Agricultural regulation and control method for improving transplanting performance and survival rate of suaeda salsa

Abstract

The invention discloses an agronomic regulation and control method for improving the transplanting performance and survival rate of suaeda salsa, and belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil remediation. The method comprises the following steps: (1) regulating and controlling the planting distance between suaeda salsa and associated shrubs according to soil salinity; and (2) applying 80-100g / kg of special compost on the day of transplanting, wherein the compost is prepared from attapulgite, cow dung, sheep manure and corn straw through segmented temperature control aerobic fermentation. According to the method, the transplanting survival rate and the plant height growth rate are remarkably increased, the method is suitable for different salt stress environments, operation is easy and convenient, cost is low, and an efficient solution is provided for saline-alkali soil remediation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of saline-alkali land ecological restoration technology, specifically to a method for improving the survival rate and growth performance of transplanted Suaeda salsa in saline-alkali land by regulating interspecific relationships among plants and combining composting. Background Technology

[0002] Soil salinization, often referred to as "white pollution," is a significant limiting factor for sustainable agricultural development and a crucial environmental problem. As salinization intensifies, salt stress leads to widespread plant death and farmland degradation, severely impacting food production and the stability of the ecological environment.

[0003] Suaeda salsa (Linn.) Pall. is a halophyte that plays a positive role in soil restoration when planted in saline-alkali soils. It increases soil nutrient content, improves soil fertility, and reduces the content of the heavy metal cadmium in the soil. This is beneficial for the restoration of the natural ecological environment, and because it is low-cost, widely available, and does not cause secondary pollution, it is often used for the remediation of saline-alkali land.

[0004] Current methods for restoring saline-alkali land using *Suaeda salsa* mainly focus on artificial sowing of seeds and transplanting of seedlings or finished products. For example, patent 202311072180.X involves soaking *Suaeda salsa* seedlings in a plant growth regulator before transplanting to improve seedling survival and later growth rates. However, this method has a drawback: the need to soak the cultivated seedlings beforehand makes it difficult to implement in actual restoration. Patent 202510035397.6 demonstrates a scheme for restoring saline-alkali land using *Suaeda salsa* through optimized selection of planting locations in a region to form a gradual planting area. However, this scheme is overly cumbersome and complex, making it difficult to replicate in different restoration environments.

[0005] In summary, there is currently a lack of effective solutions for improving the transplanting performance of Suaeda salsa in saline-alkali soil through the synergistic effect of multiple factors. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention focuses on improving the survival rate and growth indicators of Suaeda salsa after transplanting by using a combination of composting and altering plant interactions, in order to address the ecological restoration of saline-alkali land under various environments.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following method:

[0008] This invention provides an agronomic regulation method to improve the transplanting performance and survival rate of Suaeda salsa in saline-alkali soil. The method is characterized by: adjusting the planting spacing between Suaeda salsa and its associated shrubs, and simultaneously applying specialized compost to synergistically enhance the transplanting effect under salt stress. Specifically, it includes the following steps:

[0009] (1) Adjust the planting distance between Suaeda salsa and selected shrubs under different salt stresses so that the interspecific relationship between the two plants is synergistic.

[0010] (2) Apply special fertilizer to the rhizosphere soil on the day of transplanting, at a rate of 80-100g / kg soil, to synergistically enhance the transplanting effect under salt stress.

[0011] Preferably, Suaeda salsa and its associated shrubs are planted at a spacing of 10-20cm.

[0012] Preferably, the accompanying shrub is camel thorn.

[0013] Preferably, the special compost is made from attapulgite, cow dung, sheep dung, and corn stalks through aerobic fermentation.

[0014] Preferably, the composting raw materials are proportioned as follows: 1.5-3 parts attapulgite, 3-8 parts cow dung, 0.5-3.5 parts sheep dung, and 2.5-3.5 parts corn stalks.

[0015] Preferably, the compost preparation includes:

[0016] (1) Crush the corn stalks to 1-2cm;

[0017] (2) Mix the raw materials and add water to a moisture content of 55% to 65%;

[0018] (3) Aerobic fermentation for 30 to 45 days, with segmented temperature control and aeration (10 min of ventilation / 50 min of cessation, aeration rate of 0.6 to 0.9 L / kg·min).

