in the L2 band. The spatially orthogonal arrangement of the two vibrating arms 312 further enhances the polarization diversity and directional stability of the antenna device 10 in dual-band GNSS applications. Figure 1 To the point of being responsive.

[0064] Please see Figures 1 to 3 In some embodiments, the edge of the radiating layer 212 is provided with a plurality of slots 212a. These slots 212a are uniformly distributed along the outer periphery of the radiating layer 212 or arranged according to actual electromagnetic performance requirements, and are used to adjust the current path and radiation characteristics of the antenna in different frequency bands, thereby optimizing the operating performance of the first radiator 210 in the L1 band and LoRa band of GNSS.

[0065] Each second dielectric layer 311 has a positioning protrusion 311c protruding from the side facing the first radiating unit 200. The positioning protrusion 311c extends from the surface of the second dielectric layer 311, points towards the first radiator 210, and is aligned with the first dielectric layer 211 and the radiating layer 212. Each positioning protrusion 311c corresponds to a slot 212a provided on the radiating layer 212, and each positioning protrusion 311c is sequentially inserted into the first dielectric layer 211 and the corresponding slot 212a.

[0066] The positioning protrusion 311c not only serves a mechanical fixing function, precisely defining the relative position between the second radiating element 300 and the first radiating element 200, but also enhances the structural stability and assembly consistency of the entire antenna device 10. Simultaneously, the fit between the positioning protrusion 311c and the slot 212a helps improve the electrical isolation between the multi-layer structures, reduces unnecessary electromagnetic coupling interference, and further improves the antenna's multi-band matching performance and polarization purity.

[0067] Please see Figure 3In some embodiments, the oscillator arm 312 includes an oscillator body 312a and an arc-shaped portion 312b, a rectangular branch portion 312c, and a mating portion 312d connected to the oscillator body 312a. The oscillator body 312a serves as the main radiating structure, undertaking the function of transmitting and receiving L2 band signals of GNSS. The arc-shaped portion 312b, the rectangular branch portion 312c, and the mating portion 312d extend from different positions of the oscillator body 312a, forming a composite structure with specific electromagnetic properties.

[0068] The rectangular stub 312c and the mating part 312d are respectively disposed at both ends of the vibrator body 312a and located on opposite sides. The rectangular stub 312c is located on the side of the vibrator arm 312 away from the first microstrip feed line 220. Its geometry is rectangular, and it is used to adjust the input impedance and operating frequency band of the vibrator arm 312 to enhance the matching performance of the antenna in the L2 band. The arc-shaped part 312b connects the rectangular stub 312c and the mating part 312d and is located on the side of the vibrator body 312a away from the circuit board 100. Its curved structure helps to improve the current distribution and enhance the radiation efficiency and directivity of the antenna.

[0069] Each vibrator arm 312 has a mating part 312d connected to a corresponding grounding part 314, with a gap 312e between the mating part 312d and the grounding part 314. The existence of this gap 312e changes the current path under the traditional direct grounding method. By reasonably designing the width of the gap 312e, the resonant frequency and bandwidth characteristics of the antenna can be further optimized, while also helping to suppress unnecessary parasitic resonances and improve the overall operating stability and polarization purity of the antenna.

[0070] This gives the vibrator arm 312 more flexible electrical tuning capabilities, enabling more precise frequency response control in the L2 band without changing the overall size. The combined effect of these components further enhances the multi-polarization compatibility and spatial adaptability of the second radiating element 300 in dual-frequency GNSS applications.

[0071] In some embodiments, a first microstrip feed line 220 is disposed on one of the second dielectric layers 311. This second dielectric layer 311 is part of a second radiating element 300 and has a first surface 311a and a second surface 311b disposed opposite to each other. One oscillator arm 312 is disposed on the first surface 311a, and the other oscillator arm 312 is disposed on the second surface 311b. The first microstrip feed line 220 is arranged on the surface of the second dielectric layer 311, specifically on the side associated with the feed path.

[0072] The first microstrip feed line 220 serves as the transmission channel for LoRa band signals. One end of it is connected to the feed point on the circuit board 100, and the other end extends and is electrically connected to the first radiator 210. By integrating the first microstrip feed line 220 onto the second dielectric layer 311, the existing dielectric structure of the second radiating element 300 can be fully utilized, reducing the use of additional support materials, thereby simplifying the overall structural layout of the antenna device 10 and improving space utilization and assembly efficiency.

