Ground surface embedded aeroponic culture system and application thereof in vegetable planting

Abstract

The invention provides an earth surface embedded aeroponic culture system and application thereof in vegetable planting, and relates to the technical field of soilless culture. The earth surface embedded aeroponic culture system comprises a tank body part and a double-effect atomization system part, the tank body part is sequentially provided with an HDPE impermeable film, a basalt fiber layer and a composite phase change layer from outside to inside, a tank body cavity is formed in the space in the composite phase change layer, and the tank surface of the tank body is flush with the earth surface; and the double-effect atomization system part comprises a root system atomization pipeline and a canopy atomization pipeline. According to the invention, the HDPE impermeable membrane and the basalt fiber layer are compounded, soil-borne pathogens are physically isolated, double-closed-loop intelligent regulation and control of environmental conditions are realized through the temperature-controlled composite phase change layer and the double-effect atomization system, and the problems of salinization, large temperature difference, high incidence of diseases and the like are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of soilless cultivation technology, specifically relating to a ground-embedded aeroponic system and its application in vegetable cultivation. Background Technology

[0002] Facility vegetable production is a method of producing vegetables out of season during winter and spring in facilities such as multi-span greenhouses, solar greenhouses, and plastic greenhouses. It is an indispensable technical means to meet the safe and effective supply of the "vegetable basket" for urban and rural residents in my country. Facility vegetable cultivation is mainly based on soil cultivation, accounting for more than 90%, while soilless cultivation accounts for a very small proportion.

[0003] Compared to open-field cultivation, greenhouse soil cultivation takes place in a relatively enclosed space. Influenced by environmental conditions and agronomic activities such as high temperature, humidity, evaporation, high water and fertilizer input, and high multiple cropping index, the physical, chemical, and biological properties of greenhouse soil undergo drastic and complex changes, leading to soil quality problems such as secondary salinization, nutrient imbalance, accumulation of harmful elements, and deterioration of the microbial community. Currently, the deterioration of soil quality has caused serious problems in greenhouse horticulture production. Problems such as continuous cropping obstacles, frequent pests and diseases, low water and fertilizer utilization rates, ecological degradation, and poor agricultural product quality have become bottlenecks restricting the healthy development of the greenhouse horticulture industry.

[0004] Furthermore, the harsh climate of the arid and cold Northwest region, characterized by water scarcity, large temperature differences, soil salinization, and severe pests and diseases, makes soil cultivation in the Northwest unsuitable for protected soil cultivation due to yield reductions exceeding 17% caused by salinization. However, traditional hydroponics and nutrient solution cultivation require specialized facilities, resulting in high costs, complex management techniques, and cumbersome operations. Moreover, traditional nutrient solution circulation systems are highly dependent on the environment; equipment failures can lead to nutrient solution supply interruptions, impacting crop growth in the short term. Incomplete sterilization of the nutrient solution can also breed pathogens, leading to the spread of root diseases and increasing disease risk. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a low-cost hydroponics system that addresses the challenges of harsh external climates and high pest and disease incidence, while also being less dependent on the environment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the primary objective of this invention is to provide a surface-embedded aeroponic system. In this surface-embedded aeroponic system, the tank surface is installed flush with the ground surface. A double-layer composite of HDPE geomembrane and basalt fiber layer physically isolates soil-borne pathogens. Furthermore, a temperature-controlled composite phase change layer and a dual-effect atomization system achieve dual closed-loop intelligent regulation of environmental conditions, solving problems such as salinization, large temperature differences, and high incidence of diseases.

[0006] The second objective of this invention is to provide the application of the aforementioned ground-embedded aeroponic system in vegetable cultivation.

[0007] The third objective of this invention is to provide a surface-embedded intelligent system suitable for vegetable cultivation.

[0008] The fourth objective of this invention is to provide a method for using a ground-embedded intelligent system suitable for vegetable cultivation.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: This invention provides a ground-embedded aeroponic system, comprising a trough body and a dual-effect atomization system. The trough body consists of an HDPE geomembrane, a basalt fiber layer, and a composite phase change layer arranged sequentially from the outside in, with the space within the composite phase change layer forming a trough cavity. The trough body is embedded in the ground surface, making its surface flush with the ground. A plant fixing board is laid on the trough surface, and a planting basket is mounted on the plant fixing board. The dual-effect atomization system includes root atomization pipes and canopy atomization pipes. The root atomization pipes are located within the trough cavity and are equipped with multiple canopy micro-nozzles.