[0019] Preferably, the fermentation temperature control includes:

[0020] (1) The warming period lasts 2 to 4 days, and the pile should not be turned at 30 to 35℃;

[0021] (2) During the high temperature period of 5 to 7 days, when the temperature is 40 to 50℃ and >50℃, turn the pile every 3 days;

[0022] (3) The cooling period is 7 to 10 days. When the temperature is 25 to 40℃ and < 40℃, turn the pile every 7 days.

[0023] (4) Hydrate and moisturize at room temperature during the stable period.

[0024] Beneficial effects

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are that, under the influence of interspecific relationships among plants and the application of compost, it can effectively improve the low survival rate of Suaeda salsa after transplanting, and at the same time enhance the growth performance of plants after transplanting and survival. This can better ensure that a large number of Suaeda salsa plants can be transplanted and their survival rate can be guaranteed when carrying out ecological restoration of saline-alkali land, and enhance their subsequent growth, thereby improving the restoration effect of saline-alkali land.

[0026] The transplanting technology of this invention is simple and efficient. It can not only use waste for composting to reduce environmental pollution, but also solve the problem that Suaeda salsa cannot survive after transplanting, providing a certain reference for the propagation of Suaeda salsa and the restoration of saline-alkali land. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 Comparison of survival rates of transplanted seedlings in different treatment groups 7 days after transplanting

[0029] Figure 2 Comparison of plant height growth rates over 15 days among different treatment groups Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solution of the present invention will be described below through specific implementation processes.

[0031] All implementation examples of this invention were carried out at the Camphor Tree Base of Chengdu University of Technology from March 16, 2024 to November 7, 2024, and from March 20, 2025 to June 1, 2025.

[0032] Experiments not described in detail in the embodiments are all routine operations well known to those skilled in the art.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] Pot experiment on the regulation of interspecific relationships in plants under different salt concentration stress

[0035] Interspecific relationships among plants are generally influenced by growth environment, kinship, and planting density. Changes in these factors may transform the interspecific relationship between two plants from competition to cooperation.

[0036] This experiment used two plants, Suaeda salsa and Alpaca chinensis, and controlled their planting distance under different salt stresses. Then, by using yield and plant growth indicators and calculating the Relative Neighbor Effect (RNE) index, the experiment illustrated the changes in the interspecific relationship between the two plants and their impact on plant growth under different planting distances and environmental stresses.

[0037] The experiment used the herbaceous plant *Suaeda salsa* and the shrub *Alpaca spp.* thorn. They were sown at spacings of 10cm, 15cm, and 20cm in sand with salt concentrations of 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9%, respectively. The sand was ordinary river sand mixed with prepared Hogrange nutrient solution, and then a prepared NaCl solution was added to adjust the salt content. The table below shows the different treatments for each plant group.

[0038] Table 1 Plant treatment methods

[0039]

[0040]

[0041] After about 7 days, when the plants have grown to more than 5cm in length, thin them out to ensure their survival in the pots. Leave one Suaeda salsa and one Camel Thorn in each pot. After confirming that the plants are growing normally, water them daily for the first two weeks. After about a month of growth, water them once every 3 days. Stop the experiment and collect data after 65 days of growth.

[0042] After collecting the indicators, use the formula:

[0043]

[0044] In the formula, P is the average biomass when the surrounding species are present (+N) and absent (–N). When P–N is greater than P+N, x is P–N; when P+N is greater than P–N, x is P+N.

[0045] Calculate RNE to express changes in interspecific relationships among plants.

