A special grinding equipment for crankshafts

Abstract

This invention discloses a dedicated crankshaft grinding equipment, belonging to the technical field of machining equipment. It includes a base, with a machining table positioned at the center of the top of the base. Three-jaw chucks are evenly arranged in a circular array on the top of the machining table. This invention, by evenly distributing multiple sets of three-jaw chucks in a circular array on the top of the machining table, allows for the simultaneous clamping and fixing of multiple crankshafts during machining. A drive mechanism consisting of a drive chamber, main gear, driven gear, mounting column, and drive motor controls the simultaneous rotation of multiple crankshafts. Furthermore, a position adjustment mechanism consisting of a hydraulic cylinder, adjusting chamber, turntable, flat thread, mounting block, mounting chamber, rotating shaft, worm gear, worm, and rotary motor synchronously adjusts the positions of multiple cutting heads. This allows the device to perform multi-station simultaneous turning during machining, increasing the machining speed and reducing labor and production costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a turning apparatus, and more particularly to a grinding apparatus for crankshafts, belonging to the field of machining equipment technology. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional crankshaft grinding equipment typically employs a single-station or dual-station design, capable of clamping, positioning, and grinding only 1-2 crankshafts at a time. The processing involves a complete cycle of loading, clamping, machining, and unloading, resulting in a long processing time for a single crankshaft and low output per unit time. For example, traditional equipment for automotive engine crankshafts typically produces less than 200 pieces per day, while a single production line in a major automaker can demand over 500 pieces per day, highlighting a significant mismatch between equipment capacity and market demand. Furthermore, multi-station equipment often suffers from inconsistent crankshaft rotation speeds due to independent control of the drive mechanisms at each station, hindering synchronous processing and further restricting production efficiency. This also increases the workload of manual monitoring and adjustment, leading to high labor and time costs.

[0003] The crankshaft's main journal and connecting rod journal are core mating parts, and their roundness and cylindricity requirements typically need to be controlled within 0.005mm, and coaxiality ≤0.01mm. Traditional equipment often uses a single bottom chuck for crankshaft clamping, positioning only one end of the crankshaft with a three-jaw chuck, while the other end lacks effective centering and reinforcement. During high-speed grinding, the crankshaft is prone to radial runout or axial movement due to centrifugal force, leading to out-of-tolerance journal dimensions and surface chatter marks after grinding. Furthermore, some equipment relies on manual operation for cutting head position adjustment, making it difficult to precisely synchronize the feed rates of each cutting head, and causing inconsistencies in crankshaft dimensions within the same batch during multi-station machining.

[0004] Crankshaft grinding generates a large amount of metal shavings. Traditional equipment lacks a synchronous, automated shavings cleaning mechanism, causing shavings to accumulate on the machining table surface, chuck clamping gaps, and cutting head edges. On the one hand, accumulated shavings alter the actual positioning height of the crankshaft, leading to a shift in the reference for subsequent machining and further reducing accuracy. On the other hand, if fine shavings enter the equipment's transmission components, they will exacerbate component wear, shorten equipment lifespan, and increase maintenance frequency and costs. Existing cleaning methods mostly rely on manual periodic blowing or wiping, which not only interrupts the machining process but also fails to clean thoroughly. In particular, shavings in hard-to-reach areas such as the edges of the machining table and the inside of the protective cover are difficult to remove, and long-term accumulation can easily lead to equipment failure.

[0005] Different crankshaft models have varying journal diameters and pitches, requiring adjustments to the radial feed rate of the cutting head to suit machining needs. Traditional equipment often employs a single-head independent adjustment structure for cutting head adjustment, necessitating manual rotation of lead screws or knobs to adjust the position of each cutting head individually. This process is time-consuming and struggles to guarantee consistent positional accuracy across all cutting heads. While some equipment features electric adjustment capabilities, the lack of a precise transmission mechanism allows the cutting head to easily shift due to vibration after adjustment, leading to dimensional deviations in the machining process. Furthermore, the relative position adjustment between the cutting head and the crankshaft relies on manual judgment, lacking visual or automated positioning assistance, resulting in low changeover efficiency and difficulty in quickly responding to the flexible production demands of various crankshaft models.

[0006] In summary, given the shortcomings of existing crankshaft grinding equipment in terms of efficiency, precision, cleaning, adaptability, and automation, there is an urgent need to develop a specialized grinding equipment with multi-station synchronous processing, automatic centering and reinforcement, real-time chip cleaning, and synchronous adjustment of the cutting head. This equipment would meet the demands of large-scale, high-precision, and intelligent crankshaft production, reduce production costs, and enhance product competitiveness.

