Train steel rail repairing milling cutter, tool changing system and using method of tool changing system

Abstract

The invention discloses a train steel rail repairing milling cutter, a cutter changing system and a using method thereof, and relates to the technical field of machining cutters. The present invention comprises: a cutterhead; the mounting bases are annularly distributed on the circumferential surface of the cutter head, the mounting bases are attached to the circumferential surface of the cutter head and are parallel to the axis of the cutter head, the tail ends of the mounting bases are provided with protrusions extending in the radial direction of the cutter head, and the joints of the protrusions and the mounting bases are in transition through cambered surfaces. When the device is used for milling the steel rail, the mounting base is clamped between the annular back plate and the steel rail, the wedge surface pressing effect of the mounting base and the wedge-shaped block can be strengthened by means of counter-acting force generated by the steel rail, axial displacement of the mounting base making contact with the steel rail is further restrained, meanwhile, active locking compensation can be provided for the mounting base through electromagnetic adsorption force, and the service life of the mounting base is prolonged. After the mounting base is separated from the steel rail, the mounting base does not displace under the action of vibration force generated by repairing the steel rail, and the mounting base is matched with the mechanical self-locking to form a force closed-loop restraint system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cutting tool technology, specifically to a milling cutter for repairing train rails, a tool changing system, and its usage. Background Technology

[0002] Train rail safety is of paramount importance. Long-term and complex wheel-rail interactions can cause wavy wear (corrugation) on the rail surface, which is a periodic undulation and unevenness on the top surface, seriously threatening train safety. Rail milling is a key technology for repairing corrugation. When the milling machine moves, a disc milling cutter is used to perform circumferential milling to remove the hardened layer of the rail, eliminate defects, and restore smoothness.

[0003] However, single-edge damage is prone to occur in the tools on the periphery of the milling cutter. In this case, an uncut island will form on the top of the rail corresponding to the damaged tool, affecting the repair quality of the rail surface. At the same time, the milling load on the tool holder adjacent to the damaged tool will suddenly increase, making it prone to chipping. To prevent the above situation, it is necessary to replace the damaged tool on the milling cutter in a timely manner. The existing tool replacement method based on bolt fixing has an inherent drawback: the replacement process relies heavily on manual labor and special tools for disassembling and installing mechanical fasteners. This process is cumbersome, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and inefficient, and cannot meet the urgent need for fast, convenient, and efficient tool replacement in long-distance, high-intensity rail milling operations. In order to reasonably improve this problem, this invention proposes a train rail repair milling cutter, tool replacement system, and its usage method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solution: Train rail repair milling cutter, including: Cutter head; Mounting bases are distributed in a ring on the circumferential surface of the cutter head. The mounting bases are attached to the circumferential surface of the cutter head and are parallel to the axis of the cutter head. The ends of the mounting bases are constructed with protrusions extending radially along the cutter head, and the connection between the protrusions and the mounting bases is transitioned by an arc surface. A blade holder is installed on the outside of the mounting base. Multiple blades are mounted on the blade holder, and the multiple blades fit against the outer contour of the mounting base and the arc surface. The blades on adjacent blade holders are staggered. An annular backplate is coaxially connected to the end of the circumferential surface of the cutter head. A magnetic plate is connected to the outside of the annular backplate, and an annular electromagnet is installed on the outside of the magnetic plate. Multiple magnetic posts penetrating the annular backplate are constructed on the magnetic plate, and the magnetic posts are magnetically connected to the end of the mounting base. Wedge-shaped blocks are distributed in a ring on the circumference of the cutter head and extend from the annular back plate toward the cutter head. The wedge-shaped blocks are bidirectional tapering wedges. The mounting base has a groove on its inner side, and the wedge-shaped blocks abut against the wedge surface of the groove.

[0005] Furthermore, multiple strip-shaped blocks are distributed in a ring on the circumferential surface of the cutter head, and are staggered with wedge-shaped blocks. The width of the strip-shaped blocks gradually decreases from the annular back plate toward the cutter head. A receiving groove is provided on the opposite side of the mounting base.

[0006] Furthermore, a limiting plate is rotatably fitted on the cutter head. The limiting plate is located at the end of the circumferential surface of the cutter head and movably overlaps with the end of the mounting base. An opening is provided on the outer side of the limiting plate to allow the mounting base to pass through.

[0007] The tool changing system, applied to the aforementioned rail repair milling cutters for trains, includes: The first frame, on which both the cutter head and the limiting plate are rotatably mounted, and the first frame is provided with a driving component for driving the limiting plate to rotate; Rail inspection kit, used to detect residual corrugations on the surface of milled rails; The second frame is located on the other side of the cutter head and is connected to the annular electromagnet through a conductive slip ring. A cutter detection mechanism is installed on the second frame to locate damaged cutters on the cutter head. A storage component is mounted on a first frame, which stores multiple mounting bases. A moving mechanism is mounted on a second frame, which can move the mounting bases on the cutter head or storage component so that the mounting bases can pass through the opening, thereby completing the loading and unloading.