[0010] In one embodiment, a light-transmitting window is fitted inside the cavity of the groove.

[0011] In one embodiment, the composite phase change layer comprises butyl stearate and expanded graphite.

[0012] As one embodiment, the preparation method of the composite phase change layer includes: mixing liquid butyl stearate and expanded graphite for 30-60 min to obtain a mixture, impregnating the mixture under vacuum pressure ≤0.1 MPa and temperature of 40-50℃ for 2-3 h to obtain a composite slurry, and then cold pressing it under 5-10 MPa and 20-25℃.

[0013] In one implementation, the dual-effect atomization system also includes an information acquisition module and a control module.

[0014] In one implementation, the information acquisition module includes a temperature and humidity sensor, a leaf area index (LAI) sensor, and an integrated hyperspectral sensor.

[0015] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned ground-embedded aeroponic system in vegetable cultivation.

[0016] The present invention also provides a ground-embedded intelligent system suitable for vegetable cultivation, including the above-mentioned ground-embedded aeroponic system, nutrient solution, nutrient solution, ventilation pipe and shade net; the nutrient solution is introduced into the trough cavity through the nozzle of the ground-embedded aeroponic system; the ventilation pipe is placed in the trough cavity of the ground-embedded aeroponic system, and the shade net is installed on the top layer of the ground-embedded aeroponic system.

[0017] This invention also provides a method for using the above-mentioned ground-embedded intelligent system suitable for vegetable cultivation. When the humidity in the trough cavity is >90%, the root atomizing pipe in the ground-embedded aeroponic system is closed, and the ventilation pipe is activated; when the humidity in the trough cavity is <50%, the root atomizing pipe in the ground-embedded aeroponic system is activated, and the ventilation pipe is closed; when the air temperature is >35℃, the shade net is deployed, and the canopy micro-sprinkler in the ground-embedded aeroponic system is activated; the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the nutrient solution is switched according to the leaf area index; when the root bleaching index is >0.25, a disease warning is triggered, and 45~55 ppm of chitosan nanoparticles are added to the nutrient solution.

[0018] In one embodiment, the spraying rate of the canopy micro-sprayer is 45~55 mL / min, and the spraying frequency is 15±1 s every 30 minutes.

[0019] The advantages of this invention compared to existing technologies are as follows: 1. In the ground-embedded aeroponic system of this invention, the tank is installed flush with the ground surface. The HDPE geomembrane has a puncture strength of ≥500 N. The HDPE geomembrane and basalt fiber layer are double-layered composites with a compressive strength of ≥40MPa. This can physically block the migration of soil pathogens. The system also achieves dual closed-loop intelligent regulation of environmental conditions through a temperature-controlled composite phase change layer and a dual-effect atomization system. This solves problems such as salinization, large temperature difference, and high incidence of diseases.

[0020] 2. In Northwest China, the diurnal temperature range is -15℃ to 42℃. This invention's surface-embedded aeroponic system is suitable for Northwest greenhouses with diurnal temperature differences >25℃ and soil electrical conductivity (EC value) >4 ms / cm. Through surface-embedded troughs and a dual-effect atomization system, it achieves precise control of the root microenvironment, ensuring temperature fluctuations in the vegetable root zone ≤2℃, water and fertilizer utilization rate reaches 92%, and the cost is 120 yuan / m². 2 The following is a real-time disease warning triggered by the root birch index through the light-transmitting window of the trough, with an accuracy rate of 98.3%, which can identify diseases in the early stage and thus achieve a 100% interception rate of root-knot nematodes.

[0021] 3. The ground-embedded aeroponic system of the present invention uses a variable trough embedded in the ground, which can be compatible with different crops and greenhouse types. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a ground-embedded aeroponic system. Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of an embedded intelligent system on the earth's surface; Figure 3 This is a top view of a ground-embedded aeroponic system. In the diagram, 1 is soil; 2 is HDPE geomembrane; 3 is basalt fiber layer; 4 is composite phase change layer; 5 is root atomization pipe; 6 is plant fixing board; 7 is planting basket; 8 is nozzle; 9 is canopy atomization pipe; 10 is canopy micro-sprinkler; and 11 is light-transmitting window. Detailed Implementation