[0007] To address these issues, a dedicated crankshaft grinding machine was designed. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The main objective of this invention is to provide a dedicated crankshaft grinding equipment. Multiple sets of three-jaw chucks are evenly distributed in a circular array on the top of the machining table, allowing for the simultaneous clamping and fixing of multiple crankshafts during machining. A drive mechanism consisting of a drive chamber, main gear, driven gear, mounting column, and drive motor controls the simultaneous rotation of multiple crankshafts. Furthermore, a position adjustment mechanism consisting of a hydraulic cylinder, adjustment chamber, turntable, flat thread, mounting block, mounting chamber, rotating shaft, worm gear, worm, and rotary motor synchronously adjusts the positions of multiple cutting heads. This allows the device to perform multi-station simultaneous turning during machining, increasing the machining speed and reducing labor and production costs. The equipment also features a rotating mechanism on the outer side of the machining table... The gear ring meshing with the driven gear, along with the outer casing, groove, air pump, air guide pipe, and nozzle, forms a cleaning mechanism. This mechanism allows the device to clean up the turning debris generated during machining, collecting it on the inner side of the casing for easy debris collection, thus improving the device's functionality. A centering and reinforcing mechanism, consisting of a first cylinder, first piston, mounting rod, center, second cylinder, second piston, push rod, drain pipe, first one-way pressure relief valve, circulation pipe, and second one-way pressure relief valve, automatically centers and reinforces the top of the crankshaft before the cutting head moves downwards for turning. This improves the crankshaft's stability and machining accuracy. Furthermore, after machining is complete, the locking state is automatically released as the mounting plate moves upwards, enhancing its practicality.

[0009] The objective of this invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solution:

[0010] A crankshaft grinding machine includes a base, a processing table at the middle of the top of the base, three-jaw chucks evenly arranged in a circular array on the top of the processing table, and a drive mechanism for controlling the synchronous rotation of the three-jaw chucks between the inside of the base and the processing table.

[0011] The top of the base and the outside of the processing table are provided with a protective cover, and the top of the base is provided with a cleaning mechanism for removing debris from the surface of the processing table.

[0012] A gantry is fixed between the two sides of the top of the base. A hydraulic cylinder is vertically installed in the middle of the top of the gantry. The output end of the hydraulic cylinder faces the base. An installation plate is horizontally installed at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder. A support column is fixed in the middle of the bottom of the installation plate. Cutting heads are evenly arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the support column. The inside of the support column is equipped with a position adjustment mechanism to control the synchronous extension and retraction of the cutting heads.

[0013] Centering and reinforcing mechanisms are evenly distributed on the outer side of the top of the mounting plate, and each centering and reinforcing mechanism is located directly above the three-jaw chuck.

[0014] Preferably, the drive mechanism includes a drive chamber, a main gear, a driven gear, mounting columns, and a drive motor. The drive chamber is located inside the machining table. The main gear is rotatably mounted at the center of the bottom of the drive chamber. Driven gears are evenly meshed on the outer side of the main gear. The number of driven gears is the same as that of the three-jaw chuck. The bottom of the driven gears is rotatably connected to the bottom of the drive chamber via a shaft. Mounting columns are fixed to the top of each driven gear, and the top of the mounting columns extends to the top of the machining table. The three-jaw chucks are respectively mounted on the top of the mounting columns. The drive motor is installed inside the base, and the output end of the drive motor is connected to the main gear.

[0015] Preferably, there are four sets of driven gears, and the spacing between adjacent driven gears is the same, with the radius of the driven gear being smaller than that of the main gear.

[0016] Preferably, the cleaning mechanism includes a toothed ring, an outer shell, a groove, an air pump, an air guide pipe, and a nozzle. The toothed ring is fitted around the outside of the processing table and rotatably mounted on the top of the base. One side of the driven gear extends to the outside of the processing table, and the outside of the driven gear meshes with the inside of the toothed ring. An outer shell is fitted around the outside of the toothed ring and is fixedly connected to the top of the base. The inner wall of the outer shell fits against the outside of the toothed ring. A groove is formed circumferentially at the bottom of the toothed ring. An air guide pipe communicating with the inside of the groove is vertically mounted on the top of the toothed ring. A nozzle is installed at an angle on the top of the air guide pipe, and the bottom end of the nozzle is angled towards the top of the processing table. An air pump is installed inside the base, and the output end of the air pump is connected to the inside of the groove through a pipe.