[0046] Table 2. Growth Indicators and RNE of Suaeda salsa in Saline-alkali Land

[0047]

[0048] As shown in Table 2, regardless of whether the salinity is low (0.3%), medium (0.6%), or high (0.9%), *Suaeda salsa* planted at a distance of 15 cm exhibits good growth performance. Furthermore, competition between the two plants decreases with increasing planting distance. Under moderate salinity stress, competition transforms into synergy, while under high salinity stress, the synergistic effect is strongest at a planting distance of 15 cm. When the planting distance is further increased to 20 cm, the interspecific relationship between the two plants has negligible impact on their individual growth. Therefore, this experiment demonstrates that when remediating saline-alkali land, a planting distance of approximately 15 cm should be maintained to ensure synergistic effects among the plants. This not only promotes plant growth but also controls planting density, thus saving plant costs.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] Composting preparation

[0051] The preparation of compost specifically includes the following steps:

[0052] (1) After removing impurities from the corn stalk raw material, use a crusher to crush the corn stalk to 1-2cm.

[0053] (2) According to the mass percentage, 71% corn stalks, 28% fresh pig manure from the farm, and 1% attapulgite were mixed, and then ultrapure water was added and mixed evenly to obtain a mixture with a moisture content of 55%. The attapulgite was purchased from Chengdu Gaygas Company.

[0054] (3) Add the mixed raw materials into the aerobic fermentation tank using a loader, pile them into a fermentation pile, and use a blower in conjunction with the inserted aeration pipe to supply oxygen to the fermentation tank. At the same time, maintain the aeration rate at 0.6-0.9 L / kg·min, and adopt forced ventilation for 10 min, followed by a pause for 50 min.

[0055] (4) During the composting process, the control is implemented according to the process of warming period, high temperature period, cooling period and stabilization period. The warming period lasts for 2 to 4 days, and the ambient temperature is controlled at 30 to 35℃; the high temperature period lasts for 5 to 7 days, and the ambient temperature is controlled at 40 to 50℃; the cooling period lasts for 7 to 10 days, and the ambient temperature is controlled at 25 to 40℃; the stabilization period is controlled at room temperature.

[0056] (5) Do not turn the pile during the warming period. During the high temperature period (above 50℃), turn the pile once every 3 days. During the cooling period (below 40℃), turn the pile once every 7 days. Do not turn the pile during the stable period. At the same time, replenish water to maintain the moisture content.

[0057] (6) The composting results after 35 days.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] A pot experiment on improving the transplanting and survival rate and growth indicators of Suaeda salsa in saline-alkali soil through the combined use of interspecific relationships and composting.

[0060] This experiment selected Suaeda salsa seedlings with a growth period of 10-15 days, good growth, and a plant length of about 6.5-8cm. After treatment, they were transplanted into pre-prepared pots according to different standards.

[0061] (1) Acquisition of seedlings

[0062] Purchase 50-cell seedling trays online. Each cell has a top diameter of 4.8cm, a bottom diameter of 2.3cm, and a depth of 4.8cm. The soil for seedling cultivation consists of sand that has passed through a 1mm fine sieve, nutrient soil, and vermiculite. The ratio of sand to nutrient soil is 3:1, and vermiculite accounts for 5% of the total soil weight.

[0063] The grass seeds were purchased from a grass seed market in Urumqi, Xinjiang. The seeds were placed in a sealed bag with warm water at approximately 30℃, and the bag was sealed to soak for about 30 hours. After soaking, the germinated seeds were selected and grouped into groups of 3-5, burying them about 1cm deep in the soil of the seedling tray. The seeds were then covered with soil and watered to keep the soil moist. Watering was then carried out twice daily, morning and evening, to keep the soil moist.

[0064] About three days after burying the seeds in the seedling trays, most of the grass seeds will germinate. If no sprouts are observed in any of the holes, repeat the above steps to bury new germinated grass seeds. Once all the holes in the seedling trays have sprouts, reduce watering to once a day, keeping the soil moist. Within a week of germination, water the seedlings occasionally with a spray bottle, depending on the local weather, to prevent seedling death due to rapid water loss. After a week of germination, when the seedlings are about 4-5 cm tall, provide 2-3 hours of sunlight daily to promote root growth.

