Saline-alkali soil conditioner as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a saline-alkali soil conditioner as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of soil improvement. The saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared from the following raw material components in parts by mass: 80 to 90 parts of edible fungus residues, 10 to 20 parts of humic acid and 0.1 to 0.3 part of a microbial agent. The saline-alkali soil conditioner provided by the invention can obviously reduce the pH and total salt content of the surface layer of soil, obviously improve the content of nitrogen nutrients in the soil, optimize the distribution structure of the nitrogen nutrients and reduce the risk of nitrogen leaching loss. Meanwhile, the water and fertilizer retention capacity of soil can be improved, soil nutrients can be supplemented, the soil fertility can be improved, the harm of soil salinity to crops can be reduced, and the stress resistance and the yield of the crops can be improved. The soil conditioner for the saline-alkali land can solve the problems that at present, soil of salinized farmland in Hetao irrigation districts is prone to hardening, the soil fertility is low, the soil water and fertilizer utilization rate is low, and the crop biomass is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil improvement technology, and in particular to a soil conditioner for saline-alkali land, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Saline soils pose a serious challenge to sustainable agricultural development globally. Their high salt content leads to soil compaction, structural damage, and decreased soil aggregate stability, ultimately affecting crop root development and nutrient absorption. Traditional methods, such as water-based desalination and chemical conditioners, while effective, suffer from high costs and the risk of secondary pollution. Currently used organic soil conditioners primarily utilize desulfurized gypsum, biochar, straw, and livestock manure, offering limited improvement effects and posing risks such as long decomposition periods and the accumulation of salt (e.g., high salt content in livestock manure). Furthermore, while existing phytoremediation measures can effectively reduce soil salinity, the industrialization and marketization of salt-tolerant plants remain relatively low.

[0003] Mushroom residue is the waste substrate after edible mushroom cultivation. It is rich in mycelium, lignocellulose, and trace elements. Traditional treatment methods generally involve landfilling or incineration, which leads to waste and environmental pollution. Because mushroom residue has a low salt content and a short fermentation time, direct application to soil results in slow degradation and uneven nutrient release.

[0004] Chinese Patent (CN118420416A) discloses a microbial fertilizer and its preparation method. This microbial fertilizer can improve crop quality, enhance crop disease resistance, and increase the absorption capacity of crop roots for water and nutrients, promoting growth and increasing yield. However, it suffers from problems such as complex composition and high cost. Chinese Patent (CN114736060A) discloses a root-promoting soil conditioner and its preparation method. This root-promoting soil conditioner can rapidly improve soil physical structure, such as significantly changing soil aggregate structure and increasing soil porosity, increasing root weight and total root length, and improving yield. However, it suffers from problems such as a single improvement effect and not addressing the improvement of soil chemical structure. Chinese Patent (CN113800975A) discloses a method for preparing microbial organic fertilizer from edible mushroom residue. The microbial organic fertilizer prepared by this method has a short production cycle and has a good yield-increasing effect on corn. It also helps improve the stress resistance of corn plants and reduce the incidence of disease during growth. However, it has the disadvantage of not improving the physical and chemical structure of the soil, making it difficult to guarantee long-term effectiveness. Chinese patent (CN112410040A) discloses a saline-alkali soil conditioner and its preparation method. The method of this invention uses few types of raw materials, has a simple production process, and low production cost. The prepared saline-alkali soil conditioner is easy to apply and can effectively improve saline-alkali soil, promote the formation of aggregate structure, enhance the soil's water holding capacity and fertility, effectively improve the yield and quality of crops in saline-alkali soil, and will not cause new pollution. However, the saline-alkali soil conditioner has the disadvantage of not clearly specifying the amount required for application to light, medium and severe saline-alkali soils.

