Water and soil conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device and system based on Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention relates to a water and soil conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device and system based on the Internet of Things, and relates to the technical field of monitoring devices.The device comprises a moving plate, a detector is arranged at the top of the moving plate, and a lifting assembly used for driving the monitoring device to move downwards is arranged at the position, close to the center, of the top of the moving plate; according to the water and soil conservation and carbon circulation monitoring device based on the Internet of Things, when the water and soil conservation and carbon circulation monitoring device based on the Internet of Things needs to be used for monitoring the health condition of soil at a certain position, a hollow rod and an arc-shaped rod are inserted into the soil, and the soil at different depths is monitored through a detector; therefore, the water and soil conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device based on the Internet of Things can perform monitoring without extracting soil at different depths to the ground; the problem that in the prior art, soil of different depths needs to be extracted to the earth surface in the soil monitoring process, the soil environment is changed, and the monitoring accuracy of soil samples of different depths is reduced is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an Internet of Things-based water and soil conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device and system, belonging to the field of monitoring device technology. Background Technology

[0002] The IoT-based soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device combines IoT technology with environmental monitoring. It aims to monitor and manage soil and water conservation and carbon cycle processes in real time. Through IoT technology, the data collected by the sensors is transmitted to the local server in real time, which facilitates centralized management and analysis. The monitoring results and trends can be displayed in the form of charts and dashboards through data visualization tools to help users understand and apply the monitoring data. Through this monitoring device, relevant departments and farmers can better manage land resources and achieve sustainable development goals, while also providing data support for addressing climate change.

[0003] In current routine soil monitoring, to comprehensively monitor soil health indicators, it is often necessary to use soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring devices for soil monitoring and analysis. This includes monitoring soil moisture, nutrients, carbon storage, and microbial activity. This information helps scientists and farmers understand the condition of the soil and potential problems. During soil monitoring using these devices, soil samples from different depths need to be extracted sequentially to the surface for monitoring. However, during sampling at each depth, the soil properties are dynamic. Over time, the moisture, nutrients, and pollutants in the soil change with airflow. These changes can easily affect the accuracy of the analysis results, thus affecting the consistency and representativeness of the samples, and ultimately reducing the accuracy of monitoring soil samples from different depths.

[0004] Simultaneous sampling can reduce these drawbacks and improve sampling efficiency and data reliability.

[0005] Therefore, we proposed an IoT-based water and soil conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device to address the problems mentioned above. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems in the existing technology, this invention provides a soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device and system based on the Internet of Things, which can solve the problem mentioned in the background technology that the soil monitoring process requires extracting soil from different depths to the surface, which alters the soil environment and reduces the accuracy of monitoring soil samples at different depths.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device based on the Internet of Things includes a movable plate. A detector is installed on the top of the movable plate. A lifting assembly for driving the monitoring device downward is installed near the center of the top of the movable plate. A monitoring assembly for monitoring soil is installed at the bottom of the lifting assembly. The monitoring assembly includes a hollow rod. An arc-shaped rod is fixed to the outer surface of the hollow rod. A forward and reverse motor is installed on the inner top surface of the arc-shaped rod. A lead screw is fixed to the output end of the forward and reverse motor. A lifting block is threaded onto the outer surface of the lead screw. Telescopic tubes are fixed to the outer surface of the lifting block near both side edges. A first spring is installed on the outer surface of each of the two telescopic tubes. A connector is fixed between one end of the two telescopic tubes. A detector for monitoring soil is installed on the outer surface of the connector. A first toothed rack is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the connector. A positioning frame is fixed to the outer surface of the lifting block near the top. A limiting rod is movably embedded between the opposing inner walls of the positioning frame. A drive gear is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the limiting rod near the center.

[0009] Preferably, coil springs are provided on the opposite outer surfaces of the positioning frame, driven gears are fixedly installed at both ends of the limiting rod, second gear rows are meshed on the outer surfaces of the two driven gears, lifting plates are fixedly connected on the outer surfaces of the two second gear rows, bearing rods are fixedly installed on the tops of the two lifting plates, and second springs are provided on the outer surfaces of the two bearing rods.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom ends of both the hollow rod and the arc-shaped rod extend movably through the outside of the moving plate, the bottom end of the lead screw extends movably through the outside of the arc-shaped rod, the outer surface of the lifting block is slidably connected to the inner wall of the arc-shaped rod, one end of each of the two first springs is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the lifting block, and the other end of each of the two first springs is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the connector.