[0073] This arrangement creates a good spatial coordination between the first microstrip feed line 220 and the second radiating element 300, which helps optimize the routing design of the feed path, reduce electromagnetic interference, and improve feed stability. Simultaneously, this structure facilitates electrical interconnection and mechanical fixation between multi-layer antenna components, enhancing the reliability of the entire antenna device 10 in complex operating environments.

[0074] In some embodiments, the antenna device 10 further includes a plurality of chokes 400. These chokes 400 are arranged at intervals on the circuit board 100 around the periphery of the first radiating element 200 and the second radiating element 300. The chokes 400 are made of conductive material, such as metal pillars or metal sheets, and their height and number can be adjusted according to actual electromagnetic performance requirements.

[0075] The main function of the choke 400 is to regulate the radiation pattern of the antenna device 10 by influencing the distribution of the current on the surface of the radiating element. Specifically, the choke 400 can suppress the concentrated flow of current in a specific direction, thereby changing the pointing characteristics of the main beam and effectively expanding the effective beamwidth of the antenna device 10. For example, without the choke 400, the beamwidth of the antenna device 10 may only be about 70°; however, with the proper configuration of multiple chokes 400, the beamwidth can be widened to 102° or even wider, significantly improving the signal reception capability of the antenna device 10 in the low elevation angle region and enhancing the stability and coverage of satellite search.

[0076] The chokes 400 are preferably distributed uniformly on the circuit board 100 to ensure symmetry and consistency of the radiation pattern. One end of each choke 400 is fixed to the circuit board 100, and the other end extends toward the radiating unit, forming a local modulation effect on the propagation path of electromagnetic waves.

[0077] In this way, without adding an extra power supply circuit, effective control of the antenna pattern is achieved, enhancing the adaptability of the antenna device 10 in complex electromagnetic environments, and making it particularly suitable for GNSS positioning applications that require wide-angle coverage and high stability.

[0078] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 8In some embodiments, the choke 400 is made of metal, specifically including but not limited to a metal choke plate or a metal choke post. Both of these structures can effectively affect the distribution of the surface current of the antenna device 10, thereby achieving control over the radiation pattern.

[0079] The metal choke pillars are columnar structures, typically vertically mounted on the circuit board 100, and distributed in a ring or at equal intervals around the first radiating unit 200 and the second radiating unit 300. The height of each metal choke pillar can be adjusted according to the required beamwidth control; the higher the pillar, the stronger the disturbance to the current path and the more significant the beamwidth broadening effect. The metal choke pillars have a simple structure, are easy to manufacture, and are suitable for mass production scenarios.

[0080] The metal choke is a sheet-like structure, vertically positioned along the surface of the circuit board 100. Its shape can be rectangular, arc-shaped, or other forms adapted to electromagnetic performance requirements. Compared to choke posts, chokes have a larger surface area, enabling them to generate stronger local reflection and scattering effects in electromagnetic fields, further optimizing the antenna's pattern symmetry and low elevation gain performance.

[0081] Thus, regardless of whether a metal choke post or a metal choke plate is used, the main beamwidth is extended by changing the current distribution. For example, without the choke 400, the antenna beamwidth is approximately 70°; however, with the proper arrangement of multiple metal chokes 400, the beamwidth can be effectively widened to over 102°, significantly improving the antenna's satellite search capability and signal reception stability in low elevation regions. Furthermore, without changing the original feeding structure or adding additional electronic components, flexible adjustment of the antenna radiation characteristics is achieved, enhancing the adaptability of the antenna device 10 in complex environments.

[0082] In some embodiments, the antenna device 10 also includes a feed network, which is a key component of the antenna device 10 responsible for distributing radio frequency signals to different radiating elements. Therefore, it is typically integrated on the circuit board 100 to ensure efficient signal transmission from the signal source (such as a transceiver module) to each radiating element via the feed network. The feed network is used to control the signal excitation relationship between the two dipole arms 312 in the second radiating element 300. When the antenna device 10 operates in the L2 band of GNSS, the feed network distributes the radio frequency signal to the two orthogonally arranged dipole arms 312 and adjusts the power distribution ratio and phase difference between the two signals to enable the second radiating element 300 to form the required polarization characteristics. This polarization directly affects the antenna's reception efficiency and anti-interference capability for satellite navigation signals.