[0008] Furthermore, the rail detection assembly includes a milling disc rotatably mounted on the first frame, which is at the same height as the milling cutter head, and a vibration detection sensor is installed on the milling disc.

[0009] Furthermore, the tool detection mechanism includes a mounting plate located on top of the tool disc and slidingly engaged with a second frame. A cylinder for driving the mounting plate to slide is mounted on the second frame. Multiple industrial cameras at different angles are mounted on the bottom of the mounting plate. A protective mechanism is provided on the second frame to accommodate and protect the industrial cameras when not in use.

[0010] Furthermore, the protective mechanism includes shields that are slidably installed on both sides of the bottom of the mounting plate. The two shields have openings on opposite sides that communicate with their interiors. The shields have obliquely opened strip-shaped waist holes. The second frame is fitted with guide rods that slide tangentially to the inner wall of the strip-shaped waist holes.

[0011] Furthermore, the storage component includes a circular plate connected to the first frame, an annular block rotatably mounted on the circular plate, an annular motor mounted on the circular plate, the annular block being connected to the output shaft of the annular motor, and bearing grooves for accommodating the mounting base distributed circumferentially on the periphery of the annular block, and being at the same height as the mounting base on the top of the cutter head.

[0012] Furthermore, the moving mechanism includes an electric push rod fixed to the top of the circular plate, located inside the annular block. The inner side of the annular block is provided with a through groove communicating with the bearing groove. The output end of the electric push rod is connected to a push block that slides in cooperation with the through groove. The push block is magnetically connected to the end of the mounting base.

[0013] The above-mentioned tool changing system is used in the following steps: Damaged cutting tool detection: When the cutting tool on the cutter head is damaged, the area corresponding to the damaged cutting tool and the rail forms an uncut island. When the milling disc at the same height passes through this area, it will mill this area. When the vibration detection sensor detects abnormal vibration, it can be known that the cutting tool on the cutter head is damaged. Locating damaged blades: By slowly rotating the cutter head, the blades on the mounting base are photographed and compared using an industrial camera at multiple angles on its top. After detecting a damaged blade, the corresponding mounting base is rotated to the top of the cutter head. Release the limit: Drive the limit plate to rotate by the drive component, and rotate its upper opening from the bottom to the top of the limit plate. At the same time, control the annular electromagnet to de-energize, thereby releasing the limit on the mounting base on the top of the cutter head. Unloading: Drive the ring block to rotate, align the bearing groove without the mounting base with the opening, and drive the electric push rod to extend, so that the push block passing through the bearing groove can be magnetically connected to the end of the mounting base. By driving the electric push rod to retract, the limiting relationship between the wedge block and the slot is released, and the mounting base on the top of the cutter head is moved into the bearing groove through the opening. After the push block passes through the through groove, the mounting base with the damaged blade can be left in the bearing groove. Feeding: Drive the ring block to continue rotating, align the bearing groove of the mounting base with the opening, and drive the electric push rod to extend again to push the mounting base in the bearing groove through the opening until the upper slot and the wedge block form a limiting relationship. At the same time, the mounting base and the magnetic column abut against each other. Then, the ring electromagnet can be controlled to be energized to attract the mounting base so that the mounting base will not be taken out when the electric push rod retracts. Limiting the mounting base: The limiting plate is rotated by the driving component, and its upper opening is rotated from the top of the limiting plate to the bottom, thereby limiting the mounting base on the cutter head.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: In this invention, during rail milling, the mounting base is clamped between the annular back plate and the rail. The reaction force generated by the rail strengthens the wedge-shaped clamping effect between the mounting base and the wedge block, further suppressing axial displacement of the mounting base in contact with the rail. Simultaneously, the electromagnetic adsorption force provides active locking compensation for the mounting base, preventing displacement under the vibration force generated by the rail repair after the mounting base is detached from the rail. This, combined with the aforementioned mechanical self-locking, forms a closed-loop force constraint system. When the cutting tool is damaged, the corresponding mounting base can be replaced by de-energizing the annular electromagnet. Compared with existing technologies, this invention can meet the urgent need for fast, convenient, and efficient tool replacement in long-distance, high-strength rail milling operations.