[0011] Preferably, the two ends of the limiting rod respectively extend through the outside of the two coil springs, and the outer surface of the limiting rod near the two ends is fixedly connected to one end of the two coil springs respectively. The outer surface of the driving gear meshes with the outer surface of the first gear row. The top ends of the two bearing rods are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the positioning frame. One end of the two second springs is fixedly connected to the top of the two lifting plates respectively, and the top ends of the two second springs are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the positioning frame.

[0012] Preferably, the inner wall of the hollow rod is provided with a plurality of closed components for sampling. Each of the plurality of closed components includes a positioning ring and a support ring. The outer surfaces of the plurality of positioning rings and support rings are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hollow rod. The inner walls of the plurality of positioning rings are slidably connected with a plurality of arc-shaped plates.

[0013] Preferably, a third spring is provided on the outer surface of each of the multiple arc-shaped plates, one end of each of the multiple third springs is fixedly connected to the inner wall of each of the multiple positioning rings, and each of the multiple arc-shaped plates is slidably connected to the inner wall of its corresponding support ring.

[0014] Preferably, the lifting assembly includes a mounting frame, the bottom of which is fixedly connected to the top of the movable plate, a drive motor is provided on the top of the mounting frame, a drive wheel is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor, two belts are movably sleeved on the outer surface of the drive wheel, and a driven wheel is movably embedded inside the mounting frame.

[0015] Preferably, the inner walls of both belts are in contact with the outer surface of the driven wheel. The driven wheel is internally threaded with a threaded rod. A limiting bend is fixed to the top of the threaded rod. A telescopic rod is fixed to the top of the mounting bracket near one side edge. One end of the limiting bend is fixedly connected to the top of the telescopic rod. The tops of the hollow rod and the arc-shaped rod are both fixedly connected to the bottom of the threaded rod.

[0016] A soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring system based on the Internet of Things includes: a central processing unit, a monitoring unit, a data analysis unit, a data transmission unit, and a display unit. The central processing unit sends out instructions and transmits signals to the monitoring unit. The monitoring unit receives the signals and collects meteorological data such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind speed in real time through a meteorological processing module. It measures the moisture content in the soil through a humidity detection module to provide specific data on soil moisture. Finally, it monitors changes in organic carbon in the soil through a soil processing module, providing data support for carbon storage calculation and cycle research.

[0017] Preferably, the meteorological processing module, humidity detection module, and soil processing module can wirelessly transmit the collected data to the data analysis unit, integrate the data from the meteorological, water quality, and soil monitoring modules, transmit the signal to the data transmission unit, and then send the data to the display unit. The display unit is used to acquire real-time monitored data on soil humidity, temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration.

[0018] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] When it is necessary to use an IoT-based soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device to monitor the health status of soil at a certain location, by inserting hollow rods and curved rods into the soil and using detectors to monitor soil at different depths, the IoT-based soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device can monitor without extracting soil at different depths to the ground. This solves the problem in existing technologies that require extracting soil at different depths to the surface during soil monitoring, which alters the soil environment and reduces the accuracy of monitoring soil samples at different depths.

[0020] To facilitate the detector's detection of soil at different depths, when the detector is inserted into one of the closed components, the two second springs shorten under their own elastic force, causing the driven gear to rotate in the opposite direction. At the same time, the two coil springs also rotate under their own elastic force, driving the detector to move outward from the positioning ring. At this point, the forward and reverse motors can be activated to continue driving the lifting block downward, causing the arc surface of the connector to be squeezed by the arc plate in contact with it and move outward from the positioning ring. This causes the two first springs to be squeezed again. When the outer surface of the detector moves to the position where it contacts the outer surface of the hollow rod, the detector automatically resets, further improving the practicality of the IoT-based soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device.

