A cathode avoidance system and method for a rare earth electrolysis furnace

Abstract

This invention discloses a cathode avoidance system and method for a rare earth electrolysis furnace, comprising: an electrolysis furnace device including a furnace platform with a built-in furnace cavity, and a crucible assembly at the bottom of the furnace cavity; a cathode device including a cathode body, a cathode frame, and a cathode tilting assembly, the cathode tilting assembly actuating the cathode body and planning a tilting path through the center of the furnace cavity; an anode device including multiple anode units and an anode conductive plate, the conductive plate being arranged on the furnace platform; avoidance notches being provided on the anode units and / or the conductive plate; and a suction device including a base body and a cover body, as well as a suction pipe and a cover opening and closing assembly; the cover opening and closing assembly is used to drive the cover unit to open and close; the suction device is disposed on the cathode frame and follows to the avoidance position, or the suction device operates independently of the cathode tilting assembly to allow the cathode body to move along the tilting path, the suction pipe including a movable segment connected to a cover unit, the movable segment opening and closing with the actuation of the cover opening and closing assembly.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of rare earth electrolysis equipment, and particularly relates to a rare earth electrolysis furnace cathode avoiding system and a method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the rare earth electrolysis process is the main method for producing and preparing rare earth metals. An electrolytic cell, as the main equipment of the process, directly affects the quality of the rare earth metal product, the working efficiency and the production cost. The existing electrolysis furnace usually places a molybdenum pot for collecting rare earth metals at the bottom of the furnace, and is provided with a graphite anode around the hearth. A tungsten rod is inserted into the hearth as a cathode. The hearth contains molten salt. Under the action of the inter-electrode electric field between the cathode and the anode, the molten salt generates heat as a resistor in a molten state, and at the same time maintains the temperature required for the electrolysis process.

[0003] At the same time, an air suction hood is usually arranged above the tungsten rod during the electrolysis process to serve as a dust removal and smoke exhaust device. On the one hand, it can capture and collect harmful gases and smoke dust to protect the health of the operating personnel and meet the environmental protection emission requirements. On the other hand, it also plays a role in recycling waste gas materials to realize the reuse of rare earth smoke dust and reduce resource waste.

[0004] After the electrolysis is completed, a pot clamping assembly is arranged on one side above the electrolysis furnace to take out the crucible from the electrolysis furnace. The pot clamping assembly usually adopts clamping jaws that can be relatively closed and opened. The clamping jaws can be inserted into the electrolytic cell and grab the crucible in the electrolytic cell. The opening and closing action of the clamping jaws necessarily occupies a large space in the electrolytic cell.

[0005] For the air suction device, in order to ensure the suction efficiency of smoke dust and waste gas during the electrolysis process, it is preferred to arrange the air suction device above the mouth of the electrolysis furnace. However, the setting space of the tungsten rod and the crucible clamping device also needs to be considered. Therefore, the rare earth alloy electrolysis cathode multifunctional integrated automatic control device disclosed in the prior art CN115433971B is fixedly arranged above the tungsten rod device and the crucible clamping device to avoid interference in the moving path of the tungsten rod device and the crucible clamping device. The defect is that the air suction efficiency of the air suction device is reduced due to the too long distance from the mouth of the electrolysis furnace. In order to prevent waste gas and smoke dust from overflowing, the size of the air suction hood needs to be increased to cover the electrolysis furnace, resulting in increased cost.

[0006] In addition, the prior art with the publication number CN220619143U discloses a rare earth metal electrolysis automatic operating device, which is provided with a waste gas collecting cover on the side of the furnace opening of the electrolysis furnace, the negative pressure port of the collecting cover is perpendicular to the furnace opening of the electrolysis furnace, the linear movement assembly of the waste gas collecting cover is arranged in the movement path of the tungsten rod moving device and the crucible clamping device, so that the waste gas collecting cover is relatively close to the furnace opening, although the path interference problem is solved, but the suction effect of smoke and waste gas is greatly reduced;

[0007] For the tungsten rod, the tungsten rod still occupies in the electrolysis tank during electrolysis, so it is necessary to set the tungsten rod moving device, which is arranged on one side of the electrolysis furnace, and a multi-axis moving module is arranged to realize the vertical and horizontal movement of the tungsten rod, especially in the vertical direction of the tungsten rod, the tungsten rod needs to completely leave the furnace opening of the electrolysis furnace in the vertical direction every time the crucible is clamped and placed, that is, the stroke of the vertical moving module is greater than the length of the tungsten rod, which will cause the decrease of working efficiency, and the tungsten rod moving device itself inevitably increases the overall size and increases the risk of shaking; for example, the prior art with the publication number CN118563373B discloses a cathode automatic adjusting device of a rare earth electrolysis furnace, in order to realize the adjustment of the tungsten rod, an additional walking component and a power component for providing linear action of the walking frame are arranged, so that the tungsten rod can avoid the stirring component or the pot clamping component, this kind of way improves the adjustment range and convenience of the tungsten rod, but increases the volume and weight of the overall device, and the structure is complex, which affects the assembly efficiency. SUMMARY

[0008] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a rare earth electrolysis furnace cathode avoiding system.

[0009] The above technical purpose of the present application is realized by the following technical scheme: a rare earth electrolysis furnace cathode avoiding system, comprising:

[0010] The electrolysis furnace device comprises a furnace table with a built-in furnace chamber, and the furnace chamber is provided with a crucible assembly at the bottom;

[0011] The cathode device comprises a cathode main body inserted into the furnace chamber, and a cathode frame and a cathode yawing assembly connected to the cathode main body, the cathode yawing assembly actuates the cathode main body and plans a yawing path passing through the center of the furnace chamber;

[0012] The anode device comprises a plurality of anode units arranged in the furnace chamber, and an anode conductive plate electrically connected to the anode units, the conductive plate is arranged on the furnace table; the anode units and / or the conductive plate are provided with avoiding notches, the avoiding notches define avoiding positions in the yawing path, the avoiding notches are arranged to at least partially accommodate the cathode main body, so as to release the space in the furnace chamber corresponding to the projection direction of the crucible;

[0013] The suction device comprises a base body, a cover body covering the cathode body, a suction pipe connected to the cover body, and a cover opening and closing assembly, the cover body is composed of cover body units which are relatively movable, and spaces for the ends of the cathode frame are formed between the cover body units;

[0014] The cover opening and closing assembly is used to drive the cover body units to open and close relatively, and when the cover body units are in the combined state, the cover body is formed, the cover body is connected to the suction pipe and forms a suction passage;

[0015] The suction device is arranged on the cathode frame and follows the avoidance position, or the suction device is independent of the cathode deflection assembly, so as to allow the cathode body to move along the deflection path, the suction pipe comprises a movable section connected to one cover body unit, and the movable section is opened and closed with the actuation of the cover opening and closing assembly.

[0016] Further, the cathode frame comprises a first frame body and a second frame body rotatably arranged on the first frame body, the base body is arranged on the second frame body, the cathode body is arranged on the second frame body, the cathode deflection assembly comprises a deflection actuating unit fixedly arranged on the first frame body, and a moving end of the deflection actuating unit is arranged on the second frame body, and a cathode lifting assembly is further connected to the bottom of the first frame body, and the cathode lifting assembly is arranged to adjust the vertical distance between the cathode body and the crucible assembly.

[0017] Further, the cathode lifting assembly comprises a first screw rod fixedly connected to the first frame body, an outer sleeve arranged outside the first screw rod, and a screw sleeve rotatably arranged on the outer sleeve, the screw sleeve is axially constrained to rotate on the outer sleeve, the first screw rod is threadedly matched with the screw sleeve, and the first screw rod is lifted relative to the outer sleeve through the rotation of the screw sleeve.

[0018] Further, the suction pipe further comprises an adapter section, the adapter section comprises a large-diameter part and a small-diameter part, the small-diameter part is rotatably sleeved with the large-diameter part, and the small-diameter part and the large-diameter part slide relative to each other with the lifting action of the cathode frame, and a sealing member is arranged between the small-diameter part and the large-diameter part.

[0019] Further, the deflection actuating unit is arranged to have a linear moving end or a rotating moving end, and the linear moving end is rotatably arranged on the second frame body, and the rotating moving end is fixedly connected to the second frame body.

[0020] Further, the cover opening and closing assembly comprises an opening and closing driving unit, a first swing arm having a first rotation shaft, and a second swing arm having a second rotation shaft;

[0021] One end of the first swing arm is connected to the base body via a first rotating shaft, and the other end of the first swing arm is connected to the cover unit. A damping structure is provided on the first rotating shaft.

[0022] One end of the second swing arm is connected to the actuating end of the opening and closing drive unit via the second rotating shaft, or the second rotating shaft and the opening and closing drive unit are connected by an opening and closing transmission mechanism, and the other end of the second swing arm is connected to another housing unit.

[0023] The opening and closing drive unit actuates the second swing arm to move relative to the first swing arm in the horizontal direction via the second rotating shaft.

[0024] Furthermore, the movable segment includes a central portion rotatably mounted on the base body, a cover connecting portion and an air extraction connecting portion disposed on the front and rear sides of the central portion, and the cover opening and closing assembly includes an opening and closing drive unit, which is connected to the central portion and actuates the movable segment to rotate, or is tractionally connected to the air extraction connecting portion and actuates the movable segment to rotate. The movable segment is configured to rotate upward about a horizontal axis so that at least one cover unit moves away from the cathode body and leaves the assembled state.

[0025] Furthermore, the cover opening and closing assembly also includes a pull rod, a swing frame and a mounting base disposed at one end of the pull rod, the other end of the pull rod being rotatably disposed on the base body, the swing frame being provided with a first pin and a second pin, the mounting base being rotatably connected to the swing frame via the first pin, and the mounting base being fixedly connected to the cover connecting part, the swing frame being rotatably connected to one end of the pull rod assembly via the second pin, and the swing frame being fixedly connected to another cover unit, the other cover unit following the movable segment away from the cathode body and the cover connecting part.

