Polarization-mode-variable high-gain guide antenna and array thereof
By mechanically rotating the oscillator pair to change the polarization mode, the insufficient guidance design of the base station antenna and the discrete switching of the polarization mode are solved, signal loss is reduced and frequency reconstruction is achieved, and the polarization control accuracy and scope of application are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511295776.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-28
AI Technical Summary
Existing base station antennas lack directional design, have poor impedance matching, high standing waves, and are mostly single-polarized in design. Their application range is narrow, and the polarization mode can only achieve discrete switching, making it difficult to achieve precise control of the intermediate state.
Design a high-gain directional antenna with variable polarization. Change the polarization by mechanically rotating the dipole pair. Employ components such as a back cavity, director, dipole, feed element, and motor to achieve continuous change of polarization and frequency reconfiguration.
It achieves reduced signal path loss, continuous polarization variation, frequency reconfigurability, adaptability to multi-band requirements, and improves the antenna's applicability and polarization control accuracy.
Smart Images
Figure CN120854893A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of directional antenna technology, and more specifically, to a high-gain directional antenna with variable polarization and its array. Background Technology
[0002] Base station antennas are typically arrayed from identical radiating elements to achieve high gain. However, in practice, current base station antennas have been found to have the following drawbacks: The transmitter lacks a guiding design, resulting in low impedance matching and high standing wave ratio. The design is mostly single-polar, with a narrow range of applications, and cannot be modified or adjusted according to actual usage requirements; Existing antennas, when adjusting polarization, can only achieve discrete polarization states (switching between horizontal / vertical / circular polarization) by controlling switches such as PIN diodes to select different vibrators or feed networks, making it difficult to achieve precise control of intermediate states. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to design a high-gain directional antenna with variable polarization and its array, so as to solve the technical problems mentioned above, such as the lack of directional design and the inability to achieve discrete polarization state switching.
[0004] The present invention provides a high-gain directional antenna with variable polarization, including a back cavity, a director, a first element, a second element, a first feed element, a second feed element, a fixed base, a rotating base, a motor, and a feed electrode. The first element and the second element are arranged in pairs with a horizontally opposite attitude. The back cavity is located below the first and second oscillators, and the director is located above the first and second oscillators; A motor and a fixed base are fixedly installed in the center of the back cavity. A rotating base is fixedly installed on the output end of the motor. The rotating base is arranged parallel to the top of the fixed base. The first power supply is fixedly connected between the first oscillator and the rotating base, and the second power supply is fixedly connected between the second oscillator and the fixed base; The bottom of the back cavity is provided with a feed electrode that cooperates with feed body one and feed body two. The polarization of the antenna can be changed by driving a pair of vibrators to rotate relative to the pair of vibrators.
[0005] As a further aspect of the present invention: a crank body is provided in the second feeder, and the crank body and the second feeder form a rectangular cavity through which the first oscillator rotates.
[0006] As a further aspect of the present invention: the back cavity is in the shape of a regular hexagon, and a bracket is fixedly installed at the center of each top edge, and the guide is fixedly connected to the back cavity through the bracket.
[0007] As a further aspect of the present invention: the arrangement of the first pair of oscillators and the second pair of oscillators can be switched between a parallel orientation and a vertical orientation; Both the first pair and the second pair of oscillators are equipped with switches that can control their activation or deactivation; With a single active element pair, the antenna exhibits ordinary linear polarization; With two pairs of single-activated oscillators, the antenna exhibits ordinary linear polarization. Simultaneously activate one pair of dipoles and two pairs of dipoles, and arrange the one pair of dipoles and two pairs of dipoles in a parallel orientation, so that the antenna exhibits enhanced linear polarization dominated by the two pairs of dipoles. Simultaneously activate one pair of vibrators and two pairs of vibrators. The one pair of vibrators and two pairs of vibrators are arranged in a vertical orientation without adding phase control, and the antenna exhibits 45-degree linear polarization. Simultaneously activate one pair of vibrators and two pairs of vibrators. The one pair of vibrators and two pairs of vibrators are arranged in a vertical orientation, keeping the excitation amplitude of the one pair of vibrators and two pairs of vibrators the same. A 90-degree phase difference is applied between the first feeder and the second feeder, and the antenna exhibits circular polarization.