[0021] In the process of monitoring soil and water conservation and carbon cycle in a certain location, the central processing unit first controls the meteorological processing module to monitor and record meteorological parameters in the environment in real time. Then, the humidity detection module analyzes soil moisture data to predict potential drought and flood risks in advance. The soil processing module monitors changes in organic carbon in the soil and sends the data to the display unit through the data transmission unit. The monitoring results are displayed in a graphical form through charts, dashboards and maps, realizing remote automatic monitoring. By automatically monitoring the soil based on the Internet of Things, the convenience of soil monitoring is further improved. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a frontal perspective view of the water and soil conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device based on the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the lifting component of the water and soil conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device based on the Internet of Things of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a sectional perspective view of the hollow rod portion of the soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device based on the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the arc-shaped rod portion of the water and soil conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device based on the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of the monitoring components of the soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device based on the Internet of Things of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a sectional perspective view of the positioning frame of the soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device based on the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a perspective view of the closed component of the IoT-based soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional view of the support ring structure of the IoT-based soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional view of the positioning ring portion of the IoT-based soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 11 This is a system diagram of the water and soil conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device based on the Internet of Things of the present invention.

[0033] The reference numerals in the figure are as follows:

[0034] 1. Moving plate; 2. Detector; 3. Lifting assembly; 301. Mounting bracket; 302. Drive motor; 303. Drive wheel; 304. Driven wheel; 305. Belt; 306. Threaded rod; 307. Telescopic rod; 308. Limiting bend; 4. Monitoring assembly; 401. Hollow rod; 402. Arc rod; 403. Forward and reverse motor; 404. Lead screw; 405. Lifting block; 406. Telescopic tube; 407. First spring; 408. Connector; 409. Detector; 410. First gear row; 411. Positioning frame; 412. Limiting rod; 413. Driving gear; 414. Coil spring; 415. Driven gear; 416. Lifting plate; 417. Second gear row; 418. Second spring; 419. Bearing rod; 5. Closing assembly; 501. Positioning ring; 502. Arc plate; 503. Third spring; 504. Support ring; 6. Central processing unit; 7. Monitoring unit; 701. Meteorological processing module; 702. Humidity detection module; 703. Soil processing module; 8. Data analysis unit; 9. Data transmission unit; 10. Display unit. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0036] Please see Figures 1 to 11 The invention provides a technical solution:

[0037] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1-10This invention provides a technical solution: a soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device based on the Internet of Things, including a movable plate 1, a detector 2 installed on the top of the movable plate 1, a lifting assembly 3 for driving the monitoring device downward near the center of the top of the movable plate 1, a monitoring assembly 4 for monitoring the soil installed at the bottom of the lifting assembly 3, the monitoring assembly 4 including a hollow rod 401, an arc-shaped rod 402 fixed to the outer surface of the hollow rod 401, a forward and reverse motor 403 installed on the inner top surface of the arc-shaped rod 402, a lead screw 404 fixed to the output end of the forward and reverse motor 403, a lifting block 405 threaded on the outer surface of the lead screw 404, and telescopic tubes 406 fixed to the outer surface of the lifting block 405 near both sides, the outer surface of the two telescopic tubes 406 being provided with a first A spring 407 and a connector 408 are fixed between one end of two telescopic tubes 406. A detector 409 for monitoring soil is installed on the outer surface of the connector 408. A first toothed rack 410 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the connector 408. A positioning frame 411 is fixedly installed near the top of the outer surface of the lifting block 405. A limiting rod 412 is movably embedded between the opposing inner walls of the positioning frame 411. A drive gear 413 is fixedly sleeved near the center of the outer surface of the limiting rod 412. Coil springs 414 are installed on opposite outer surfaces of the positioning frame 411. Driven gears 415 are fixedly installed at both ends of the limiting rod 412. A second toothed rack 417 is meshed with the outer surfaces of both driven gears 415. A lifting rack 417 is fixedly connected to the outer surfaces of both second toothed racks 417. The lowering plate 416 has a bearing rod 419 fixedly installed on its top. A second spring 418 is provided on the outer surface of each of the two bearing rods 419. The bottom ends of the hollow rod 401 and the arc-shaped rod 402 extend movably to the outside of the moving plate 1. The bottom end of the lead screw 404 extends movably to the outside of the arc-shaped rod 402. The outer surface of the lifting block 405 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the arc-shaped rod 402. One end of each of the two first springs 407 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the lifting block 405, and the other end of each of the two first springs 407 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the connector 408. Both ends of the limiting rod 412 extend movably to the outside of the two coil springs 414, and the outer surface of the limiting rod 412 near both ends is fixedly connected to one end of each of the two coil springs 414. Next, the outer surface of the drive gear 413 meshes with the outer surface of the first gear row 410. The top ends of the two bearing rods 419 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the positioning frame 411. One end of each of the two second springs 418 is fixedly connected to the top of the two lifting plates 416. The top ends of the two second springs 418 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the positioning frame 411. The inner wall of the hollow rod 401 is provided with multiple closed components 5 for sampling. Each of the multiple closed components 5 includes a positioning ring 501 and a support ring 504. The outer surfaces of the multiple positioning rings 501 and the support rings 504 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hollow rod 401. Multiple arc-shaped plates 502 are slidably connected to the inner walls of the multiple positioning rings 501. The outer surfaces of the multiple arc-shaped plates 502 are provided with third springs 503.One end of each of the multiple third springs 503 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of each of the multiple positioning rings 501. Multiple arc-shaped plates 502 are slidably connected to the inner wall of their corresponding support rings 504. The lifting assembly 3 includes a mounting frame 301, the bottom of which is fixedly connected to the top of the moving plate 1. A drive motor 302 is mounted on the top of the mounting frame 301. A drive wheel 303 is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor 302. Two belts 305 are movably sleeved on the outer surface of the drive wheel 303. A driven wheel 304 is internally fitted into the mounting bracket 301. The inner walls of both belts 305 are in contact with the outer surface of the driven wheel 304. A threaded rod 306 is threadedly connected internally to the driven wheel 304. A limiting bend 308 is fixed to the top of the threaded rod 306. A telescopic rod 307 is fixed to the top of the mounting bracket 301 near one edge. One end of the limiting bend 308 is fixedly connected to the top of the telescopic rod 307. The tops of the hollow rod 401 and the arc-shaped rod 402 are both fixedly connected to the bottom end of the threaded rod 306.