[0026] Furthermore, the damping structure includes an elastic element, a damping sleeve, and a locking element. The damping sleeve is fitted onto the first rotating shaft to prevent rotation. The first swing arm has a rotating hole corresponding to the first rotating shaft. One end of the first swing arm is rotatably connected to the outside of the first rotating shaft through the rotating hole. The elastic element drives the damping sleeve to press against the first swing arm and engages with it in a damping manner. The locking element is locked onto the first rotating shaft and used to adjust the elastic force of the elastic element.

[0027] The present invention also provides a method for handling the cathode avoidance system of the above-mentioned rare earth electrolysis furnace, comprising the following steps:

[0028] S1. Electrolysis Operation Stage: The cathode body is vertically set in the center of the furnace cavity, so that the casing body is in the assembled state; electrolytic raw materials are added into the furnace cavity, and electricity is turned on to form an electrolytic electric field between the anode unit and the cathode body; the suction device is started to form a suction channel through the assembled casing body and the suction pipe.

[0029] S2. Preparation for avoidance and opening of the casing: After stopping the electrolysis operation, adopt any of the following methods:

[0030] Method 1: Open by horizontal swing

[0031] The cathode yaw assembly drives the cathode body to move along a predetermined yaw path, causing the cathode body to enter the clearance gap on the anode unit and the anode conductive plate. Then, the opening and closing drive unit drives the second swing arm to rotate horizontally through the second rotating shaft, causing the normally open cover to swing open horizontally relative to the normally closed cover. The movable segment separates the air extraction channel as the cover opens.

[0032] Method 2: Open by vertical tilting

[0033] The opening and closing drive unit pulls the air extraction connection of the movable segment to rotate upward; the auxiliary cover is driven to tilt and open relative to the air extraction cover through the parallelogram linkage mechanism; then the cathode tilting assembly drives the cathode body to move along the predetermined tilting path; so that the cathode body enters the clearance gap on the anode unit and the anode conductive plate.

[0034] S3. Crucible Operation Stage: With the cover open, operate the crucible clamp to enter the furnace cavity; perform operations such as picking up, placing, or replacing crucible components.

[0035] S4. System return phase: After completing the crucible operation, the shell opening action is reversed to reassemble the shell body; the cathode oscillation assembly drives the cathode body back to the center position of the furnace cavity; the moving segment reconnects the exhaust channel.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0037] 1. This invention, by setting an avoidance notch on the anode unit, allows the cathode tilting component to move the cathode body along a predetermined tilting path and into the avoidance notch when the crucible assembly needs to be transferred and placed. This ensures that the cathode body is completely positioned in the projection direction of the crucible assembly, thereby freeing up space for the stirring component and the crucible clamping component to enter and operate. Compared to the prior art, which involves lifting, swinging, and linear movement to remove the cathode body from the electrolytic furnace, especially in the vertical direction where the cathode body needs to be completely lifted, this invention only requires a cathode tilting unit on the cathode frame. The cathode body can release vertical space by making a small tilting motion within the furnace cavity, effectively shortening the movement stroke, reducing the adjustment path and difficulty of the cathode body, simplifying the structure of the cathode moving device, improving the operational convenience and space utilization of the electrolytic furnace, and increasing the efficiency of crucible assembly handling and transfer.

[0038] 2. This invention constructs a complete cover body by assembling opposing cover units. The cover units can be dynamically split and assembled via a cover opening and closing assembly, allowing the cathode body to extend into the cover body, ensuring the suction device's effectiveness in treating the electrolysis flue gas. The cover opening and closing assembly on the base body drives at least one cover unit to move between the assembled and separated states. In the separated state, the cover body avoids interference with the cathode body, thus eliminating the need for manual operation when the cathode body is in motion, improving work efficiency. Furthermore, the other cover unit can be opened manually or by drive, providing more ample operating space when the cathode body needs replacement. 3. One cover unit of this invention has a movable segment that forms an exhaust pipe, moving synchronously with the cover unit. This ensures negative pressure between the exhaust pipe and the cover body, allowing the exhaust pipe, suction device, and cathode body to form an organic whole, improving the integration of the three components, effectively reducing their space occupation on the furnace platform, and reducing manual workload during crucible assembly handling. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electrolytic furnace and cathode device of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the electrolytic furnace of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the cathode body of the present invention in the electrolysis position;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the position of the cathode body of the present invention at the clearance notch;

[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the clearance notch formed on two adjacent conductive plates according to the present invention;

[0046] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing that the yaw actuator unit of the present invention operates linearly;

[0047] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second screw of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the rotating bearing assembly of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of the yaw actuator unit of the present invention performing a rotational action;

[0050] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the cathode lifting assembly of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 13 This is an embodiment of the present invention in which the opening and closing drive unit is arranged vertically;

[0052] Figure 14 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the opening and closing drive unit of the present invention, which is arranged vertically.

[0053] Figure 15 This is an embodiment of the present invention in which the opening and closing drive unit operates linearly;

[0054] Figure 16 for Figure 15 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0055] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the opening and closing drive unit of the present invention, which operates linearly.

[0056] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the guide wheel and auxiliary wheel of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 19 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the damping structure of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the large-diameter and small-diameter portions of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main body of the cover of the present invention, which is tilted open.

[0060] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the open state of the cover body of the present invention, which is tilted open.

[0061] Figure 23 for Figure 22 Enlarged view of point C in the middle;

[0062] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the cover opening and closing assembly of the cover body of the present invention;

[0063] In the diagram: 1. Electrolytic furnace device; 1.1. Furnace platform; 1.2. Furnace cavity; 1.3. Collection area; 1.4. Electrolysis area; 1.5. Connection area;

[0064] 2. Cathode body; 2.1. Copper busbar;

[0065] 3. Cathode frame; 3.1. First frame; 3.2. Second frame; 3.21. Second screw; 3.22. Slide groove; 3.23. Extension plate; 3.3. Third frame; 3.4. Frame body; 3.5. Rotating shaft; 3.6. Rotating bearing assembly;

[0066] 4. Cathode yaw assembly; 4.1. Yaw actuation unit; 4.11. Rotation actuation end; 4.12. Linear actuation end; 4.2. Support frame;

[0067] 5. Anode device; 5.1. Anode unit; 5.2. Anode conductive plate; 5.21. Connection part; 5.3. Clearance notch;

[0068] 6. Crucible assembly; 6.1 Large crucible; 6.2 Small crucible;

[0069] 7. Suction device; 7.1. Base body; 7.11. Support seat; 7.12. Rotating base; 7.13. Hinge shaft; 7.14. Rotating shaft;

[0070] 7.2 Main body of the enclosure; 7.21 Normally open enclosure; 7.22 Normally closed enclosure; 7.23 Evacuation enclosure; 7.24 Auxiliary enclosure;

[0071] 7.3. Evacuation pipe;

[0072] 7.31 Movable segment; 7.311 Splicing end; 7.312 Middle part; 7.313 Cover connection part; 7.314 Air extraction connection part; 7.315 Rotating connection seat;

[0073] 7.32. Adaptor segment; 7.33. Large diameter section; 7.34. Small diameter section; 7.4. Sealing component;

[0074] 7.5 First pipe section; 7.6 Second pipe section; 7.7 Suction section; 7.8 Sealing gasket;

[0075] 8. Cover opening and closing assembly; 8.1. Opening and closing drive unit; 8.11. Coupling; 8.2. Tie rod; 8.21. Sleeve; 8.22. Support rod; 8.23. Waist-shaped hole; 8.3. Swing frame; 8.31. First pin; 8.32. Second pin; 8.4. Mounting base;

[0076] 8.5 First swing arm; 8.51 First rotating shaft; 8.52 First connecting seat; 8.6 Second swing arm; 8.61 Second rotating shaft; 8.62 Second connecting seat;

[0077] 8.7 Opening and closing transmission mechanism; 8.71 Mounting platform; 8.72 Rack; 8.73 Gear; 8.74 Dust cover; 8.75 Connecting block; 8.76 Guide wheel; 8.77 Auxiliary wheel; 8.8 Bushing; 8.81 Bearing;

[0078] 9. Cathode lifting assembly; 9.1. First screw; 9.11. First limiting block; 9.12. Second limiting block; 9.2. Screw sleeve; 9.21. Internal threaded part; 9.22. First axial limiting part; 9.23. Second axial limiting part; 9.24. Rotating sleeve part; 9.3. Outer sleeve; 9.31. Rotating pressure seat; 9.32. Mating seat; 9.33. Limiting groove;

[0079] 10. Damping structure; 10.1. Elastic element; 10.2. Damping sleeve; 10.3. Locking element; 11. Crucible clamping component; Detailed Implementation

[0080] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0081] It should be understood that although the terms upper, middle, lower, top, one end, etc., appear in this document to describe various elements, these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the elements from each other for ease of understanding, and are not used to define any directional or sequential restrictions.

[0082] like Figures 1-24 As shown, a cathode avoidance system and method for a rare earth electrolysis furnace includes:

[0083] An electrolytic furnace device 1 includes an electrolytic furnace with a furnace chamber 1.2 inside. A furnace platform 1.1 is provided on the electrolytic furnace, and a crucible assembly 6 is provided at the bottom of the furnace chamber 1.2. The device also includes a crucible clamping component 11, which is located on one side of the furnace platform 1.1 or on one side of the electrolytic furnace. Preferably, the crucible clamping component 11 is located on one side of the electrolytic furnace to further free up space on the furnace platform 1.1 and avoid interference between components. During and after electrolysis, the external crucible clamping component 11 enters the furnace chamber 1.2 to pick up, place, and transfer the crucible.