[0023] This invention provides a ground-embedded aeroponic system, comprising a trough body and a dual-effect atomization system. In this invention, the surface of the trough body is flush with the ground surface; the cross-section of the trough body is arc-shaped, preferably circular or elliptical. This invention does not specifically limit the size of the trough body; it can be adjusted adaptively according to the type of vegetable being grown. As an optional implementation, the width of the trough surface is 30-50 cm, and the vertical height from the trough surface to the bottom is 30-50 cm. In this invention, a plant fixing board (6) is laid on the trough surface. The plant fixing board is a mesh board with an opening rate ≥50%, a hole diameter of 2-5 mm, and is made of glass fiber reinforced polypropylene. In this invention, the plant fixing board is placed on the trough surface, and the width of the plant fixing board is greater than the width of the trough surface, with a length of 1-1.5 m. Multiple planting baskets (7) are set on the plant fixing board, preferably equidistantly spaced. This invention does not specifically limit the distance between the planting baskets; it can be adjusted according to the type of vegetable. The planting basket of the present invention is mainly made of plastic, with holes at the bottom for fixing the plant, and the diameter of the planting basket is 1~2 mm.

[0024] In this invention, an HDPE geomembrane (2), a basalt fiber layer (3), and a composite phase change layer (4) are sequentially arranged from the outside to the inside of the tank body. Each layer is continuously arranged along the extension direction of the tank wall, and adjacent layers are tightly bonded. The space within the composite phase change layer forms a tank cavity. The thickness of the HDPE geomembrane is 0.5~2 mm, preferably 1 mm, 1.5 mm, or 2 mm. The puncture strength of the HDPE geomembrane is ≥500 N, which can physically isolate soil-borne pathogens. The thickness of the basalt fiber layer is 1.5~2.5 cm, preferably 1.5 cm, 2 cm, or 2.5 cm. The HDPE geomembrane and the basalt fiber layer of this invention are double-layered composites, forming a composite structure with a pressure resistance ≥40 MPa, which can effectively block the transfer of soil pathogens and achieve a 100% interception rate for soil root-knot nematodes.

[0025] The composite phase change layer of this invention comprises butyl stearate and expanded graphite, wherein the mass ratio of butyl stearate to expanded graphite is 3.5~4.5:1. The preparation method of the composite phase change layer of this invention includes: mixing liquid butyl stearate and expanded graphite for 30~60 min to obtain a mixture; impregnating the mixture under vacuum pressure ≤0.1 MPa and temperature of 40~50℃ for 2~3 h to obtain a composite slurry; and then cold pressing it at 5~10 MPa and 20~25℃. The preparation method of this invention increases the heat storage density (≥180 J / g) through vacuum impregnation, ensures the structural stability of the composite phase change layer through cold pressing, and shortens the thermal reaction time, reducing temperature fluctuations. The thickness of the composite phase change layer in this invention is 2.0~3.5 mm, preferably 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, 3 mm, or 3.5 mm. In this invention, the phase change point of the butyl stearate is 25±0.5℃. When the temperature is below 15℃, the composite phase change layer releases heat; when the temperature is above 25℃, the composite phase change layer stores heat. The thermal conductivity of the expanded graphite is ≥150 W / m·K. In this invention, the solid-liquid phase change of the butyl stearate composite phase change layer absorbs excess daytime heat with a heat storage density ≥180 J / g, and the expanded graphite exhibits a rapid thermal response within 30 minutes, achieving rapid heat storage and release in vegetable roots, allowing the root temperature to fluctuate within the range of -2℃ to 2℃. In this invention, the HDPE geomembrane, basalt fiber layer, butyl stearate, and expanded graphite are commercially available products.

[0026] In this invention, a light-transmitting window (9) with a light transmittance ≥85% is fitted inside the cavity of the groove. The light-transmitting window is preferably a PC light-transmitting window. PC is a thermoplastic engineering plastic with excellent transparency, impact resistance, and heat resistance. This invention does not specifically limit the size of the light-transmitting window, as long as it meets the field-of-view coverage requirements of hyperspectral imaging. As an optional implementation, the length of the light-transmitting window is 30~50 cm, preferably 40 cm; the width is 15~30 cm, preferably 20 cm. The light-transmitting window of this invention is connected to an integrated hyperspectral sensor. The wavelength range of the hyperspectral sensor is 400~1000 nm. The root bleaching index (BDI) is calculated in real time by the hyperspectral sensor. R / textwhite As shown in Equation 1, Formula 1; In the formula, R / textwhite I is the root bleaching index. 550 I represents the root reflection intensity at a wavelength of 550 nm. 700 The root reflection intensity is measured at a wavelength of 700 nm. A disease warning is triggered when the root bleaching index is greater than 0.25.