[0017] Preferably, the protective cover has a cleaning port on its side, and a door panel is vertically inserted into the cleaning port. Guide strips are provided on both sides of the door panel, and guide grooves are provided on the side of the cleaning port.

[0018] Preferably, the position adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment chamber, a turntable, a flat thread, a mounting block, and a rotating assembly. The cross-sectional shape of the support column is convex. An adjustment chamber is provided at the bottom of the support column. A turntable is rotatably installed at the bottom of the adjustment chamber. A flat thread is provided at the top of the turntable. A mounting block is uniformly slidably installed circumferentially at the bottom of the outer side of the support column. The mounting block is perpendicular to the tangential direction. The bottom end of the mounting block engages with the flat thread. Cutting heads are respectively installed at the outer ends of the mounting blocks. A rotating assembly for controlling the rotation of the turntable is provided at the top of the support column.

[0019] Preferably, the rotating assembly includes a mounting chamber, a rotating shaft, a worm gear, a worm, and a rotary motor. The mounting chamber is located at the inner top of the support column. The rotating shaft is vertically and rotatably mounted inside the mounting chamber. The bottom end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the middle position of the turntable. The top end of the rotating shaft is fixedly mounted with a worm gear. The rotary motor is mounted on the outer side of the support column. The output end of the rotary motor is equipped with a worm gear that meshes with the worm gear.

[0020] Preferably, the top of the mounting plate is uniformly and vertically fixed with sliding rods, which are slidably connected to the gantry.

[0021] Preferably, the centering and reinforcing mechanism includes a first cylinder, a first piston, a mounting rod, a center, a first one-way pressure relief valve, and a return assembly. The first cylinder is evenly and vertically arranged on the mounting plate. The interior of the first cylinder is filled with hydraulic oil. The first piston is vertically and slidably arranged inside the first cylinder. The bottom end of the first piston is fixed with a mounting rod. The bottom end of the mounting rod is equipped with a center. The center is coaxial with the three-jaw chuck. The top of the first cylinder is provided with a first one-way pressure relief valve. The top of the mounting plate is provided with a return assembly for collecting and circulating hydraulic oil.

[0022] Preferably, the reflux assembly includes a second cylinder, a second piston, a push rod, a drain pipe, a circulation pipe, and a second one-way pressure relief valve. The second cylinders are evenly arranged on the top of the gantry, and the number of second cylinders is the same as the number of first cylinders. A second piston is slidably arranged inside each second cylinder. A push rod is vertically fixed at the middle position of the bottom end of each second piston. The push rod passes through the gantry and is slidably connected to the gantry. The bottom end of the push rod is in contact with the top of the mounting plate. A drain pipe is provided between the top of the second cylinder and the first one-way pressure relief valve. A circulation pipe is provided between the top of the second cylinder and the side of the first cylinder. A second one-way pressure relief valve is provided on the circulation pipe.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0024] This invention provides a crankshaft-specific grinding equipment. Multiple sets of three-jaw chucks are evenly distributed in a circular array on the top of the processing table, allowing for the simultaneous clamping and fixing of multiple crankshafts during processing. A drive mechanism consisting of a drive chamber, main gear, driven gear, mounting column, and drive motor controls the simultaneous rotation of multiple crankshafts. Furthermore, a position adjustment mechanism consisting of a hydraulic cylinder, adjustment chamber, turntable, flat thread, mounting block, mounting chamber, rotating shaft, worm gear, worm, and rotary motor synchronously adjusts the positions of multiple cutting heads. This allows the device to perform multi-station simultaneous turning during processing, increasing processing speed and reducing labor and production costs.

[0025] By rotating and installing a gear ring that meshes with the driven gear on the outside of the machining table, and combining it with an outer protective shell, groove, air pump, air guide pipe, and nozzle to form a cleaning mechanism, the device can clean up the chips generated during turning and collect them on the inner side of the protective shell for easy chip collection, thus improving the functionality of the device.