[0084] The cathode device includes a cathode body 2 inserted into the furnace cavity 1.2, a cathode frame 3 connected to the cathode body 2, and a cathode tilting assembly 4. The cathode body 2 is preferably inserted into the center of the furnace cavity 1.2, and the crucible assembly 6 is located at the middle position of the bottom of the furnace cavity 1.2. Specifically, the cathode body 2 is a vertically arranged tungsten rod with a copper busbar 2.1 connected to it. The copper busbar 2.1 is located at the end of the cathode frame 3, that is, the cathode frame 3 is used to provide support and installation position for the cathode body 2. The cathode tilting assembly 4 actuates the cathode body 2 and plans a tilting path through the center of the furnace cavity 1.2. In this tilting path, it passes at least through the center of the furnace cavity 1.2, that is, the working position of the cathode body 2, and the direction of the tilting path is set away from the working position of the cathode body 2, thereby releasing the space in the center of the furnace cavity 1.2.

[0085] The anode device 5 includes a plurality of anode units 5.1 arranged in the furnace cavity 1.2, and an anode conductive plate 5.2 electrically connected to the anode units 5.1. The conductive plate is arranged on the upper surface of the furnace platform 1.1. The number of anode units 5.1 and anode conductive plates 5.2 are connected in a one-to-one correspondence, and the anode units 5.1 are arranged around the inner wall of the furnace cavity 1.2. The anode units 5.1 and / or the conductive plates are provided with clearance notches 5.3. The clearance notches 5.3 define clearance positions in the swing path. The clearance notches 5.3 are set to at least partially accommodate the cathode body 2 to release space in the furnace cavity 1.2 corresponding to the crucible projection direction and allow the crucible clamping member 11 to move in the furnace cavity 1.2, making room for vertical operation. The clearance notches 5.3 can partially accommodate the cathode body 2 or completely accommodate the cathode body 2. The outline of the clearance notches 5.3 matches the outline of the cathode body 2, and the clearance notches 5.3 preferably extend on the surface of the furnace platform 1.1 toward the crucible assembly 6.

[0086] like Figure 1 As shown, the crucible gripping component 11 refers to a gripper assembly for gripping the crucible assembly 6. It can be aligned with the center of the furnace cavity 1.2 by rotating the module, and can grip the crucible assembly 6 by gripping the module. It can also lift the crucible assembly 6 out of the furnace cavity 1.2 by lifting the module. The crucible gripping component 11 is a conventional device in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0087] It should be noted that in some cases, an annular receiving space is formed between the inner diameter of the furnace cavity 1.2 and the outer contour of the crucible assembly 6. The cathode body 2 is moved closer to the inner diameter of the furnace cavity 1.2 and placed into the receiving space by the cathode tilting assembly 4. Those skilled in the art can imagine that when the receiving space is large enough to accommodate the entire outer contour of the cathode body 2, the crucible clamping member 11 can directly enter the furnace cavity 1.2 and pick up, place and transfer the crucible assembly 6, thus eliminating the need to provide an avoidance notch 5.3 on the anode device 5.

[0088] In actual operation, if the cathode body 2 is simply tilted into the aforementioned accommodating space, there are still limitations to the movement of the crucible clamping component 11 within the furnace cavity 1.2. In addition, to ensure the electrolysis effect of rare earth, the distance between the anode unit 5.1 and the cathode body 2 is a core parameter affecting electrolysis efficiency, energy consumption, and product quality. Therefore, optimized distance control is usually set, which further constrains the space planning inside the furnace cavity 1.2. This means that it is necessary to set an avoidance gap 5.3 within the furnace cavity 1.2.

[0089] The suction device 7 includes a base body 7.1, a cover body 7.2 covering the cathode body 2, and an exhaust pipe 7.3 and a cover opening and closing assembly 8 connected to the cover body 7.2. The exhaust pipe 7.3 and the cover opening and closing assembly 8 are connected to the base body 7.1. The cover body 7.2 is composed of relatively movable cover units spliced ​​together. Preferably, there are two cover units, and the cover units are spaced apart to allow the copper busbar 2.1 at the end of the cathode frame 3 to be inserted.

[0090] Reference Figure 8 and Figure 17 ,as well as Figure 21 and Figure 22 The cover opening and closing assembly 8 is used to drive the cover unit to open and close relative to each other, so that the cover unit has a spliced ​​state and a separated state. The cover unit is preferably in a position held in the spliced ​​state and moves relative to the cathode body 2 in a rotating manner, so as to maintain the spliced ​​position when switching from the separated state to the spliced ​​state. The rotation axis 7, 14, 3.5 of the cover unit can be a horizontal axis or a vertical axis.

[0091] When the cover unit is in the assembled state, it forms the cover body 7.2. At this time, the cathode body 2 is covered under the cover body 7.2. The cover body 7.2 is connected to the exhaust pipe 7.3 and forms an exhaust channel. When the cover unit is in the separated state, at least one cover unit is relatively far away from the cathode body 2 or another cover unit, thereby making room above the furnace platform 1.1 for the operation of the crucible clamping component 11. At this time, the cathode body 2 has entered the clearance notch 5.3.

[0092] The evacuation pipe 7.3 includes a movable segment 7.31 connected to a housing unit. The movable segment 7.31 opens and closes with the swaying of the cathode body 2 or with the actuation of the housing opening and closing assembly 8. The opening and closing of the movable segment 7.31 means that the evacuation pipe 7.3 connected to the housing unit needs to adaptively separate from the front evacuation pipe 7.3 as the housing unit moves, and close with the front evacuation pipe 7.3 when the cathode body 2 returns to the working position facing the crucible assembly 6 to form an evacuation channel.

[0093] like Figure 8 and Figure 13 As shown, in some embodiments, the suction device 7 is mounted on the cathode frame 3 and follows to the avoidance position, that is, the base body 7.1 is fixedly mounted on the cathode frame 3, so that when the cathode sway assembly 4 actuates the cathode frame 3, the suction device 7 sways synchronously. Subsequently, the cover opening and closing assembly 8 operates and completes the separation of the cover body 7.2, thereby releasing the vertical operating space above the furnace cavity 1.2. Through the coordinated design of the cathode sway path and the dynamic opening and closing of the suction device 7, breakthrough improvements are achieved in terms of space occupation, operating efficiency, and sealing performance, which is especially suitable for high-frequency crucible replacement or long cathode working conditions.

[0094] like Figure 21 As shown, in some other embodiments, the suction device 7 operates independently of the cathode sway assembly 4 to allow the cathode body 2 to move along the sway path. In this embodiment, the base body 7.1 is fixedly mounted on the furnace platform 1.1 or on one side of the electrolytic furnace. The cover opening and closing assembly 8 moves the cover unit to the separated state before the cathode sway assembly 4 moves the cathode body 2 to the avoidance position.

[0095] (Electrolytic furnace and anode device 5)

[0096] As a further embodiment of the anode device 5, the anode unit 5.1 is preferably a graphite anode unit 5.1.

[0097] like Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, as another way of setting the clearance notch 5.3, the clearance notch 5.3 can be set on two adjacent graphite anode units 5.1. On this basis, the part where the anode conductive plate 5.2 connects to the graphite anode unit 5.1 is also provided with a clearance notch 5.3. The purpose of this method is to ensure the wall thickness of a single graphite anode unit 5.1 to ensure the electrolysis effect and avoid local overheating of the graphite anode unit 5.1. At the same time, the clearance notch 5.3 is formed by the concave features of two adjacent graphite anode units 5.1, which optimizes the diameter of the clearance notch 5.3 to further accommodate the cathode body 2.

[0098] The anode conductive plate 5.2 has a connection portion 5.21 extending toward the furnace cavity 1.2 to connect to the graphite anode unit 5.1, and the aforementioned clearance notch 5.3 is also provided on the connection portion 5.21 of the anode conductive plate 5.2.

[0099] As a variation of the arrangement of the clearance notch 5.3, the clearance notch 5.3 can be set on a graphite anode unit 5.1. On this basis, the portion where the anode conductive plate 5.2 is connected to the graphite anode unit 5.1 is also provided with the clearance notch 5.3, thereby simplifying the preparation process of the clearance notch 5.3.

[0100] In the above embodiments, the clearance notch 5.3 is preferably designed to accommodate the entire cathode body 2 so as to fully allow space above the crucible assembly 6. In other embodiments, the clearance notch 5.3 may also accommodate a portion of the cathode body 2 so as to allow space between the stirring member and the clamping member of the crucible assembly 6 to perform the process operation.

[0101] It should be noted that the furnace cavity 1.2 of the electrolytic furnace is arranged in a ring shape, the graphite anode unit 5.1 is arc-shaped and evenly distributed on the inner wall side of the furnace cavity 1.2, and the cathode body 2 is a cylindrical cathode body 2, which is placed in the furnace cavity 1.2 from top to bottom, and the graphite anode unit 5.1 has an axial extension in the furnace cavity 1.2, thereby surrounding the outer periphery of the cathode body 2, and the outline of the avoidance notch 5.3 matches the outline of the cathode body 2.

[0102] The graphite anode unit 5.1 can be formed by wire cutting to create the clearance notch 5.3, or it can be prefabricated by pressing with a powder mold.

[0103] like Figure 4 As shown, as a further embodiment of the furnace cavity 1.2, the furnace cavity 1.2 includes a collection area 1.3 and an electrolysis area 1.4. Both the collection area 1.3 and the electrolysis area 1.4 are arranged in annular shape, and the top of the collection area 1.3 forms an opening for the cathode body 2 to be inserted. The electrolysis area 1.4 is located above the collection area 1.3, the crucible assembly 6 is located at the center of the collection area 1.3, the graphite anode unit 5.1 is located around the electrolysis area 1.4, and the cathode body 2 is located above the crucible assembly 6 and is located at or near the center of the electrolysis area 1.4.

