Quantization in NR LPP

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of positioning, and discloses a method which comprises the following steps: acquiring at least one parameter set; comparing the first channel type information with the second channel type information; and providing feedback information based on the comparison and if the first channel type is mismatched with the second channel type, or applying quantization policy information to a quantization application of the one or more signals based on the comparison and if the first channel type information is matched with the second channel type information. The invention further discloses a corresponding device, a computer program and a system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The following disclosure relates to the field of positioning, or more specifically to systems, apparatuses, and methods for quantifying strategies to reduce overhead and latency in LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) positioning. Background Technology

[0002] In LPP positioning, positioning reports can include a huge number of samples / entities. Transmitting such reports over the New Radio (NR) air interface without quantization can incur significant overhead and latency. Quantizing these entities and / or utilizing propagation channel characteristics during quantization can be beneficial. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The inventors realized that a solution that enables the provision of quantified location reports within a deployment location session between network devices and user devices could be useful.

[0004] According to a first exemplary aspect, a method is disclosed, the method comprising: - Obtain at least one parameter set, which indicates at least quantization strategy information and first channel type information; - Compare the first channel type information with the second channel type information acquired by the device; and - Based on this comparison, and if the first channel type information and the second channel type information mismatch, feedback information is provided, or Based on this comparison, and if the first channel type information matches the second channel type information, the quantization strategy information is applied to the quantization of one or more signals.

[0005] The method can be performed and / or controlled, for example, by a device such as a user device (e.g., user equipment, terminal, electronic device, Internet of Things (IoT) device, Industrial IoT (IIoT) device, to name just a few non-limiting examples). For instance, the method can be performed and / or controlled by using at least one processor in such a user device.

[0006] This user equipment can be configured to communicate in mobile communication networks, such as New Radio (NR), or 5G System (5GS), or parts thereof, or any other mobile communication system defined by past or future standards, particularly subsequent standards to the current 3GPP standards.

[0007] According to a second exemplary aspect, a method is disclosed, the method comprising: - Select a quantization strategy for quantization of one or more signals, wherein the quantization strategy is selected based at least in part on first channel type information; - Determine at least one set of parameters based on the selected quantization strategy, the at least one set of parameters indicating at least quantization strategy information and first channel type information; and - Provide at least one set of parameters.

[0008] The method can be performed and / or controlled by, for example, a device such as a network device (e.g., a location management function (LMF) or location service of a mobile communication network). For example, the network device can be, includes, or is part of a base station of any generation of communication network according to 3GPP standards (e.g., gNB, eNodeB, NodeB, BTS, etc.). Alternatively, the method can be performed and / or controlled by more than one device, such as a server cloud comprising at least two servers. For example, the method can be performed and / or controlled using at least one processor of the network device.

[0009] Specifically, multiple network entities of this exemplary aspect (e.g., multiple user devices and / or multiple network devices as described above) may establish the aforementioned communication system or network. The network devices of the exemplary aspect may be able to communicate directly and / or indirectly with the exemplary apparatus of the first aspect, and vice versa.

[0010] According to another exemplary aspect, a computer program is disclosed that, when executed by a processor, causes a device (e.g., a server) to perform and / or control the actions of the methods according to the first and / or second exemplary aspects.

[0011] Computer programs can be stored on computer-readable storage media, particularly tangible and / or non-transitory media. Computer-readable storage media can be, for example, disks or memory. Computer programs can be stored in computer-readable storage media in the form of instructions that encode the computer-readable storage media. Computer-readable storage media can be used to participate in the operation of devices, such as internal or external memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or a computer's hard disk, or for the distribution of programs, such as optical discs.

[0012] According to another exemplary aspect, an apparatus is disclosed that is configured to perform and / or control or include corresponding components for performing and / or controlling methods according to the first and / or second exemplary aspects.

[0013] The components of the device can be implemented in hardware and / or software. They may include, for example, at least one processor for executing computer program code to achieve the desired function, at least one memory for storing the program code, or both. Alternatively, they may include, for example, a circuit system designed to achieve the desired function, implemented as a chipset or chip (such as an integrated circuit). Typically, the component may include, for example, one or more processing components or processors.

[0014] According to another exemplary aspect, an apparatus is disclosed comprising: at least one processor, and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured together with the at least one processor such that the apparatus (e.g., the apparatus) at least performs and / or controls a method according to the first and / or second exemplary aspects.

[0015] The apparatus disclosed above according to any aspect may be a module or component for a device, such as a chip. Alternatively, the apparatus disclosed according to any aspect may be a device, such as a server or server cloud. The apparatus disclosed according to any aspect may include only the disclosed components, such as parts, processors, memory, or may also include one or more additional components.

[0016] According to another exemplary aspect, a system is disclosed, comprising: one or more means according to the first aspect disclosed above, and at least one means according to the second aspect disclosed above.

[0017] Any disclosure relating to any exemplary aspect herein shall be construed as equivalent to disclosure relating to any subject matter according to the corresponding exemplary aspect, such as apparatus, method, computer program, and computer-readable medium. Therefore, for example, disclosure of method steps should also be considered as disclosure of components for performing and / or configured to perform the corresponding method steps. Similarly, disclosure of components for performing and / or configured to perform method steps should also be considered as disclosure of the method steps themselves. The same applies to any channel describing at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured, together with at least one processor, such that the apparatus at least performs the steps.

[0018] For convenience, a list of abbreviations used below has been provided at this point: AI (Artificial Intelligence) CIR channel impulse response DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) DL downlink ML Machine Learning NR New Radio NW Network LMF location management function LPP LTE positioning protocol PRS Positioning Reference Signal PSS Master Synchronization Signal RF (Radio Frequency) PDP power delay distribution QC Quantization Codebook TRP Transmit (Tx) / Receive (Rx) Points UE User Equipment UL uplink VQ Vector Quantization

[0019] Exemplary features and exemplary embodiments of all aspects will be described in more detail below.

[0020] In AI / ML localization, RAN1 considers the normalized N. TRP N port N t The report of CIR / PDP values, where N TRP N is the total number of TRPs to be measured. port N is the number of RF chains (e.g., those included in or connectable to the user equipment of the first aspect), and N t This is the delay domain / the number of first CIR (and / or PDP) samples (multiple) within that delay domain. Typical values ​​for these entities could be, for example: -N TRP The order of magnitude is in the tens (hundreds for FR2 beam positioning), for example, 20 to 100; -N port ∈[1, N max ], N max =8; and -N t ∈[50, 250].

[0021] Note that one or more location reports provided for positioning (e.g., also known as CIR / PDP reports) and including the values ​​described above can assume that the multipath component indexed k has a corresponding delay d[k] = kT, where T is the sampling time of the corresponding system. However, the first N t The case where all CIR components / values ​​are non-negligible is likely rare. Otherwise, the case where the reported (non-negligible) CIR component "k" is associated with the delay kT is likely rare. Therefore, except for N TRP N port N t In addition to the CIR / PDP report, the associated delay vector can be beneficial. Such a delay vector can be provided (e.g., reported) such that, for example, the CIR component is fully characterized by the gain and delay values, to give only one non-limiting example.

[0022] NW (e.g., a mobile communication network (e.g., including user equipment and / or network equipment of the first and / or second aspects) can support location reports of (e.g., 2 x 100 x 8 x 250 = 4e5) entities. Without some form of quantization, providing (e.g., sending) such reports from user equipment to network equipment via the NR air interface can result in large (e.g., up to unacceptable) (e.g., signaling) overhead and / or delays.

[0023] Example embodiments of the first and / or second exemplary aspects may allow quantization of such entities and / or the use of propagation channel characteristics when quantizing such entities, such that quantization loss can be minimized.

[0024] At least one parameter set indicates at least quantization strategy information and first channel type information. The at least one parameter set may include multiple (e.g., at least two) quantization strategy information and multiple (e.g., at least two) first channel type information.

