Fertilizing method for reducing application amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer for corn and application

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a fertilization method for reducing the application amount of a corn chemical nitrogen fertilizer and application. According to the fertilizing method, nitrogen in a chemical nitrogen fertilizer is replaced with nitrogen in a carbon-based fertilizer, so that chemical fertilizer resources are saved, and sustainable development of agricultural production is facilitated; the carbon-based fertilizer, the chemical nitrogen fertilizer and other chemical fertilizers are cooperatively applied, so that available nutrients are provided, and a good environment is created for root growth and nutrient absorption is promoted by improving the good soil structure and enhancing the soil fertilizer retention capacity. Moreover, the chemical nitrogen fertilizer is applied in three times, so that precise topdressing in the key peak period of nitrogen demand of the corn is realized, and timely and sufficient supply of nutrients is ensured. Finally, the embodiment verifies that the overground biomass, the overground nitrogen absorption amount and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of the corn in the harvesting period are all remarkably improved compared with those of a conventional fertilization method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural technology, specifically relating to a fertilization method and application for reducing the amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied to corn. Background Technology

[0002] Corn is an important food crop, feed crop, and industrial raw material, widely used in food processing, animal husbandry, biofuels, and numerous industrial sectors. Demand is enormous and continues to grow. Nitrogen is one of the key nutrients affecting corn growth, development, and yield. Sufficient nitrogen supply significantly promotes corn plant growth, increases leaf area, and improves photosynthetic efficiency, thereby increasing biomass and grain yield. However, in actual production, traditional fertilization methods often result in low nitrogen fertilizer utilization rates due to improper field nitrogen fertilizer management, inappropriate fertilization timing, and / or an imbalance between nitrogen supply and demand. This prevents corn plants from fully realizing their growth potential during critical growth periods, leading to low nitrogen absorption and assimilation efficiency, ultimately limiting yield increases. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to solve the aforementioned problems in the existing technology, and to find a fertilization method that can accurately match the fertilizer requirements of maize, optimize nutrient supply, significantly improve maize biomass and nitrogen absorption efficiency, and reduce the waste of chemical fertilizer resources. Therefore, this invention provides a fertilization method and application that reduces the amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied to maize.

[0004] This invention provides a fertilization method for reducing the amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied to corn, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Apply basal fertilizer before transplanting corn; the basal fertilizer includes carbon-based fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.

[0006] Apply chemical nitrogen fertilizer during the corn jointing stage and the corn tasseling stage.

[0007] Preferably, the total nitrogen content in the base fertilizer and the topdressed chemical nitrogen fertilizer is 20 kg / mu;

[0008] The mass ratio of nitrogen in the carbon-based fertilizer is 2%;

[0009] The application rate of the carbon-based fertilizer is 200-400 kg / mu.

[0010] Preferably, the corn includes spring corn;

[0011] The soil type at the site where the method is implemented is alluvial soil.

[0012] Preferably, the chemical nitrogen fertilizer includes urea; the amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied during the jointing stage is 30% of the total amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied throughout the entire growth stage of maize;

[0013] The amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied during the large trumpet stage is 40% of the total amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied during the entire growth stage of maize.

[0014] Preferably, the fertilizer includes phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer;

[0015] The phosphate fertilizer includes superphosphate; the potassium fertilizer includes potassium sulfate.

[0016] Preferably, the application rate of the phosphate fertilizer is 50 kg / mu, and the application rate of the potassium fertilizer is 30 kg / mu.

[0017] Preferably, the base fertilizer further includes chemical nitrogen fertilizer; the chemical nitrogen fertilizer includes urea.

[0018] The amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied is 30% of the total amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied throughout the entire growth stage of corn.

[0019] The present invention also provides the application of the fertilization method described above in increasing maize yield and / or increasing maize aboveground biomass.

[0020] The present invention also provides the application of the fertilization method described above in improving nitrogen uptake in corn.