[0104] Preferably, the cathode body 2 is located above the center of the crucible assembly 6.

[0105] In this embodiment, by providing an expanded electrolysis region 1.4 above the collection region 1.3 of the crucible assembly 6, space is provided for the clearance opening, allowing the clearance opening to extend radially outward in the projection direction of the crucible assembly 6. This ensures that the cathode body 2 avoids the stirring member and the clamping member of the crucible assembly 6 when it is inserted into the clearance notch 5.3. At the same time, the expanded electrolysis region 1.4 further increases the electrolysis reaction area to improve electrolysis efficiency, while also taking into account the operating space released by the clearance notch 5.3.

[0106] Furthermore, the electrolysis region 1.4 has a regular inner diameter, and a connecting region 1.5 is provided between the electrolysis region 1.4 and the collection region 1.3. The connecting region 1.5 expands obliquely upward from the top of the collection region 1.3, and the projection of the clearance notch 5.3 at least partially covers the connecting region 1.5. Moreover, the inner diameter of the collection region 1.3 is larger than the outer diameter of the crucible assembly 6, so that when the cathode body 2 is placed into the clearance notch 5.3 in the clearance state, the projection of the cathode body 2 is spaced apart from the projection of the crucible assembly 6.

[0107] Further reference Figure 4 The crucible assembly 6 includes a large crucible 6.1 and a small crucible 6.2. The small crucible 6.2 serves as a metal collector, while the large crucible 6.1 is used to collect slag formed by impurities in the electrolyte. The large crucible 6.1 is located at the bottom of the collection area 1.3, and the small crucible 6.2 is positioned on the end face of the large crucible 6.1. The end face of the large crucible 6.1 is concave in an arc shape, which reduces the contact area with the small crucible 6.2. At the same time, the arc-shaped gap between the large crucible 6.1 and the small crucible 6.2 can accommodate a certain amount of impurities, improving the purity of the electrolyzed metal and greatly alleviating the adhesion phenomenon of the crucible assembly 6. In addition, it makes it easier for employees to remove impurities from the end face of the large crucible 6.1.

[0108] (Cathode frame 3)

[0109] Reference Figures 8 to 12 As shown, as a further embodiment of the cathode frame 3, the cathode frame 3 includes a first frame 3.1 and a second frame 3.2 rotatably mounted on the first frame 3.1. The first frame 3.1 is configured as a supporting part, and the second frame 3.2 is configured as a rotating part. The cathode body 2 is mounted on the second frame 3.2, and the cathode oscillation assembly 4 is disposed between the first frame 3.1 and the second frame 3.2. The cathode oscillation assembly 4 includes at least an oscillation actuation unit 4.1 for providing oscillation actuation force. The actuating end of the oscillation actuation unit 4.1 is disposed on the second frame 3.2. The upper part of the second frame 3.2 is also provided with a frame 3.4. A copper busbar 2.1 is horizontally inserted inside the frame 3.4, and the cathode body 2 is vertically connected to one end of the copper busbar 2.1 that extends out of the frame 3.4. The top of the frame 3.4 forms an installation plane, which is used for the fixed connection of the base body 7.1 of the suction device 7.

[0110] During the electrolysis process, it is necessary to adjust the distance between the bottom of the cathode body 2 and the open end of the crucible assembly 6 to avoid the distance between the cathode body 2 and the crucible assembly 6 becoming too large after the cathode body 2 is consumed, which would affect the electrolysis effect and metal collection efficiency. For this purpose, the cathode frame 3 is connected to a cathode lifting assembly 9, which is used to adjust the distance between the cathode body 2 and the crucible. The cathode lifting assembly 9 is preferably located at the bottom of the first frame 3.1 to drive the entire cathode frame 3 and the cathode body 2 to perform lifting and adjusting actions.

[0111] In some cases, it is necessary to make a linear adjustment in the horizontal direction to the center position of the opening of the cathode body 2, the crucible assembly 6, and the furnace cavity 1.2, such as... Figure 9 As shown, a third frame 3.3 is slidably mounted on the second frame 3.2. A second screw 3.21 is provided between the second frame 3.2 and the third frame 3.3, arranged radially along the cathode body 2. The copper busbar 2.1 extends linearly about the radial direction of the cathode body 2. The frame 3.4 is fixedly mounted on the third frame 3.3. One end of the second screw 3.21 is connected to the second frame 3.2, and the other end is mounted on the third frame 3.3. A sliding groove 3.22 is provided between the second frame 3.2 and the third frame 3.3, arranged along the second screw 3.21. The second screw 3.21 and the sliding groove 3.22 are arranged in the same direction, and the sliding groove 3.22 is arranged in the same direction as the copper busbar 2.1. The cathode frame 3 has multiple sliding grooves 3.22, which are evenly distributed about the rotation axis of the cathode frame 3. Preferably, the sliding grooves 3.22 are set on the third frame 3.3, and bolts corresponding to the sliding grooves 3.22 are set on the second frame 3.2. During operation, the linear position between the third frame 3.3 and the second frame 3.2 is adjusted by rotating the second screw 3.21, thereby controlling the linear position of the frame 3.4 and the cathode body 2 on it. After the adjustment is completed, the bolts on the sliding grooves 3.22 are locked to fix the second frame 3.2 and the third frame 3.3. In this way, the space occupied by the linear movement mechanism of the cathode frame 3 can be effectively reduced.

[0112] (Cathode yaw assembly 4)

[0113] As a further embodiment of the cathode yaw assembly 4, the yaw actuation unit 4.1 is configured as a linear actuation end 4.12 or a rotational actuation end 4.11, and the linear actuation end 4.12 of the yaw actuation unit 4.1 is rotatably mounted on the second frame 3.2, while the rotational actuation end 4.11 of the yaw actuation unit 4.1 is fixedly connected to the second frame 3.2.

[0114] Further reference Figures 9 to 10As shown, when the yaw actuator 4.1 is selected as a linearly actuating element, its main body is rotatably mounted on the first frame 3.1, and its linear actuating end 4.12 is rotatably mounted on the second frame 3.2; when the yaw actuator 4.1 is selected as a rotating actuating element, the lower end of its main body is fixedly mounted on the first frame 3.1, and its rotating actuating end 4.11 is fixedly connected to the second frame 3.2, thereby implementing the rotation of the cathode frame 3, thereby driving the cathode body 2 to move between the electrolysis position above the crucible and the clearance notch 5.3.

[0115] From the perspective of the power source of the yaw actuator 4.1, the yaw actuator 4.1 can be set as a pneumatic component or an electric component. When the yaw actuator 4.1 is selected as a pneumatic component, it is preferably a linear telescopic cylinder. When the yaw actuator 4.1 is selected as an electric component, it is preferably a reducer equipped with a motor, and further selected as a worm gear reducer or a worm rotary drive.

[0116] Based on the yaw actuator unit 4.1 being a linear actuating end 4.12, the main body of the yaw actuator unit 4.1 is further rotatably mounted on the first frame 3.1. A rotating shaft 3.5 and a rotating bearing assembly 3.6 are provided between the first frame 3.1 and the second frame 3.2. A support frame 4.2 is located outside the rotation axis of the first frame 3.1 and the second frame 3.2. Specifically, the support frame 4.2 is L-shaped and mounted on the first frame 3.1. A connecting lug is provided on the support frame 4.2, and the main body of the yaw actuator unit 4.1 is rotatably mounted on the connecting lug. An extension plate 3.23 is provided on the second frame 3.2 in the direction of the linear actuating end 4.12 of the yaw actuator unit 4.1, and the linear actuating end 4.12 of the yaw actuator unit 4.1 is rotatably mounted on the extension plate 3.23. Of course, the yaw actuator unit 4.1 can also be selected as an electrically powered linear actuating unit, such as a linear electric cylinder.

[0117] like Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, based on the yaw actuation unit 4.1 being the rotating action end 4.11, taking the worm gear rotary actuator as an example, it is set between the height space of the first frame 3.1 and the second frame 3.2. The bottom of the worm gear rotary actuator is fixedly connected to the first frame 3.1, and the rotating action end of the worm gear rotary actuator is fixedly connected to the second frame 3.2, thereby ensuring the stability of the operation of the cathode body 2 and the cathode frame 3.

[0118] (Cathode lifting assembly 9)

[0119] Further reference Figure 12As shown, in one embodiment of the cathode lifting assembly 9, the cathode lifting assembly 9 includes a vertically arranged outer sleeve 9.3, a first screw 9.1, and a screw sleeve 9.2 rotatably disposed on the outer sleeve 9.3. The first screw 9.1 is fixedly connected to the cathode frame 3, specifically fixed to the lower end of the first frame 3.1. The outer sleeve 9.3 and the screw sleeve 9.2 are both sleeved outside the first screw 9.1. The screw sleeve 9.2 is axially constrained to rotate on the outer sleeve 9.3. The first screw 9.1 and the screw sleeve 9.2 are threadedly engaged. The rotation of the screw sleeve 9.2 drives the first screw 9.1 to rise and fall relative to the outer sleeve 9.3 and the screw sleeve 9.2. The height position of the first frame 3.1 is achieved by rotating the screw sleeve 9.2, thereby driving the height position of the cathode frame 3 and the cathode body 2.