[0015] During the milling of rails, this invention can automatically detect whether the blades on the cutter head are damaged and promptly stop the cutter head from continuing to mill the rails. Subsequently, the cutter head can be driven to rotate slowly, and the location of the damaged blade on the cutter head can be detected by the tool detection mechanism. The corresponding mounting base is then rotated to the top of the cutter head, and the limiting plate is driven to rotate so that the opening is aligned with the mounting base. At the same time, the annular electromagnet is de-energized to release its restriction. Finally, the mounting base can be replaced by loading and unloading using the moving mechanism. By adopting the above-mentioned technical means, the detection, positioning, disassembly, and replacement of damaged blades can all be carried out automatically. Compared with manual disassembly, this method better meets the urgent need for fast, convenient, and efficient tool replacement in long-distance, high-strength rail milling operations. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter head structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the present invention. Figure 1 Side view; Figure 3 This is the present invention. Figure 1 A partial structural breakdown diagram; Figure 4 This is the present invention. Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 6 This is the present invention. Figure 5 Enlarged view of point B; Figure 7 This is the present invention. Figure 5 Structural sectional view; Figure 8 This is the present invention. Figure 7 Side view; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rail detection component of the present invention; Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the protective mechanism of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the storage component and the moving mechanism of the present invention.

[0017] Reference numerals: 1. Cutter head; 2. Mounting base; 3. Protrusion; 4. Arc surface; 5. Cutter clip; 6. Blade; 7. Annular back plate; 8. Magnetic guide plate; 9. Annular electromagnet; 10. Magnetic guide column; 11. Wedge block; 12. Slot; 13. Strip block; 14. Limiting plate; 15. Opening; 16. First frame; 17. Drive component; 1701. Arc rack; 1702. Self-locking motor; 1703. Spur gear; 18. Rail detection assembly; 1801. Milling disc; 1802. Vibration detection sensor; 19. Second frame; 20. Conductive slip ring; 21. Tool inspection mechanism; 2101. Mounting plate; 2102. Cylinder; 2103. Industrial camera; 2104. Protective mechanism; 21041. Shield; 21042. Opening; 21043. Strip-shaped waist hole; 21044. Guide rod; 22. Storage component; 2201. Circular plate; 2202. Annular block; 2203. Annular motor; 2204. Bearing groove; 23. Moving mechanism; 2301. Electric push rod; 2302. Through groove; 2303. Push block; 24. Rod body; 25. Gear motor; 26. Arc groove; 27. Arc plate. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] like Figures 1-4 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a train rail repair milling cutter, comprising: Cutter head 1; Mounting bases 2 are distributed in a ring on the circumferential surface of the cutter head 1 and extend along the axial direction of the cutter head 1. The mounting bases 2 fit against the circumferential surface of the cutter head 1 and are parallel to the axis of the cutter head 1. Multiple mounting bases 2 are connected end to end to form a ring on the circumferential surface of the cutter head 1. The end of the mounting base 2 is constructed with a protrusion 3 extending radially along the cutter head 1, and the connection between the protrusion 3 and the mounting base 2 is transitioned by an arc surface 4. At this time, a structure with a low height on one side and a high height on the other side can be formed to simulate the structure of a train wheel, so that the movement trajectory of the cutter head 1 on the rail is consistent with that of the wheel. The tool holder 5 is installed on the outside of the mounting base 2. The tool holder 5 extends along the length of the mounting base 2 and is fixed to the mounting base 2 by bolts. Multiple blades 6 are installed on the tool holder 5. The multiple blades 6 are distributed along the length of the tool holder 5 and fit against the outer contour of the mounting base 2 and the arc surface 4. The blades 6 on adjacent tool holders 5 are staggered. When the cutter head 1 rotates, the steel rail can be milled and repaired through its blades 6. An annular back plate 7 is coaxially connected to the end of the circumferential surface of the cutter head 1. The outer diameter of the annular back plate 7 is larger than that of the cutter head 1 and is equal to that of the protrusion 3. A magnetic plate 8 is connected to the outside of the annular back plate 7. The magnetic plate 8 is made of iron-silicon-aluminum alloy. An annular electromagnet 9 is installed on the outside of the magnetic plate 8. This is an existing anti-vibration electromagnet. Multiple magnetic posts 10 penetrating the annular back plate 7 are constructed on the magnetic plate 8. The magnetic posts 10 are magnetically connected to the end of the mounting base 2. When the annular electromagnet 9 is energized, the magnetic posts 10 can attract and fix the end of the mounting base 2. The wedge block 11 is arc-shaped and distributed in a ring on the circumference of the cutter head 1, extending from the annular back plate 7 toward the cutter head 1. The wedge block 11 is a bidirectional tapering wedge shape. The mounting base 2 has a groove 12 on its inner side. The wedge block 11 and the groove 12 abut against each other. When the mounting base 2 is pushed from the circumference of the cutter head 1 toward the annular back plate 7, the wedge block 11 can be aligned and inserted into the groove 12. When the mounting base 2 abuts against the annular back plate 7, due to the combined action of the annular back plate 7 and the wedge block 11, the mounting base 2 can only move away from the annular back plate 7. The above-mentioned bidirectional tapering refers to: The length of the outer arc edge of the wedge block 11 is greater than the length of its inner arc edge. That is, the width of the wedge block 11 gradually decreases from its outer side to its inner side. When the wedge block 11 is inserted into the slot 12, under the action of the cutting reaction force, the protrusion 3 at the end of the mounting base 2 is radially pressed inward by the thrust of the rail, which forces the wedge block 11 to radially engage the slot 12 and increase it adaptively, forming a mechanical self-locking mechanism that gets tighter and tighter as it is pressed. The distance between the opposite sides of the wedge blocks 11 gradually decreases from the annular back plate 7 toward the cutter head 1. When the wedge blocks 11 are inserted into the slot 12, the axial vibration of the cutter head 1 when it rotates to mill the rail will drive the slot 12 and the wedge blocks 11 to produce an axial wedging effect, which effectively resists the tendency of the mounting base 2 to slip due to centrifugal force. In this invention, during the milling of rails, the mounting base 2 is clamped between the annular back plate 7 and the rail. The reaction force generated by the rail strengthens the wedge-shaped clamping effect between the mounting base 2 and the wedge block 11, further suppressing the axial displacement of the mounting base 2 in contact with the rail. At the same time, the electromagnetic adsorption force provides active locking compensation for the mounting base 2, ensuring that the mounting base 2 will not shift under the vibration force generated by the rail repair after it is detached from the rail. This, combined with the aforementioned mechanical self-locking, forms a force closed-loop constraint system. When the cutting tool 6 is damaged, the corresponding mounting base 2 can be replaced by de-energizing the annular electromagnet 9. Compared with the prior art, this invention can meet the urgent need for quick, convenient, and efficient tool replacement in long-distance, high-strength rail milling operations.