[0026] The centering and reinforcing mechanism, consisting of a first cylinder, a first piston, a mounting rod, a center, a second cylinder, a second piston, a push rod, a drain pipe, a first one-way pressure relief valve, a circulation pipe, and a second one-way pressure relief valve, can automatically center and reinforce the top of the crankshaft before the cutting head moves down for turning. This improves the stability of the crankshaft and the machining accuracy. In addition, after machining is completed, the locking state can be automatically released as the mounting plate moves up, making it more practical. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a front sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a crankshaft-specific grinding equipment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a front view of a preferred embodiment of a crankshaft-specific grinding equipment according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the top of the gantry in a preferred embodiment of a crankshaft-specific grinding equipment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a front sectional view of the machining table in a preferred embodiment of a crankshaft-specific grinding equipment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a top sectional view of the machining table in a preferred embodiment of a crankshaft-specific grinding equipment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a preferred embodiment of the bottom structure of the gear ring in a crankshaft-specific grinding equipment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal support of a preferred embodiment of a crankshaft-specific grinding equipment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a diagram of a centering and reinforcing mechanism in a preferred embodiment of a crankshaft-specific grinding equipment of the present invention.

[0035] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Machining table; 3. Three-jaw chuck;

[0036] 4. Drive mechanism; 401. Drive housing; 402. Main gear; 403. Driven gear; 404. Mounting column; 405. Drive motor;

[0037] 5. Protective cover;

[0038] 6. Cleaning mechanism; 601. Toothed ring; 602. Outer shell; 603. Groove; 604. Air pump; 605. Air duct; 606. Nozzle;

[0039] 7. Gantry; 8. Hydraulic cylinder; 9. Mounting plate; 10. Support column; 11. Cutting head;

[0040] 12. Position adjustment mechanism; 1201. Adjustment chamber; 1202. Turntable; 1203. Flat thread; 1204. Mounting block; 1205. Mounting chamber; 1206. Rotating shaft; 1207. Worm gear; 1208. Worm; 1209. Rotary motor;

[0041] 13. Centering and reinforcement mechanism; 1301. First cylinder; 1302. First piston; 1303. Mounting rod; 1304. Center; 1305. Second cylinder; 1306. Second piston; 1307. Push rod; 1308. Drain pipe; 1309. First one-way pressure relief valve; 1310. Circulation pipe; 1311. Second one-way pressure relief valve. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0043] like Figures 1-8 As shown, this embodiment provides a crankshaft-specific grinding equipment, including a base 1, a processing table 2 at the middle position of the top of the base 1, and three-jaw chucks 3 evenly arranged in a circular array on the top of the processing table 2. A drive mechanism 4 for controlling the synchronous rotation of the three-jaw chucks 3 is provided between the inside of the base 1 and the processing table 2.

[0044] A protective cover 5 is provided on the top of the base 1 and on the outside of the processing table 2. A cleaning mechanism 6 for removing debris from the surface of the processing table 2 is provided on the top of the base 1.

[0045] A gantry 7 is fixed between the two sides of the top of the base 1. A hydraulic cylinder 8 is vertically installed at the middle position of the top of the gantry 7. The output end of the hydraulic cylinder 8 faces the base 1. An installation plate 9 is horizontally installed at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 8. A support column 10 is fixed at the middle position of the bottom of the installation plate 9. Cutting heads 11 are evenly arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the support column 10. A position adjustment mechanism 12 for controlling the synchronous extension and retraction of the cutting heads 11 is provided inside the support column 10.

[0046] Centering and reinforcing mechanisms 13 are evenly arranged on the outer side of the top of the mounting plate 9, and the centering and reinforcing mechanisms 13 are located directly above the three-jaw chuck 3.

[0047] Overall working principle: Before turning the crankshaft, the shafts are inserted into the three-jaw chuck 3 to initially fix the crankshaft. Then, the hydraulic cylinder 8 is activated to control the downward movement of the mounting plate 9. The centering and reinforcing mechanism 13 is used to center and reinforce the crankshaft again. During turning, the drive mechanism 4 controls the rotation of the crankshaft on multiple sets of three-jaw chucks 3. At the same time, the hydraulic cylinder 8 is activated again to control the downward movement of the cutting head 11. After reaching the turning position, the position adjustment mechanism 12 controls the horizontal extension and retraction of the cutting head 11 to perform turning on the crankshaft. In addition, during the turning process, the cleaning mechanism 6 is activated to blow the debris that falls to the top of the machining table 2 outward. The debris enters the area between the machining table 2 and the protective cover 5 for unified storage.