[0027] In this invention, the dual-effect atomization system includes a root atomization pipe (5) and a canopy atomization pipe (9). The root atomization pipe is placed on both sides of the tank cavity, and the vertical distance between the root atomization pipe and the tank surface is 20-30 cm, preferably 20 cm, 23 cm, 25 cm, 27 cm, or 30 cm. In this invention, multiple nozzles (8) are equidistantly arranged on the root atomization pipe. The nozzles are vortex nozzles, and the distance between the vortex nozzles is 20-30 cm. The working pressure of the vortex nozzles is 0.6-1.0 MPa, preferably 0.7 MPa, 0.8 MPa, or 0.9 MPa. The droplet diameter ejected by the vortex nozzles is 18-22 µm, preferably 19 µm, 20 µm, or 21 µm. This invention utilizes vortex nozzles on a root atomizing pipe to generate ultrafine droplets through high-pressure swirling, causing the nutrient solution to form an aerosol within the tank cavity. This achieves rapid heat transfer or diffusion regulation of the root microenvironment, maintaining root temperature. In this invention, the canopy atomizing pipe is placed on a fixed plant board, and multiple canopy micro-nozzles (10) are equidistantly arranged on the canopy atomizing pipe. These canopy micro-nozzles are centrifugal nozzles, and the droplet diameter emitted by the centrifugal nozzles is 45-55 µm, preferably 46 µm, 48 µm, 50 µm, 52 µm, or 54 µm. The centrifugal nozzle includes a variable-speed rotating disk with a rotation speed adjustment range of 2000-5000 rpm. The canopy micro-nozzles on the canopy atomizing pipe of this invention generate larger droplets through mechanical centrifugal force, enhancing the adhesion of droplets to the canopy leaf surface, reducing drift loss, and achieving functions such as leaf surface wetting and cooling spraying. In this invention, the distance between the canopy micro-sprinklers is set according to the type of vegetable. As an optional implementation, the distance between the canopy micro-sprinklers for solanaceous vegetables is 25-35 cm, and the distance for leafy vegetables is 10-15 cm. This invention achieves intelligent environmental control of the root system and canopy through a dual-effect atomization system, which works in conjunction with the trough to maintain root zone temperature fluctuations no higher than 2°C, solving problems such as salinization, large temperature differences, and high incidence of diseases.

[0028] In this invention, the dual-effect atomization system further includes an information acquisition module and a control module. The information acquisition module includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a leaf area index (LAI) sensor, and an integrated hyperspectral sensor. The information acquisition module is configured according to the monitoring purpose; as an optional implementation, it is installed every 4-6 m... 2One set of temperature and humidity sensors is installed, with monitoring conducted at three levels: 15-25 cm underground, 45-55 cm in the canopy, and 0.8-1.5 m above ground. The control module includes functions for triggering and shutting down the root atomizing pipes, storing and releasing heat in the composite phase change layer, triggering and shutting down the canopy micro-sprinklers, deploying and shutting down the shading net, switching the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio in the nutrient solution, and triggering and shutting down disease warnings. The operating mechanism of this invention involves the information acquisition module collecting temperature, humidity, leaf area index (LAI), and integrated spectral information, which is then transmitted to the control module. The control module then issues information to control the triggering and shutting down of the root atomizing pipes, the storage and release of heat in the composite phase change layer, the triggering and shutting down of the canopy micro-sprinklers, the deployment and shutting down of the shading net, the switching of the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio in the nutrient solution, and the triggering and shutting down of disease warnings.

[0029] The present invention also provides an application of the aforementioned ground-embedded aeroponic system in vegetable cultivation.

[0030] This invention also provides a ground-embedded intelligent system suitable for vegetable cultivation, including the aforementioned ground-embedded aeroponic system, nutrient solution, ventilation pipes, and shade netting. In this invention, the vegetables include solanaceous vegetables, leafy vegetables, and root vegetables. The ground-embedded aeroponic system in this invention is the same as described above and will not be repeated here. In this invention, after vegetable seeds are cultivated into seedlings, they are placed in planting baskets, and the ventilation pipes are placed inside the trough cavity. The nutrient solution is atomized and sprayed into the trough cavity by the nozzles of the ground-embedded aeroponic system, providing nutrition to the vegetables through the vegetable roots placed in the trough cavity. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio in the nutrient solution of this invention is not specifically limited and can be adjusted according to the vegetable type, growth stage, and environmental conditions. In this invention, a disease warning is triggered when the root whitening index is >0.25. 45-55 ppm of chitosan nanoparticles are added to the nutrient solution. The preferred concentration of the chitosan nanoparticles is 45 ppm, 50 ppm, or 55 ppm, which can achieve an antibacterial rate of over 90%. This invention effectively blocks diseases through physical isolation of the trough and monitoring of chemical antibacterial activity via a light-transmitting window. In this invention, the ventilation duct is placed at the bottom of the trough cavity of the ground-embedded aeroponic system. The ventilation duct is connected to a negative pressure fan, and the fan is adjusted to maintain an air velocity of 2±0.3 m / s. In this invention, the shade net is installed on the top layer of the ground-embedded aeroponic system, and its support is embedded in the top support structure of the aeroponic system, allowing for retraction and expansion. This invention adjusts the coverage time, height, and range of the shade net according to the growth cycle, photoperiod, and light requirements of different crops, ensuring that the shadow of the shade net completely covers the trough cavity of the aeroponic system, thus protecting the vegetable canopy and adapting to canopy development needs.