[0020] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, multiple strip blocks 13 are distributed in a ring on the circumferential surface of the cutter head 1. The strip blocks 13 are parallel to the axis of the cutter head 1 and are staggered with the wedge blocks 11. The width of the strip blocks 13 gradually decreases from the annular back plate 7 toward the cutter head 1. The mounting base 2 has a receiving groove on the opposite side. The above design facilitates the alignment of the receiving groove with the strip blocks 13. The function of the strip blocks 13 is to distribute the force exerted by the steel rail on the mounting base 2 when the cutter head 1 rotates to mill the steel rail, thereby protecting the wedge blocks 11 and making them less prone to damage.

[0021] like Figures 1-3 As shown, in some embodiments, a limiting plate 14 is rotatably fitted on the cutter head 1. The limiting plate 14 is annular and located at the end of the circumferential surface of the cutter head 1, and movably overlaps with the end of the mounting base 2. An opening 15 is provided on the outer side of the limiting plate 14 to allow the mounting base 2 to pass through. The mounting base 2 can slide towards the annular back plate 7 on the other side of the cutter head 1 through the opening 15. After the wedge block 11 is aligned and inserted into the slot 12, the cutter head 1 can be driven to rotate to offset the opening 15 from the installed mounting base 2. By repeating the above operation, the mounting base 2 can be... The ring is assembled on the circumferential surface of the cutter head 1. Then, the limiting plate 14 can be driven to rotate so that the opening 15 is rotated to the bottom of the limiting plate 14. At this time, the limiting plate 14 will not rotate synchronously with the cutter head 1. When milling the rail, the mounting base 2 rotated to the opening 15 will not move towards the opening 15 under the action of the rail. Because high-frequency vibration is easily generated when milling the curved part of the rail, this design can limit the mounting base 2 through the cooperation of the limiting plate 14 and the rail, preventing the mounting base 2 from detaching from the magnetic column 10.