[0048] In this embodiment, the drive mechanism 4 includes a drive chamber 401, a main gear 402, a driven gear 403, a mounting column 404, and a drive motor 405. The drive chamber 401 is located inside the processing table 2. The main gear 402 is rotatably mounted at the middle position of the bottom of the drive chamber 401. An annular bearing seat is provided at the bottom of the drive chamber 401. The main gear 402 is rotatably connected to the bearing seat through a deep groove ball bearing. Driven gears 403 are evenly meshed on the outer side of the main gear 402. The number of driven gears 403 is the same as that of the three-jaw chuck 3. The bottom of the driven gear 403 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the drive chamber 401 through a shaft. The shaft at the bottom of the driven gear 403 is connected through a tapered roller bearing. To ensure vertical load-bearing capacity, the driven gear 403 is fixed with a mounting post 404 at its top, and the top of the mounting post 404 extends to the top of the processing table 2. A sealing ring is installed between the mounting post 404 and the through hole at the top of the processing table 2. A dust cover is installed on the outside of the sealing ring to prevent debris from entering the drive chamber 401. The three-jaw chuck 3 is installed on the top of the mounting post 404. The drive motor 405 is installed inside the base 1. The output end of the drive motor 405 is connected to the main gear 402. The drive motor 405 is fixed inside the base 1 by a shock-absorbing base. The base uses rubber vibration isolation pads. The motor output shaft is connected to the main gear 402 by a flexible coupling to compensate for coaxiality error.

[0049] Local working principle: When controlling the crankshaft rotation on the three-jaw chuck 3, the drive motor 405 is started to drive the main gear 402 to rotate. The rotation of the main gear 402 simultaneously controls the rotation of multiple sets of driven gears 403, thereby controlling multiple sets of three-jaw chucks 3 and crankshaft to rotate at the same speed.

[0050] In this embodiment, there are four sets of driven gears 403, and the spacing between adjacent driven gears 403 is the same. The radius of the driven gear 403 is smaller than that of the main gear 402.

[0051] Local working principle: The number of driven gears 403 is the same as the number of three-jaw chucks 3. Multiple sets of driven gears 403 are used to drive and control the three-jaw chucks 3, which improves the turning speed.

[0052] In this embodiment, the cleaning mechanism 6 includes a gear ring 601, an outer protective shell 602, a groove 603, an air pump 604, an air guide pipe 605, and a nozzle 606. The gear ring 601 is sleeved on the outside of the processing table 2 and rotatably mounted on the top of the base 1. The bottom of the gear ring 601 is provided with an annular raceway. A thrust ball bearing is installed at the corresponding position on the top of the base 1. The raceway and the bearing balls cooperate to achieve low-friction rotation. One side of the driven gear 403 extends to the outside of the processing table 2, and the outer side of the driven gear 403 meshes with the inner side of the gear ring 601. The outer protective shell 602 is sleeved on the outside of the gear ring 601. The outer protective shell 602 is fixedly connected to the top of the base 1. The inner wall of the outer protective shell 602 fits against the outer side of the gear ring 601. The bottom of the gear ring 601 is provided with a groove 603 along the circumferential direction. A toothed ring 601 has a vertically mounted air duct 605 that communicates with the inside of the groove 603. A nozzle 606 is mounted at an angle on the top of the air duct 605, with the bottom of the nozzle 606 tilted towards the top of the processing table 2. The nozzle 606 is connected to the air duct 605 via a universal joint, and the tilt angle can be manually adjusted (adjustment range 0°~45°). After adjustment, it is fixed by a locking nut. An air pump 604 is installed inside the base 1. The output end of the air pump 604 is connected to the inside of the groove 603 via a pipe. The air pump 604 is a miniature vortex air pump with a rated pressure of 0.6MPa and a flow rate of 50L / min. The inner diameter of the air duct 605 is 8mm, and the outlet diameter of the nozzle 606 is 2mm, ensuring an airflow velocity ≥30m / s to meet the requirements for debris blowing.

[0053] Local working principle: During the rotation of multiple driven gears 403 driven by the main gear 402, the driven gears 403 control the rotation of the gear ring 601. The nozzle 606 on the top of the gear ring 601 will make a circular motion around the processing table 2. At the same time, the high-pressure gas generated by the air pump 604 is injected into the interior of the groove 603 and discharged through the nozzle 606. While the nozzle 606 is making a circular motion, it can blow the debris off the surface of the processing table 2.

[0054] In this embodiment, a cleaning port is provided on the side of the protective cover 5, and a door panel is vertically inserted into the cleaning port. Guide strips are provided on both sides of the door panel, and a guide groove is provided on the side of the cleaning port.

[0055] Local working principle: When turning is completed or when there is a lot of debris, stop the machine, open the door, sweep the debris out of the cleaning port, and process the debris uniformly.