[0025] As used herein, such quantization strategy information can be understood as information that enables (e.g., user equipment) to quantize data / signals (e.g., the location report disclosed above) before transmission (e.g., to network equipment). For example, quantization strategy information may indicate or represent scalar quantization and / or vector quantization. Thus, quantization strategy information may represent at least one of scalar quantization or vector quantization. Additionally, quantization strategy information may indicate or represent scalar quantization of uniform or non-uniform type, and / or scalar quantization as a nonlinear function g() for a non-uniform quantization scheme, to name only a few non-limiting examples. Additionally or alternatively, quantization strategy information may indicate or represent the minimum and / or maximum range of scalar quantization, the number of quantization levels (e.g., or equivalently, the number of quantization bits). Additionally, quantization strategy information may indicate or represent vector quantization including or represented by QC, which may, for example, match the expected channel profile (e.g., as included, indicated, or represented by first channel type information). In cases where the quantization strategy information indicates or represents vector quantization, the quantization strategy information can also indicate or represent the dimensions of the VQ input across the time-space domain(s)(e.g., the shape of the corresponding (e.g., each) codeword). The QC can be a set of indexed codewords obtained (e.g., retrieved or received by the network device and then provided to the user equipment) for a corresponding (e.g., each) type of channel profile (such as those included, indicated, or represented by first channel type information). The network device can determine (e.g., select) the QC. The QC can specify how consecutive CIR / PDP samples (e.g., in both the Rx port and delay domain) can be quantized together.

[0026] As used herein, such first channel type information can be understood as a representation of one or more channel characteristics. The corresponding channel characteristic of one or more channel characteristics can be, for example, power delay distribution, maximum excess delay, line-of-sight (LOS) probability, or a combination thereof, to name just a few non-limiting examples. Such first channel type information can be a representation of one or more channel characteristics used for communication between a corresponding user equipment of the first aspect and another network device or other network device. Examples of such network devices or other network devices can include (multiple) other user equipment, (multiple) network nodes (such as (multiple) access points, (multiple) gNBs, or (multiple) base stations), or network devices of the second aspect. For example, the first channel type information can be determined (e.g., anticipated) by a network device (e.g., an LMF or location server, such as a device of the second aspect). Such first channel type information can indicate a specific channel profile utilized by the user equipment, such as urban, suburban, hilly, indoor macro / micro, to name just a few non-limiting examples.

[0027] At least one parameter set may be obtained by the user equipment, for example, by receiving at least one parameter set from the network device of the second aspect. At least one parameter set may be obtained directly by the user equipment, for example, from the network device, or indirectly, for example, via another entity that obtains (e.g., receives) the at least one parameter set from the network device, and then relays the at least one parameter set to the user equipment.

[0028] According to some example embodiments of all exemplary aspects, at least one parameter set can be received as a whole parameter set, such that information indicated by the at least one parameter set (e.g., all) is specified by the same parameter set. Thus, for example, a user equipment can acquire (e.g., receive) a single parameter set indicating information described herein (e.g., quantization strategy information and first channel type information). Additionally, in some examples, the single parameter set may include said information (e.g., quantization strategy information and first channel type information).

[0029] According to some example embodiments of all exemplary aspects, at least one parameter set may include two or more parameter sets. Each parameter set in the two or more parameter sets may indicate one or more different pieces of information. For example, a first parameter set may indicate at least quantization strategy information, and a second parameter set (different from the first parameter set) may indicate at least first channel type information. Additionally, in some examples, the first parameter set may include quantization strategy information, and the second parameter set may include first channel type information. Therefore, it should be noted that information acquired by the user equipment may be acquired (e.g., received) in the same parameter set(s) or in separate parameter sets. Thus, acquiring (e.g., receiving) at least one parameter set indicating at least quantization strategy information and first channel type information by the user equipment can be understood as the user equipment receiving both quantization strategy information and first channel type information.

[0030] User equipment can acquire second channel type information. As used herein, such second channel type information can be understood to include content corresponding to the aforementioned disclosure regarding first channel type information. Correspondence herein can mean that the first channel type information and the second channel type information have similar, identical, or equivalent content. For example, the first channel type information may indicate and / or include a first channel characteristic parameter (e.g., represented by a corresponding channel characteristic of one or more channel characteristics), and the second channel type information may indicate and / or include a second channel characteristic parameter indicating the same content as the first channel characteristic parameter. However, the first channel characteristic parameter and the second channel characteristic parameter may have matching or mismatched values. Similarly, there may be multiple additional channel characteristic parameters in the first channel type information and the second channel type information. However, the first channel type information and the second channel type information do not need to have identical content, provided that their corresponding channel (e.g., type) characteristics or multiple characteristics are comparable to each other (e.g., the same parameter, but with the same or different values).

[0031] Compared to the first channel type information, the second channel type information can be obtained by a user equipment outside of at least one parameter set, for example, by the user equipment of the first aspect (e.g., itself) by determining or estimating the second channel type information. The user equipment can compare the first channel type information of at least one parameter set with the second channel type information. As a result of such comparison, the first channel type information may match the second type information, or there may be a mismatch between the first channel type information and the second channel type information.

[0032] Using the above example, comparing first channel type information with second channel type information can be referred to as comparing parameter pairs, wherein at least one parameter of the first channel type information is compared with at least one parameter of the second channel type information. Such a comparison can be based on at least one parameter pair (more than one parameter pair can be used). Using the above example with at least one parameter pair being compared, if the user equipment determines that the first channel characteristic parameter (e.g., included by the first channel type information) and the second channel characteristic parameter (e.g., included by the second channel type information) have different values, a mismatch can be determined. On the other hand, if the user equipment determines that such a first channel characteristic parameter and such a second channel characteristic parameter have the same value, a match can be determined. Multiple different thresholds can be applied to determine whether the values ​​are the same. That is, these values ​​do not necessarily have to be exactly the same, as long as they are within a certain offset from each other.

[0033] If more than one parameter pair is used in the comparison, the user equipment can determine a mismatch or a match based on various different logics. As an example, a match can be determined if the comparison values ​​of the channel characteristic parameters of the first and second channel type information match, for example, all of them; and a mismatch can be determined if the corresponding value of at least one channel characteristic parameter of the first channel type information does not match the corresponding value of the corresponding channel characteristic parameter of the second channel type information, for example, the corresponding value.

[0034] Example embodiments of the first exemplary aspect may include: Based on this comparison, a mismatch is determined between the first channel type information and the second channel type information; and - Based on this determination, provide feedback information (e.g., to network devices).

[0035] Alternatively or concurrently, example embodiments of the first exemplary aspect may include: Based on this comparison, it is determined that the first channel type information matches the second channel type information; and Based on this determination, the quantization strategy information is applied to the quantization of one or more signals.

[0036] Applying quantization strategy information to the quantization of one or more signals can be understood as quantizing one or more signals according to the quantization strategy information. Such one or more signals may, for example, be, or be represented by one or more PRS (Pulse Representation Strategies). Such one or more signals may, for example, not be, or not be represented by one or more components of such one or more signals.

[0037] Therefore, based on this comparison, and if the first channel type information mismatches with the second channel type information, the user equipment can (e.g., to the network device) provide (e.g., send) feedback information (e.g., from the user equipment that has already acquired at least one set of parameters). This can trigger the user equipment to acquire another at least one set of parameters, such that the method of the first aspect can be executed and / or controlled by the user equipment again, for example, multiple times (e.g., at least twice), for example, until the user equipment can acquire at least one set of parameters generated in the comparison result of the first channel type information matching the second channel type information.

[0038] Otherwise, based on this comparison, and if the first channel type information matches the second channel type information, the user equipment may apply quantization strategy information to the quantization of one or more signals (e.g., CIR / PDP signals that may be included in the location report disclosed above). This quantization may be performed and / or controlled by the user equipment of the first aspect. This quantization may be performed and / or controlled by the user equipment of the first aspect prior to the corresponding transmission of such a signal. It should be understood that such application of quantization strategy information may also be performed and / or controlled after the user equipment of the first aspect has received the transmission (e.g., a signal) to dequantize the received transmission, to give only further, non-limiting examples.

[0039] Furthermore, both steps of providing feedback information and applying quantization strategy information can be performed and / or controlled, for example, by the user equipment. This can be done if the comparison results in at least one set of parameters matching the second channel type information, and therefore the feedback information can indicate or represent a match. Otherwise, the feedback information can indicate or represent such a mismatch between the first and second channel type information. If this matching is the result of the comparison, the means of the first aspect (e.g., the user equipment) can wait (e.g., from the network device) for at least another set of parameters (e.g., according to the means of the second exemplary aspect).

[0040] According to exemplary embodiments of all aspects, feedback information indicates a mismatch (or a match). This feedback information may reflect the result of the comparison.