[0022] like Figures 1-11 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a tool changing system applied to the aforementioned train rail repair milling cutter, comprising: The first frame 16 is connected to the bottom of the milling machine. The cutter head 1 and the limiting plate 14 are both rotatably mounted on the first frame 16. Figure 5 Taking the perspective as an example, the limiting plate 14 has an arc groove 26 on the side away from the cutter head 1. The first frame 16 has arc plates 27 symmetrically arranged. The two arc plates 27 are inserted into the arc groove 26 so that the limiting plate 14 can be rotated and installed on the first frame 16. It should be noted that the length of the opening 15 should be less than that of the arc plate 27. The first frame 16 is provided with a driving member 17 for driving the limiting plate 14 to rotate. The driving member 17 includes an arc-shaped rack 1701 constructed on the outside of the limiting plate 14. The first frame 16 is equipped with a self-locking motor 1702, and its output end is connected to the arc-shaped rack 1701 through a spur gear 1703. That is, the rotation of the limiting plate 14 on the first frame 16 is driven by the self-locking motor 1702 and does not rotate synchronously with the cutter head 1. The rail inspection component 18 is used to inspect the residual corrugation on the surface of the rail after milling. By inspecting the rail milling effect, it can be indirectly determined whether the blade 6 on the cutter head 1 is damaged. The second frame 19 is located on the other side of the cutter head 1 and is connected to the bottom of the milling machine. It is also connected to the annular electromagnet 9 through a conductive slip ring 20 so that the wiring of the annular electromagnet 9 is not affected by the rotation of the cutter head 1. The second frame 19 is equipped with a tool detection mechanism 21 for locating the damaged blade 6 on the cutter head 1. After the rail detection component 18 detects that the blade 6 is damaged, the movement of the milling machine can be stopped immediately to prevent the cutter head 1 from continuing to mill the rail. By driving the cutter head 1 to rotate slowly, after the tool detection mechanism 21 detects the damaged blade 6, the corresponding mounting base 2 can be rotated to the top of the cutter head 1. Then, the upper opening 15 of the limiting plate 14 can be aligned with the mounting base 2 by rotating the limiting plate 14. At the same time, the annular electromagnet 9 is de-energized to release the restriction on the mounting base 2. The storage component 22 is mounted on the first frame 16 and stores multiple mounting bases 2. The second frame 19 is equipped with a moving mechanism 23. The moving mechanism 23 can move the mounting bases 2 on the cutter head 1 or the storage component 22 so that the mounting bases 2 can pass through the opening 15 to complete loading and unloading. The moving mechanism 23 can drive the mounting bases 2 to move toward the opening 15, thereby releasing the limiting relationship between the wedge block 11 and the slot 12. Then, the storage component 22 can store them to complete unloading. Then, the moving mechanism 23 can drive the mounting bases 2 stored in the storage component 22 to pass through the opening 15 and move toward the annular back plate 7 until the slot 12 and the wedge block 11 form a limiting relationship. Then, the annular electromagnet 9 can be energized to attract and fix the mounting bases 2 to complete loading. During the milling process of steel rails, this invention can automatically detect whether the blade 6 on the cutter head 1 is damaged and promptly stop the cutter head 1 from continuing to mill the steel rails. Subsequently, the cutter head 1 can be driven to rotate slowly, and the blade detection mechanism 21 can detect the location of the damaged blade 6 on the cutter head 1. The corresponding mounting base 2 is then rotated to the top of the cutter head 1, and the limiting plate 14 is driven to rotate so that the opening 15 is aligned with the mounting base 2. At the same time, the annular electromagnet 9 is de-energized to release the restriction on the mounting base 2. Finally, the mounting base 2 can be loaded and unloaded and replaced by the moving mechanism 23. By adopting the above-mentioned technical means, the detection, positioning, disassembly and replacement of the damaged blade 6 can all be carried out automatically. Compared with the manual disassembly method, it can better meet the urgent need for fast, convenient and efficient tool replacement in long-distance, high-strength steel rail milling operations.

[0023] like Figure 5 and Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments, the rail detection assembly 18 includes a milling disc 1801 rotatably mounted on a first frame 16. This is a conventional milling cutter for milling rails. Both the milling disc 1801 and the cutter head 1 are rotatably mounted on the first frame 16 using rods 24. The two rods 24 are driven to rotate by a reduction motor 25, and their height is consistent with the milling height of the cutter head 1. The milling disc 1801 is located behind the cutter head 1, that is, the milling disc 1801 rotates without load on the rail after it has been milled by the cutter head 1. A vibration detection sensor 1802 is installed on the milling disc 1801. The principle here is as follows. When the blade 6 on the cutter head 1 is damaged, an uncut island is formed in the area corresponding to the rail and the damaged blade 6. When the milling disc 1801, which should be unloaded, passes through this area, it will mill the area. When the vibration detection sensor 1802 detects abnormal vibration, it can be concluded that the blade 6 on the cutter head 1 is damaged. That is, the flatness of the rail after milling is associated with the blade 6 on the cutter head 1, so that it can be known immediately after the blade 6 is damaged. At the same time, this design can also repair the uncut island on the rail by milling without driving the milling machine to back up on the rail.

[0024] like Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 10As shown, in some embodiments, the tool detection mechanism 21 includes a mounting plate 2101 disposed on the top of the cutter head 1 and slidably engaged with the second frame 19. The mounting plate 2101 can slide vertically on the second frame 19. A cylinder 2102 for driving the mounting plate 2101 to slide is installed on the second frame 19. Multiple industrial cameras 2103 at different angles are installed at the bottom of the mounting plate 2101. When the cutter head 1 rotates slowly, the blades 6 on its top can be photographed and compared through the industrial cameras 2103 at different angles. After detecting a damaged blade 6, the corresponding mounting base 2 is rotated to the top of the cutter head 1 for positioning. A protective mechanism 2104 is provided on the second frame 19 to accommodate and protect the industrial cameras 2103 when not in use. During rail milling, sparks and other impurities may occur. The protective mechanism 2104 can protect the industrial cameras 2103 so that their lens structure is not easily damaged by flying impurities.