[0031] This invention also provides a method for using the aforementioned ground-embedded intelligent system suitable for vegetable cultivation. When the humidity in the trough cavity is >90%, the root atomizing pipes and canopy micro-sprinklers in the ground-embedded aeroponic system are closed, and the ventilation pipes are activated. The wind speed of the ventilation pipes is controlled to 2±0.3 m / s by a negative pressure fan. When the humidity in the trough cavity is <50%, the root atomizing pipes and canopy micro-sprinklers in the ground-embedded aeroponic system are closed, and the ventilation pipes are shut off. This invention maintains the humidity of the root area by controlling the humidity in the trough cavity within the range of 60%~80%, thereby improving yield and resource efficiency. When the air temperature is >35℃, the shade net is deployed, with a shading rate of 65~75%. The canopy micro-sprinklers in the ground-embedded aeroponic system are activated, with a spraying rate of 45~55 mL / min, preferably 45 mL / min, 50 mL / min, or 55 mL / min. The spraying frequency is 14~16 sprays every 30 minutes. s; Adjusting the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio in the nutrient solution according to the leaf area index is an optional implementation method. For solanaceous vegetables, when the leaf area index is >3.5, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio is (1.5~2):1:(3~4); when the leaf area index is ≤3.5, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio is (2.5~3.5):1:(1.8~3). For cucurbitaceous vegetables, when the leaf area index is >3.5, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio is (1.8... When the leaf area index is ≤3.5, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is (3~4):1:(1.5~2.5); for root vegetables, when the leaf area index is >3.5, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is (1.3~1.7):(1~1.4):(2.8~3.2), and when the leaf area index is ≤3.5, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is (2~3.5):1:(1~2.5). When the root bleaching index is >0.25, a disease warning is triggered, and 45~60 ppm of chitosan nanoparticles are added to the nutrient solution. The concentration of the chitosan nanoparticles is preferably 45 ppm, 50 ppm, or 55 ppm.

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but these should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0033] Unless otherwise specified, the materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples are commercially available. Unless otherwise specified, they are generally used under conventional conditions or under conditions recommended by the company.

[0034] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the composite phase change layer is as follows: melt mixing: butyl stearate is heated to liquid state (≥28℃), expanded graphite is added at a mass ratio of 4:1, and stirred at a constant temperature for 30-60 min; vacuum impregnation: the mixture is transferred into a vacuum reactor (pressure ≤0.1 MPa), and impregnated at 40-50℃ for 2-3 h to ensure that the pores of the expanded graphite fully adsorb the phase change material; pressing and molding: the composite slurry is injected into a mold and cold-pressed at a pressure of 5-10 MPa and a temperature of 20-25℃, with the thickness controlled at 2.0-3.5 mm.

[0035] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a ground-embedded aeroponic system, including a tank and a dual-effect atomization system.

[0036] The trough is a semi-cylindrical structure with its surface flush with the ground. The trough width is 40 cm, and the vertical distance from the trough surface to the bottom is 40 cm. A 1 m long fixed plant board (6) is continuously laid on the trough surface, with planting baskets (7) spaced 20 cm x 25 cm apart. The trough consists of layers of HDPE geomembrane (2), basalt fiber layer (3), and composite phase change layer (4) stacked sequentially from the outside in. Each layer is continuously arranged along the trough wall, and adjacent layers are tightly bonded. The HDPE geomembrane has a thickness of 1.2 mm and a puncture strength ≥ 500 N. The basalt fiber layer has a thickness of 2.0 cm, forming a double composite geomembrane structure with a pressure resistance ≥ 40 MPa. The composite phase change layer is composed of a mixture of butyl stearate and expanded graphite in a 4:1 mass ratio, and has a thickness of 3.0 mm. The composite phase change layer (4) forms a tank cavity inside, and a ventilation pipe is placed at the bottom of the tank cavity. Nutrient solution is sprayed into the tank cavity through a nozzle to provide nutrition for the vegetable roots. The tank cavity is fitted with a PC light-transmitting window (11) with a light transmittance of ≥85% and a size of 40 cm × 20 cm.