[0038] In this embodiment, when it is necessary to use an IoT-based soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device to monitor the soil health at a certain location, firstly, the moving plate 1 is pushed to move the monitoring device to the location to be monitored. Then, the detector 2 can be turned on through an external control device. The meteorological processor in the detector 2 can collect and process various meteorological parameters in real time, including temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed, and precipitation, providing comprehensive data support for environmental monitoring and management. Then, the drive motor 302 is started through the external control device, driving the drive wheel 303 to rotate, which in turn drives the two belts 305 to rotate along the driven wheels 304, which in turn drives the threaded rod 306 to move downward along the driven wheels 304. The limiting bend 308 limits the threaded rod 306. The movement of the threaded rod 306 causes the bottom ends of the hollow rod 401 and the arc-shaped rod 402 to move into the soil. Figure 3 As shown, the hollow rod 401 is hollow to facilitate the embedding of soil into it. When the threaded rod 306 moves the hollow rod 401 a predetermined distance into the soil, the external controller can activate the forward / reverse motor 403, causing the lead screw 404 to rotate. This, in turn, causes the lifting block 405 to move downwards along the lead screw 404. The outer surface of the detector 409 is in close contact with the outer surface of the hollow rod 401. When the detector 409 moves to the center position of one of the closing components 5, the forward / reverse motor 403 is turned off, and the detector 409, under the elastic action of the two first springs 407, moves downwards... Figure 9 The movement of the inner center of the circle formed by the multiple arc-shaped plates 502 shown, as... Figure 5As shown, since the cross-section of the figure formed by the connector 408 and the detector 409 is arc-shaped, when the detector 409 is inserted into the center, it will push multiple arc-shaped plates 502 to move towards the outer edge of the positioning ring 501, causing the third spring 503 connected to the multiple arc-shaped plates 502 to be compressed. This allows the detector 409 to be inserted into the soil at that depth to detect the soil and water conservation and carbon cycle status. After the soil at that depth is detected, the detector 409 can be moved to the position corresponding to the next closing component 5 to detect the soil and water conservation and carbon cycle status at that depth. Through the cooperation of the closing component 5 and the monitoring component 4, the soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device based on the Internet of Things can monitor without extracting soil at different depths to the ground. This solves the problem in the prior art that soil samples at different depths need to be extracted to the surface in sequence during soil monitoring, which changes the consistency of the soil's environmental impact samples and reduces the accuracy of soil sample monitoring at different depths.