[0025] like Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 10 As shown, in some embodiments, the protective mechanism 2104 includes shields 21041 slidably mounted on both sides of the bottom of the mounting plate 2101. The two shields 21041 are located on both sides of the industrial camera 2103. The two shields 21041 have openings 21042 on opposite sides communicating with their interiors. When the two shields 21041 slide relative to each other, the industrial camera 2103 can enter the two shields 21041 through the openings 21042, thereby protecting it. The shields 21041 have obliquely angled slotted holes 21043. The oblique directions of the slotted holes 21043 on the two shields 21041 are opposite, and the slots between the two slotted holes 21043 are... The spacing gradually increases from top to bottom. The second frame 19 is equipped with a guide rod 21044, which slides tangentially to the inner wall of the strip-shaped waist hole 21043. When the mounting plate 2101 slides downward, the guide rod 21044 can slide inside the strip-shaped waist hole 21043 and abut against the inner wall of the strip-shaped waist hole 21043, so that the two shields 21041 can slide back to back, thereby exposing the industrial camera 2103. Conversely, when the mounting plate 2101 slides upward, the two shields 21041 can slide relative to each other under the cooperation of the guide rod 21044 and the strip-shaped waist hole 21043, and are spliced ​​on the outside of the industrial camera 2103, thereby accommodating and protecting the industrial camera 2103.

[0026] like Figure 5 and Figure 11As shown, in some embodiments, the storage component 22 includes a circular plate 2201 connected to the first frame 16. An annular block 2202 is rotatably mounted on the circular plate 2201, with its axis perpendicular to the cutter head 1. A ring motor 2203 is mounted on the circular plate 2201, and the annular block 2202 is connected to the output shaft of the ring motor 2203. The ring motor 2203 can drive the annular block 2202 to rotate. The annular block 2202 has a ring-shaped distribution of bearing grooves 2204 for accommodating the mounting base 2. The bearing grooves 2204 extend radially along the annular block 2202 and are connected to the cutter head. The top mounting bases 2 are at the same height. It should be noted that one of the bearing grooves 2204 needs to be left empty. By rotating the annular block 2202, the empty bearing groove 2204 is aligned with the damaged mounting base 2 of the blade 6. The mounting base 2 can then be moved into the bearing groove 2204 by the moving mechanism 23. Subsequently, the annular block 2202 can be rotated to rotate the other bearing grooves 2204 to the corresponding positions. Then, the intact mounting bases 2 of the blade 6 can be added to the missing positions of the cutter head 1 by the moving mechanism 23 to realize the replacement of the mounting base 2.

[0027] like Figure 5 and Figure 11 As shown, in some embodiments, the moving mechanism 23 includes an electric push rod 2301 fixed to the top of the circular plate 2201, located inside the annular block 2202. The annular block 2202 has through slots 2302 communicating with the bearing slots 2204 on its inner side. The spacing between the through slots 2302 is smaller than that between the bearing slots 2204. The output end of the electric push rod 2301 is connected to a push block 2303 that slides within the through slots 2302. The push block 2303 is a magnet with a magnetic force less than that of the annular electromagnet 9. The push block 2303 is magnetically connected to the end of the mounting base 2. When the annular electromagnet 9 is de-energized, the end of the electric push rod 2301 passes through the through slots 2302 and through the empty bearing slots 2204. The push block 2303 can then connect with the end of the mounting base 2 damaged by the blade 6 through the opening 15. The magnetic connection allows the wedge block 11 to release the limiting relationship with the slot 12 when the electric push rod 2301 retracts, and brings the mounting base 2 back into the bearing groove 2204. As the electric push rod 2301 continues to retract, the mounting base 2 cannot pass through the through groove 2302 and will remain in the bearing groove 2204. When the electric push rod 2301 extends, its end contacts the mounting base 2 in the bearing groove 2204 through the through groove 2302. Then, the mounting base 2 can be pushed through the opening 15 until the slot 12 on it forms a limiting relationship with the wedge block 11. Then, the annular electromagnet 9 can be energized, and the mounting base 2 can be attracted through the magnetic column 10 so that when the electric push rod 2301 retracts, the push block 2303 will not bring the mounting base 2 out.