[0037] The dual-effect atomization system includes a root atomization pipe (5), a canopy atomization pipe (9), an information acquisition module, and a control module. The root atomization pipe is installed along both sides of the tank cavity, with a vertical distance of 25 cm from the tank surface. Multiple vortex nozzles are installed on the root atomization pipe at 20 cm intervals. The working pressure of each vortex nozzle is 0.8 MPa, and the diameter of the sprayed droplets is 20 µm. Multiple canopy micro-centrifugal nozzles are installed on the canopy atomization pipe at 15 cm intervals, and the diameter of the sprayed droplets from each centrifugal nozzle is 50 µm. The information acquisition module includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a leaf area index (LAI) sensor, and an integrated hyperspectral sensor, with sensors installed every 5 m... 2One set of temperature and humidity sensors is set up (three layers for monitoring: 20 cm underground, 50 cm in the canopy, and 1 m above the ground). Other sensors are set up as usual. After collecting temperature, humidity, leaf area index (LAI), and integrated spectral information through the information acquisition module, the data is transmitted to the control module. The control module sends information to control the triggering and closing of the root atomizing pipes, the heat storage and release of the composite phase change layer, and the triggering and closing of the canopy micro-sprinklers.

[0038] Example 2 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the width of the tank surface is 50 cm, and the height of the tank surface from the bottom of the tank is 50 cm. The root atomizing pipes are placed on both sides inside the tank surface, each 30 cm from the tank surface. Multiple vortex nozzles are arranged on the root atomizing pipes at 25 cm intervals, and multiple canopy micro-centrifugal nozzles are arranged on the canopy atomizing pipes at 25 cm intervals.

[0039] Example 3 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the trough is a semi-elliptical cylinder, the width of the trough surface is 40 cm, and the height of the trough surface from the bottom of the trough is 30 cm.

[0040] Example 4 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that the trough is a semi-elliptical cylinder, the width of the trough surface is 50 cm, and the height of the trough surface from the bottom of the trough is 40 cm.

[0041] Example 5 like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a surface-embedded intelligent system suitable for vegetable cultivation: In Example 1, a glass fiber reinforced polypropylene plant fixing board with a width of 60 cm, a length of 1 m, and a hole diameter of 2 mm was placed on the surface of the ground-embedded aeroponic system. Plastic planting baskets with a spacing of 2 mm diameter were set on the plant fixing board, with a spacing of 20 cm × 25 cm. After the vegetable seeds were cultivated into seedlings, they were placed in the planting baskets for hydroponics. When the root temperature of vegetables is below 15℃, the composite phase change layer releases heat; when the root temperature is above 25℃, the composite phase change layer stores heat. When the humidity in the trough cavity is >90%, the root atomization pipe is closed, and the negative pressure fan is started to make the wind speed in the ventilation pipe 2 m / s. When the humidity in the trough cavity is <50%, the root atomization pipe in the ground-embedded atomization system is opened, and the ventilation pipe is closed. When the air temperature is >35℃, the shading net with a shading rate of 65% is unfolded, the canopy micro-sprayer is turned on, and spraying is done for 15 seconds every 30 minutes at a rate of 50 mL / min. When cultivating lettuce, when the leaf area index is >3.5, the N:P:K ratio is 2:1:3; when the leaf area index is ≤3.5, the N:P:K ratio is 3:1:2. When the root bleaching index is >0.25, a disease warning is triggered, and 50 ppm chitosan nanoparticles are added to the nutrient solution.