[0041] The network device (e.g., the means of the second aspect) can select a quantization strategy for quantizing one or more signals, wherein the quantization strategy is selected at least in part based on (e.g., anticipated, determined, or acquired) (e.g., the) first channel type information. The network device can also determine at least one set of parameters based on the selected quantization strategy. The network device can provide at least one set of parameters (e.g., to the user equipment as described above).

[0042] For example, when configuring CIR compression, clustering, and / or quantization blocks for a corresponding LPP positioning (e.g., DL positioning or UL positioning), this can allow full utilization of one or more aspects of the following channels in the user equipment (e.g., the UE), at least one of the following: - Sparsity in the delay domain, i.e., CIR / PDP is typically composed of (e.g., only) a small number of non-negligible independent multipath components; - Known spatial correlation across the Rx antenna, for example, by user equipment included in or connectable to user equipment of the first aspect; or - Known temporal coherence, i.e., two measurements performed within the same coherence time have approximately equal CIR / PDP (e.g., highly correlated).

[0043] At least one set of parameters may be a portion of the LPP, or more specifically a portion of the enhanced LPP, for example, as follows and / or enabled by example embodiments of all exemplary aspects: 1. A network device (e.g., the device of the second aspect) can predict the channel profile of a user device (e.g., the device of the first aspect), such as urban, suburban, hilly, indoor macro / micro, etc. This can be represented by first channel type information. 2. Network devices can select a CIR / PDP normalization strategy, i.e., a linear or nonlinear function f() for the normalization estimation of CIR. The function f() is used before the quantization step to map the CIR / PDP signal within a range suitable for the quantization characteristics. 3. Network devices can select quantization strategies (QS), such as scalar (SQ) and vector quantization (VQ). a. Regarding SQ: i. Type: Uniform or Non-uniform ii. Nonlinear function g() for non-uniform schemes Network devices can share the minimum and maximum range of scalar quantization, the number of quantization levels (or, equivalently, the number of quantization bits). b. Regarding VQ: Network devices can select a quantization codebook (QC) that matches the desired channel profile. LMF also sets the dimension of the input to VQ (shape of each codeword) across the time-space domain. The QC can be a set of indexed codewords obtained for each type of channel profile. QC specifies how consecutive CIR / PDP samples (in both the Rx port and the delay domain) can be quantized together. 4. Network devices can transmit a normalization function f(), a QS parameter set a) or b), and can indicate the channel type associated with a policy. Such information can be included by at least one parameter set. 5. The user equipment can receive the QS and can assess whether the channel type indicated in step 3 matches its own estimate (e.g., represented or included by the second channel type information), for example, obtained from DL DMRS detection, synchronization (e.g., PSS and / or SSS synchronization), or other processes. 6. If the two profiles (e.g., first channel type information and second channel type information) do not match, the user equipment can notify the network equipment of the mismatch using a signal (e.g., via feedback information). a. The process can then be restarted in step 2.

[0044] According to exemplary embodiments of all aspects, at least one set of parameters is an information element or at least a portion of an information element.

[0045] At least one parameter set can be an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) information element or at least a portion of such an LPP information element (e.g., one or more fields). Such one or more fields can be, for example, location information fields, capability fields, auxiliary data fields, or combinations thereof, to name just a few non-limiting examples. Such an information element can be a part of the LPP (parameter set). Such an information element can be a part of the LPP configuration (e.g., LPP configuration) that a user equipment can use for configuration.

[0046] According to exemplary embodiments of all aspects, at least one parameter set includes a corresponding parameter set for each transmission and reception point (TRP).

[0047] At least one parameter set may include a corresponding parameter set for each TRP; for example, at least one parameter set may include multiple (e.g., at least two) such parameter sets. The corresponding parameter set for each TRP may include, or at least indicate, at least one of corresponding quantization strategy information and corresponding first channel type information. This allows different quantization strategy information to be applied to communication of user equipment for a specific TRP, for example, in a multi-TRP 5G mobile communication network.

[0048] According to an exemplary embodiment of the first aspect, the method further includes: -Measure the impulse response signals of one or more channels; and - Apply quantization strategy information to one or more channel impulse response signals measured within the deployed positioning session.

[0049] For example, to provide a corresponding location report, the user equipment may include one or more channel impulse response signals in such a signal / transmission. The user equipment may measure the one or more channel impulse response signals and subsequently apply quantization strategy information to the measured one or more channel impulse response signals to quantize such signals.

[0050] According to an exemplary embodiment of the second aspect, if the feedback information indicates a match between first channel type information of at least one set of parameters and second channel type information as estimated by the user equipment, the method further includes: - Deploy location sessions based at least in part on this at least one set of parameters.

[0051] Alternatively or concurrently, the measurement of one or more channel impulse response signals, and the application of quantization strategy information, can be performed and / or controlled within a positioning session (e.g., an LPP positioning session, or a DL positioning session) (e.g., by the user equipment). For this purpose, such a positioning session can be deployed (e.g., established), for example, between the respective user equipment and the respective network equipment.

[0052] According to an exemplary embodiment of the first aspect, at least one parameter set further indicates normalization strategy information, or the method further includes: - Determine normalization strategy information based at least in part on second channel type information and at least one of one or more measured channel impulse response signals or one or more power delay distribution signals; and - Provide normalization strategy information (e.g., as part of or together with the provided feedback information).

[0053] According to an exemplary embodiment of the second aspect, the method further includes: - Based on at least one of one user equipment capabilities or user equipment desired channel types (e.g., channel profiles), determine one or more quantization cluster matrices, wherein the respective quantization cluster matrices of the one or more quantization cluster matrices aggregate one or more channel impulse response signals, and At least one of the parameter sets also indicates one or more quantization cluster matrices.

[0054] For example, the user equipment can determine (e.g., decide) a corresponding normalization function f(). Additionally, the user equipment can determine (e.g., decide) a VQ codebook for quantization of one or more (e.g., CIR / PDP) signals (e.g., generate (e.g., complete) QC). The user equipment can provide (e.g., transmit or share) at least the normalization function f() and QC to the network end (e.g., a network device in the second aspect). Information fragments can be included by normalization policy information. This normalization policy information can be in information elements, particularly in LPP information elements, or in at least a portion of such information elements or LPP information elements. Upon receiving these information fragments (e.g., as part of feedback information, to give only a non-limiting example), the network device can use the information to reconstruct the corresponding CIR / PDP (e.g., as previously measured by the user equipment, and the user equipment may have already determined the normalization policy information based on this information). Such information can be part of a configuration. Such a configuration can be conveyed as an index to a class, wherein one or more classes can be defined as at least one of the following: -Class 1: f_1(), VQ_1; -Class 2: f_2(), VQ_2; -Class 3: f_3(), VQ_3; or -Class 4: f_4(), VQ_4; - And so on, just a few non-restrictive examples.

[0055] Alternatively, the user equipment may determine, for example, that (multiple) CIR / PDP samples may be clustered together across one or more antenna ports, and the corresponding delay domains of the delay (e.g., both). Therefore, the user equipment may determine (e.g., define) a quantization cluster matrix. The user equipment may provide (e.g., form) the quantization cluster matrix to the network equipment. This allows the user equipment to inform the equipment about this selection / these selections.

[0056] The user equipment can determine whether the at least one set of parameters also indicates normalization policy information. If true, the network device may have already performed and / or controlled the following:

[0057] According to an exemplary embodiment of the second aspect, the feedback information further indicates normalization strategy information, wherein the method further includes: - Based on normalized policy information, determine at least one of the following: channel impulse response, or power delay distribution for a channel used by a user equipment within a positioning session.

[0058] According to an exemplary embodiment of the first aspect, the method further includes: - Use normalization strategy information to normalize one or more channel impulse response signals or one or more power delay distribution signals (e.g., or more specifically, estimated CIR).

[0059] Normalization can be performed and / or controlled before or after quantization (e.g., by applying quantization strategy information) or as part of quantization. This can allow mapping one or more CIR / PDP signals within a range that can be adapted to (e.g., the) quantization characteristics (e.g., the quantization characteristics of the propagation channel used).

[0060] Additionally, quantization can be applied within the deployed positioning session. This allows minimizing the quantization loss of the channel matrix associated with the channel profile(s) in the positioning session, and allows user devices to reduce overhead and latency by providing such quantized positioning reports that include normalized and / or quantized first or more CIR / PDP signals.

[0061] According to an exemplary embodiment of the first aspect, at least one parameter set further indicates one or more quantization cluster matrices, wherein the respective quantization cluster matrices of the one or more quantization cluster matrices aggregate one or more channel impulse response signals across one or more antenna ports included in or connectable to the means of the first aspect, and wherein normalization strategy information is also used to normalize the one or more quantization cluster matrices.