[0028] The method of using the tool changing system of the present invention includes the following steps: Damaged blade 6 detection: When blade 6 is damaged on cutter head 1, the area corresponding to the damaged blade 6 on the rail forms an uncut island. When milling disc 1801 at the same height passes through this area, it will mill this area. When vibration detection sensor 1802 detects abnormal vibration, it can be known that blade 6 on cutter head 1 is damaged. Locating the damaged blade 6: By slowly rotating the cutter head 1, the blade 6 on the mounting base 2 is photographed and compared through the multi-angle industrial camera 2103 on its top, and after the damaged blade 6 is detected, the corresponding mounting base 2 is rotated to the top of the cutter head 1. Release the limit: Drive the limit plate 14 to rotate by the drive component 17, and rotate its upper opening 15 from below to the top of the limit plate 14. At the same time, control the annular electromagnet 9 to de-energize, thereby releasing the limit on the top mounting base 2 of the cutter head 1. Unloading: Drive the ring block 2202 to rotate, align the bearing groove 2204 without mounting base 2 with the opening 15, and drive the electric push rod 2301 to extend, so that the push block 2303 passing through the bearing groove 2204 can be magnetically connected to the end of the mounting base 2. Drive the electric push rod 2301 to retract, thereby releasing the limiting relationship between the wedge block 11 and the slot 12, and moving the mounting base 2 on the top of the cutter head 1 into the bearing groove 2204 through the opening 15. After the push block 2303 passes through the through groove 2302, the damaged mounting base 2 of the blade 6 can be left in the bearing groove 2204. Feeding: Drive the ring block 2202 to continue rotating, align the bearing groove 2204 of the mounting base 2 with the opening 15, and drive the electric push rod 2301 to extend, so as to push the mounting base 2 in the bearing groove 2204 past the opening 15 until the slot 12 on it forms a limiting relationship with the wedge block 11. At the same time, the mounting base 2 and the magnetic column 10 abut against each other. Then, the ring electromagnet 9 can be controlled to be energized to attract the mounting base 2, so that when the electric push rod 2301 retracts, it will not take the mounting base 2 out. Limiting the mounting base 2: Drive the limiting plate 14 to rotate by the driving component 17, so that its upper opening 15 is rotated from the top of the limiting plate 14 to the bottom, thereby limiting the mounting base 2 on the cutter head 1.

[0029] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A milling cutter for repairing train rails, characterized in that, include: Cutter head (1); Mounting base (2) is distributed in a ring on the circumferential surface of the cutter head (1). The mounting base (2) is attached to the circumferential surface of the cutter head (1) and is parallel to the axis of the cutter head (1). Its end is constructed with a protrusion (3) extending radially along the cutter head (1), and the connection between the protrusion (3) and the mounting base (2) is transitioned by an arc surface (4). The blade clip (5) is installed on the outside of the mounting base (2). Multiple blades (6) are installed on the blade clip (5). The multiple blades (6) are attached to the outer contour of the mounting base (2) and the arc surface (4), and the blades (6) on adjacent blade clips (5) are staggered. An annular back plate (7) is coaxially connected to the end of the circumferential surface of the cutter head (1). A magnetic guide plate (8) is connected to the outside of the annular back plate (7). An annular electromagnet (9) is installed on the outside of the magnetic guide plate (8). Multiple magnetic guide posts (10) penetrating the annular back plate (7) are constructed on the magnetic guide plate (8). The magnetic guide posts (10) are magnetically connected to the end of the mounting base (2). Wedge-shaped blocks (11) are distributed in a ring on the circumference of the cutter head (1) and extend from the annular back plate (7) toward the cutter head (1). The wedge-shaped blocks (11) are bidirectionally tapered wedges. The mounting base (2) has a slot (12) on its inner side, and the wedge-shaped blocks (11) and the slot (12) wedge surfaces abut against each other.

2. The train rail repair milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutter head (1) has multiple strip blocks (13) distributed in a ring on its circumference, which are interspersed with wedge blocks (11). The width of the strip blocks (13) gradually decreases from the annular back plate (7) toward the cutter head (1). The mounting base (2) has a receiving groove on its opposite side.

3. The train rail repair milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutter head (1) is rotatably fitted with a limiting plate (14). The limiting plate (14) is located at the end of the circumferential surface of the cutter head (1) and is movably connected to the end of the mounting base (2). An opening (15) is provided on the outer side of the limiting plate (14) for the mounting base (2) to pass through.

4. A tool changing system, applied to the train rail repair milling cutter as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, include: The first frame (16), the cutter head (1) and the limiting plate (14) are rotatably mounted on the first frame (16), and the first frame (16) is provided with a driving component (17) for driving the limiting plate (14) to rotate; Rail inspection assembly (18) is used to inspect residual corrugation on the surface of milled rails; The second frame (19) is located on the other side of the cutter head (1) and is connected to the annular electromagnet (9) through a conductive slip ring (20). The second frame (19) is equipped with a cutter detection mechanism (21) for locating the damaged cutter blade (6) on the cutter head (1). The storage component (22) is located on the first frame (16) and stores multiple mounting bases (2). The second frame (19) is equipped with a moving mechanism (23). The moving mechanism (23) can move the mounting bases (2) on the cutter head (1) or the storage component (22) so that the mounting bases (2) can pass through the opening (15).