[0021] The present invention also provides the application of the fertilization method described above in improving the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of corn.

[0022] Beneficial effects:

[0023] This invention provides a fertilization method to reduce the amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied to corn. By applying nitrogen-containing charcoal-based fertilizer as a base fertilizer before corn transplanting, and taking a total nitrogen application rate of 20 kg / mu (approximately 13.3 kg / acre) throughout the corn's growth stage as an example, this method can reduce the total amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer used by 20%–40% during the entire growth stage. This invention utilizes the nitrogen from charcoal-based fertilizer to replace the nitrogen from chemical nitrogen fertilizer, saving fertilizer resources and contributing to the sustainable development of agricultural production. The fertilization method described in this invention combines charcoal-based fertilizer with chemical nitrogen fertilizers, providing readily available nutrients while improving soil structure, enhancing soil nutrient retention capacity, creating a favorable environment for root growth, and promoting nutrient absorption.

[0024] Furthermore, this invention applies chemical nitrogen fertilizer in three stages: basal application before corn transplanting, topdressing at the corn jointing stage, and topdressing at the corn tasseling stage. This achieves precise topdressing during the critical peak period of nitrogen demand in corn, ensuring a timely and sufficient supply of nutrients. Finally, verified by examples, the fertilization method described in this invention resulted in a 9.08%–10.31% increase in aboveground fresh biomass, an 11.18%–12.08% increase in dry biomass, a 15.67%–17.15% increase in aboveground nitrogen uptake, and a 21.05%–23.03% increase in nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency at harvest compared to conventional fertilization methods. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.

[0026] Figure 1 The chart shows the statistical results of the above-ground fresh and dry weight of corn; the left side shows the statistical results of the fresh weight of the above-ground corn, and the right side shows the statistical results of the dry weight of the above-ground corn.

[0027] Figure 2 The chart shows the statistical results of nitrogen absorption and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of the aboveground parts of corn; the left side shows the statistical results of nitrogen absorption of the aboveground parts of corn, and the right side shows the statistical results of nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of the aboveground parts of corn. Detailed Implementation

[0028] This invention provides a fertilization method for reducing the amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied to corn, comprising the following steps:

[0029] Apply basal fertilizer before transplanting corn; the basal fertilizer includes carbon-based fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.

[0030] Apply chemical nitrogen fertilizer during the corn jointing stage and the corn tasseling stage.

[0031] In one embodiment, the corn described in this invention includes spring corn; the soil type of the site where the method is implemented is alluvial soil. In another embodiment, the fertilization method described in this invention is suitable for corn cultivation in the East China Plain. In yet another embodiment, the fertilization method described in this invention is suitable for corn cultivation in alluvial soil of the East China Plain. In yet another embodiment, the fertilization method described in this invention utilizes nitrogen from carbon-based fertilizers to replace nitrogen from chemical nitrogen fertilizers, saving fertilizer resources and contributing to the sustainable development of agricultural production.

[0032] This invention relates to the application of basal fertilizer before corn transplanting. In one embodiment, the application of basal fertilizer can be 3 days before corn transplanting. In another embodiment, the basal fertilizer can be mixed into the soil. In one embodiment, the basal fertilizer includes charcoal-based fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. In one embodiment, the charcoal-based fertilizer is selected from bamboo charcoal-based fertilizer produced by Shike Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. In one embodiment, the chemical fertilizer includes phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer; the phosphate fertilizer includes superphosphate; the potassium fertilizer includes potassium sulfate. In one embodiment, the application rate of the phosphate fertilizer is 50 kg / mu; the application rate of the potassium fertilizer is 30 kg / mu. In one embodiment, the chemical fertilizer in the basal fertilizer also includes chemical nitrogen fertilizer; the chemical nitrogen fertilizer includes urea; the application rate of the chemical nitrogen fertilizer in the basal fertilizer is 30% of the total chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied during the entire growth stage of corn.