[0005] Based on the above, it is crucial to provide a soil conditioner that can improve the physical and chemical properties of saline soil, make rational and efficient use of waste substrate after edible fungi cultivation, and simultaneously improve crop growth and yield. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a soil conditioner for saline-alkali land, its preparation method, and its application. The soil conditioner can eliminate the problems of soil compaction and salt accumulation in cultivated soils, especially saline soils, which are widespread. It can significantly improve soil fertility and sustainable cultivation capacity, promote water exchange between the surface and deep soil layers, leach salt from the surface soil to the deeper layers, increase the organic matter content in the soil, improve soil structure, and achieve high yield and high quality of sunflowers.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a soil conditioner for saline-alkali land, comprising the following raw material components in parts by weight: The mixture consists of 80-90 parts edible mushroom residue, 10-20 parts humic acid, and 0.1-0.3 parts microbial inoculant. The edible fungus residue includes one or more of the following: black fungus residue, shiitake mushroom residue, and oyster mushroom residue. The microbial agent is a microbial agent with decomposition ability and the ability to create an anti-corrosion environment.

[0008] Preferably, the organic matter content of the edible fungus residue is ≥45%, the moisture content is 40~60%, and the microbial agent includes one or more of Bacillus subtilis, filamentous fungi, and Streptococcus thermophilus.

[0009] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the aforementioned saline-alkali soil conditioner, comprising the following steps: Mix edible mushroom residue, humic acid, and microbial inoculants, pile them into a heap 2-4m wide and 1-2m high, cover with a film, and compost to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.

[0010] Preferably, the edible mushroom residue is pretreated before mixing. The pretreatment method is to crush the edible mushroom residue into small pieces or fragments with a particle size of 5-10 cm and remove impurities.

[0011] Preferably, the spacing between the stacks is 0.8~1.0m; the composting time is based on obtaining loose stacks that are brown or black, odorless, and at room temperature.

[0012] Preferably, the composting process involves turning the pile. The turning method is as follows: when the temperature at 40-60cm inside the pile first rises to 55-60℃, the pile is turned once; when the temperature at 40-60cm inside the pile is maintained at 55-65℃, the pile is turned every 5-7 days; when the pile temperature is >65℃, the pile is turned and water is added until the material moisture content reaches 40%-60%; when the internal temperature of the pile is <55℃, the pile is turned every 7-12 days.

[0013] The present invention also provides the application of the aforementioned saline-alkali soil conditioner as a base fertilizer.

[0014] Preferably, the saline-alkali soil conditioner is applied as a base fertilizer to the soil surface before crop sowing, and then rotary tilled to a depth of 20-30 cm.

[0015] More preferably, the application rate of the soil conditioner is set according to the degree of salinization of the saline-alkali land; in moderately saline-alkali land, the application rate of the soil conditioner is 1700~2000 kg / 667m³. 2 It should be applied continuously for 2-4 years; in severely saline-alkali land, the application rate of the saline-alkali soil conditioner is 2500-3000 kg / 667 m³. 2 And apply continuously for 3 to 5 years.

[0016] The present invention also provides the application of the aforementioned saline-alkali soil conditioner in improving the stress resistance, yield and quality of sunflowers.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention compared to the prior art are as follows: The saline-alkali soil conditioner provided by this invention includes edible mushroom residue, which is mainly derived from agricultural waste, is low in cost, and contains abundant organic matter, minerals, and other components, making it a reusable resource. When added to soil amendment, through natural decomposition and other processes, these nutrients return to the soil, reducing the use of pesticides and fertilizers, lowering production costs, increasing farmers' economic benefits, realizing the cycle of matter and energy within the agricultural ecosystem, improving the overall efficiency of resource utilization, and thus achieving a sustainable development effect that aligns with the concept of resource recycling.

[0018] The saline-alkali soil conditioner provided by this invention can significantly reduce the surface pH and total salt content of the soil, significantly increase the content of nitrogen nutrients in the soil, optimize its distribution structure, and reduce the risk of nitrogen leaching. Simultaneously, it can improve the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, replenish soil nutrients, and enhance soil fertility, thereby helping to reduce the harm of soil salinity to crops and improve crop resistance and yield.

[0019] Experiments show that the saline-alkali soil conditioner provided by this invention can promote root growth in sunflowers and significantly increase root density, with a greater proportion of medium and coarse roots, allowing the roots to penetrate deeper into the soil. This, in turn, improves the crop's lodging resistance and the efficiency and capacity of root water absorption. Furthermore, the microorganisms and nutrients in the saline-alkali soil conditioner provided by this invention can promote the crop's absorption and utilization of nutrients, which helps enhance the crop's photosynthetic and nutrient accumulation capabilities, thereby increasing crop yield and quality.