5. The tool changing system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rail detection assembly (18) includes a milling disc (1801) rotatably mounted on the first frame (16), which is at the same milling height as the cutter head (1), and a vibration detection sensor (1802) is mounted on the milling disc (1801).

6. The tool changing system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The tool detection mechanism (21) includes a mounting plate (2101) located on the top of the tool disc (1) and slidingly engaged with the second frame (19). The second frame (19) is equipped with a cylinder (2102) for driving the mounting plate (2101) to slide. Multiple industrial cameras (2103) at different angles are mounted on the bottom of the mounting plate (2101). The second frame (19) is equipped with a protective mechanism (2104) for containing and protecting the industrial cameras (2103) when not in use.

7. The tool changing system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The protective mechanism (2104) includes shields (21041) that are slidably installed on both sides of the bottom of the mounting plate (2101). The two shields (21041) have openings (21042) that communicate with their interiors on opposite sides. The shields (21041) have obliquely opened strip-shaped waist holes (21043). The second frame (19) is equipped with guide rods (21044) that slide tangentially to the inner wall of the strip-shaped waist holes (21043).

8. The tool changing system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The storage component (22) includes a circular plate (2201) connected to the first frame (16), an annular block (2202) is rotatably mounted on the circular plate (2201), an annular motor (2203) is mounted on the circular plate (2201), the annular block (2202) is connected to the output shaft of the annular motor (2203), and the annular block (2202) has a bearing groove (2204) distributed around its periphery for accommodating the mounting base (2), and is at the same height as the mounting base (2) on the top of the cutter head (1).

9. The tool changing system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The moving mechanism (23) includes an electric push rod (2301) fixed on the top of the circular plate (2201), which is located inside the annular block (2202). The annular block (2202) has a through groove (2302) communicating with the bearing groove (2204) on its inner side. The output end of the electric push rod (2301) is connected to a push block (2303) that slides with the through groove (2302). The push block (2303) is magnetically connected to the end of the mounting base (2).

10. A method for using a tool changing system, comprising the tool changing system as described in any one of claims 4-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Damaged blade (6) detection: When the blade (6) on the cutter head (1) is damaged, the area corresponding to the damaged blade (6) forms an uncut island. When the milling disc (1801) at the same height passes through this area, it will mill this area. When the vibration detection sensor (1802) detects abnormal vibration, it can be known that the blade (6) on the cutter head (1) is damaged. Locating the damaged blade (6): By slowly rotating the cutter head (1), the blade (6) on the mounting base (2) is photographed and compared by the multi-angle industrial camera (2103) on its top. After the damaged blade (6) is detected, the corresponding mounting base (2) is rotated to the top of the cutter head (1). Release the limit: Drive the limit plate (14) to rotate by the drive component (17), and rotate its upper opening (15) from below to the top of the limit plate (14). At the same time, control the annular electromagnet (9) to de-energize, thereby releasing the limit on the mounting base (2) on the top of the cutter head (1). Unloading: Drive the ring block (2202) to rotate, align the bearing groove (2204) without the mounting base (2) with the opening (15), and drive the electric push rod (2301) to extend, so that the push block (2303) passing through the bearing groove (2204) can be magnetically connected to the end of the mounting base (2). Drive the electric push rod (2301) to retract, thereby releasing the limiting relationship between the wedge block (11) and the slot (12), and move the mounting base (2) on the top of the cutter head (1) into the bearing groove (2204) through the opening (15). After the push block (2303) passes through the through groove (2302), the mounting base (2) damaged by the blade (6) can be left in the bearing groove (2204). Loading: Drive the ring block (2202) to continue rotating, align the bearing groove (2204) of the mounting base (2) with the opening (15), and drive the electric push rod (2301) to extend again, so as to push the mounting base (2) in the bearing groove (2204) through the opening (15) until the upper slot (12) and the wedge block (11) form a limiting relationship. At the same time, the mounting base (2) and the magnetic column (10) abut against each other. Then, the ring electromagnet (9) can be controlled to be energized to attract the mounting base (2) so that when the electric push rod (2301) retracts, it will not take the mounting base (2) out. Limit the mounting base (2): Drive the limiting plate (14) to rotate by the driving component (17), and rotate its upper opening (15) from the top of the limiting plate (14) to the bottom, thereby limiting the mounting base (2) on the cutter head (1).

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