[0120] The sleeve 9.3 is provided with a rotating pressure seat 9.31. The lower section of the threaded sleeve 9.2 is provided with a rotating sleeve portion 9.24 extending between the sleeve 9.3 and the first screw 9.1. The upper section of the threaded sleeve 9.2 is provided with an internal thread portion 9.21 for engaging with the first screw 9.1. The middle section of the threaded sleeve 9.2 is provided with a radially protruding first axial limiting portion 9.22 and a relatively concave second axial limiting portion 9.23. The rotating pressure seat 9.31 has a mating seat 9.32 for accommodating the first axial limiting portion 9.22 and the second axial limiting portion 9.23. Thus, the axial position of the threaded sleeve 9.2 on the sleeve 9.3 is limited by the rotating pressure seat 9.31, and the threaded sleeve 9.2 is only allowed to rotate at the end of the sleeve 9.3, that is, the first axial limiting portion 9.22 and the second axial limiting portion 9.23 rotate within the mating seat 9.32.

[0121] Furthermore, a vertically extending limiting groove 9.33 is provided at the bottom of the outer sleeve 9.3, and a first limiting block 9.11 is provided at the bottom of the first screw 9.1. A second limiting block 9.12 is bolted to the first limiting block 9.11. The second limiting block 9.12 is located outside the limiting groove 9.33 and extends on both sides of the limiting groove 9.33. The second limiting block 9.12 is fastened to the first limiting block 9.11 by bolts, and the second limiting block 9.12 abuts against the outer wall surface of the outer sleeve 9.3 to further ensure the stability of the height position of the first screw 9.1. At the same time, the cooperation between the second limiting block 9.12 and the limiting groove 9.33 further constrains the lifting stroke of the first screw 9.1, thus intuitively showing the lifting distance between the first screw 9.1 and the cathode body 2.

[0122] (Cover opening and closing assembly 8 - horizontal swing)

[0123] like Figure 8 ,as well as Figures 13 to 18As shown, as a further embodiment of the cover opening and closing assembly 8, the cover opening and closing assembly 8 is specifically integrated on the frame 3.4 of the second frame 3.2, so that the cover opening and closing assembly 8 moves synchronously with the second frame 3.2. The base body 7.1 is fixedly set on the top of the frame 3.4. When it is necessary to pick up, put down and transfer the crucible assembly 6, the yaw actuation unit 4.1 is activated first, moving the cathode body 2 and the cover opening and closing assembly 8 to the avoidance position synchronously, and then the cover opening and closing assembly 8 is activated.

[0124] The number of housing units is two, and the two housing units are located near the center of the cathode body 2, forming a matching splicing surface in the longitudinal direction.

[0125] One of the housing units is located on the side near the crucible clamping member 11. Depending on the operation, this housing unit is defined as a normally open housing 7.21, and the other housing unit is positioned as a normally closed housing 7.22. The normally open housing 7.21 is used to operate when the crucible assembly 6 needs to be picked up or put down, while the normally closed housing 7.22 on the other side does not interfere with the transfer path of the crucible assembly 6, so it can be set to be manually driven. It is only manually operated when the cathode body 2 needs to be replaced, and rotates away from the cathode body 2.

[0126] Preferably, the proportion of the normally open cover 7.21 in the main body of the cover 7.2 is increased. In other words, the proportion of the main body of the cover 7.2 formed by the normally open cover 7.21 is greater than that of the normally closed cover 7.22. Thus, for the normally open cover 7.21, which has a more frequent operation frequency, the relative opening of the normally open cover 7.21 can further release the vertical operating space above the opening of the furnace cavity 1.2. The normally open cover 7.21 is set to be directly or indirectly braked by the opening and closing drive unit 8.1 to improve automation and reduce the safety risks of manual operation.

[0127] Based on this, the movable segment 7.31 of the evacuation pipe 7.3 is connected to the normally closed cover 7.22. Thus, when the normally open cover 7.21 is opened and closed according to the placement and removal of the crucible assembly 6, the movable segment 7.31 does not need to follow the movement and separate from the evacuation pipe 7.3. When it is necessary to replace the cathode body 2, the normally closed cover 7.22 can be manually opened to further release the space around the cathode body 2.

[0128] Specifically, the cover opening and closing assembly 8 includes an opening and closing drive unit 8.1, a first swing arm 8.5 having a first rotating shaft 8.51, and a second swing arm 8.6 having a second rotating shaft 8.61;

[0129] One end of the first swing arm 8.5 is connected to the base body 7.1 via the first rotating shaft 8.51, and the other end of the first swing arm 8.5 is connected to the cover unit. The first rotating shaft 8.51 is provided with a damping structure 10, and the cover unit serves as a normally closed cover 7.22.

[0130] One end of the second swing arm 8.6 is connected to the actuating end of the opening and closing drive unit 8.1 via the second rotating shaft 8.61, or the second rotating shaft 8.61 and the opening and closing drive unit 8.1 are connected by an opening and closing transmission mechanism 8.7. The other end of the second swing arm 8.6 is connected to another housing unit, which serves as a normally open housing 7.21.

[0131] The opening and closing drive unit 8.1 actuates the second swing arm 8.6 in the horizontal direction relative to the first swing arm 8.5 via the second rotating shaft 8.61.

[0132] from Figure 13 As can be seen, as one embodiment of the first swing arm 8.5 and the base body 7.1, an L-shaped first connecting seat 8.52 is provided on one side of the base body 7.1, and the first rotating shaft 8.51 is vertically arranged on the first connecting seat 8.52. At this time, the first swing arm 8.5 swings in the horizontal direction.

[0133] Further reference Figure 14 In one embodiment where the second swing arm 8.6 is connected to the base body 7.1, one end of the second swing arm 8.6 is connected to the actuating end of the opening and closing drive unit 8.1 via a second rotating shaft 8.61, and a second connecting seat 8.62 is provided on the other side of the base body 7.1. The opening and closing drive unit 8.1 is fixed on the second connecting seat 8.62, and the second rotating shaft 8.61 is vertically connected to the second connecting seat 8.62. At this time, the second swing arm 8.6 swings in the horizontal direction.

[0134] Optionally, the opening and closing drive unit 8.1 is selected as an electric motor that provides rotational torque. The output shaft of the opening and closing drive unit 8.1 is coaxial with the second rotating shaft 8.61, that is, the opening and closing drive unit 8.1 directly drives the second rotating shaft 8.61 to rotate, thereby causing the second swing arm 8.6 to rotate.

[0135] As a further optimization, the output shaft of the opening and closing drive unit 8.1 drives the rotating shaft to rotate forward or backward through the coupling 8.11. The second rotating shaft 8.61 drives the normally open cover 7.21 to rotate horizontally relative to the normally closed cover 7.22 in the opening or closing direction through the second swing arm 8.6, thereby realizing the electric opening or closing of the cover body 7.2. This saves labor costs and avoids the risk of burns from manual opening. In addition, when the normally open cover 7.21 is opened to a predetermined angle, the holding force of the motor itself can keep the cover stable and suspended in the corresponding position. At the same time, a damping structure 10 is set on the first rotating shaft 8.51 of the normally closed cover 7.22 to prevent the cover unit from accidentally closing due to its own weight due to levelness, thereby improving the safety of the cathode body 2 when it is removed.

[0136] The second connecting seat 8.62 has a bushing 8.8 fixed at the end away from the motor. Several bearings 8.81 are provided outside the rotating shaft. The rotating shaft is rotatably mounted in the bushing 8.8 through the bearings 8.81. The bushing 8.8 and the bearings 8.81 cooperate with each other to improve the concentricity of the rotating shaft's rotation center, thereby improving the rotational stability of the normally open cover 7.21, reducing the error of the cover unit during the splicing process, and preventing air leakage when the exhaust gas is extracted.

[0137] like Figures 15 to 18 As shown, in another embodiment where the second swing arm 8.6 is connected to the base body 7.1, the second rotating shaft 8.61 is connected to the opening and closing drive unit 8.1 by an opening and closing transmission mechanism 8.7. The opening and closing drive unit 8.1 is configured as a linearly acting electric cylinder or pneumatic cylinder. The base body 7.1 has a mounting platform 8.71 on the side away from the first connecting seat 8.52. The mounting platform 8.71 extends in the horizontal direction, and the opening and closing drive unit 8.1 is mounted on the mounting platform 8.71.

[0138] The opening and closing transmission mechanism 8.7 includes a rack 8.72 and a gear 8.73. The rack 8.72 is connected to the power output end of the opening and closing drive unit 8.1. The rack 8.72 is slidably mounted on the base body 7.1. The gear 8.73 is coaxially fixed on the second rotating shaft 8.61. The rack 8.72 and the gear 8.73 mesh.

[0139] The mounting platform 8.71 is covered with a dust cover 8.74. The second rotating shaft 8.61 is rotatably mounted on the mounting platform 8.71. A receiving cavity is formed between the dust cover 8.74 and the mounting platform 8.71. The rack 8.72 and the gear 8.73 are built into the receiving cavity. The dust cover 8.74 prevents dust and oil stains from falling between the rack 8.72 and the gear 8.73, which could cause the rack 8.72 and the gear 8.73 to jam during meshing.

[0140] The second rotating shaft 8.61 is arranged parallel to the height direction of the base body 7.1, and the rack 8.72 is slidably arranged horizontally along the mounting platform 8.71. The sliding direction of the rack 8.72 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the second rotating shaft 8.61, so that the horizontal driving force of the rack 8.72 is converted into the vertical axial rotational force after being transmitted by the gear 8.73, thereby driving the second rotating shaft 8.61 to rotate in the vertical axial direction. At this time, the second rotating shaft 8.61 drives the second swing arm 8.6 and the normally open cover 7.21 to perform opening and closing actions. Compared with the method of setting a vertical motor to directly drive the second rotating shaft 8.61, this embodiment reduces the vertical space occupation of the opening and closing transmission mechanism 8.7 to a certain extent.

[0141] The power output end of the opening and closing drive unit 8.1 is provided with a connecting block 8.75. The end of the rack 8.72 near the opening and closing drive unit 8.1 is oscillatingly connected to the connecting block 8.75 via a pin shaft, so that the translation direction of the rack 8.72 can be slightly modified according to the usage environment, ensuring that the meshing transmission between the rack 8.72 and the gear 8.73 is more stable.