[0008] As a further aspect of the present invention: the coupling relationship between the first pair of oscillators and the second pair of oscillators is variable, thereby driving the resonant frequency of the antenna to be variable; When one pair of oscillators is parallel to the second pair of oscillators, the coupling is enhanced, the equivalent length increases, and the antenna resonates at low frequencies. When one pair of oscillators is perpendicular to the second pair of oscillators, the coupling weakens, the equivalent length decreases, and the antenna resonates at high frequencies.
[0009] Two of the first oscillators are connected in pairs via microstrip line one, and two of the second oscillators are connected in pairs via microstrip line two.
[0010] A high-gain directional antenna array with variable polarization is formed by assembling several of the above-mentioned directional antennas.
[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The "rotational polarization switching method" of the present invention directly changes the direction of the oscillator by physical rotation, without the need to introduce additional electronic components, and the signal path loss is significantly reduced.
[0012] When switching antenna polarization modes, this invention achieves continuous polarization change by precisely controlling the rotation angle of the motor, eliminating the drawback of conventional switching methods which can only achieve discrete polarization state switching and are difficult to achieve precise control of intermediate states.
[0013] When the antenna polarization mode is switched, the frequency of the antenna can be reconfigured, thus giving it the advantage of multi-band switching. It can better adapt when the antenna has encryption requirements and needs to cover multiple frequency bands. Attached Figure Description
[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a high-gain directional antenna with variable polarization proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of a high-gain directional antenna with variable polarization proposed in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-gain directional antenna with variable polarization proposed in this invention, in which vibrator one and vibrator two are arranged in a vertical orientation. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the parallel arrangement of vibrator one and vibrator two in a high-gain directional antenna with variable polarization proposed in this invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the switching action between vertical and parallel attitudes of vibrator one and vibrator two in a high-gain directional antenna with variable polarization proposed in this invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the internal structure of a high-gain directional antenna with variable polarization proposed in this invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a high-gain directional antenna array with variable polarization proposed in this invention.
[0015] In the diagram: 1. Back cavity; 100. Support; 2. Director; 3. Oscillator 1; 30. Microstrip line 1; 4. Oscillator 2; 40. Microstrip line 2; 5. Feeder 1; 6. Feeder 2; 60. Crank body; 7. Fixed base; 8. Rotating base; 9. Motor; 10. Feed electrode. Detailed Implementation
[0016] The subject matter described herein will now be discussed with reference to exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the subject matter described herein, and changes may be made to the function and arrangement of the elements discussed without departing from the scope of this specification. Various processes or components may be omitted, substituted, or added as needed in the examples. Furthermore, features described in some examples may be combined in other examples.
[0017] At least one embodiment of the present invention discloses a high-gain directional antenna with variable polarization, such as... Figure 1 - Figure 6 As shown, it includes a back cavity 1, a director 2, an oscillator 3, an oscillator 4, a feeder 5, a feeder 6, a fixed base 7, a rotating base 8, a motor 9, and a feed electrode 10. The oscillator 3 and the oscillator 4 are arranged in pairs with a horizontally opposite posture. The back cavity 1 is located below the first oscillator 3 and the second oscillator 4, and the guide 2 is located above the first oscillator 3 and the second oscillator 4. A motor 9 and a fixed base 7 are fixedly arranged in the center of the back cavity 1. A rotating base 8 is fixedly installed on the output end of the motor 9. The rotating base 8 is arranged parallel to the top of the fixed base 7. The first power supply 5 is fixedly connected between the first vibrator 3 and the rotating base 8, and the second power supply 6 is fixedly connected between the second vibrator 4 and the fixed base 7; The bottom of the back cavity 1 is provided with a feed electrode 10 that cooperates with feed body 1 5 and feed body 2 6. The polarization of the antenna can be changed by driving the paired vibrator 3 to rotate relative to the paired vibrator 4 through the motor 9.