[0020] This invention utilizes a fermentation process to degrade lignin-cellulose complexes in bacterial residue, releasing soluble organic carbon and readily available nutrients. This enhances the soil's ability to form aggregates in saline-alkali soils and achieves closed-loop utilization of agricultural waste. Compared to traditional soil conditioners, this method reduces costs by over 40% and avoids the soil compaction risks associated with chemical conditioners. Furthermore, the saline-alkali soil conditioner provided by this invention addresses the problems of soil compaction, low fertility, low water and fertilizer utilization, and low crop biomass in saline-alkali farmland in the Hetao Irrigation District. In addition, the preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner provided by this invention is simple to operate and conducive to industrial production. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 The changes in soil pH and salinity after the application of different soil amendments are shown in the images. From left to right, the images show the results of soil pH measurement and soil salinity measurement. Figure 2 To illustrate the effects of different soil amendments on sunflower growth performance, from left to right, the results show the measured yield and seed setting rate of sunflowers, and the results show the measured nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of sunflowers. Figure 3 This shows the changes in organic matter content in soils treated with different soil amendments at different crop growth stages. Figure 3 (a) represents the soil organic matter content measured at the seedling stage. Figure 3 (b) represents the soil organic matter content measured during the growing season. Figure 3 (c) represents the soil organic matter content measured at harvest time; Figure 4 The results of sunflower root measurements after applying different amendments; Figure 5 The percentage of soil aggregates of different particle sizes in the soil after applying different soil conditioners; Figure 6 The results show the mean weight diameter (MWD) of soil aggregates in the soil after applying different amendments. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0025] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0026] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0027] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0028] This invention provides a soil conditioner for saline-alkali land, comprising the following raw material components in parts by weight: The mixture consists of 80-90 parts edible mushroom residue, 10-20 parts humic acid, and 0.1-0.3 parts microbial inoculant. The edible fungus residue includes one or more of the following: black fungus residue, shiitake mushroom residue, and oyster mushroom residue. The microbial agent is a microbial agent with decomposition ability and the ability to create an anti-corrosion environment.

[0029] In this invention, the edible mushroom residue is preferably free from pollution, mold, pests, and visible impurities, non-sticky, and odorless. The organic matter content of the edible mushroom residue is preferably ≥45%, and the moisture content is preferably 40-60%, more preferably ≥50%, with a moisture content of 50%. The edible mushroom residue preferably includes black fungus residue and / or oyster mushroom residue. The microbial agent preferably includes one or more of Bacillus subtilis, filamentous fungi, and Streptococcus thermophilus, and is preferably a microbial agent with high decomposition capacity and the ability to create a rot-resistant environment. The microbial agent can promote composting fermentation. The edible mushroom residue is rich in organic matter such as cellulose and lignin, which can significantly increase the organic matter content of saline-alkali land, improve soil infertility, provide a carbon source for microbial activity, and its loose texture increases soil porosity, promotes the formation of aggregates, alleviates the common problem of compaction in saline-alkali land, enhances water and air permeability, and reduces surface salt accumulation. The humic acid can bind with soil particles, enhancing aggregate stability, reducing salt accumulation on the surface due to water evaporation, and improving water and fertilizer retention capacity. Edible mushroom residue and humic acid have a synergistic effect: the residue provides an organic carbon source, while humic acid enhances ion adsorption and conversion capabilities, balancing soil pH. The combination of the two forms a stable organic-inorganic complex, effectively inhibiting the resurgence of salinity. Furthermore, humic acid can fix nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients released from the residue, reducing loss and improving fertilizer utilization, making it particularly suitable for barren saline-alkali land.

[0030] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the aforementioned saline-alkali soil conditioner, comprising the following steps: Mix edible mushroom residue, humic acid, and microbial inoculants, pile them into a heap 2-4m wide and 1-2m high, cover with a film, and compost to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.