[0039] Example 2: Figure 1 and Figures 3-7As shown, the IoT-based soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device includes a movable plate 1, a detector 2 on the top of the movable plate 1, a lifting assembly 3 near the center of the top of the movable plate 1 for driving the monitoring device downward, and a monitoring assembly 4 for monitoring the soil at the bottom of the lifting assembly 3. The monitoring assembly 4 includes a hollow rod 401, an arc-shaped rod 402 fixed to the outer surface of the hollow rod 401, a forward and reverse motor 403 on the inner top surface of the arc-shaped rod 402, a lead screw 404 fixed to the output end of the forward and reverse motor 403, a lifting block 405 threaded onto the outer surface of the lead screw 404, and extension rods 405 fixed near the two side edges of the outer surface of the lifting block 405. The telescopic tube 406 has two springs 407 on its outer surface. A connector 408 is fixed between one end of the two telescopic tubes 406. A soil detector 409 is installed on the outer surface of the connector 408. A rebound assembly is installed on the detector 409. The rebound assembly includes a first toothed rack 410 fixedly installed on the outer surface of the connector 408. A positioning frame 411 is fixed near the top of the outer surface of the lifting block 405. A limiting rod 412 is movably embedded between the opposing inner walls of the positioning frame 411. A drive gear 413 is fixedly sleeved near the center of the outer surface of the limiting rod 412. Coil springs 407 are installed on the opposite outer surfaces of the positioning frame 411. 14. Both ends of the limiting rod 412 are fixedly mounted with driven gears 415. The outer surfaces of the two driven gears 415 are meshed with second gear rows 417. The outer surfaces of the two second gear rows 417 are fixedly connected with lifting plates 416. The tops of the two lifting plates 416 are fixedly mounted with bearing rods 419. The outer surfaces of the two bearing rods 419 are provided with second springs 418. The bottom ends of the hollow rod 401 and the arc-shaped rod 402 are movably extended to the outside of the moving plate 1. The bottom end of the lead screw 404 is movably extended to the outside of the arc-shaped rod 402. The outer surface of the lifting block 405 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the arc-shaped rod 402. One end of each of the two first springs 407 is connected to... The outer surface of the lifting block 405 is fixedly connected, and the other ends of the two first springs 407 are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the connector 408. The two ends of the limiting rod 412 are respectively movably extended to the outside of the two coil springs 414. The outer surface of the limiting rod 412 near the two ends is fixedly connected to one end of the two coil springs 414. The outer surface of the drive gear 413 meshes with the outer surface of the first gear row 410. The top ends of the two bearing rods 419 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the positioning frame 411. One end of the two second springs 418 is fixedly connected to the top of the two lifting plates 416. The top ends of the two second springs 418 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the positioning frame 411.

[0040] In this embodiment, to facilitate the detection of soil at different depths by the detector 409, when the detector 409 is inserted into one of the closed components 5, as the detector 409 moves the connector 408, it drives the first gear 410 forward, thereby driving the drive gear 413 to rotate. During the rotation of the drive gear 413, the limiting rod 412 rotates, causing the two coil springs 414 to be tightened. Simultaneously, the rotation of the limiting rod 412 also drives the two driven gears 415 to rotate. The rotation of the two driven gears 415 causes the two second gear 417 to move downwards, causing the two second springs 418 to be stretched. When the detector 409 is inserted into the soil to a certain depth under the action of the two first springs 407, the two second springs 418 shorten under their own elastic force, driving the driven gears... 415 rotates in the opposite direction, and simultaneously, the two coil springs 414 also rotate under their own elastic force, thereby further driving the drive gear 413 to rotate in the opposite direction, and thus driving the detector 409 to move outward of the positioning ring 501. Since the cross-section of the connector 408 is arc-shaped, the forward and reverse motors 403 can be started at this time, so that they continue to drive the lifting block 405 to move downward, causing the arc surface of the connector 408 to be squeezed by the arc plate 502 in contact with it and move outward of the positioning ring 501, thereby causing the two first springs 407 to be squeezed again. When the outer surface of the detector 409 moves to the position of contacting the outer surface of the hollow rod 401, the automatic reset of the detector 409 is completed. At this time, the multiple arc plates 502 also reset under the elastic action of their corresponding third springs 503, realizing the sealing of the soil at this depth. Figure 8 As shown, a small hollow circle is formed at the center of each of the multiple arc-shaped plates 502. Due to its small inner diameter, the hollow circle is only for the convenience of inserting the detector 409 and will not cause a large amount of soil in the hollow rod 401 to flow outward. As the detector 409 moves downward, it is squeezed by the arc-shaped plate 502 in contact with it. When the detector 409 moves to the center of the next closing component 5, it will be inserted into the soil at the next depth again under the elastic action of the two first springs 407. This allows the detector 409 to automatically detect soil at different depths, further improving the practicality of the IoT-based soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device.