[0142] like Figure 16 As shown, a bushing 8.8 is fixed on the mounting platform 8.71, and several bearings 8.81 are provided on the outside of the second rotating shaft 8.61. The second rotating shaft 8.61 is rotatably mounted in the bushing 8.8 through the bearings 8.81, thereby improving the smoothness of the rotation of the second rotating shaft 8.61 in the bushing 8.8.

[0143] The rack 8.72 is slidably mounted on the mounting platform 8.71 via a guide structure. The guide structure includes several guide wheels 8.76 rotatably mounted on the mounting platform 8.71. The guide wheels 8.76 are positioned opposite each other on both sides of the rack 8.72, and the outer rings of the guide wheels 8.76 roll in contact with the outer wall of the rack 8.72. The guide structure also includes an auxiliary wheel 8.77 mounted on the mounting platform 8.71. The auxiliary wheel 8.77 is rotatably mounted on the side of the rack 8.72 away from the gear 8.73, thereby providing support for the upper and lower sides and the back of the rack 8.72 to ensure the stability and reliability of the normally open cover 7.21 during operation.

[0144] In the embodiment of the second swing arm 8.6 moving horizontally, the first pivot 8.51 and the second pivot 8.61 are arranged parallel to each other along the height direction of the base body 7.1. The length extension direction of the first swing arm 8.5 and the second swing arm 8.6 is perpendicular to the axis direction of the pivot, that is, the first swing arm 8.5 and the second swing arm 8.6 rotate relative to each other on the horizontal plane. It should be noted that there is no limit to the maximum opening angle of the first swing arm 8.5 and the second swing arm 8.6. The first swing arm 8.5 and the second swing arm 8.6 can rotate in opposite directions through the first pivot 8.51 and the second pivot 8.61 on them to a posture that tends to be parallel to the copper busbar 2.1.

[0145] Furthermore, the normally open cover 7.21 is fixed on the second swing arm 8.6, and the normally closed cover 7.22 is fixed on the first swing arm 8.5, so the cover unit does not change its own posture during rotation.

[0146] (Evacuation tube 7.3 - horizontal swing)

[0147] Further reference Figure 8 As shown, in the embodiment of the second swing arm 8.6 horizontal movement described above, the air extraction direction of the air extraction channel is parallel to the axis of the rotating shaft, so that the swing arm can drive the cover to swing in the horizontal direction, so that the cover can be flipped horizontally relative to the other side of the cover to the open or closed state.

[0148] The movable segment 7.31 refers to the first pipe segment 7.5 integrally connected to the normally closed housing 7.22, and the second pipe segment 7.6 supported on the base body 7.1. The base body 7.1 is provided with a support seat 7.11 facing the second pipe segment 7.6. The support seat 7.11 is U-shaped and located at the bottom of the second pipe segment 7.6.

[0149] The first pipe section 7.5 can be integrally connected with the normally closed housing 7.22, and there is a splicing end 7.311 between the first pipe section 7.5 and the second pipe section 7.6. Preferably, the two splicing ends 7.311 are provided with sealing rings, so as to ensure the sealing between the splicing ends 7.311 when the housing units are spliced ​​together. Preferably, the splicing ends 7.311 are set at an inclination, so that when the housing units return to the spliced ​​state, the splicing ends 7.311 can withstand the horizontal force.

[0150] Further reference Figure 19 As shown, in the embodiment of the horizontal movement of the second swing arm 8.6 described above, the exhaust pipe 7.3 further includes an adapter segment 7.32. The adapter segment 7.32 includes a large-diameter portion 7.33 and a small-diameter portion 7.34 constituting the exhaust pipe 7.3. The small-diameter portion 7.34 and the large-diameter portion 7.33 are rotatably fitted together and slide together as the cathode frame 3 moves up and down. A sealing member 7.4 is provided between the small-diameter portion 7.34 and the large-diameter portion 7.33.

[0151] The large-diameter section 7.33 is connected to the upper end of the second pipe section 7.6. The suction pipe 7.3 also includes a suction section 7.7 inserted in the large-diameter section 7.33. The lower end of the suction section 7.7 is connected to the small-diameter section 7.34. Both the small-diameter section 7.34 and the large-diameter section 7.33 are pipe sections. The sealing member 7.4 is specifically set at the open end of the large-diameter section 7.33. Through the mutual interlocking of the two, the second pipe section 7.6 can rotate relative to the suction section 7.7 as the second frame 3.2 swings. A vertical gap is reserved between the small-diameter section 7.34 and the large-diameter section 7.33. This vertical gap is used to allow the small-diameter section 7.34 and the large-diameter section 7.33 to slide relative to each other when adjusting the vertical height of the cathode body 2.

[0152] Preferably, the clearance notch 5.3 is located on the side of the yaw path closer to the normally closed housing 7.22.

[0153] When the crucible assembly 6 needs to be picked up or put down, the yaw actuation unit 4.1 is activated. The second tube section 7.6 swings with the second frame 3.2 due to the U-shaped support of the support seat 7.11. The first tube section 7.5 swings with the synchronous action of the first swing arm 8.5 and the second frame 3.2. After the cathode body 2 is inserted into the clearance notch 5.3, the cover opening and closing assembly 8 drives the normally open cover 7.21 to open.

[0154] When it is necessary to replace the cathode body 2, the first swing arm 8.5 is manually opened to fully open the cover units on both sides of the cathode body 2, thereby freeing up the operating space for replacing the cathode body 2.

[0155] (Damping structure 10)

[0156] like Figure 19 As shown, the damping structure 10 provides a position holding force for the first swing arm 8.5. On one hand, the damping structure 10 keeps the first swing arm 8.5 and the normally closed cover 7.22 in the spliced ​​position to ensure the stability of the spliced ​​cover body 7.2 and prevent the first swing arm 8.5 from deflecting due to the gravity of the normally closed cover at the end. On the other hand, the damping structure 10 provides the operator with a feel for operation and prevents the first swing arm 8.5 from rotating too fast and causing safety hazards. At the same time, the resistance provided by the damping structure 10 on the first rotating shaft 8.51 can enable the first swing arm 8.5 to be suspended at any rotation angle.

[0157] Specifically, the damping structure 10 includes an elastic element 10.1, a damping sleeve 10.2, and a locking element 10.3. The damping sleeve 10.2 is fitted onto the first rotating shaft 8.51 to prevent rotation. The first swing arm 8.5 has a rotating hole corresponding to the first rotating shaft 8.51. One end of the first swing arm 8.5 is rotatably connected to the outside of the first rotating shaft 8.51 through the rotating hole. The elastic element 10.1 drives the damping sleeve 10.2 to press against the first swing arm 8.5 and engage with it in a damping manner. The locking element 10.3 is locked onto the first rotating shaft 8.51 and used to adjust the elastic force of the elastic element 10.1.

[0158] The damping sleeve 10.2 is elastically pressed against the swing arm by the elastic force of the elastic element 10.1. When the cover rotates, it drives the swing arm to rotate synchronously. When the swing arm rotates to a predetermined angle, the static friction between the damping sleeve 10.2 and the swing arm can be used to make the swing arm hover at any rotation angle. The other side of the cover is fixed with a swing arm, and the end of the swing arm away from the cover is fixed with a rotating shaft. The cover opening and closing assembly 8 drives the swing arm to rotate in the horizontal direction through the rotating shaft, so that the cover opens and closes relative to the other side of the cover. This allows the cover opening and closing assembly 8 to drive the swing arm to move the cover away from the other side of the cover in the horizontal direction to the open state. This is mainly for use scenarios where the height is limited.

[0159] In this embodiment, two damping sleeves 10.2 are provided. One damping sleeve 10.2 is located between the swing arm and the elastic element 10.1, and the other damping sleeve 10.2 is located between the swing arm and the locking element 10.3. Through the damping cooperation of multiple damping sleeves 10.2, double-sided positioning of the upper and lower ends of the swing arm is achieved, improving the positioning capability of the swing arm. In this embodiment, the elastic element 10.1 is a butterfly spring. The butterfly spring elastically abuts between the base body 7.1 and the corresponding damping sleeve 10.2. It features high load capacity and good buffering performance, while saving space, making the structure of this equipment more compact. The locking element 10.3 is a locking nut, threadedly connected to the rotating shaft. The operator can adjust the elastic compression of the disc spring by turning the locking nut in either the forward or reverse direction, thereby adjusting the elastic resistance of the disc spring against the damping sleeve 10.2, and consequently adjusting the frictional resistance between the damping sleeve 10.2 and the swing arm. The rotating shaft sidewall has a snap-fit ​​surface, and the inner wall of the damping sleeve 10.2... A locking part is provided on the corresponding snap-fit ​​surface. The snap-fit ​​surface and the locking part are locked together and anti-rotation are prevented. The locking and positioning of the snap-fit ​​surface and the locking part ensures that the damping sleeve 10.2 is fixed on the rotating shaft, effectively preventing the damping sleeve 10.2 from rotating relative to the rotating shaft. A rotating cylinder part is fixed on the corresponding rotating shaft of the swing arm. A rotating hole is opened on the rotating cylinder part. A friction fit protrusion is provided on the end of the rotating cylinder part facing the damping sleeve 10.2. The rotating cylinder part is damped by the damping sleeve 10.2 through the friction fit protrusion. In this embodiment, the damping sleeve 10.2 and the rotating cylinder part are both made of wear-resistant material, thereby improving the wear resistance of the friction parts of the equipment and extending the service life of each friction part of the equipment. Moreover, the friction contact surface between the damping sleeve 10.2 and the friction fit protrusion is set as a plane. The friction contact area of ​​the plane is larger, which is beneficial to improving the friction resistance between the rotating cylinder part and the damping sleeve 10.2. The swing arm is set as a hollow structure, which makes the overall weight of the swing arm lighter and reduces the possibility of the swing arm rotating due to its own weight.