[0056] In this embodiment, the position adjustment mechanism 12 includes an adjustment chamber 1201, a turntable 1202, a planar thread 1203, a mounting block 1204, and a rotating assembly. The cross-sectional shape of the support column 10 is U-shaped. The adjustment chamber 1201 is provided at the bottom end of the support column 10. The turntable 1202 is rotatably mounted on the inner bottom of the adjustment chamber 1201. The top of the turntable 1202 is provided with a planar thread 1203. The mounting block 1204 is slidably disposed circumferentially at the bottom end of the outer side of the support column 10. Perpendicular to the cutting direction, four T-shaped guide rails are arranged circumferentially on the outer side of the support column 10. T-shaped grooves are machined on the inner side of the mounting block 1204 to cooperate with the guide rails. The surface of the guide rails is plated with hard chrome to improve wear resistance. The bottom end of the mounting block 1204 meshes with the planar thread 1203. The planar thread 1203 adopts a modified gear design with a thread meshing clearance (clearance ≤ 0.05mm). The cutting head 11 is installed on the outer end of the mounting block 1204. The top of the support column 10 is provided with a rotating assembly to control the rotation of the turntable 1202.

[0057] Local working principle: During the turning process, after reaching the turning position, the rotation of the turntable 1202 is controlled by the rotating component. Since the top of the turntable 1202 is engaged with the mounting block 1204 through the planar thread 1203, the rotation of the turntable 1202 will simultaneously control multiple sets of mounting blocks 1204 to drive the horizontal extension and retraction of the cutting head 11 to complete the turning operation. The length of translation of the cutting head 11 is controlled according to the turning depth. When the turning of this area is completed, the rotation of the turntable 1202 is reversed to retract the cutting head 11.

[0058] In this embodiment, the rotating assembly includes a mounting chamber 1205, a rotating shaft 1206, a worm gear 1207, a worm 1208, and a rotary motor 1209. The mounting chamber 1205 is located at the inner top of the support column 10. The rotating shaft 1206 is vertically rotatably mounted inside the mounting chamber 1205. The bottom end of the rotating shaft 1206 is fixedly connected to the middle position of the turntable 1202. The worm gear 1207 is fixedly mounted at the top end of the rotating shaft 1206. The rotary motor 1209 is mounted on the outer side of the support column 10. The output end of the rotary motor 1209 is equipped with a worm 1208 that meshes with the worm gear 1207.

[0059] Local working principle: During the horizontal extension and retraction of the cutting head 11, the rotary motor 1209 is started to control the rotation of the worm 1208. The worm 1208 drives the rotation of the worm wheel 1207, which in turn controls the rotation of the turntable 1202 through the rotating shaft 1206. Due to the self-locking characteristic between the worm wheel 1207 and the worm 1208, the stability of the extension and retraction position of the cutting head 11 can be ensured, thereby improving the turning accuracy.

[0060] In this embodiment, a sliding rod is uniformly and vertically fixed on the top of the mounting plate 9, and the sliding rod is slidably connected to the gantry 7.

[0061] Local working principle: The use of the sliding rod can ensure the stability of the mounting plate 9 when it moves vertically downward, and can prevent the mounting plate 9 from rotating horizontally.

[0062] In this embodiment, the centering and reinforcing mechanism 13 includes a first cylinder 1301, a first piston 1302, a mounting rod 1303, a center 1304, a first one-way pressure relief valve 1309, and a return assembly. The first cylinder 1301 is uniformly and vertically arranged on the mounting plate 9. The interior of the first cylinder 1301 is filled with hydraulic oil, specifically No. 46 anti-wear hydraulic oil. The first piston 1302 is vertically and slidably arranged inside the first cylinder 1301. The first piston 1302 and the cylinder are sealed with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) seal. The bottom end of the piston 1302 is fixed with a mounting rod 1303, and the bottom end of the mounting rod 1303 is equipped with a center 1304. The center 1304 is coaxial with the three-jaw chuck 3. The top of the first cylinder 1301 is provided with a first one-way pressure relief valve 1309. The top of the mounting plate 9 is provided with a return assembly for collecting and circulating hydraulic oil. The opening pressure of the first one-way pressure relief valve 1309 is set to 0.8MPa (calculated based on the maximum machining diameter of the crankshaft and the cutting force) to ensure that the axial pressure applied by the center 1304 is ≥50N.