[0041] Example 3: Figure 11As shown, it also includes an IoT-based soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring system, which includes: a central processing unit 6, a monitoring unit 7, a data analysis unit 8, a data transmission unit 9, and a display unit 10. The central processing unit 6 sends out instructions to transmit signals to the monitoring unit 7. The monitoring unit 7 receives the signals and collects meteorological data such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind speed in real time through the meteorological processing module 701. It measures the soil moisture content through the humidity detection module 702 to provide specific data on soil moisture. Finally, it monitors the changes in organic carbon in the soil through the soil processing module 703 to provide data support for carbon storage calculation and cycle research. The meteorological processing module 701, humidity detection module 702, and soil processing module 703 can transmit the monitored data to the data analysis unit 8 wirelessly. The data from the meteorological, water quality, and soil monitoring modules are integrated and transmitted to the data transmission unit 9. The data is then sent to the display unit 10 through the data transmission unit 9. The display unit 10 is used to obtain real-time monitored data on soil moisture, temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration.

[0042] The working principle described above is as follows:

[0043] When monitoring soil health at a specific location using an IoT-based soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device, firstly, the moving plate 1 is pushed to move the monitoring device to the desired location. Then, the detector 2 can be activated via an external control device. The meteorological processor in detector 2 can collect and process various meteorological parameters in real time, including temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed, and precipitation, providing comprehensive data support for environmental monitoring and management. Next, the drive motor 302 is started via the external control device, causing the drive wheel 303 to rotate. This, in turn, causes the two belts 305 to rotate along the driven wheels 304, which in turn causes the threaded rod 306 to rotate along... The driven wheel 304 moves downwards, with the limiting bend 308 limiting the threaded rod 306. The movement of the threaded rod 306 causes the bottom ends of the hollow rod 401 and the arc-shaped rod 402 to move into the soil. After the threaded rod 306 has moved the hollow rod 401 a predetermined distance into the soil, the forward and reverse motor 403 can be started by the external controller, driving the lead screw 404 to rotate, which in turn drives the lifting block 405 to move downwards along the lead screw 404. When the detector 409 moves to the center position of one of the closed components 5, the forward and reverse motor 403 is turned off, and the detector 409 will then move downwards under the elastic action of the two first springs 407. Figure 9The detector 409 moves inwards towards the center of a circle formed by multiple arc-shaped plates 502. When the detector 409 is inserted into the center, it pushes the multiple arc-shaped plates 502 towards the outer edge of the positioning ring 501, causing the third springs 503 connected to the multiple arc-shaped plates 502 to be compressed. This allows the detector 409 to be inserted into the soil at that depth to detect the soil-water conservation and carbon cycle conditions. After the soil detection at that depth is completed, the detector 409 can be moved to the position corresponding to the next closed component 5 to detect the soil-water conservation and carbon cycle conditions at that depth. To facilitate the detector 409's detection of soil at different depths, when the detector 409 is inserted into one of the closed components 5, the detector 409... During the movement of the connector 408, the first gear 410 moves forward, which in turn drives the drive gear 413 to rotate. The rotation of the drive gear 413 drives the limit rod 412 to rotate, thus tightening the two coil springs 414. Simultaneously, the rotation of the limit rod 412 also drives the two driven gears 415 to rotate. The rotation of the driven gears 415 causes the two second gear 417 to move downwards, thus stretching the two second springs 418. When the detector 409 is inserted into the soil to a certain depth under the action of the two first springs 407, the two second springs 418 shorten under their own elastic force, causing the driven gears 415 to rotate in the opposite direction. At the same time, the two coil springs 414 also... The detector rotates under its own elastic force, which in turn drives the drive gear 413 to rotate in the opposite direction, thereby driving the detector 409 to move outward of the positioning ring 501. Since the cross-section of the connector 408 is arc-shaped, the forward and reverse motor 403 can be started at this time, so that it continues to drive the lifting block 405 to move downward, causing the arc surface of the connector 408 to be squeezed by the arc plate 502 in contact with it and move outward of the positioning ring 501, thereby causing the two first springs 407 to be squeezed again. When the outer surface of the detector 409 moves to the position where it contacts the outer surface of the hollow rod 401, the automatic reset of the detector 409 is completed. The sum of the time the detector 409 is inserted into the soil and the time it is pulled out of the soil, along with the soil detection time, is calculated. Matching this, multiple arc-shaped plates 502 also reset under the elastic action of their corresponding third springs 503, achieving the closure of the soil at that depth. This causes the detector 409 to be squeezed by the arc-shaped plates 502 it contacts as it moves downwards. When the detector 409 moves to the center position of the next closing component 5, it will again insert into the soil at the next depth under the elastic action of the two first springs 407. This allows the detector 409 to automatically detect soil at different depths. During the monitoring of soil and water conservation and carbon cycle at a certain location, when the IoT-based soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device moves to a certain location, it first controls the meteorological processing module 701 through the central processing unit 6.By real-time monitoring and recording of meteorological parameters in the environment, such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and air pressure, when the detector 409 is inserted into the soil at a certain depth, the humidity detection module 702 can analyze the soil moisture data to predict potential drought and flood risks in advance. The data from the humidity detection module 702 can analyze the dynamic process of soil carbon storage and release. Then, the soil processing module 703 monitors changes in organic carbon in the soil, providing data support for carbon storage calculation and cycle research. Finally, the data collected by the meteorological processing module 701, humidity detection module 702, and soil processing module 703 are transmitted wirelessly. The data is transmitted to the data analysis unit 8, which integrates the data from the meteorological, water quality, and soil monitoring modules to form a unified dataset. The data is then sent to the data transmission unit 9, which transmits the data to the display unit 10. The display unit 10 acquires real-time monitoring data on soil moisture, temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration, and displays the monitoring results graphically using charts, dashboards, and maps. Key information is also transmitted to relevant users via wireless communication technology. The external controller is electrically connected to detector 2, drive motor 302, forward / reverse motor 403, and detector 409.