[0065] (2) Preparation for transplanting Suaeda salsa in saline-alkali soil

[0066] The soil selected is sand that has passed through a 1mm sieve and has a depth of ≥100mm. Then, according to the weight of the sand added, NaCl solution is added to adjust the soil salt content to 0.3% for low salt stress, 0.6% for medium salt stress, and 0.9% for high salt stress. Prepare a total of 180 flower pots with the above-mentioned configurations. At the same time, dilute Hoagland nutrient solution is added to each pot of sand at a ratio of 0.5-0.7L / kg to adjust the sand to meet the national level IV nutrient standard.

[0067] Take a healthy, well-grown Suaeda salsa seedling with three pairs of leaves, and slowly rinse the dust off the leaves and the soil off the roots with distilled water. After cleaning, use filter paper to absorb the moisture from the surface of the plant, and measure and record the height of the entire plant.

[0068] (3) Experiment on transplanting Suaeda salsa in saline-alkali land

[0069] Table 3 Treatment methods for each group in the transplanting experiment

[0070] Group Salt content Should compost be added? Should we follow the previous experiment of mixed planting of shrubs? Group 1 0.3％ no no Group 2 0.3％ yes no Group 3 0.3％ no yes Group 4 0.3％ yes yes Group 5 0.6％ no no Group 6 0.6％ yes no Group 7 0.6％ no yes Group 8 0.6％ yes yes Group 9 0.9％ no no Group 10 0.9％ yes no Group 11 0.9％ no yes Group 12 0.9％ yes yes

[0071] (4) Records: After the start of the experiment, observe the growth of Suaeda salsa seedlings every day and add nutrient solution in time. On the 7th day of cultivation, record and calculate the survival rate of seedlings after transplanting; on the 15th day, measure the height of the whole seedling and calculate its height growth rate.

[0072] (5) Data Analysis: Figure 1 The image shows a comparison of seedling survival rates after transplanting in each group on day 7. Figure 1 It can be seen that under various salt stress conditions, the survival rate of *Suaeda salsa* seedlings after transplanting was significantly higher after treatment with compost and mixed shrubs, either alone or in combination, than that of the untreated group under various salt stress conditions. Furthermore, under low salt stress, the survival rate of *Suaeda salsa* seedlings after transplanting reached 100%. Meanwhile, as... Figure 2 As shown, on day 15, the growth rate of seedlings treated with mixed planting and compost addition was about twice that of untreated seedlings at all salt concentrations, and the growth rate of seedlings treated with combined application was further improved. This demonstrates that transplanting with mixed planting or compost addition can significantly improve the survival rate of Suaeda salsa seedlings after transplanting and effectively support their subsequent growth.

[0073] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An agronomic regulation method for improving the transplanting performance and survival rate of Suaeda salsa in saline-alkali land, characterized in that: This is achieved by adjusting the planting distance between Suaeda salsa and shrubs and applying specialized compost, including the following steps: (1) Adjust the planting distance between Suaeda salsa and selected shrubs under different salt stresses to make the interspecific relationship between the two plants synergistic; (2) Apply special fertilizer to the rhizosphere soil on the day of transplanting, at a rate of 80–100 g / kg soil, to synergistically enhance the transplanting effect under salt stress.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shrub in question is camel thorn.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composting raw materials are proportioned as follows: 1.5-3 parts attapulgite, 3-8 parts cow dung, 0.5-3.5 parts sheep dung, and 2.5-3.5 parts corn stalks.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The compost preparation includes: (1) Crush the corn stalks to 1-2cm; (2) Mix the raw materials and add water to a moisture content of 55% to 65%; (3) Aerobic fermentation for 30 to 45 days, with segmented temperature control and aeration (10 min of ventilation / 50 min of cessation, aeration rate of 0.6 to 0.9 L / kg·min).

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fermentation temperature control includes: (1) The warming period lasts 2 to 4 days, and the pile should not be turned at 30 to 35℃; (2) During the high temperature period of 5 to 7 days, when the temperature is 40 to 50℃ and >50℃, turn the pile every 3 days; (3) The cooling period is 7 to 10 days. When the temperature is 25 to 40℃ and < 40℃, turn the pile every 7 days. (4) Hydrate and moisturize at room temperature during the stable period.

6. The application of the method according to any one of claims 1-5 in the ecological restoration of saline-alkali land.

Images