[0018] In practical implementation, this invention constructs an antenna architecture comprising two sets of vibrator pairs (three pairs of vibrator one and four pairs of vibrator two). Vibrator pair one (pair three) can be rotated. When rotated so that the two sets of vibrator pairs are in a vertical orientation, a specific 45-degree linear polarization is generated (which can be synthesized into circular polarization). When rotated so that the two sets of vibrator pairs are parallel (the sizes of the two sets of vibrator pairs are designed so that the rotatable vibrator pair can be covered by the fixed vibrator pair), enhanced linear polarization is generated. Specifically: With a single active element in 3 pairs, the antenna exhibits ordinary linear polarization. With four pairs of single-activated oscillators, the antenna exhibits ordinary linear polarization. Simultaneously activate the first three pairs and the second four pairs, and arrange the first three pairs and the second four pairs in a parallel orientation. The antenna exhibits enhanced linear polarization dominated by the second four pairs. Simultaneously activate the first three pairs and the second four pairs of vibrators. The first three pairs and the second four pairs of vibrators are arranged in a vertical orientation without adding phase control, and the antenna exhibits 45-degree linear polarization. Simultaneously activate the first pair of 3 and the second pair of 4, with the first pair of 3 and the second pair of 4 arranged in a vertical orientation, keeping the excitation amplitude of the first pair of 3 and the second pair of 4 the same, and applying a 90-degree phase difference between the first feeder 5 and the second feeder 6, so that the antenna exhibits circular polarization.
[0019] In the above implementation, the antenna polarization is changed by mechanical rotation, which has the following advantages compared to electronic switching (selecting different vibrators or feed networks by controlling switches such as PIN diodes): 1. Mechanical rotation directly changes the direction of the oscillator through physical rotation, without the need to introduce additional electronic components, and the signal path loss is significantly reduced.
[0020] 2. Mechanical rotation can achieve continuous polarization changes (from linear polarization to arbitrary elliptical polarization) by precisely controlling the rotation angle, while electronic switching can only achieve discrete polarization states (such as switching between horizontal / vertical / circular polarization), making it difficult to achieve precise control of intermediate states.
[0021] 3. Mechanical rotation is more reliable in extreme environments (such as high temperature and high radiation), while semiconductor devices that rely on electronic components for control are prone to failure.
[0022] It should be noted that in the above-described antenna implementation, the antenna is activated by the feed electrode 10 through the feed body, and then the antenna is put into operation by the coupling between the antenna and the director 2 and the reflection of the back cavity 1. This is a conventional setup in the art and will not be described further here.
[0023] In addition to the above implementation, considering portability in actual use, the following improvements have been added: The second power supply body 6 is provided with a bend 60, which forms a rectangular cavity with the second power supply body 6 for the oscillator 3 to rotate through, ensuring that the "rotation action" in the above implementation is smooth and feasible without affecting the power supply connection.
[0024] The back cavity 1 is a regular hexagon, and a bracket 100 is fixedly installed at the center of each top edge. The guide 2 is fixedly connected to the back cavity 1 through the bracket 100, thereby establishing a suspended engagement form between the guide 2 and the first oscillator 3 and the second oscillator 4.
[0025] The coupling relationship between the three pairs of vibrator one and the four pairs of vibrator two is variable, which drives the resonant frequency of the antenna to be variable; When the first three pairs of oscillators are parallel to the second four pairs of oscillators, the coupling is enhanced, the equivalent length increases, and the antenna resonates at low frequencies. When the first pair of oscillators (pair 3) is perpendicular to the second pair of oscillators (pair 4), the coupling weakens, the equivalent length decreases, and the antenna resonates at high frequencies.
[0026] This allows the antenna frequency to be reconfigured, giving it the advantage of multi-band switching, making it more adaptable when the antenna has encryption requirements and needs to cover multiple frequency bands.
[0027] The two oscillators 3 are connected in pairs via microstrip line 30, and the two oscillators 4 are connected in pairs via microstrip line 40.