[0044] The wiring diagrams of detector 2, drive motor 302, forward and reverse motor 403 and detector 409 in this invention are common knowledge in the field. Their working principles are known technologies. The appropriate model is selected according to actual use. Therefore, the control method and wiring arrangement of detector 2, drive motor 302, forward and reverse motor 403 and detector 409 will not be explained in detail.

[0045] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water and soil conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device based on the Internet of Things, comprising a mobile plate (1), wherein a detector (2) is disposed on the top of the mobile plate (1), characterized in that: The top of the movable plate (1) near the center is provided with a lifting assembly (3) for driving the monitoring device to move downward. The bottom of the lifting assembly (3) is provided with a monitoring assembly (4) for monitoring the soil. The monitoring assembly (4) includes a hollow rod (401). An arc-shaped rod (402) is fixed on the outer surface of the hollow rod (401). A detection assembly for monitoring the soil is installed inside the arc-shaped rod (402). The hollow rod (401) is used to sample soil at different depths. Multiple closed components (5) for sampling are arranged longitudinally on the inner wall of the hollow rod (401). The detection assembly includes positive and negative electrical components arranged on the inner top surface of the arc-shaped rod (402). The machine (403) has a lead screw (404) fixed at the output end of the forward and reverse motor (403). The outer surface of the lead screw (404) is threaded with a lifting block (405). The outer surface of the lifting block (405) is fixed with telescopic tubes (406) near the two side edges. The outer surface of the two telescopic tubes (406) is provided with a first spring (407). A connector (408) is fixed between one end of the two telescopic tubes (406). The outer surface of the connector (408) is provided with a detector (409) for monitoring the soil. The connector (408) is also provided with a rebound component to assist the detector (409) in completing the rebound operation after detection.