[0160] (Cover opening and closing component 8 - vertical tilt)

[0161] like Figures 21 to 24 As shown, as another embodiment of the cover opening and closing assembly 8, the cover opening and closing assembly 8 is set to operate independently and before the cathode tilting assembly 4. That is, the cover opening and closing assembly 8 first opens the cover unit to the separated state, thereby allowing the cathode body 2 to move along the tilting path. The base body 7.1 is fixedly installed on the furnace platform 1.1 or on one side of the electrolysis furnace.

[0162] Specifically, the movable segment 7.31 includes a middle section 7.312 rotatably mounted on the base body 7.1, a cover connecting section 7.313 located on the front side of the middle section 7.312, and an exhaust connecting section 7.314 located on the rear side of the middle section 7.312. The cover opening and closing assembly 8 includes an opening and closing drive unit 8.1, which is connected to the middle section 7.312 and actuates the movable segment 7.31 to rotate, or is tractionally connected to the exhaust connecting section 7.314 and actuates the movable segment 7.31 to rotate. The movable segment 7.31 is configured to rotate upward about a horizontal axis so that at least one cover unit moves away from the cathode body 2 and leaves the assembled state. Through the above improvements, at least one cover unit close to the crucible clamping member 11 can perform an opening action, thereby allowing the crucible clamping assembly to operate within the furnace cavity 1.2.

[0163] In the above embodiment, the rotation axis 7.143.5 of the movable segment 7.31 and the housing body 7.2 is set to rotate about the horizontal axis. Therefore, the movement of the movable segment 7.31 and the housing body 7.2 both move in the vertical plane.

[0164] As one actuation method of the opening and closing drive unit 8.1, the fixed end of the opening and closing drive unit 8.1 is rotatably disposed at the bottom of the base body 7.1 and located on the side away from the cover body 7.2, and the movable end of the opening and closing drive unit 8.1 is rotatably disposed on the air extraction connection 7.314 of the movable segment 7.31. The opening and closing drive unit 8.1 is configured as a linear actuator, which can perform linear extension and retraction actions, preferably an electric pull rod 8.2 or an electric cylinder.

[0165] Specifically, a rotating base 7.12 is provided at the top of the base body 7.1, a hinge shaft 7.13 is provided on the rotating base 7.12, and a rotating connecting seat 7.315 is provided at the bottom of the middle part 7.312, and the rotating connecting seat 7.315 is rotatably mounted on the hinge shaft 7.13;

[0166] Specifically, it also includes a pull rod 8.2, a swing frame 8.3 and a mounting base 8.4 disposed at one end of the pull rod 8.2, and the other end of the pull rod 8.2 is rotatably disposed on the rotating base 7.12 of the base body 7.1 via a rotating shaft 7.143.5. The rotating shaft 7.143.5 is disposed on the base body 7.1 at the lower part corresponding to the hinge shaft 7.13. The swing frame 8.3 is provided with a first pin 8.31 and a second pin 8.32. The mounting base 8.4 is rotatably connected to the swing frame 8.3 via the first pin 8.31, and the mounting base 8.4 is fixedly connected to the cover connection part 7.313. The swing frame 8.3 is rotatably connected to one end of the pull rod 8.2 via the second pin 8.32, and the swing frame 8.3 is fixedly connected to another cover unit. The other cover unit moves away from the cathode body 2 and the cover connection part 7.313 along with the movable segment 7.31.

[0167] In this embodiment, the housing unit assembled into the housing body 7.2 is defined as the exhaust housing 7.23 and the auxiliary housing 7.24. The exhaust housing 7.23 is fixedly connected to the housing connecting part 7.313, the mounting base 8.4 is fixedly connected to the exhaust housing 7.23, and the swing frame 8.3 is fixedly connected to the auxiliary housing 7.24.

[0168] The rotating shaft 7.143.5, the hinge shaft 7.13, the first pin 8.31, the second pin 8.32, and the rotating connecting seat 7.315, the air extraction pipe 7.3, the tie rod 8.2 and the swing frame 8.3 together form a parallelogram linkage mechanism;

[0169] When crucible assembly 6 needs to be placed or removed, the opening and closing drive unit 8.1 pulls the vacuum connection 7.314, causing the movable segment 7.31 to tilt upwards around the hinge axis 7.13. At this time, the mounting seat 8.4 on the cover connection 7.313 rotates accordingly and rotates relative to the pull rod 8.2 and the swing frame 8.3, causing the auxiliary cover 7.24 to swing relative to the vacuum cover 7.23 along with the swing frame 8.3. Under the linkage of the parallelogram linkage mechanism, the pull rod 8.2 is pulled through the second pin 8.32. The swing frame 8.3 rotates along the first pin 8.31, thereby causing the auxiliary cover 7.24 to tilt relative to the first pin 8.31 as the center of rotation, thereby separating the cover body 7.2 and moving the auxiliary cover 7.24 away from the exhaust cover 7.23. At this time, the cover unit has moved upward away from the cathode body 2. Subsequently, the cathode body 2 tilts to the clearance notch 5.3 to allow the crucible clamping component 11 to move within the furnace cavity 1.2, and the space for opening the cover and releasing the component allows for the replacement operation of the cathode body 2.

[0170] like Figure 23 and Figure 24 As shown, the tie rod 8.2 includes a sleeve 8.21 and a support rod. One end of the sleeve 8.21 is connected to the end of the support rod, and the other end of the sleeve 8.21 is rotatably connected to the base body 7.1 via a rotating shaft 7.143.5. The end of the support rod away from the sleeve 8.21 is rotatably connected to the swing frame 8.3 via a second pin 8.32. A slotted hole 8.23 ​​is provided through the side wall of the sleeve 8.21, and a threaded hole is provided on the side wall of the support rod. The bolt passes through the slotted hole 8.23 ​​and the threaded hole. When the cover opening and closing assembly 8 drives the suction pipe 7.3 to tilt, the suction pipe 7.3 drives the support rod and sleeve 8.21 to lift synchronously through the swing frame 8.3. Under the linkage of the parallelogram linkage mechanism, the sleeve 8.21 and the support rod simultaneously give the swing frame 8.3 a reverse pulling force, so that the swing frame 8.3 tilts downward relative to the suction pipe 7.3 along the first pin 8.31, thereby achieving the purpose of the auxiliary cover 7.24 tilting downward relative to the suction cover 7.23.

[0171] Alternatively, the length of the support rod extending out of the sleeve 8.21 can be adjusted by adjusting the relative position of the adjusting bolt in the slotted hole 8.23.

[0172] from Figure 21 and Figure 23 As can be seen, the mounting base 8.4 and the exhaust pipe 7.3, and the rotating connecting base 7.315 and the exhaust pipe 7.3 are fixedly connected by several clamps, so as to realize the detachable connection between the exhaust pipe 7.3 and the pull rod 8.2 assembly, which facilitates subsequent cleaning or replacement of parts; the base body 7.1 is provided with a clearance groove corresponding to the pull rod 8.2 assembly.

[0173] As a further explanation of the opening and closing of the movable segment 7.31, in the spliced ​​state of the main body 7.2, the end of the suction connection section extends vertically upward, and a sealing gasket 7.8 is fixedly provided on the port of the suction connection section. The suction pipe 7.3 also includes a suction section 7.7. In the spliced ​​state, the port of the suction section 7.7 is spliced ​​with the port of the suction connection section, and a seal is formed by the sealing gasket 7.8. It should be noted that the sealing gasket 7.8 has sufficient thickness to separate from the suction section 7.7 when the movable segment 7.31 is tilted. When the suction connection section returns to the spliced ​​position, the sealing gasket 7.8 abuts against the port of the suction section 7.7 again and maintains a seal.

[0174] The present invention also provides a method for handling the cathode avoidance system and method of the above-mentioned rare earth electrolysis furnace, comprising the following steps:

[0175] S1. Electrolysis Operation Stage: The cathode body 2 is vertically positioned at the center of the furnace cavity 1.2, so that the cover body 7.2 is in a combined state; electrolytic raw materials are added into the furnace cavity 1.2, and electricity is applied to form an electrolytic electric field between the anode unit 5.1 and the cathode body 2; the suction device 7 is activated, and a suction channel is formed through the combined cover body 7.2 and the suction pipe 7.3;

[0176] S2. Preparation for avoidance and opening of the casing: After stopping the electrolysis operation, adopt any of the following methods:

[0177] Method 1: Open by horizontal swing

[0178] The cathode yaw assembly 4 drives the cathode body 2 to move along a predetermined yaw path, causing the cathode body 2 to enter the clearance notch 5.3 on the anode unit 5.1 and the anode conductive plate 5.2; then the opening and closing drive unit 8.1 drives the second swing arm 8.6 to rotate horizontally through the second rotating shaft 8.61, causing the normally open cover 7.21 to swing horizontally open relative to the normally closed cover 7.22; the movable segment 7.31 separates the air extraction channel as the cover opens;

[0179] Method 2: Open by vertical tilting

[0180] The opening and closing drive unit 8.1 pulls the air extraction connection 7.314 of the movable segment 7.31 to rotate upward; through the parallelogram linkage mechanism, the auxiliary cover 7.24 is tilted and opened relative to the air extraction cover 7.23; then the cathode tilting assembly 4 drives the cathode body 2 to move along the predetermined tilting path; so that the cathode body 2 enters the clearance notch 5.3 on the anode unit 5.1 and the anode conductive plate 5.2;

[0181] S3. Crucible Operation Stage: With the cover open, operate the crucible clamping component 11 to enter the furnace chamber 1.2; perform the picking, placing, or replacing operations on the crucible assembly 6; S4. System Return Stage: After completing the crucible operation, reverse the cover opening action of S3 to reassemble the cover body 7.2; the cathode oscillation component 4 drives the cathode body 2 back to the center position of the furnace chamber 1.2; the movable segment 7.31 reconnects the exhaust channel.