[0063] Local working principle: When the hydraulic cylinder 8 moves the mounting plate 9 downward, it will move the first cylinder 1301 downward. The tip 1304 will be inserted into the tapered hole at the top of the crankshaft, squeezing and positioning the top of the crankshaft. At this time, the cutting head 11 is still above the crankshaft. During processing, the hydraulic cylinder 8 continues to move the mounting plate 9 downward. At this time, the pressure inside the hydraulic cylinder 8 increases. When it exceeds the set pressure of the first one-way pressure relief valve 1309, the hydraulic oil inside the first cylinder 1301 is squeezed into the interior of the return assembly for storage and subsequent return injection. Since the pressure set by the first one-way pressure relief valve 1309 is constant, the hydraulic oil can only be squeezed out after it exceeds the set pressure. Therefore, the positioning effect of the crankshaft can be guaranteed. During the turning process, the turning is carried out step by step from top to bottom.

[0064] In this embodiment, the reflux assembly includes a second cylinder 1305, a second piston 1306, a push rod 1307, a drain pipe 1308, a circulation pipe 1310, and a second one-way pressure relief valve 1311. The second cylinders 1305 are evenly arranged on the top of the gantry 7, and the number of second cylinders 1305 is the same as the number of first cylinders 1301. The volume ratio of the first cylinders 1301 to the second cylinders 1305 is 1:1.2. The stroke of the second piston 1306 is 5mm longer than the maximum stroke of the first piston 1302 to prevent hydraulic oil from overflowing. Inside the 5, a second piston 1306 is slidably installed. A push rod 1307 is vertically fixed at the middle position of the bottom end of the second piston 1306. The push rod 1307 passes through the gantry 7 and is slidably connected to the gantry 7. The bottom end of the push rod 1307 is in contact with the top of the mounting plate 9. A drain pipe 1308 is provided between the top of the second cylinder 1305 and the first one-way pressure relief valve 1309. A circulation pipe 1310 is provided between the top of the second cylinder 1305 and the side of the first cylinder 1301. A second one-way pressure relief valve 1311 is provided on the circulation pipe 1310.

[0065] Local working principle: Before turning, the bottom end of the push rod 1307 is in contact with the top of the mounting plate 9. During the turning process, the push rod 1307 separates from the mounting plate 9, and the hydraulic oil squeezed by the first cylinder 1301 enters the interior of the second cylinder 1305, controlling the second piston 1306 and the push rod 1307 to move downward. After the crankshaft is turned from top to bottom in a single pass, the hydraulic cylinder 8 drives the mounting plate 9 to reset. During the reset process of the mounting plate 9, it will squeeze the push rod 1307 upward. The push rod 1307 pushes the second piston 1306 to slide inside the second cylinder 1305, and the hydraulic oil flows back to the interior of the first cylinder 1301 through the circulation pipe 1310 for secondary turning.