2. The water and soil conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The rebound assembly includes a first toothed row (410) fixedly installed on the outer surface of the connector (408). A positioning frame (411) is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the lifting block (405) near the top. A limiting rod (412) is movably embedded between the opposing inner walls of the positioning frame (411). A drive gear (413) is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the limiting rod (412) near the center. Coil springs (414) are provided on the opposite outer surfaces of the positioning frame (411). Driven gears (415) are fixedly installed at both ends of the limiting rod (412). A second toothed row (417) is meshed with the outer surfaces of the two driven gears (415). A lifting plate (416) is fixedly connected to the outer surfaces of the two second toothed rows (417). A bearing rod (419) is fixedly installed on the top of the two lifting plates (416). A second spring (418) is provided on the outer surface of the two bearing rods (419).

3. The water and soil conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom ends of the hollow rod (401) and the arc rod (402) are both movable through the outside of the moving plate (1), the bottom end of the lead screw (404) is movable through the outside of the arc rod (402), the outer surface of the lifting block (405) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the arc rod (402), one end of each of the two first springs (407) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the lifting block (405), and the other end of each of the two first springs (407) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the connector (408).

4. The water and soil conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The two ends of the limiting rod (412) are respectively movably extended to the outside of the two coil springs (414). The outer surface of the limiting rod (412) near the two ends is fixedly connected to one end of the two coil springs (414). The outer surface of the driving gear (413) is meshed with the outer surface of the first gear row (410). The top ends of the two bearing rods (419) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the positioning frame (411). One end of the two second springs (418) is fixedly connected to the top of the two lifting plates (416). The top ends of the two second springs (418) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the positioning frame (411).

5. The water and soil conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 4, characterized in that: Each of the multiple closing components (5) includes a positioning ring (501) and a support ring (504). The outer surfaces of the multiple positioning rings (501) and support rings (504) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hollow rod (401). The inner walls of the multiple positioning rings (501) are slidably connected to multiple arc-shaped plates (502). The outer surfaces of the multiple arc-shaped plates (502) are provided with third springs (503). One end of the multiple third springs (503) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the multiple positioning rings (501). The multiple arc-shaped plates (502) are slidably connected to the inner walls of their corresponding support rings (504).

6. The water and soil conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The lifting assembly (3) includes a mounting frame (301), the bottom of which is fixedly connected to the top of the movable plate (1). A drive motor (302) is provided on the top of the mounting frame (301), and a drive wheel (303) is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor (302). Two belts (305) are movably sleeved on the outer surface of the drive wheel (303), and a driven wheel (304) is movably embedded inside the mounting frame (301).

7. The water and soil conservation and carbon cycle monitoring device based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The inner walls of both belts (305) are in contact with the outer surface of the driven wheel (304). The driven wheel (304) is internally threaded with a threaded rod (306). A limiting bend (308) is fixed to the top of the threaded rod (306). A telescopic rod (307) is fixed to the top of the mounting bracket (301) near one side edge. One end of the limiting bend (308) is fixedly connected to the top of the telescopic rod (307). The tops of the hollow rod (401) and the arc rod (402) are both fixedly connected to the bottom end of the threaded rod (306).

8. A soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring system based on the Internet of Things (IoT), comprising any one of the soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring devices based on the IoT as described in claims 1-7, characterized in that: It includes a central processing unit (6), a monitoring unit (7), a data analysis unit (8), a data transmission unit (9), and a display unit (10). The central processing unit (6) sends out instructions to transmit signals to the monitoring unit (7). The monitoring unit (7) receives the signals and collects meteorological data such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind speed in real time through the meteorological processing module (701). It measures the moisture content in the soil through the humidity detection module (702) to provide specific data on soil moisture. Finally, it monitors the changes in organic carbon in the soil through the soil processing module (703) to provide data support for carbon storage calculation and cycle research.

9. A soil and water conservation and carbon cycle monitoring system based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The meteorological processing module (701), humidity detection module (702), and soil processing module (703) can transmit the monitored data to the data analysis unit (8) wirelessly, integrate the data from the meteorological, water quality, and soil monitoring modules, and transmit the signal to the data transmission unit (9). The data is then sent to the display unit (10) through the data transmission unit (9). The display unit (10) is used to acquire real-time monitored data on soil humidity, temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration.

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