Claims

1. A cathode avoidance system for a rare earth electrolysis furnace, characterized in that, include: An electrolytic furnace device (1) includes a furnace platform (1.1) with a built-in furnace cavity (1.2), and a crucible assembly (6) is provided at the bottom of the furnace cavity (1.2); The cathode device includes a cathode body (2) inserted into the furnace cavity (1.2), a cathode frame (3) connected to the cathode body (2), and a cathode sway assembly (4), wherein the cathode sway assembly (4) actuates the cathode body (2) and plans a sway path through the center of the furnace cavity (1.2); The anode device (5) includes a plurality of anode units (5.1) arranged in the furnace cavity (1.2) and an anode conductive plate (5.2) electrically connected to the anode units (5.1), the anode conductive plate (5.2) being arranged on the furnace platform (1.1); the anode units (5.1) and / or the anode conductive plate (5.2) are provided with clearance notches (5.3), the clearance notches (5.3) defining clearance positions in the sway path, the clearance notches (5.3) being configured to at least partially accommodate the cathode body (2) to release space in the furnace cavity (1.2) corresponding to the direction of crucible projection; The suction device (7) includes a base body (7.1), a cover body (7.2) covering the cathode body (2), and an exhaust pipe (7.3) and a cover opening and closing assembly (8) connected to the cover body (7.2). The cover body (7.2) is composed of relatively movable cover units spliced ​​together, and the cover units are spaced apart to allow the end of the cathode frame (3) to be inserted. The cover opening and closing assembly (8) is used to drive the cover unit to open and close relative to each other. When the cover unit is in the assembled state, it forms the cover body (7.2). The cover body (7.2) is connected to the air extraction pipe (7.3) and forms an air extraction channel. The suction device (7) is mounted on the cathode frame (3) and follows to the avoidance position, or the suction device (7) operates independently of the cathode yaw assembly (4) to allow the cathode body (2) to move along the yaw path. The suction pipe (7.3) includes a movable segment (7.31) connected to a cover unit, which opens and closes with the actuation of the cover opening and closing assembly (8). The cathode frame (3) includes a first frame (3.1) and a second frame (3.2) rotatably mounted on the first frame (3.1). The base body (7.1) is mounted on the second frame (3.2). The cathode body (2) is mounted on the second frame (3.2). The cathode oscillation assembly (4) includes an oscillation actuation unit (4.1) fixedly mounted on the first frame (3.1). The actuating end of the oscillation actuation unit (4.1) is mounted on the second frame (3.2). The bottom of the first frame (3.1) is also connected to a cathode lifting assembly (9). The cathode lifting assembly (9) is configured to adjust the vertical distance between the cathode body (2) and the crucible assembly (6).

2. The cathode avoidance system for a rare earth electrolytic furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cathode lifting assembly (9) includes a first screw (9.1) fixedly connected to the first frame (3.1), an outer sleeve (9.3) sleeved outside the first screw (9.1), and a threaded sleeve (9.2) rotatably disposed on the outer sleeve (9.3). The threaded sleeve (9.2) is axially constrained to rotate on the outer sleeve (9.3). The first screw (9.1) is threadedly engaged with the threaded sleeve (9.2) and is raised and lowered relative to the outer sleeve (9.3) by the rotation of the threaded sleeve (9.2).

3. The cathode avoidance system for a rare earth electrolytic furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extraction pipe (7.3) also includes an adapter segment (7.32), which includes a large-diameter portion (7.33) and a small-diameter portion (7.34) constituting the extraction pipe (7.3). The small-diameter portion (7.34) and the large-diameter portion (7.33) are rotatably fitted together and slide together as the cathode frame (3) moves up and down. A sealing member (7.4) is provided between the small-diameter portion (7.34) and the large-diameter portion (7.33). The air extraction pipe (7.3) includes a movable pipe section connected to the base body (7.1), and a fixed pipe section and an adapter pipe section connected to the upper and lower ends of the movable pipe section. The fixed pipe section is connected to the cover body (7.2), the adapter pipe section is connected to the negative pressure source, and the movable segment (7.31) is disposed between the lower end of the fixed pipe section and the movable pipe section.

4. The cathode avoidance system for a rare earth electrolytic furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The yaw actuation unit (4.1) is configured as a linear actuation end (4.12) or a rotational actuation end (4.11), and the linear actuation end (4.12) is rotatably mounted on the second frame (3.2), while the rotational actuation end (4.11) is fixedly connected to the second frame (3.2).

5. The cathode avoidance system for a rare earth electrolytic furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cover opening and closing assembly (8) includes an opening and closing drive unit (8.1), a first swing arm (8.5) having a first rotating shaft (8.51), and a second swing arm (8.6) having a second rotating shaft (8.61). One end of the first swing arm (8.5) is connected to the base body (7.1) via the first rotating shaft (8.51), and the other end of the first swing arm (8.5) is connected to the cover unit. A damping structure (10) is provided on the first rotating shaft (8.51). One end of the second swing arm (8.6) is connected to the actuating end of the opening and closing drive unit (8.1) via the second rotating shaft (8.61), or the second rotating shaft (8.61) and the opening and closing drive unit (8.1) are connected by an opening and closing transmission mechanism (8.7), and the other end of the second swing arm (8.6) is connected to another housing unit; The opening and closing drive unit (8.1) actuates the second swing arm (8.6) relative to the first swing arm (8.5) in the horizontal direction via the second rotating shaft (8.61).

6. The cathode avoidance system for a rare earth electrolytic furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable segment (7.31) includes a middle part (7.312) rotatably disposed on the base body (7.1), a cover connecting part (7.313) and an air extraction connecting part (7.314) disposed on the front and rear sides of the middle part (7.312). The cover opening and closing assembly (8) includes an opening and closing drive unit (8.1). The opening and closing drive unit (8.1) is connected to the middle part (7.312) and actuates the movable segment (7.31) to rotate, or is tractionally connected to the air extraction connecting part (7.314) and actuates the movable segment (7.31) to rotate. The movable segment (7.31) is configured to rotate upward about a horizontal axis so that at least one cover unit moves away from the cathode body (2) and leaves the assembled state.

7. A cathode avoidance system for a rare earth electrolytic furnace according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cover opening and closing assembly (8) also includes a pull rod (8.2), a swing frame (8.3) and a mounting base (8.4) disposed at one end of the pull rod (8.2). The other end of the pull rod (8.2) is rotatably disposed on the base body (7.1). The swing frame (8.3) is provided with a first pin (8.31) and a second pin (8.32). The mounting base (8.4) is rotatably connected to the swing frame (8.3) through the first pin (8.31), and the mounting base (8.4) is fixedly connected to the cover connecting part (7.313). The swing frame (8.3) is rotatably connected to one end of the pull rod (8.2) assembly through the second pin (8.32), and the swing frame (8.3) is fixedly connected to another cover unit. The other cover unit moves away from the cathode body (2) and the cover connecting part (7.313) following the movable segment (7.31).

8. The cathode avoidance system for a rare earth electrolytic furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that: The damping structure (10) includes an elastic element (10.1), a damping sleeve (10.2), and a locking element (10.3). The damping sleeve (10.2) is anti-rotationally sleeved on the first rotating shaft (8.51). The first swing arm (8.5) has a rotation hole corresponding to the first rotating shaft (8.51). One end of the first swing arm (8.5) is rotatably connected to the outside of the first rotating shaft (8.51) through the rotation hole. The elastic element (10.1) drives the damping sleeve (10.2) to press against the first swing arm (8.5) and engage with it in damping. The locking element (10.3) is locked on the first rotating shaft (8.51) and used to adjust the elastic force of the elastic element (10.1).

9. A method for handling and placing objects in the cathode avoidance system of the rare earth electrolytic furnace as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Electrolysis operation stage: The cathode body (2) is vertically set in the center of the furnace cavity (1.2), so that the cover body (7.2) is in the assembled state; electrolytic raw materials are added into the furnace cavity (1.2), and electricity is turned on to form an electrolytic electric field between the anode unit (5.1) and the cathode body (2); the suction device (7) is started to form a suction channel through the assembled cover body (7.2) and the suction pipe (7.3); S2. Preparation for avoidance and opening of the casing: After stopping the electrolysis operation, open the casing horizontally by swinging it open as follows: Based on the operation, the housing unit is defined as a normally open housing (7.21), and the other housing unit is positioned as a normally closed housing (7.22). The cathode yaw assembly (4) drives the cathode body (2) to move along a predetermined yaw path, causing the cathode body (2) to enter the clearance notch (5.3) on the anode unit (5.1) and the anode conductive plate (5.2). Subsequently, the opening and closing drive unit (8.1) drives the second swing arm (8.6) to rotate horizontally through the second rotating shaft (8.61), causing the normally open housing (7.21) to swing open horizontally relative to the normally closed housing (7.22). The movable segment (7.31) separates the air extraction channel as the housing opens. S3. Crucible operation stage: With the cover open, operate the crucible clamping component (11) to enter the furnace cavity (1.2); perform the picking, placing or replacing operations on the crucible assembly (6); S4. System return phase: After completing the crucible operation, the shell opening action of S2 is executed in reverse so that the shell body (7.2) is reassembled; the cathode oscillation assembly (4) drives the cathode body (2) back to the center position of the furnace cavity (1.2); the active segment (7.31) reconnects the exhaust channel.

Images