[0062] For example, quantization strategy information includes or represents at least one quantization cluster matrix (e.g., clustered across one or more antenna ports included by a user equipment).

[0063] For example, before acquiring the at least one set of parameters, the corresponding network device (e.g., the network device from which the user equipment acquires at least one set of parameters) can determine (e.g., decide) the QS per TRP. For example, the network device can determine (e.g., assert) that the corresponding CIR / PDP samples can be clustered both across antenna ports and in delay; for example, the network device can determine (e.g., define) and provide (e.g., notify the user equipment) one or more pieces of information about the corresponding quantization cluster matrix, where the cluster matrix k can be defined as: , Where L is the size of the cluster in the delay domain, for example, L=10. Note that the network device (e.g., LMF) can also request the user equipment (e.g., UE) to project the CIR / PDP onto a given basis before quantization. To do this, the user equipment can obtain (e.g., receive) the corresponding request (e.g., from the network device).

[0064] According to an exemplary embodiment of the first aspect, the method further includes: - Map the corresponding quantization cluster matrix of one or more quantization cluster matrices to codewords in the quantization codebook.

[0065] According to an exemplary embodiment of the second aspect, the method further includes: - The quantization codebook QC is selected based at least in part on the desired channel type (e.g., channel profiles) represented by the first channel type information; and - Provide QC (e.g., to the device of the first party).

[0066] Such a quantization codebook can be selected (e.g., by a network device). This quantization codebook can be selected because the QC can match the expected channel profile, for example, as represented by the first channel type information. This allows minimizing the quantization loss of the channel matrix. These mapped codewords can be utilized when transmitting the Position Reference Signal (PRS), to name only a few non-limiting examples.

[0067] Next, the user equipment can be assigned tasks / instructions, for example, by receiving requests (e.g., from a network device) for at least one of the following: i. Use the function f() determined by LMF to normalize the channel matrix M(k); or ii. Map each matrix M(k), k=1:K to a codeword from QC={Y(1),…,Y(N)}, where QC has been designed by LMF to minimize the quantization loss of the channel matrix associated with the channel profile identified in step B.

[0068] When a corresponding TRP (e.g., to a user equipment) sends multiple PRS (e.g., beamforming PRS), the user equipment can measure its CIR, and then the matrix M(k) can aggregate the corresponding (e.g., all) CIR / PDPs extracted from the PRS with a common source / transmitter (common TX) and a common receiver (common RX), to name just a few non-limiting examples.

[0069] According to an exemplary embodiment of the first aspect, the second channel type information is estimated based on at least one of the following: downlink DL, demodulation reference signal DMRS, detection, primary synchronization signal PSS, synchronization, or measured (e.g., acquired or measured by the device) channel characteristics. The second channel type information may represent a channel profile determined by the user equipment at least in part based on the user equipment's own observations.

[0070] According to an exemplary embodiment of the first aspect, the comparison further includes determining whether the first channel type information matches the second channel type information. For such a comparison, the first channel type information and / or the second channel type information may include datasets with different line-of-sight (LOS) / non-line-of-sight (NLOS) rates, among other things. For example, the first channel type information and / or the second channel type information may include values ​​of indoor factory (InF) ​​channel models and / or outdoor factory (OuF) with different cluster density parameters (e.g., as fields in information elements, such as LPP information elements), such as... InF / OuF-SL features sparse clutter and low base station height (e.g., both Tx and Rx are below the average height of the clutter). InF / OuF-DL features dense clutter and low base station height (e.g., both Tx and Rx are below the average height of the clutter). InF / OuF-SH features sparse clutter and high base station height (e.g., Tx or Rx is higher than clutter). InF / OuF-DH features dense clutter and high base station height (e.g., Tx or Rx is higher than clutter). InF / OuF-HH has high Tx and high Rx (e.g., both are higher than clutter).

[0071] The corresponding channel model, along with the parameters described above, can be represented by corresponding values ​​or by information indicating such values, to name just a few non-limiting examples.

[0072] According to exemplary embodiments of all aspects, quantization strategy information is associated with a specific channel type, and wherein first channel type information represents the specific channel type.

[0073] According to an exemplary embodiment of the second aspect, the method further includes: - Select normalization strategy information, which indicates at least one normalization function for normalizing at least one of the following: one or more channel impulse response signals, or one or more power delay distribution signals (e.g., mapping (multiple) CIR / PSP signals in a range suitable for quantization characteristics), wherein the normalization strategy is selected based on first channel type information, and wherein at least one set of parameters also indicates the normalization strategy information.

[0074] Network devices can select CIR / PDP normalization policy information, for example, to indicate or represent a linear or nonlinear function f(). Such a normalization function can then be used (e.g., by the user equipment) to normalize the CIR estimated by the user equipment. After the normalization policy information is selected, it can be included in at least one parameter set, for example, provided to the user equipment. The normalization policy information can be included in fields of information elements, such as fields of LPP information elements, for example, LPP information elements as described above that can represent at least one parameter set.

[0075] According to an exemplary embodiment of the second aspect, the method further includes: - Determine or acquire (e.g., retrieve from storage device) first channel type information, and wherein normalization strategy information is selected at least in part based on the determined or acquired first channel type information.

[0076] According to an exemplary embodiment of the second aspect, the method further includes: - Obtain (e.g., receive) feedback information; and If the feedback information indicates a mismatch between the first channel type information and the second channel type information, as estimated by the user equipment, the device performs and / or controls at least one additional instance of the selection of a quantization strategy, the determination of at least one parameter set, and the provision of at least one parameter set based at least in part on the feedback information.

[0077] If a comparison (e.g., performed and / or controlled by the user equipment) results in a mismatch between the first channel type information and the second channel type information, the user equipment may be disabled from utilizing quantization strategy information used to quantize one or more signals (e.g., included in a location report). Therefore, the user equipment may request / demand the provision of at least one suitable set of parameters. Consequently, the user equipment may provide feedback information that allows the network device to determine an updated set of at least one parameter requested by the user equipment. This process may be repeated multiple times (e.g., at least twice) until the first channel type information matches the second channel type information.

[0078] For example, to avoid redundant overhead, the feedback information also indicates the corresponding channel type information (e.g., second channel type information) that the user equipment of the first aspect has determined / estimated / acquired. Alternatively or additionally, when a mismatch is observed at the z-th mismatch detection, the network device of the second aspect can reject the request by acquiring (e.g., receiving) feedback information (e.g., from the user equipment) to modify the quantization policy information. The value z can be predefined. The value z can be set by the network device and provided to the user equipment, for example, as part of the LPP configuration provided to the user equipment; only one non-limiting example is given.

[0079] When quantization policy information is transmitted to the user equipment (UE), the network device (e.g., may also) inform the UE which channel type the policy corresponds to. The UE can then verify whether the channel type of at least one acquired parameter set (e.g., represented by first channel type information) matches the UE's observation (e.g., represented by second channel type information). In the event of a mismatch, the UE can notify the network device of the mismatch, allowing the network device to adjust / update (e.g., the QS represented by the quantization policy information) accordingly. As briefly described above, to avoid repeated mismatches: - User equipment can request network equipment to export the QS for the channel type observed by the user equipment. - Alternatively, when a mismatch is observed at the z-th mismatch detection point, the network device may reject the user device's request to change the QS, where Z is set by the NW or the network device.

[0080] It should be understood that the presentation in this section is for illustrative purposes only and is not restrictive.

[0081] Other features will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that the drawings are designed for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be limiting, with reference to the appended claims for such limitation. It will also be understood that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale and are intended only to conceptually illustrate the structures and processes described herein. Attached Figure Description

[0082] The attached diagram shows:

[0083] Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of a system based on exemplary aspects;

[0084] Figure 2 This is a schematic example of a CIR sample spanning multiple antenna ports, as used in the exemplary embodiments of all exemplary aspects;

[0085] Figure 3 Signaling diagrams of an example embodiment of the system according to all exemplary aspects are shown;

[0086] Figure 4 A flowchart of an example embodiment of the method according to the first exemplary aspect is shown;

[0087] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating an example embodiment of the method according to the first exemplary aspect is shown; and

[0088] Figure 6 This is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus configured to perform a method according to the first and / or second exemplary aspects. Detailed Implementation

[0089] The following description is intended to enhance understanding and should be read in conjunction with the descriptions provided in the above summary section of this specification.