[0033] In one embodiment, the total nitrogen content in the basal fertilizer and topdressing chemical nitrogen fertilizer of this invention is 20 kg / mu; the nitrogen mass ratio in the charcoal-based fertilizer is 2%; and the application rate of the charcoal-based fertilizer is 200-400 kg / mu. In this invention, the fertilizer applied throughout the entire growth stage of corn includes basal fertilizer applied before transplanting and chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied during the corn jointing stage and the corn tasseling stage. In one embodiment, the fertilization method of this invention, utilizing charcoal-based fertilizer, can reduce the total amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer used throughout the entire growth stage of corn by 20%-40%. In one embodiment, the fertilization method of this invention, while reducing the input of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, effectively increases the aboveground biomass and nitrogen absorption and accumulation of corn plants, reduces nitrogen loss, and improves fertilizer utilization efficiency and environmental benefits.

[0034] After applying the base fertilizer, this invention also applies chemical nitrogen fertilizer during the corn jointing stage and the corn tasseling stage.

[0035] In one embodiment, the chemical nitrogen fertilizer of this invention includes urea. In another embodiment, the amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied during the jointing stage is 30% of the total amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied during the entire growth stage of maize; the amount applied during the large trumpet stage is 40% of the total amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied during the entire growth stage of maize. In another embodiment, the jointing stage is when the maize has 6-8 leaves; the large trumpet stage is when the maize has 10-12 leaves. In another embodiment, the method of applying the chemical nitrogen fertilizer is to dissolve urea in water and then apply it by irrigation. In yet another embodiment, the fertilization method of this invention involves applying chemical nitrogen fertilizer in three stages: basal application before transplanting, topdressing during the jointing stage, and topdressing during the large trumpet stage. This achieves precise topdressing during the critical peak period of nitrogen demand in maize, ensuring a timely and sufficient supply of nutrients.

[0036] This invention also provides the application of the fertilization method described above in increasing maize yield and / or increasing maize aboveground biomass. As one embodiment, the fertilization method of this invention combines carbon-based fertilizer with chemical nitrogen fertilizer, providing readily available nutrients and improving soil structure, enhancing soil nutrient retention capacity, creating a favorable environment for root growth, and promoting nutrient absorption. As one embodiment, the maize aboveground biomass of this invention includes both fresh and dry biomass. As one embodiment, maize using the fertilization method of this invention shows a 9.08%–10.31% increase in aboveground fresh biomass and an 11.18%–12.08% increase in dry biomass at harvest compared to conventional fertilization methods.

[0037] This invention also provides the application of the fertilization method described above in improving nitrogen uptake in maize. As one embodiment, the nitrogen uptake of the aboveground parts of maize using the fertilization method of this invention is increased by 15.67% to 17.15% compared to conventional fertilization methods.

[0038] This invention also provides the application of the fertilization method described above in improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency in maize. As one embodiment, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of maize using the fertilization method described in this invention is increased by 21.05% to 23.03% compared to conventional fertilization methods.

[0039] To further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, provides a fertilization method and application for reducing the amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied to corn, but these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] The experiment was conducted from April to July 2025 in a greenhouse of the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences (121°28′27″E, 30°57′24″N). The experiment was conducted in pots, and the soil for the pots was collected from field soil that has been growing maize for many years. The soil type was alluvial soil, and its basic fertility was 15.63 g / kg organic matter, 1.11 g / kg total nitrogen, 15.65 mg / kg available phosphorus, 152.66 mg / kg available potassium, and pH value was 7.92.

[0042] The experiment consisted of 4 treatments, with 5 replicates per treatment, for a total of 20 treatments. The flowerpots were 30cm × 25cm (diameter × height), and each pot used 8kg of soil. The fertilizer application rate was calculated based on the field equivalent per acre. The fertilizer application rates for the 4 treatment groups are shown in Table 1.

[0043] The four processing groups are as follows:

[0044] T0 represents the control group without fertilization;

[0045] T1 is a conventional fertilizer treatment;

[0046] T2 is a treatment that replaces 20% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with carbon-based fertilizer;

[0047] T3 is a treatment that replaces 40% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with carbon-based fertilizer.