[0031] In this invention, the pretreatment of edible mushroom residue before mixing is preferred. The pretreatment method is preferably: crushing the edible mushroom residue into small pieces or fragments with a particle size of 5-10 cm and removing impurities; more preferably: crushing the edible mushroom residue into small pieces or fragments with a particle size of 6-8 cm and removing impurities; even more preferably: crushing the edible mushroom residue into small pieces or fragments with a particle size of 7 cm and removing impurities. The crushing method preferably includes one of impact, shearing, and compression, with shearing being more preferred. The impurities preferably include sand, gravel, and plastic. The stacking spacing is preferably 0.8-1.0 m, more preferably 0.9 m. A plastic film is preferably used for covering. The composting time is preferably based on obtaining a loose, brown or black, odorless, room-temperature stack. The composting process preferably involves turning the pile. The preferred method for turning the pile is as follows: turn the pile once when the temperature at 40-60cm depth inside the pile first rises to 55-60℃; turn the pile every 5-7 days when the temperature at 40-60cm depth inside the pile remains at 55-65℃; when the pile temperature > 65℃, turn the pile and add water until the material moisture content reaches 40%-60%; when the pile temperature < 55℃, turn the pile every 7-12 days. More preferably, turn the pile once when the temperature at 50cm depth inside the pile first rises to 58℃; turn the pile every 6 days when the temperature at 50cm depth inside the pile remains at 60℃; when the pile temperature > 65℃, turn the pile and add water until the material moisture content reaches 50%-60%; when the pile temperature < 55℃, turn the pile every 10 days.

[0032] The present invention also provides the application of the aforementioned saline-alkali soil conditioner as a base fertilizer.

[0033] Preferably, the saline-alkali soil conditioner is applied as a base fertilizer to the soil surface before crop sowing, and then rotary tilled to a depth of 20-30 cm.

[0034] More preferably, the application rate of the soil conditioner is set according to the degree of salinization of the saline-alkali land; in moderately saline-alkali land, the preferred application rate of the soil conditioner is 1700~2000 kg / 667m³. 2 It should be applied continuously for 2-4 years, with a further preferred dosage of 1800-1900 kg / 667m³. 2 And apply continuously for 2.5 to 3.5 years, with a more preferred dosage of 1850 kg / 667 m³. 2 The soil conditioner is applied continuously for 3 years; in severely saline-alkali land, the preferred application rate of the soil conditioner is 2500~3000 kg / 667m³. 2 And apply continuously for 3 to 5 years, with a further preferred dosage of 2600 to 2800 kg / 667 m³. 2And apply continuously for 3.5 to 4.5 years, with a more preferred dosage of 2700 kg / 667 m³. 2 It is applied continuously for 4 years; if the soil bulk density reaches 1.1~1.35 g / cm³ after application... 3 If the organic matter content reaches 10~20g / kg, the application of the saline-alkali soil conditioner should be stopped.

[0035] The present invention also provides the application of the aforementioned saline-alkali soil conditioner in improving the stress resistance, yield and quality of sunflowers.

[0036] Example 1 A method for preparing a soil conditioner for saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps: Select a flat composting site and use crushing machinery to crush 85 portions of edible mushroom residue (the edible mushroom residue is pollution-free, mold-free, pest-free, free of visible impurities, non-sticky, odorless, with an organic matter content ≥45% and a moisture content 50%) into small pieces or fragments with a particle size of 8cm using impact, shearing, and pressure methods. Remove impurities such as sand and plastic. Mix the pretreated edible mushroom residue with 15 portions of humic acid and 0.2 portions of microbial inoculant, pile it into a stack 3m wide and 1.5m high, with a spacing of 1.0m between stacks, and cover with plastic film. Sprinkle water onto the pile while turning it over evenly. Stop sprinkling water when the moisture content of the pile reaches 50%. Turn the pile once when the temperature at 50cm inside first rises to 55℃. When the temperature at 50cm inside the pile is maintained between 55 and 65℃, turn the pile every 6 days. When the temperature of the pile is >65℃, turn the pile in time and add water until the moisture content of the material reaches 50%. When the temperature inside the pile is <55℃, turn the pile every 10 days. When the temperature is >55℃, the composting time should be at least 15 days. Continue until you obtain a loose pile that is brown or black, odorless, and at room temperature. This is a soil conditioner for saline-alkali land.