[0090] Figure 1 This is a schematic high-level block diagram of a system according to exemplary aspects. System 100 includes user equipment 130 and LMF 110. Both user equipment 130 and LMF 110 can be part of a mobile communication network (not shown). LMF 110 may include or be connected to an optional database 120, for example, for retrieving information (such as QC, first channel type information), to name a few non-limiting examples. User equipment 130 and LMF 110 can communicate with each other, as indicated by the double arrows.

[0091] To transmit one or more signal / data communications, user equipment 130 may utilize a transmission chain shown within block 130, comprising six blocks, where blocks 1, 3, and 5 may be optional. When data / signals are transmitted by user equipment 130, the chain may be passed in a sequential order of steps, such as from 1 to 5. When data / signals are received by user equipment, the chain may be passed in a descending order of steps, such as from 5 to 1, where in both cases, step 6 illustrates the normalized and quantized data / signals, exemplified here by an LPP (Location Point) report.

[0092] At least one set of parameters utilized by the example embodiments of all aspects, for example in the form of a new set of information elements (IE) for the LPP protocol, enables the LMF 110 to be configured jointly: -CIR Extraction / Compression Block 2, and -Quantization Block 4

[0093] According to, for example: - User equipment 130 capabilities (e.g., sampling resolution, number of RF chains) - Predicted propagation channel characteristics (e.g., based on past PRS measurements (see Box 1) and / or positioning accuracy).

[0094] As an example, LMF 110 selects a CIR / PDP normalization strategy and a quantization strategy based on the channel state at user equipment 130, and transmits the corresponding normalization function (e.g., represented by the corresponding normalization strategy information), the corresponding QS parameter set (e.g., represented by the corresponding normalization strategy information), and indicates the corresponding channel type (e.g., represented by the corresponding first channel type information), and optionally (e.g., explicitly) indicates which channel type the quantization strategy information is associated with. User equipment 130 evaluates whether the indicated channel type matches its own estimate (e.g., represented by the corresponding second channel type information) and notifies LMF 110 of a mismatch signal.

[0095] User equipment 130 can: - Receive the QS and assess whether the indicated channel type matches its own estimate, for example, obtained from DLDMRS detection, PSS synchronization, or other processes; and - If the two profiles do not match, the UE will notify the LMF of the mismatch using a mismatch signal.

[0096] LMF 130 can: - Select a CIR / PDP normalization strategy, i.e., a linear or nonlinear function f() used for normalization estimation of the CIR. The function f() is used before the quantization step to map the CIR / PDP signal within a range suitable for the quantization characteristics; - Choose a quantization strategy (QS), such as scalar (SQ) and vector quantization (VQ). - Transmit the normalization function, the QS parameter set, and indicate the channel type associated with the policy (e.g., in the form of at least one corresponding parameter set).

[0097] This allows user device 130 to specifically use block 4 for the “compression and quantization” function module on CIR / PDP to provide the corresponding positioning report for location inference to LMF 110, so that data services on the NR air interface can be optimized, for example, from their size to their latency (e.g., due to reduced size).

[0098] At least one set of parameters, for example in the form of LPP information elements, may allow LMF 110 to transmit a normalization function, a QS parameter set, and an indication of the channel type for / to User Equipment 130. Feedback information (also in the form of LPP information elements) may allow User Equipment 130 to notify User Equipment 130 of any adaptation signals provided by LMF 110 for the channel type. This process can be utilized by example embodiments of all exemplary aspects.

[0099] Figure 2A schematic example of a CIR sample spanning multiple antenna ports is shown, here for example... Figure 1 At Rx port 1 and Rx port 2 of user equipment 130, as used in example embodiments of all exemplary aspects.

[0100] The channel response vector that user equipment 130 can extract across its Rx antenna port can represent at least one of the following: - Spatial dependent (inversely proportional to antenna separation); or - Delay correlation is an imperfect bandpass, nonlinear result of the amplifier transmitter chain, filters, and / or finite sampling resolution (i.e., one or more clusters of estimated taps in the delay domain) of a base station (e.g., a gNB in ​​a mobile communication network). Because it can actually correspond to a single propagation path, it is highly correlated.

[0101] Figure 2 The above exemplary description is shown: - The actual propagation channel consists of four main paths. This propagation channel is resolved by the user equipment into four tap clusters at each of the user equipment's two Rx antenna ports (see four taps between delay indices 0 and 80). Taps within such clusters are correlated because they have the same or similar corresponding CIRs. Similarly, clusters are also correlated across Rx antenna ports.

[0102] In summary, the estimated CIR samples, as shown at the two antenna ports Rx port 1 and Rx port 2, exhibit intra-cluster and inter-cluster correlations. Therefore, it becomes apparent that the quantization strategy employing at least one of the following: 1. Property 1: Intra-cluster / inter-cluster correlation; or 2. Property 2: Cluster size in the delay domain (e.g., the expected number of reflections and their spacing in the delay domain) This could be beneficial and allow for minimizing both quantization loss and associated CIR reporting overhead.

[0103] Property 1 can be inherent to the user equipment (e.g., antenna spacing, sampling rate, CIR estimator capability), and property 2 can be non-inherent to the user equipment (e.g., the distance at which clusters are separated in the delay domain, the number of clusters). Therefore, before selecting (e.g., the optimal) quantization strategy (e.g., in the form of quantization strategy information), LMF (e.g., the apparatus of the second exemplary aspect, e.g., ...) Figure 1 LMF 110 may require you to learn or be notified of at least one of the following: A. What are the aforementioned user equipment capabilities? This request can be resolved using existing LPP signaling, for example, by adding a new LPP IE representing at least one set of parameters; or B. What is the expected channel profile (e.g., represented by the corresponding first channel type information)? For example, city, suburbs, indoors, etc. This information can be obtained from the serving gNB of the user equipment (e.g., retrieved or learned), or based on the results of the most recent LPP session, etc. (as part of the current LPP initialization session), to name just a few non-limiting examples.

[0104] Now refer to the signaling flowchart 300 shown. Figure 3 The signaling flowchart 300 illustrates an apparatus including LMF 310 (e.g., according to a second exemplary aspect, for example, Figure 1 LMF 110) and UE 330 (e.g., according to the apparatus of the first exemplary aspect, e.g., Figure 1 In an example embodiment of a system encompassing all exemplary aspects of the user equipment 130, in step 1, the LMF 330 can acquire the capabilities of the UE 330 and obtain an approximate channel profile of the UE 330 (e.g., represented by corresponding first channel type information).

[0105] Using the information described above (i.e., UE capabilities and channel profile), the MLF 310 can determine the QS for each TRP, referring to step 2. Figure 2 As illustrated in the use case, the LMF 310 can assert that CIR / PDP samples can be clustered together across both antenna ports and delay: for example, the LMF 310 can define and inform the UE 330 about the quantization cluster matrix (see step / message 6). To this end, the LMF 310 can select (if available) or determine (e.g., design) the quantization codebook QC in step 3. Furthermore, the LMF 310 can select clustering rules in step 4, such as defining L (e.g., the size of the cluster in the delay domain) and determining (e.g., establishing or generating) the corresponding or multiple quantization cluster matrix / matrix M(k) for the channel profile obtained in step 1. Additionally, the LMF 310 can select the corresponding normalization function f() in step 5. This information can be part of the LPP information elements and is represented by at least one set of parameters. The LMF 310 can transmit (e.g., send) the LPP information elements to the UE 330 in step / message 6.

[0106] Next, UE 330 can be tasked / instructed by LMF 310: i. Normalize the corresponding channel matrix using the function f(), for example, as determined by LMF 330; and ii. Map each corresponding channel matrix to a codeword from the QC already designed by the LMF 310 to minimize the quantization loss of the channel matrix associated with the channel profile identified in step “B” above.

[0107] When the QS policy is transmitted to the user equipment (see...) Figure 3 When message 6 is received, LMF 310 can notify UE 330 which channel type the quantization strategy corresponds to (e.g., via the corresponding first channel type information included by at least one set of parameters). UE 330 can then verify whether the channel type matches UE 330's observation, see step 7. In either case of mismatch or match, UE 330 can notify LMF 310 about the mismatch and match cases, see step / message 8 of the valid / invalid channel profile, causing LMF 310 to adjust the QS accordingly (see step 7). Figure 3 (Step 9). At a minimum, UE 330 can notify LMF 310 of the invalid channel profile. LMF 310 can evaluate the feedback received via message 8 and may return to step 2 again in the event of a mismatch.