[0083] In some implementations, the feed network includes a 3dB bridge and two 50-ohm microstrip lines. The 3dB bridge has four ports: input, through, coupling, and isolation. When the RF signal enters from the input, the energy is evenly distributed to the through and coupling ports, and a fixed 90° phase difference is formed between the two output signals. Subsequently, these two signals are transmitted to the corresponding vibrator arms 312 via a 50-ohm microstrip line to excite the second radiating element 300. This structure can effectively generate right-hand circular polarization, exhibiting good polarization purity and directionality in L1 / L2 dual-band GNSS applications. Figure 1 To the point of being responsive.

[0084] In some implementations, the feed network employs a structure combining a microstrip power divider and a phase shifter. The microstrip power divider splits the input signal into two outputs, and different power distribution ratios can be set as needed. For example, a 1:1 equal power distribution is typically used in GNSS applications. The phase shifter connects the output of the power divider to the vibrator arm 312 to introduce a phase difference at a specific angle. By adjusting the length of the phase shifter, a phase difference of 0° / -90° or 0° / 90° can be achieved, thereby forming right-hand circular polarization or left-hand circular polarization, respectively. Furthermore, if the two signals maintain the same phase (i.e., 0° / 0°), two orthogonal linear polarization modes can be excited, suitable for the communication requirements of specific satellite systems.

[0085] The aforementioned feeding networks are all adaptable to the feeding requirements of the dipole arm 312 in the second radiating element 300, supporting both coupled feeding methods and direct-connected feeding structures. The rational design of the feeding network not only improves the matching performance and polarization control capability of the antenna in GNSS dual-band, but also enhances the adaptability and stability of the antenna device 10 in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0086] In some embodiments, the shape of the first radiator 210 is not limited to a circular structure, but can adopt various geometric shapes adapted to electromagnetic performance according to actual application requirements. For example, the first radiator 210 can be circular, rectangular, hexagonal, or other regular or irregular polygons. The specific shape is mainly optimized and adjusted based on the designed operating frequency, spatial layout constraints, and manufacturing process conditions. The first radiator 210 is preferably made of conductive material, such as a metal sheet or a copper-clad structure on a dielectric substrate. This structural form not only facilitates processing and manufacturing, but also facilitates the formation of stable electrical connections and mechanical support relationships with other antenna components (such as the second radiating element 300, the choke element 400, etc.).

[0087] In some implementations, the number of chokes 400 is not limited to a specific value, but can be adjusted according to actual electromagnetic performance requirements. For example, the number of chokes 400 can be 4, 6, 8, or even more. The more chokes there are, the stronger the disturbance to the current path, thereby further widening the main lobe beamwidth. After reasonably configuring multiple chokes, the beamwidth can be effectively widened to over 102°, significantly improving the satellite search efficiency and signal reception stability of the antenna device 10 in the low elevation angle region.

[0088] The distribution of the choke element 400 can also be diverse. Preferably, multiple choke pillars are uniformly distributed in a ring around the periphery of the radiating element to ensure pattern symmetry and polarization purity. This uniform distribution helps to avoid radiation pattern distortion caused by local current concentration, while enhancing the signal reception consistency of the antenna device 10 at different azimuth angles. Furthermore, the form of the choke element 400 is not limited to a metal columnar structure; other conductive structures such as metal sheets can also be used, as long as they can effectively change the surface current distribution.

[0089] In some implementations, circuit board 100 is the core component for radio frequency signal transmission and distribution, and also the physical platform for various radiating units, feed networks, and microstrip feeders. Circuit board 100 not only provides the necessary electrical connection paths, but also ensures efficient coordination between the L1 / L2 dual-band GNSS signals and the LoRa communication band through its integrated functional structures. Circuit board 100 is typically composed of multiple layers of printed circuit boards 100, interconnected by vias. The top and bottom layers are used for laying conductive lines, grounding structures, and feed points, while the middle layers may include a ground plane to enhance shielding performance and signal integrity.

[0090] The circuit board 100 performs several key functions. First, it integrates a feed network that controls the power distribution and phase difference between the two orthogonally positioned dipole arms 312 in the second radiating element 300, thereby determining the antenna polarization. For example, a structure combining a 3dB bridge and a 50-ohm microstrip line can achieve right-hand circular polarization; while a combination of a microstrip power divider and a phase shifter allows for flexible configuration of the phase difference to achieve left-hand circular polarization or multi-line polarization. Second, the surface of the circuit board 100 is covered with multiple microstrip feed lines, which are responsible for transmitting radio frequency signals from the feed point to the corresponding radiating element. One end of the first microstrip feed line 220 passes through a feed via 213 on the first radiator 210 and is electrically connected to the radiating layer 212, while the other end is connected to a feed point on the circuit board 100, enabling the first radiator 210 to operate in the LoRa band with direct feed. In addition, the second microstrip feed line 313 is connected to the vibrator arm 312 of the second radiating unit 300 to provide it with the excitation signal of the L2 band of GNSS.