[0037] Example 2 A method for preparing a soil conditioner for saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps: Select a flat composting site and use crushing machinery to crush 80 portions of edible mushroom residue (the edible mushroom residue is pollution-free, mold-free, pest-free, free of visible impurities, non-sticky, odorless, with an organic matter content ≥45% and a moisture content of 40%) into small pieces or fragments with a particle size of 5cm using impact, shearing, and pressure methods. Remove impurities such as sand and plastic. Mix the pretreated edible mushroom residue with 20 portions of humic acid and 0.3 portions of microbial inoculant, pile it into a stack 2m wide and 1m high, with a spacing of 0.8m between stacks, cover with plastic film, and then... Water the pile while turning it over evenly. Stop watering when the moisture content of the pile reaches 40%. Turn the pile over once when the temperature at 40cm inside first rises to 58℃. Turn the pile over every 7 days when the temperature at 40cm inside is maintained at 60-65℃. When the temperature of the pile is >65℃, turn the pile over and add water until the moisture content of the material reaches 40%. When the temperature of the pile is <55℃, turn the pile over every 12 days. When the temperature is >55℃, the composting time should be at least 15 days. Continue until a loose pile that is brown or black, odorless, and at room temperature is obtained. This is a soil conditioner for saline-alkali land.

[0038] Example 3 A method for preparing a soil conditioner for saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps: Select a flat composting site and use crushing machinery to crush 90 portions of edible mushroom residue (the edible mushroom residue should be pollution-free, mold-free, pest-free, free of visible impurities, non-sticky, odorless, with an organic matter content ≥45% and a moisture content 60%) into small pieces or fragments with a particle size of 10cm using impact, shearing, and pressure methods. Remove impurities such as sand and plastic. Mix the pretreated edible mushroom residue with 10 portions of humic acid and 0.1 portions of microbial inoculant, pile it into a stack 4m wide and 2m high, with a spacing of 1.0m between stacks, and cover with plastic film. Sprinkle water onto the pile while turning it over evenly. Stop sprinkling water when the moisture content of the pile reaches 60%. Turn the pile once when the temperature at 60cm inside the pile first rises to 60℃. When the temperature at 60cm inside the pile is maintained at 60~65℃, turn the pile every 5 days. When the temperature of the pile is >65℃, turn the pile in time and add water until the moisture content of the material reaches 60%. When the temperature inside the pile is <55℃, turn the pile every 7 days. When the temperature is >55℃, the composting time should be at least 15 days. Continue until a loose pile that is brown or black, odorless, and at room temperature is obtained. This is a soil conditioner for saline-alkali land.

[0039] Example 4 The application method of a soil conditioner for saline-alkali land is as follows: Choose a sunny, windless day and a moderately saline-alkali land location that is flat and easy for tillers and fertilizer transport vehicles to access. After flood irrigation (flood depth >30cm, allowing natural seepage) and before crop sowing, apply the saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared in Example 1 as a base fertilizer at a rate of 1700 kg / 667 m². 2 Apply the fertilizer to the topsoil layer, then till to a depth of 25cm, and continue application for 3 years. After application, if the soil bulk density reaches 1.1~1.35g / cm³, [further results can be achieved]. 3 If the organic matter content reaches 10~20g / kg, the application of the saline-alkali soil conditioner should be stopped.

[0040] Example 5 The application method of a soil conditioner for saline-alkali land is as follows: Choose a sunny, windless day and a moderately saline-alkali land location that is flat and easy for tillers and fertilizer transport vehicles to access. After flood irrigation (flood depth >30cm, allowing natural seepage) and before crop sowing, apply the saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared in Example 2 as a base fertilizer at a rate of 2000 kg / 667 m². 2 Apply the fertilizer to the topsoil layer, then till to a depth of 30cm, and continue application for 4 years. After application, if the soil bulk density reaches 1.1~1.35g / cm³, [further results can be achieved]. 3 If the organic matter content reaches 10~20g / kg, the application of the saline-alkali soil conditioner should be stopped.