[0108] Otherwise, LMF 310 may deploy a location session between LMF 310 and UE 330, as shown in step 10. UE 330 may measure one or more CIR and / or PDP signals in step 11 and apply QS (e.g., in the form of the quantization strategy obtained in step / message 6). In step 12, the location session between LMF 310 and UE 330 may be terminated, for example, causing the location of UE 330 to be determined and the location session to end, to name just a few non-limiting examples.

[0109] Figure 4 This is a flowchart 400 illustrating an example embodiment of the method according to the first exemplary aspect. This flowchart 400 can be, for example, constructed by a user device (e.g., Figure 1 The user device 130) is used to execute this.

[0110] In the first step 401, at least one set of parameters is acquired. This at least one set of parameters can be obtained from a network device (e.g., Figure 1 The LMF 110 receives at least one set of parameters and is thus acquired. Such a network device can, for example, perform and / or control... Figure 5 Flowchart 500.

[0111] In an optional second step 402, for example, if at least one set of parameters in step 401 does not include or does not indicate normalization strategy information, the means of executing and / or controlling flowchart 400 may determine the normalization strategy information.

[0112] In another optional step 403, for example, if step 402 has been performed and / or controlled, the determined normalization strategy information is provided, for example, to the corresponding network device, and the means of performing and / or controlling flowchart 400 has obtained at least one set of parameters from the network device in step 401.

[0113] In step 404, the comparison has been completed. For example, at least one set of parameters acquired in step 401 includes or indicates corresponding first channel type information. The apparatus executing and / or controlling flowchart 400 may determine second channel type information, which is then compared with the first channel type information.

[0114] Based on this comparison, and given the mismatch between the first channel type information and the second channel type information (e.g., not the same or dissimilar), flowchart 400 can proceed to step 405-1. The device executing and / or controlling flowchart 400 determines feedback information indicating the mismatch. This feedback information is provided, for example, by sending feedback information to the device, at least one parameter set being acquired from the device in step 401. Since the device executing and / or controlling flowchart 400 awaits a suitable parameter set for enabling the device to apply quantization strategy information, for example, to minimize overhead and latency in (multiple) 5G (NR) positioning sessions, flowchart 400 can be repeated at step 401 by restarting, such that another parameter set is acquired.

[0115] Based on this comparison, and given that the first channel type information matches the second channel type information (e.g., equal or similar), flowchart 400 can proceed to step 405-2. In step 405-2, quantization strategy information and / or normalization strategy information are applied, for example, to the corresponding location report, or, after the quantization strategy information and / or normalization strategy information have been applied to them, to one or more signals to be included in such a corresponding location report. In this way, overhead and latency in the corresponding 5G (NR) location sessions are minimized.

[0116] Figure 5 This is a flowchart 500 illustrating an example embodiment of the method according to the second exemplary aspect. This flowchart 500 can be executed, for example, by a user device, such as a network device, etc. Figure 1 The LMF 130. Flowchart 500 may consist of means including execution and / or control of flowchart 500, and execution and / or control... Figure 4 Flowchart 400 user equipment (e.g., Figure 1 The system of user equipment 130 is used to execute.

[0117] In an optional first step 501, one or more quantization cluster matrices are determined. For this purpose, the means of executing and / or controlling flowchart 500 can acquire (e.g., obtain) the corresponding user equipment (e.g., Figure 1The user equipment 130) has one or more capabilities, and / or a desired channel profile (e.g., represented by corresponding first channel type information). Such information may be obtained, for example, from a storage device or memory (e.g., Figure 1 The database 120 can be retrieved. Such a database may be kept available in one or more entities of the corresponding mobile communication network (e.g., a 5G (NR) mobile communication network).

[0118] In the optional second step 502, a quantization codebook is selected, for example, one or more such quantization codebooks may remain available in the aforementioned storage device or memory, for example... Figure 1 Database 120. The quantization codebook may be selected at least in part based on first channel type information. For example, there may be a predefined quantization codebook that can be a suitable selection of first channel type information that depends on a channel model that can be represented by such corresponding first channel type information.

[0119] In the optional third step 503, normalization strategy information is selected. Similarly, such multiple different normalization strategy information fragments can be kept available in a storage device or memory (e.g., Figure 1 (Database 120), and such normalization strategy information can be predefined as appropriate choices, for example, for past events, to give only one non-limiting example.

[0120] In the fourth step 504, a quantization strategy is selected, for example, based at least in part on the first channel type information, and specifically as disclosed in detail in the above-described summary and detailed description sections of this specification.

[0121] In the fifth step 505, at least one set of parameters is determined. This at least one set of parameters may indicate or include at least one of the information utilized and / or selected in the previous steps 510 to 504.

[0122] In the sixth step 506, at least one set of parameters determined in step 505 is provided, for example, by sending the at least one set of parameters, for example, to a user equipment whose capabilities may have been combined with those acquired in step 501.

[0123] In an optional seventh step 507, feedback information is acquired, for example, by receiving feedback information, such as from a user equipment, at least one parameter set is provided to the user equipment in step 506. The feedback information may indicate or suggest that the provided parameter step size is not suitable for the receiver (e.g., the user equipment) to quantify the signal, for example, for a corresponding location report. In this case, the flowchart may continue to step 501 (or at least step 504) to determine at least one parameter set that may be suitable for updating. Furthermore, the feedback information acquired (e.g., received) in step 507 may indicate or suggest that at least one parameter set provided in step 506 is suitable for the receiver. In this case, the flowchart may continue to step 508, and the means of executing and / or controlling flowchart 500 may deploy a location session, for example, with the user equipment, at least one parameter set provided to the user equipment for deployment in step 506. Furthermore, step 507 may be skipped after step 506 has been executed and / or controlled, and optional step 508 may still be executed and / or controlled.

[0124] Figure 6 This is a schematic block diagram of apparatus 600 according to the first and / or second exemplary aspects, which may, for example, represent Figure 1 User equipment 130. Alternative location, Figure 6 An exemplary block diagram can represent Figure 1 LMF 110, in this case, device 600 is a device according to the second exemplary aspect.

[0125] The device 600 includes a processor 601, a working or main memory 603, a program processor 602, a data memory (not shown), multiple communication interfaces 604, an optional user interface 605, and multiple optional sensors (not shown).

[0126] The apparatus 600 may, for example, be configured to perform and / or include corresponding components (at least one of 601 to 605) for performing and / or controlling the method according to the first and / or second exemplary aspects. The apparatus 600 may also be configured to include at least one processor (601) and at least one memory (603) including instructions (e.g., computer program code) that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus (e.g., apparatus 600) to at least perform and / or control the method according to the first and / or second exemplary aspects.

[0127] Processor 601 may, for example, include a determiner as a functional and / or structural unit. The determiner may, for example, be configured to determine normalization policy information (see...). Figure 4 Step 402), and / or quantification strategy information (see Figure 5 Step 504), and / or the corresponding quantization cluster matrix (see step 504). Figure 5 Step 501), and / or at least one set of parameters (see step 501) Figure 5 Step 506). Processor 601 may, for example, include a computer as a functional and / or structural unit. The comparator may, for example, be configured to compare the corresponding first channel type information with the second channel type information (see step 506). Figure 4 Step 404). Processor 601 may, for example, include an applicator as a functional and / or structural unit. The applicator may, for example, be configured to apply corresponding normalization strategy information and / or corresponding quantization strategy information (see step 404). Figure 4 Step 405-2). Processor 601 may, for example, include a selector as a functional and / or structural unit. The selector may, for example, be configured to select a corresponding quantization codebook (see step 405-2). Figure 5 Step 502) and / or normalization strategy information (see Step 502) and / or normalization strategy information (see Step 502) Figure 5 Step 503) and / or quantification strategy (see Figure 5 Step 504). Processor 601 may, for example, include a deployer as a functional and / or structural unit. The deployer may, for example, be configured to deploy UL and / or DL ​​positioning sessions (see step 504). Figure 5 Step 508).

[0128] The processor 601 may also control, for example, a memory 603, multiple communication interfaces 604, an optional user interface 605, and multiple optional sensors.

[0129] The processor 601 may also execute, for example, computer program code stored in program memory 602, which may represent, for example, a computer-readable storage medium including program code, which, when executed by the processor 601, causes the processor 601 to perform a method according to the first and / or second exemplary aspects.