[0028] like Figure 7 As shown, a high-gain directional antenna array with variable polarization is formed by the directional antenna array described above, specifically in the form of a 1×3 antenna array combination.
[0029] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the embodiments are not limited to the specific implementation methods described above. The specific implementation methods described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make more equivalent embodiments under the guidance of the present embodiments, and all of them are within the protection scope of the present embodiments.
Claims
1. A high-gain directional antenna with variable polarization, characterized in that, It includes a back cavity (1), a director (2), a first oscillator (3), a second oscillator (4), a first feeder (5), a second feeder (6), a fixed base (7), a rotating base (8), a motor (9), and a feed electrode (10). The first oscillator (3) and the second oscillator (4) are arranged in pairs with a horizontal relative posture. The back cavity (1) is located below the first oscillator (3) and the second oscillator (4), and the guide (2) is located above the first oscillator (3) and the second oscillator (4); A motor (9) and a fixed base (7) are fixedly installed in the center of the back cavity (1). A rotating base (8) is fixedly installed on the output end of the motor (9). The rotating base (8) is parallel to the top of the fixed base (7). The first power supply (5) is fixedly connected between the first oscillator (3) and the rotating base (8), and the second power supply (6) is fixedly connected between the second oscillator (4) and the fixed base (7); The bottom of the back cavity (1) is provided with a feed electrode (10) that cooperates with feed body one (5) and feed body two (6). The polarization of the antenna can be changed by driving the pair of vibrators (3) to rotate relative to the pair of vibrators (4) through the motor (9).
2. The high-gain directional antenna with variable polarization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second power supply (6) is provided with a crank body (60), and the crank body (60) and the second power supply (6) form a rectangular cavity through which the first oscillator (3) rotates.
3. A high-gain directional antenna with variable polarization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The back cavity (1) is a regular hexagon, and a bracket (100) is fixedly installed at the center of each top edge. The guide (2) is fixedly connected to the back cavity (1) through the bracket (100).
4. A high-gain directional antenna with variable polarization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The arrangement of the first (3) pair of oscillators and the second (4) pair of oscillators can be switched between a parallel posture and a vertical posture; Both the first pair of oscillators (3) and the second pair of oscillators (4) are equipped with switches that can control whether they are activated or not; With a single active oscillator pair (3), the antenna exhibits ordinary linear polarization; With a single active oscillator pair (4), the antenna exhibits ordinary linear polarization; Simultaneously activate the first (3) pair and the second (4) pair of vibrators, and the first (3) pair and the second (4) pair of vibrators are arranged in a parallel orientation, and the antenna exhibits enhanced linear polarization dominated by the second (4) pair of vibrators. Simultaneously activate the first (3) pair of vibrators and the second (4) pair of vibrators. The first (3) pair of vibrators and the second (4) pair of vibrators are arranged in a vertical orientation without increasing phase control, and the antenna exhibits 45-degree linear polarization. Simultaneously activate the first (3) pair and the second (4) pair of vibrators. The first (3) pair and the second (4) pair of vibrators are arranged in a vertical orientation, keeping the excitation amplitude of the first (3) pair and the second (4) pair of vibrators the same, and applying a 90-degree phase difference between the first (5) and the second (6) feeder, so that the antenna exhibits circular polarization.
5. A high-gain directional antenna with variable polarization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupling relationship between the first (3) pair of oscillators and the second (4) pair of oscillators is variable, which drives the resonant frequency of the antenna to be variable; When the first pair of oscillators (3) is parallel to the second pair of oscillators (4), the coupling is enhanced, the equivalent length increases, and the antenna resonates at low frequency. When the first pair of oscillators (3) is perpendicular to the second pair of oscillators (4), the coupling weakens, the equivalent length decreases, and the antenna resonates at high frequency.
6. A high-gain directional antenna with variable polarization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two oscillators (3) are connected in pairs via microstrip line (30), and the two oscillators (4) are connected in pairs via microstrip line (40).
7. A high-gain directional antenna array with variable polarization, characterized in that, It is formed by using several directional antenna arrays as described in any one of claims 1-6.