[0066] The above description is merely a further embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and concept of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crankshaft dedicated grinding apparatus comprising a base, characterized by: A processing table is located at the center of the top of the base. Three-jaw chucks are evenly arranged in a circular array on the top of the processing table. A drive mechanism for controlling the synchronous rotation of the three-jaw chucks is located between the inside of the base and the processing table. The top of the base and the outside of the processing table are provided with a protective cover, and the top of the base is provided with a cleaning mechanism for removing debris from the surface of the processing table. A gantry is fixed between the two sides of the top of the base. A hydraulic cylinder is vertically installed in the middle of the top of the gantry. The output end of the hydraulic cylinder faces the base. An installation plate is horizontally installed at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder. A support column is fixed in the middle of the bottom of the installation plate. Cutting heads are evenly arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the support column. The inside of the support column is equipped with a position adjustment mechanism to control the synchronous extension and retraction of the cutting heads. Centering and reinforcing mechanisms are evenly distributed on the outer side of the top of the mounting plate, and the centering and reinforcing mechanisms are located directly above the three-jaw chuck. The drive mechanism includes a drive housing, a main gear, a driven gear, a mounting column, and a drive motor; The cleaning mechanism includes a toothed ring, an outer casing, grooves, an air pump, an air duct, and a nozzle; When controlling the crankshaft rotation on the three-jaw chuck, the drive motor is started to drive the main gear to rotate. The rotation of the main gear simultaneously controls the rotation of multiple driven gears, thereby controlling multiple sets of three-jaw chucks and the crankshaft to rotate at the same speed. As the main gear drives multiple driven gears to rotate, the driven gears control the rotation of the gear ring. The nozzle on the top of the gear ring will make a circular motion around the processing table. At the same time, the high-pressure gas generated by the air pump is injected into the interior of the groove and discharged through the nozzle. While the nozzle is making a circular motion, it can blow the debris on the surface of the processing table outward. The drive chamber is located inside the processing table. A main gear is rotatably mounted at the center of the bottom of the drive chamber. Driven gears are evenly meshed on the outer side of the main gear. The number of driven gears is the same as that of the three-jaw chuck. The bottom of the driven gears is rotatably connected to the bottom of the drive chamber through a shaft. The top of each driven gear is fixed with a mounting post, and the top of the mounting post extends to the top of the processing table. The three-jaw chucks are respectively mounted on the top of the mounting post. The drive motor is installed inside the base, and the output end of the drive motor is connected to the main gear. The gear ring is fitted on the outside of the processing table and rotatably mounted on the top of the base. One side of the driven gear extends to the outside of the processing table, and the outside of the driven gear meshes with the inside of the gear ring. An outer protective shell is fitted on the outside of the gear ring, and the outer protective shell is fixedly connected to the top of the base. The inner wall of the outer protective shell fits against the outside of the gear ring. A groove is opened circumferentially at the bottom of the gear ring. An air guide pipe that communicates with the inside of the groove is vertically installed on the top of the gear ring. A nozzle is installed at an angle on the top of the air guide pipe, and the bottom end of the nozzle is angled towards the top of the processing table. An air pump is installed inside the base, and the output end of the air pump is connected to the inside of the groove through a pipe. The centering reinforcing mechanism comprises first cylinders, first pistons, mounting rods, tips, first one-way pressure relief valves and return flow assemblies, the first cylinders are uniformly vertically arranged on the mounting disc, the interiors of the first cylinders are filled with hydraulic oil, first pistons are vertically and slidingly arranged in the interiors of the first cylinders, the bottom ends of the first pistons are fixed with mounting rods, the bottom ends of the mounting rods are provided with tips, the tips are coaxial with the three-jaw chuck, the top of the first cylinder is provided with a first one-way pressure relief valve, and the top of the mounting disc is provided with a return flow assembly for collecting and circulating the hydraulic oil. The return flow assembly comprises second cylinders, second pistons, push rods, liquid discharge pipes, circulation pipes and second one-way pressure relief valves, the second cylinders are uniformly arranged on the top of the portal frame, the number of the second cylinders is the same as that of the first cylinders, second pistons are slidingly arranged in the interiors of the second cylinders, push rods are vertically and fixedly arranged at the middle positions of the bottom ends of the second pistons, the push rods penetrate through the portal frame and are slidingly connected with the portal frame, the bottom ends of the push rods are attached to the top of the mounting disc, the top of the second cylinder is provided with a liquid discharge pipe between the first one-way pressure relief valve, and the top of the second cylinder is provided with a circulation pipe between the side of the first cylinder, and the circulation pipe is provided with a second one-way pressure relief valve.

2. The crankshaft dedicated grinding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by: The driven gears are arranged in four groups, and the intervals of adjacent driven gears are the same, and the driven gears are smaller than the radius of the main gear.

3. The crankshaft dedicated grinding apparatus according to claim 2, characterized by: The side of the shroud is provided with a cleaning opening, and a door plate is vertically inserted into the cleaning opening, the two sides of the door plate are provided with guide strips, and the side of the cleaning opening is provided with a guide groove.

4. The crankshaft dedicated grinding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by: The position adjusting mechanism comprises an adjusting bin, a rotating disc, a plane thread, mounting blocks and a rotating assembly, the cross-sectional shape of the support is in the shape of a convex character, the bottom end of the support is provided with an adjusting bin, the inner bottom of the adjusting bin is rotatably provided with a rotating disc, the top of the rotating disc is provided with a plane thread, the bottom end of the outer side of the support is uniformly and slidingly provided with mounting blocks, the mounting blocks are perpendicular to the cutting surface, the bottom end of the mounting blocks is engaged with the plane thread, the cutting heads are respectively arranged at the outer ends of the mounting blocks, and the top of the support is provided with a rotating assembly for controlling the rotation of the rotating disc.

5. The crankshaft dedicated grinding apparatus according to claim 4, characterized by: The rotating assembly comprises a mounting bin, a rotating shaft, a worm wheel, a worm and a rotating motor, the mounting bin is arranged in the inner top of the support, the inner top of the mounting bin is vertically rotatably provided with a rotating shaft, the bottom end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the middle position of the rotating disc, the top end of the rotating shaft is fixedly provided with a worm wheel, the outer side of the support is provided with a rotating motor, and the output end of the rotating motor is provided with a worm engaged with the worm wheel.

6. The crankshaft dedicated grinding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by: The top of the mounting disc is uniformly and vertically fixed with sliding rods, and the sliding rods are slidingly connected with the portal frame.

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