[0041] Example 6 The application method of a soil conditioner for saline-alkali land is as follows: Choose a sunny, windless day and a flat, easily accessible location for tillage machines and fertilizer transport vehicles in severely saline-alkali land. After flood irrigation (flood depth >30cm, allowing natural seepage) and before crop sowing, apply the saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared in Example 1 as a base fertilizer at a rate of 2500 kg / 667 m². 2 Apply the fertilizer to the topsoil layer, then till to a depth of 25cm, and continue applying for 4 years. After application, if the soil bulk density reaches 1.1~1.35g / cm³, [further results can be achieved]. 3 If the organic matter content reaches 10~20g / kg, the application of the saline-alkali soil conditioner should be stopped.

[0042] Example 7 The application method of a soil conditioner for saline-alkali land is as follows: Choose a sunny, windless day and a flat, easily accessible location for tillage machines and fertilizer transport vehicles in severely saline-alkali land. After flood irrigation (flood depth >30cm, allowing natural seepage) and before crop sowing, apply the saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared in Example 3 as a base fertilizer at a rate of 3000 kg / 667 m². 2 Apply the fertilizer to the topsoil layer, then till to a depth of 30cm, and continue applying for 5 years. After application, if the soil bulk density reaches 1.1~1.35g / cm³, [further application is recommended].3 If the organic matter content reaches 10~20g / kg, the application of the saline-alkali soil conditioner should be stopped.

[0043] Experimental Example 1 In Lianxing Village, Wuyuan County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (saline-alkali farmland in the Hetao Irrigation Area), the pH, EC value, and organic matter content of the 0-20cm soil topsoil layer were 7.45 g·kg⁻¹. -1 6.2 g·kg -1 In saline-alkali land, sunflowers were sown after treatment according to the method in Example 4 (Edible Fungus Residue Soil Conditioner (HF)). A national standard plastic film with a width of 70cm and a thickness of not less than 0.01mm was used for sowing, and the soil was leveled and covered with the film. The planting density was set at a wide row spacing of 100cm, a narrow row spacing of 40cm, a plant spacing of 60cm, and a density of 1600 plants / acre. The mulching and drip irrigation tape laying were completed in one operation using an integrated machine. Seeds were sown manually by breaking the film and planting one seed per hole, then the holes were covered with sand. Before sowing, the soil was deep-loosened (35cm) and shallow-turned (20cm) using a rotary tiller.

[0044] After sowing, weeding should be carried out. For plots with good soil moisture, weeding should be mainly carried out during the seedling stage. For plots with poor soil moisture, weeding should be mainly carried out during the seedling stage. For plots where weeding was not carried out during the seedling stage or the weeding effect was not good, weeding can be carried out when the weeds are at the 2-4 leaf stage, depending on the weather conditions.

[0045] Simultaneously, soil was treated with black fungus residue (HR), biochar (SW), humic acid (FZ), control (CK), black fungus residue and biochar (HS), and a combination of biochar and humic acid (SF) as a substitute for the edible fungus residue soil conditioner (HF) in Example 4. Soil organic matter was determined using the potassium dichromate oxidation method. Soil pH and EC values ​​were measured with a soil-to-water ratio of 1:5 using a pH meter and conductivity meter. Yield was determined during sunflower harvest; 10 plants were continuously sampled from each plot, threshed, and naturally dried. Flower head weight, seed weight, and 100-seed weight were measured, and the yield per hectare was calculated. After sunflower harvest, the entire sunflower plant was dug up, and the root system was measured. Results are as follows: Figures 1 to 4 As shown.

[0046] The results showed that, compared with the control soil, the soil treated with the saline-alkali soil conditioner provided by this invention had a significantly lower pH and a more pronounced reduction in soil salinity, effectively controlling and improving soil salinization. Furthermore, crop yield, seed setting rate, and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency were significantly improved compared to other methods. During the seedling, growth, and harvest stages, the soil treated with the saline-alkali soil conditioner provided by this invention showed a significant increase in organic matter content compared to the control soil, which was more conducive to crop growth. The sunflowers treated with the edible fungus residue soil conditioner from Example 1 of this invention, applied according to the method in Example 4, exhibited the best root development, with a more developed taproot and denser lateral roots. The length and diameter of the taproot, as well as the number of hairy roots, were all superior to the CK group. The order of taproot proportion was: edible fungus residue soil conditioner (HF) > black fungus residue > biochar > CK.