[0042] Example 6 A surface-embedded intelligent system suitable for vegetable cultivation: In Example 2, a 70 cm wide and 1.5 m long fixed plant board is placed on the surface of the ground-embedded aeroponic system. Plastic planting baskets with a diameter of 2 mm are set on the fixed plant board. After the vegetable seeds are cultivated into seedlings, they are placed in the planting baskets for hydroponics. When the root temperature of vegetables is below 15℃, the composite phase change layer releases heat; when the root temperature is above 25℃, the composite phase change layer stores heat. When the humidity in the trough cavity is >90%, the root atomization pipe is closed, and the ventilation pipe is activated, with the wind speed set to 2 m / s. When the humidity in the trough cavity is <50%, the root atomization pipe in the ground-embedded aeroponic system is opened, and the ventilation pipe is closed. When the air temperature is >35℃, a shading net with a 70% shading rate is deployed, and the canopy micro-sprayer is activated, spraying for 16 seconds every 30 minutes at a rate of 55 mL / min. In cucumber cultivation, when the leaf area index is >3.5, the N:P:K ratio is 2:1:4; when the leaf area index is ≤3.5, the N:P:K ratio is 3.5:1:2. When the root bleaching index is >0.25, a disease warning is triggered, and 55 ppm chitosan nanoparticles are added to the nutrient solution.

[0043] Example 7 A surface-embedded intelligent system suitable for vegetable cultivation: In Example 3, a 70 cm wide and 1 m long fixed plant board is placed on the trough of the ground-embedded aeroponic system. Plastic planting baskets with a diameter of 2 mm are set on the fixed plant board. After the vegetable seeds are cultivated into seedlings, they are placed in the planting baskets for hydroponics. When the root temperature of vegetables is below 15℃, the composite phase change layer releases heat; when the root temperature is above 25℃, the composite phase change layer stores heat. When the humidity in the trough cavity is >90%, the root atomization pipe is closed, and the ventilation pipe is activated, with a wind speed of 2 m / s. When the humidity in the trough cavity is <50%, the root atomization pipe in the ground-embedded aeroponic system is opened, and the ventilation pipe is closed. When the air temperature is >35℃, a shading net with a 70% shading rate is deployed, and the canopy micro-sprinklers are activated, spraying for 15 seconds every 30 minutes at a rate of 50 mL / min, while simultaneously deploying the shading net with a 70% shading rate. In potato cultivation, when the leaf area index is >3.5, the N:P:K ratio is 1.5:1.2:3; when the leaf area index is ≤3.5, the N:P:K ratio is 2.5:1:2. When the root bleaching index is >0.25, a disease warning is triggered, and 45% N:P:K is added to the nutrient solution. ppm chitosan nanoparticles.

[0044] Example 8 A surface-embedded intelligent system suitable for vegetable cultivation: In Example 4, a 60 cm wide and 1 m long fixed plant board is placed on the surface of the ground-embedded aeroponic system. Plastic planting baskets with a diameter of 2 mm are set on the fixed plant board. After the vegetable seeds are cultivated into seedlings, they are placed in the planting baskets for hydroponics. When the root temperature of vegetables is below 15℃, the composite phase change layer releases heat; when the root temperature is above 25℃, the composite phase change layer stores heat. When the humidity in the trough cavity is >90%, the root atomization pipe is closed, and the ventilation pipe is activated, with a wind speed of 2 m / s. When the humidity in the trough cavity is <50%, the root atomization pipe in the ground-embedded aeroponic system is opened, and the ventilation pipe is closed. When the air temperature is >35℃, a shading net with a 75% shading rate is deployed, and the canopy micro-sprayers are activated, spraying for 14 seconds every 30 minutes at a rate of 45 mL / min, while simultaneously deploying the 75% shading net. During tomato cultivation, when the leaf area index is >3.5, the N:P:K ratio is 1.5:1:3.5; when the leaf area index is ≤3.5, the N:P:K ratio is 3:1:2.5. When the root bleaching index is >0.25, a disease warning is triggered, and 50 mg of nutrient solution is added. ppm chitosan nanoparticles.

[0045] Comparative Example 1 Traditional vegetable soil cultivation involves planting vegetables directly in the soil and watering and fertilizing them according to their different growth stages and conditions.

[0046] Experimental Example 1 This invention uses the cold-resistant lettuce variety "Xueguan No. 1" and conducts experiments in two fields in Zhangye, Gansu Province, where the diurnal temperature range is >25℃ and the soil EC value is >4 ms / cm. Lettuce seeds were soaked in cool water for 4-6 hours, dried, and then placed on seedling sponges in plastic seedling trays. Seedlings were raised in a climate chamber with a temperature of 18±0.5℃ and a humidity of 70%±5%, keeping the seeds moist by spraying water. After 10 days, when the seedling roots reached 5-7 cm in length, robust and well-developed seedlings were selected and transplanted into the corresponding systems of Example 5 and Comparative Example 1. Before transplanting, 5℃ PCM microcapsules and 5% seaweed extract were added to the root zone of both systems to adapt to environmental changes and improve root resistance. Then, the lettuce was cultivated according to the methods of Example 5 and Comparative Example 1, respectively. Based on the growth characteristics of lettuce, the target daytime temperature was 20-22℃ and the target nighttime temperature was 16-18℃ during the 1-7 day seedling establishment period; the target daytime temperature was 18-20℃ and the target nighttime temperature was 14-16℃ during the 8-30 day rosette stage; and the target daytime temperature was 16-18℃ and the target nighttime temperature was 12-14℃ during the 31-55 day heading stage. After 55-60 days of cultivation, both Comparative Example 1 and Example 5 had completed the lettuce heading stage. The improvement effects of Example 5 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 1.