[0130] Processor 601 (and any other processors mentioned herein) can be any suitable type of processor. Processor 601 can be, but is not limited to, one or more processors, one or more processors having one or more accompanying digital signal processors, one or more processors without accompanying digital signal processors(s), one or more application-specific computer chips, one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), one or more controllers, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or one or more computers. The associated architecture / hardware has been programmed in a manner that performs this function. Processor 601 can be, for example, an application processor running an operating system.

[0131] Program memory 602 may also be included in processor 601. This memory may be, for example, fixedly connected to processor 601, or at least partially removable from processor 601, for example, in the form of a memory card or stick. Program memory 602 may be, for example, non-volatile memory. For example, it may be any of the following: FLASH memory (or a portion thereof), ROM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM memory (or a portion thereof), or hard disk (or a portion thereof), to name just a few. Program memory 602 may also include an operating system for processor 601. Program memory 602 may also include firmware for device 600.

[0132] Device 600 includes working memory 603, for example, in the form of volatile memory. It may be, for example, random access memory (RAM) or dynamic RAM (DRAM), to name just a few non-limiting examples. It may be used, for example, by processor 601 when executing an operating system and / or computer programs.

[0133] The data storage device can be, for example, a non-volatile memory. It can be, for example, any of the following: FLASH memory (or a portion thereof), ROM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM memory (or a portion thereof), or a hard disk (or a portion thereof), to name just a few. The data storage device can, for example, store one or more parameter sets, one or more normalization strategy information segments, one or more quantization strategy information segments, one or more first channel type information segments, one or more second channel type information segments, one or more quantization channel matrices, or combinations thereof, to name just a few non-limiting examples.

[0134] In device 600, user equipment is represented (e.g., Figure 1 In the case of user equipment 130), the multiple communication interfaces 604 enable device 600 to communicate with other entities (e.g., with user equipment 130). Figure 1 (LMF 110). In this case, device 600 can also communicate with other user equipment, which may also represent the device of the first exemplary aspect. In device 600 representing a network device (e.g., Figure 1 In the case of LMF 110), (multiple) communication interfaces 604 enable device 600 to communicate with other entities (e.g., with LMF 110). Figure 1 The user equipment 130 communicates with the entity. The multiple communication interfaces 604 may include, for example, wireless interfaces (e.g., cellular radio communication interfaces and / or WLAN interfaces) and / or wired interfaces (e.g., IP-based interfaces) to communicate with the entity, for example, via the Internet.

[0135] User interface 605 is optional and may include a display for displaying information to the user and / or an input device (e.g., keyboard, keypad, touchpad, mouse, etc.) for receiving information from the user.

[0136] Multiple sensors are optional and may include, for example, barometric pressure sensors and accelerometer GNSS (e.g., GPS) sensors, to name just a few non-limiting examples.

[0137] Some or all of the components of device 600 may be connected, for example, via a bus. Some or all of the components of device 600 may be combined, for example, into one or more modules.

[0138] According to one example, an apparatus (such as the user equipment described above) is provided, configured to perform an operation including: acquiring (e.g., receiving) at least one set of parameters indicating at least quantization policy information and first channel type information, wherein the at least one set of parameters is an LTE Positioning Protocol LPP information element or at least a portion of an LPP information element. By receiving this information in the LPP, the apparatus also performs any of the embodiments described herein. For example, the apparatus may process and / or apply the received information. For example, the received information (e.g., quantization policy information and first channel type information) may be applied as described herein.

[0139] The following embodiments should also be considered as disclosures:

[0140] Example 1: A method, for example, performed and / or controlled by at least one device, includes: - Obtain at least one parameter set, which indicates at least quantization strategy information and first channel type information; - Compare the first channel type information with the second channel type information; and - Based on this comparison, and if the first channel type information and the second channel type information mismatch, feedback information is provided, or Based on this comparison, and if the first channel type information matches the second channel type information, the quantization strategy information is applied to the quantization of one or more signals.

[0141] Example 2: According to the method of Embodiment 1, at least one set of parameters is an LTE positioning protocol LPP information element, or at least a portion of an LPP information element.

[0142] Example 3: According to the method of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, at least one parameter set includes: a corresponding parameter set for each transmission and reception point (TRP).

[0143] Example 4: The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments further includes: -Measure the impulse response signals of one or more channels; and - Apply quantization strategy information to one or more channel impulse response signals being measured within the deployed positioning session.

[0144] Example 5: According to any of the methods in the foregoing embodiments, at least one parameter set further indicates normalization strategy information, or the apparatus further includes: - The normalization strategy information is determined at least in part based on second channel type information and at least one of the following: one or more measured channel impulse response signals, or one or more power delay distribution signals; and - Provides information on normalization strategies.

[0145] Example 6: The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments further includes: - Use normalization strategy information to normalize one or more channel impulse response signals or one or more power delay distribution signals.

[0146] Example 7: According to the method of any of the foregoing embodiments, at least one parameter set further indicates one or more quantization cluster matrices, wherein the respective quantization cluster matrices of the one or more quantization cluster matrices aggregate one or more channel impulse response signals across one or more antenna ports (e.g., as included by or connectable to means of performing and / or controlling the method). The normalization strategy information is also used to normalize one or more quantization cluster matrices.

[0147] Example 8: The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments further includes: - Map the corresponding quantization cluster matrix of one or more quantization cluster matrices to codewords in the quantization codebook. Example 9: According to any of the methods in the foregoing embodiments, the second channel type information is estimated based on at least one of the following: downlink DL, demodulation reference signal DMRS, detection, primary synchronization signal PSS, synchronization, or measured channel characteristics.

[0148] Example 10: According to any of the methods in the foregoing embodiments, the feedback information indicates a mismatch as a result of the comparison.

[0149] Example 11: According to any of the methods in the foregoing embodiments, the quantization strategy information is associated with a specific channel type, and the first channel type information represents the specific channel type.

[0150] Example 12: A method, for example, performed and / or controlled by at least one device (e.g., different from the device of Embodiment 1), the method comprising: - Select a quantization strategy for quantization of one or more signals, wherein the quantization strategy is selected based at least in part on first channel type information; - Determine at least one set of parameters based on the selected quantization strategy, the at least one set of parameters indicating at least quantization strategy information and first channel type information; and - Provide at least one set of parameters.

[0151] Example 13: The method according to embodiment 12 further includes: - Select normalization strategy information, which indicates at least one normalization function used to normalize at least one of the following: one or more channel impulse response signals, or one or more power delay distribution signals, wherein the normalization strategy is selected based on first channel type information. And at least one of the parameter sets also indicates normalization strategy information.

[0152] Example 14: According to the method of Embodiment 12 or Embodiment 13, at least one parameter set includes a corresponding parameter set for each transmission and reception point (TRP).

[0153] Example 15: The method according to any one of embodiments 12 to 14 further includes: - Obtain feedback information; and - If the feedback information indicates a mismatch between the first channel type information of at least one parameter set and the second channel type information estimated by the user equipment, at least in part based on the feedback information, perform and / or control the selection of the quantization strategy, the determination of at least one parameter set, and at least one other example of the provision of at least one parameter set (see steps of Example 12).

[0154] Example 16: According to any one of Embodiments 12 to 15, if the feedback information indicates a match between first channel type information of at least one parameter set and second channel type information estimated by the user equipment, the method further includes: - Deploy location sessions based at least in part on at least one set of parameters.

[0155] Example 17: According to any one of embodiments 12 to 16, wherein the feedback information further indicates normalization strategy information, the method further includes: - Based on normalized policy information, determine at least one of the channel impulse response or power delay distribution for the channel used by the user equipment within the positioning session.

[0156] Example 18: The method according to any one of embodiments 12 to 17 further includes: - Based on at least one of one user equipment capabilities or user equipment desired channel types, determine one or more quantization cluster matrices, wherein the corresponding quantization cluster matrices of the one or more quantization cluster matrices aggregate one or more channel impulse response signals, and At least one of the parameter sets also indicates one or more quantization cluster matrices.

[0157] Example 19: The method according to any one of embodiments 12 to 18 further includes: - Select the quantization codebook QC based at least in part on the desired channel type represented by the first channel type information; and - Provide QC.

[0158] Example 20: According to any one of embodiments 12 to 19, at least one parameter set is an LTE positioning protocol LPP information element or at least a portion of an LPP information element.