[0047] Experimental Example 2 The experiment was conducted using the treatment group from Example 1, with three different gradients of wet-dry alternation: 2 wet-dry alternations (DRW2), 4 wet-dry alternations (DRW4), and 6 wet-dry alternations (DRW6). One wet-dry alternation cycle refers to the process of soil going through a wetting stage and a drying stage between the next wetting and the next wetting. The study investigated the effect of different amounts of soil conditioner added under wet-dry alternation conditions on soil aggregates in saline soil. Soil aggregates were determined using the wet sieving method. The undisturbed soil sample was gently separated along its natural fracture points, and visible plant debris and stones were removed before passing through an 8mm sieve. Then, 100g of soil was transferred to a set of sieves containing 2mm, 0.25mm, and 0.053mm particles, vibrated at a frequency of 100 times / min for 2 minutes with an amplitude of 3cm. Four aggregate sizes were separated: large aggregates (>2mm), small aggregates (0.25-2mm), micro-aggregates (0.053-0.25mm), and silt and clay particles (<0.053mm). The results are as follows: Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown.

[0048] The results showed that, compared with the control soil, the edible fungus residue soil conditioner (HF) significantly promoted aggregate formation and increased aggregate stability compared with other conditioner treatments.

[0049] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a soil conditioner for saline-alkali land, its preparation method, and its application. The edible fungal residue and humic acid in the soil conditioner mainly function to regulate the pH value of saline-alkali soil, increase soil organic matter content, and improve soil physical structure. Experiments show that the soil conditioner for saline-alkali land provided by the present invention can effectively improve the high yield and quality of sunflowers in the Hetao Irrigation Area, as well as water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, improve soil moisture and salinity, increase soil organic matter content, improve soil structure, and promote sustainable agricultural development.

[0050] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil conditioner for saline-alkali land, characterized in that, The raw material components include the following parts by weight: The mixture consists of 80-90 parts edible mushroom residue, 10-20 parts humic acid, and 0.1-0.3 parts microbial inoculant. The edible fungus residue includes one or more of the following: black fungus residue, shiitake mushroom residue, and oyster mushroom residue. The microbial agent is a microbial agent with decomposition ability and the ability to create an anti-corrosion environment.

2. The soil conditioner for saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic matter content of the edible fungus residue is ≥45%, and the moisture content is 40~60%. The microbial agent includes one or more of Bacillus subtilis, filamentous fungi, and Streptococcus thermophilus.

3. A method for preparing the saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Mix edible mushroom residue, humic acid, and microbial inoculants, pile them into a heap 2-4m wide and 1-2m high, cover with a film, and compost to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The edible mushroom residue is pretreated before mixing. The pretreatment method is to crush the edible mushroom residue into small pieces or fragments with a particle size of 5-10cm and remove impurities.

5. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The spacing between the stacks is 0.8~1.0m; the composting time is based on obtaining loose stacks that are brown or black, odorless, and at room temperature.

6. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The composting process involves turning the pile over. The turning method is as follows: when the temperature at 40-60cm inside the pile first rises to 55-60℃, the pile is turned over once; when the temperature at 40-60cm inside the pile is maintained at 55-65℃, the pile is turned over every 5-7 days; when the pile temperature is >65℃, the pile is turned over and water is added until the material moisture content reaches 40%-60%; when the internal temperature of the pile is <55℃, the pile is turned over every 7-12 days.

7. The application of the saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1 or 2 as a base fertilizer.

8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, Before sowing crops, apply the saline-alkali soil conditioner as a base fertilizer to the soil surface and till it to a depth of 20-30cm.

9. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that, The application rate of the soil conditioner is determined based on the degree of salinization of the saline-alkali land. In moderately saline-alkali land, the application rate of the soil conditioner is 1700~2000 kg / 667 m². 2 It should be applied continuously for 2-4 years; in severely saline-alkali land, the application rate of the saline-alkali soil conditioner is 2500-3000 kg / 667 m³. 2 And apply continuously for 3 to 5 years.

10. The application of the saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1 or 2 in improving the stress resistance, yield and quality of sunflowers.

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