[0091] The circuit board 100 also has multiple electrical connection points for reliable connection with different radiating units. For example, each vibrator arm 312 of the second radiating unit 300 has a grounding portion 314 that extends to the circuit board 100 and forms a stable electrical connection with its ground plane, ensuring good impedance matching and radiation efficiency. Simultaneously, the circuit board 100 also provides a mounting base for the choke 400. Multiple choke posts or choke plates are spaced apart on the circuit board 100 around the periphery of the first radiating unit 200 and the second radiating unit 300, extending the main beamwidth and improving satellite signal reception in low elevation angle regions by changing the surface current distribution.

[0092] In the accompanying drawings of this embodiment, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting this application. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0093] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna device, characterized in that, include: The circuit board is a radio frequency circuit board; The first radiating unit includes a first radiator and a first microstrip feed line. The first microstrip feed line is a LoRa microstrip feed line. The first radiator is electrically connected to the feed point of the circuit board through the first microstrip feed line. as well as The second radiating element is disposed between the first radiator and the circuit board, and forms an electromagnetic coupling with the first radiator to excite the first radiator to operate in the L1 band of GNSS. When the antenna device is in operation, the second radiating element operates in the L2 band of GNSS, and the first radiator operates in the LoRa band through a direct connection between the first microstrip feed line and the circuit board. The first radiator also has response characteristics to the L1 band of GNSS and receives or transmits L1 band signals of GNSS under the electromagnetic coupling excitation of the second radiating element.

2. The antenna device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first radiator includes a first dielectric layer and a radiating layer stacked sequentially, wherein the radiating layer is located on the side of the first dielectric layer opposite to the second radiating unit; The first radiator is provided with a power feed via, which penetrates the first dielectric layer and the radiating layer. One end of the first microstrip feed line passes through the power feed via and is electrically connected to the radiating layer. The other end of the first microstrip feed line is electrically connected to the power feed point of the circuit board.

3. The antenna device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second radiation unit includes two second radiators, which are arranged vertically.

4. The antenna device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second radiator includes a second dielectric layer, two oscillator arms, and a second microstrip feed line. The second dielectric layer has a first surface and a second surface facing away from each other. The two oscillator arms are symmetrically arranged on the first surface. Each oscillator arm is provided with a grounding part. Each oscillator arm is electrically connected to the circuit board through the corresponding grounding part. The second microstrip feed line is disposed on the second surface. One end of the second microstrip feed line is electrically connected to the power supply point of the circuit board, and the other end of the second microstrip feed line is spaced apart from the circuit board.

5. The antenna device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second radiator includes a second dielectric layer, two second oscillator arms, and a second microstrip feed line. The second dielectric layer has a first surface and a second surface facing away from each other, and the two oscillator arms are respectively disposed on the first surface and the second surface. The vibrating arm disposed on the first surface is provided with a grounding part, and the vibrating arm is electrically connected to the circuit board through the grounding part; The second microstrip feed line is disposed on the second surface. One end of the second microstrip feed line is electrically connected to the circuit board, and the other end of the second microstrip feed line is electrically connected to the vibrator arm located on the second surface.

6. The antenna device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The edge of the radiation layer has multiple gaps; Each of the second dielectric layers has a positioning protrusion on the side facing the first radiation unit, each positioning protrusion corresponds to one of the slots, and each positioning protrusion passes through the first dielectric layer and the corresponding slot.

7. The antenna device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The oscillator arm includes an oscillator body and an arc-shaped portion, a rectangular branch portion, and a mating portion, all connected to the oscillator body. The rectangular branch portion and the mating portion are located at opposite ends of the oscillator body, respectively. The rectangular branch portion is located on the side of the oscillator arm away from the first microstrip feed line. The arc-shaped portion connects the rectangular branch portion and the connecting portion. The arc-shaped portion is located on the side of the oscillator body away from the circuit board. The mating part of each of the oscillating arms is connected to the corresponding grounding part and has a gap with the grounding part.

8. The antenna device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The first microstrip feed line is disposed in one of the second dielectric layers.

9. The antenna device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna device also includes multiple chokes, which are spaced apart on the circuit board to change the beamwidth of the antenna device.

10. The antenna device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The choke is a metal choke plate or a technical choke post.

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