[0048] The corn variety planted was Huanuo No. 1, and the planting method was seedling transplanting, with one seedling per pot. Carbon-based fertilizer was provided by Shike Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Except for fertilization, all other management measures were the same for all treatments.

[0049] Aboveground biomass was collected at the beginning of July when maize was harvested for analysis of aboveground biomass and cumulative nitrogen uptake. Aboveground fresh weight was obtained by direct weighing; aboveground dry weight was obtained by blanching at 105℃ for 30 min and drying at 65℃ to constant weight; plant nitrogen content was determined by the Kjeldahl method; aboveground nitrogen uptake was obtained by multiplying plant nitrogen content by biomass; the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate was calculated using the following formula:

[0050]

[0051] In the formula, NUE represents nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency; N fer This represents the amount of nitrogen absorbed by corn under nitrogen fertilizer application; N unfer Indicates nitrogen uptake without fertilization; N app This refers to the total amount of nitrogen applied.

[0052] Table 1 Fertilizer application rates for different treatments

[0053]

[0054] Analysis of aboveground biomass and nitrogen uptake in maize after fertilization:

[0055] The statistical results of the aboveground dry and fresh weight of corn are as follows: Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the statistical results of nitrogen uptake and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of maize aboveground parts are as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0056] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that in the T2 treatment group, the fresh weight and dry weight of the aboveground parts of maize were 415.86g and 50.39g, respectively, which were 10.31% and 12.08% higher than those in the conventional fertilization group (T1); in the T3 treatment group, the fresh weight and dry weight of the aboveground parts of maize were 411.22g and 49.99g, respectively, which were 9.08% and 11.18% higher than those in the conventional fertilization group (T1).

[0057] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that the nitrogen uptake by the aboveground parts of maize was 0.45g and 0.44g in the T2 and T3 treatment groups, respectively, which were 17.15% and 15.67% higher than those in the conventional fertilization group (T1). The nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of the T2 and T3 treatment groups was 33.44% and 32.90%, respectively, which were 23.03% and 21.05% higher than those in the T1 treatment group.

[0058] The above embodiments demonstrate the outstanding effect of the method of the present invention in significantly increasing the aboveground biomass and nitrogen uptake and accumulation of maize.

[0059] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fertilization method for reducing the amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied to corn, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Apply basal fertilizer before transplanting corn; the basal fertilizer includes carbon-based fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. Apply chemical nitrogen fertilizer during the corn jointing stage and the corn tasseling stage.

2. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total nitrogen content in the base fertilizer and topdressing chemical nitrogen fertilizer is 20 kg / mu; The mass ratio of nitrogen in the carbon-based fertilizer is 2%; The application rate of the carbon-based fertilizer is 200-400 kg / mu.

3. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The corn includes spring corn; The soil type at the site where the method is implemented is alluvial soil.

4. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chemical nitrogen fertilizer includes urea; the amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied during the jointing stage is 30% of the total amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied during the entire growth stage of maize; The amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied during the large trumpet stage is 40% of the total amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied during the entire growth stage of maize.

5. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fertilizers include phosphate fertilizers and potash fertilizers; The phosphate fertilizer includes superphosphate; the potassium fertilizer includes potassium sulfate.

6. The fertilization method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The application rate of the phosphate fertilizer is 50 kg / mu; the application rate of the potassium fertilizer is 30 kg / mu.

7. The fertilization method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The base fertilizer also includes chemical nitrogen fertilizer; the chemical nitrogen fertilizer includes urea. The amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied in the base fertilizer is 30% of the total amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied during the entire growth stage of maize.

8. The application of the fertilization method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in increasing maize yield and / or increasing maize aboveground biomass.

9. The application of the fertilization method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in improving nitrogen uptake in maize.

10. The application of the fertilization method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in improving the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of maize.

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