[0047] Table 1. Improvement effects of different indicators on lettuce

[0048] The 15% yield increase was achieved through a combination of factors: a 7% increase in single-crop biomass (LAI dynamic nutrient optimization) and an 8% increase in the number of crop cycles per year (shortened growth cycle effect). Furthermore, during lettuce cultivation, when the nighttime ambient temperature was -10°C, the temperature in the system of Comparative Example 1 was 8.5°C, and the temperature in the system of Example 5 was 14.2°C. This invention reduces the typical diurnal temperature range of over 25°C in high-altitude areas to below 6°C, mitigating the adverse effects of excessive diurnal temperature variations on vegetables. Additionally, the lettuce cultivated in Example 5 of this invention contained 35 mg / 100 g of vitamin C, significantly higher than the 28 mg / 100 g of lettuce grown in plains areas.

[0049] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A surface-embedded aeroponic system, characterized in that, The system includes a tank body and a dual-effect atomization system. The tank body consists of an HDPE geomembrane, a basalt fiber layer, and a composite phase change layer, arranged sequentially from the outside in. The space within the composite phase change layer forms a tank cavity. The tank body is embedded in the ground surface, making its surface flush with the ground. A plant fixing board is laid on the tank surface. Planting baskets are placed on the plant fixing board. The dual-effect atomization system includes root atomization pipes and canopy atomization pipes. The root atomization pipes are located within the tank cavity and have multiple nozzles. The canopy atomization pipes have multiple canopy micro-nozzles.

2. The surface-embedded aeroponic system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cavity of the groove is fitted with a light-transmitting window.

3. The surface-embedded aeroponic system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The components of the composite phase change layer include butyl stearate and expanded graphite.

4. The surface-embedded aeroponic system according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The method for preparing the composite phase change layer includes: mixing liquid butyl stearate and expanded graphite for 30-60 min to obtain a mixture, impregnating the mixture under vacuum pressure ≤0.1 MPa and temperature of 40-50℃ for 2-3 h to obtain a composite slurry, and then cold pressing it under 5-10 MPa and 20-25℃.

5. The surface-embedded aeroponic system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-effect atomization system also includes an information acquisition module and a control module.

6. The surface-embedded aeroponic system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The information acquisition module includes a temperature and humidity sensor, a leaf area index (LAI) sensor, and an integrated hyperspectral sensor.

7. The application of the ground-embedded aeroponic system according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in vegetable cultivation.

8. A surface-embedded intelligent system suitable for vegetable cultivation, characterized in that, The system includes the ground-embedded aeroponic system, nutrient solution, ventilation pipe, and shade net as described in any one of claims 1 to 5; the nutrient solution is atomized and sprayed into the tank cavity by the nozzle of the ground-embedded aeroponic system; the ventilation pipe is placed inside the tank cavity of the ground-embedded aeroponic system; and the shade net is installed on the top layer of the ground-embedded aeroponic system.

9. The method of using the surface-embedded intelligent system for vegetable cultivation as described in claim 8, characterized in that, When the humidity in the trough cavity is >90%, close the root atomizing pipes in the ground-embedded aeroponic system and start the ventilation pipes; when the humidity in the trough cavity is <50%, open the root atomizing pipes in the ground-embedded aeroponic system and close the ventilation pipes; when the air temperature is >35℃, unfold the shade net and turn on the canopy micro-sprinklers in the ground-embedded aeroponic system; switch the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio in the nutrient solution according to the leaf area index; when the root bleaching index is >0.25, trigger a disease warning and add 45~55 ppm of chitosan nanoparticles to the nutrient solution.

10. The method of use according to claim 9, characterized in that, The spraying rate of the canopy micro-sprayer is 45~55 mL / min, and the spraying frequency is 15±1 s every 30 minutes.

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