[0159] Example 21: According to any one of Embodiments 12 to 20, the quantization strategy information is associated with a specific channel type, and the first channel type information represents the specific channel type.

[0160] Example 22: An apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least perform and / or control a method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 11.

[0161] Example 23: An apparatus comprising corresponding components for performing the method of any one of embodiments 1 to 11.

[0162] Example 24:

[0163] An apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least perform and / or control a method according to any one of embodiments 12 to 21.

[0164] Example 25: An apparatus comprising corresponding components for performing the method of any one of embodiments 12 to 21.

[0165] Example 26: A system comprising: - At least one device according to embodiment 22 or 23; and - At least one device according to embodiment 24 or 25.

[0166] Example 27: A computer program comprising instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to: - Obtain at least one parameter set, which indicates at least quantization strategy information and first channel type information; - Compare the first channel type information with the second channel type information; and - Based on this comparison, and if the first channel type information and the second channel type information mismatch, feedback information is provided, or Based on this comparison, and if the first channel type information matches the second channel type information, the quantization strategy information is applied to the quantization of one or more signals.

[0167] Example 28: The computer program according to embodiment 27 further includes instructions that, when executed by the device, cause the device to perform the method of any one of embodiments 2 to 11.

[0168] Example 29: A computer program comprising instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to: - Select a quantization strategy for quantization of one or more signals, wherein the quantization strategy is selected based at least in part on first channel type information; - Determine at least one set of parameters based on the selected quantization strategy, the at least one set of parameters indicating at least quantization strategy information and first channel type information; and - Provide at least one set of parameters.

[0169] Example 30: The computer program according to embodiment 29 further includes instructions that, when executed by the device, cause the device to perform the method of any one of embodiments 13 to 21.

[0170] Example 31: A computer program product (e.g., a computer storage medium, such as a non-transitory computer-readable medium) includes the computer program of embodiment 27 or embodiment 28.

[0171] Example 32: A computer program product (e.g., a computer storage medium, such as a non-transitory computer-readable medium) includes the computer program of embodiment 29 or embodiment 30.

[0172] In this specification, any connections presented in the described embodiments should be understood in a manner that allows the components involved to be operatively coupled. Therefore, connections can be direct or indirect, involving any number or combination of intervening elements, and there may be only a functional relationship between the components.

[0173] Furthermore, any of the methods, processes, and actions described or illustrated herein may be implemented using executable instructions in a general-purpose or special-purpose processor and stored on a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a disk, memory, etc.) for execution by such a processor. The reference to "computer-readable storage medium" should be understood to include special-purpose circuitry such as FPGAs, ASICs, signal processing devices, and other devices.

[0174] The expression “A and / or B” is considered to include any one of the following three scenarios: (i) A, (ii) B, and (iii) A and B. Having the same meaning as the expression “A and / or B”, the expression “at least one of A or B” may be used herein. Furthermore, the article “a” should not be understood as “one”, i.e., the use of the expression “element” does not exclude the presence of other elements. The term “includes” should be understood in an open sense, i.e., in that the object “including element A” may include other elements besides element A.

[0175] It will be understood that all presented embodiments are exemplary only, and any feature presented for a particular example embodiment may be used in any aspect, alone or in combination with any feature presented for the same or another particular example embodiment and / or in combination with any other feature not mentioned. In particular, the example embodiments presented in this specification should also be understood as being disclosed in all possible combinations of each other, provided that such combinations are technically reasonable and the exemplary embodiments are not substitutes for each other. It will also be understood that any feature presented for example embodiments in a particular class (method / apparatus / computer program / system) may also be used in a corresponding manner in example embodiments of any other class. It should also be understood that the presence of a feature in the presented exemplary embodiments does not necessarily mean that the feature is essential and cannot be omitted or replaced.

[0176] The statement of a feature includes at least one of the subsequently listed features, but this is not mandatory, as the feature includes all of the subsequently listed features, or at least one of the subsequently listed features. Furthermore, any combination of the listed features, or even just one of the listed features, is possible. Specific combinations of all the subsequently listed features may also be considered. Additionally, only one of the multiple listed features may be possible.

[0177] The order of all method steps given above is not mandatory, and alternative orders are also possible. However, the specific order of method steps exemplarily shown in the accompanying drawings should be considered as a possible order of method steps for the corresponding embodiments described in the respective drawings.

[0178] The subject matter has been described above by way of example embodiments. It should be noted that there are alternatives and variations that will be obvious to those skilled in the art and can be implemented without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising: A component for acquiring at least one set of parameters, the at least one set of parameters indicating at least quantization strategy information and first channel type information; A component for comparing the first channel type information with the second channel type information acquired by the device; as well as A component for providing feedback information based on the comparison, and if the first channel type information and the second channel type information mismatch, or A component for applying the quantization strategy information to the quantization of one or more signals based on the comparison and if the first channel type information matches the second channel type information.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one parameter set is an LTE positioning protocol LPP information element, or at least a portion thereof.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the at least one set of parameters comprises: The corresponding parameter set for each transmit and receive point TRP.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising: A component used to measure the impulse response signal of one or more channels; as well as A component for applying the quantization strategy information to the measured one or more channel impulse response signals within a deployed positioning session.

5. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one parameter set further indicates normalization strategy information, or the apparatus further comprises: Components for determining the normalization strategy information based at least in part on the second channel type information and at least one of the following: one or more measured channel impulse response signals, or one or more power delay distribution signals; as well as Components used to provide the normalization strategy information.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising: A component for using the normalization strategy information to normalize one or more channel impulse response signals or one or more power delay distribution signals.

7. The apparatus of claim 5 or claim 6, wherein the at least one parameter set further indicates one or more quantization cluster matrices, wherein the respective quantization cluster matrices of the one or more quantization cluster matrices aggregate one or more channel impulse response signals across one or more antenna ports, the one or more antenna ports being included in or connectable to the apparatus, and The normalization strategy information is also used to normalize the one or more quantization cluster matrices.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising: A component for mapping the corresponding quantization cluster matrix of the one or more quantization cluster matrices to codewords in a quantization codebook.

9. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second channel type information is estimated based on at least one of the following: downlink DL, demodulation reference signal DMRS, detection, primary synchronization signal PSS, synchronization, or measured channel characteristics.

10. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the feedback information indicates a mismatch as a result of the comparison.

11. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the quantization strategy information is associated with a specific channel type, and wherein the first channel type information represents the specific channel type.

12. An apparatus comprising: A component for selecting a quantization strategy for quantization of one or more signals, wherein the quantization strategy is selected at least in part based on first channel type information; A component for determining at least one set of parameters based on the selected quantization strategy, the at least one set of parameters indicating at least quantization strategy information and the first channel type information; as well as A component for providing the at least one set of parameters.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising: The component for selecting normalization strategy information indicates at least a normalization function for normalizing at least one of the following: one or more channel impulse response signals, or one or more power delay distribution signals, wherein the normalization strategy is selected based on the first channel type information. Furthermore, the at least one set of parameters also indicates the normalization strategy information.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising: Components used to obtain feedback information; as well as If the feedback information indicates a mismatch between the first channel type information of the at least one parameter set and the second channel type information as estimated by the user equipment, the device performs and / or controls the selection of the quantization strategy, the determination of the at least one parameter set, and at least one additional instance of the provision of the at least one parameter set, at least in part based on the feedback information.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein if the feedback information indicates a match between the first channel type information of the at least one parameter set and second channel type information as estimated by the user equipment, the apparatus further comprises: A component for deploying a location session based at least in part on the at least one set of parameters.

16. The apparatus of claim 14 or claim 15, wherein the feedback information further indicates normalization strategy information, wherein the apparatus further comprises: A component for determining, based on the normalized strategy information, at least one of the channel impulse response or power delay distribution for a channel used by a user equipment within a positioning session.

17. The apparatus according to any one of claims 12 to 16, further comprising: A component for determining one or more quantization cluster matrices based on at least one of one or more user equipment capabilities or user equipment desired channel types, wherein the respective quantization cluster matrices of the one or more quantization cluster matrices aggregate one or more channel impulse response signals, and The at least one parameter set further indicates one or more quantization cluster matrices.

18. The apparatus according to any one of claims 12 to 17, further comprising: A component for selecting quantization codebook QC based at least in part on the desired channel type represented by the first channel type information; as well as Provide the aforementioned QC.

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