A nanofiber nonwoven material, and methods of making and using the same

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of nanofiber nonwoven material and its preparation method and application, belong to nanofiber nonwoven material technical field.The preparation method of nanofiber nonwoven material includes the following steps: after polymer A and polymer B are mixed, melt, obtain first melt;Polymer B and polymer C are mixed after melting, obtain second melt;After first melt and second melt are conjugated spinning, cooling, drafting, webbing, consolidation are carried out in turn, finally using the amount of open agent for the amount of open, obtain nanofiber nonwoven material;Wherein, the viscosity of polymer B is lower than polymer A and polymer C;Polymer B is removed by the amount of open agent;The polymer A and polymer C are all resistant to the amount of open agent polymer.The scale of nanofiber can be controlled and adjusted by shear field reconstruction, online synergistic effect of conjugated spinning and blending spinning.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of non-woven materials, in particular to a nanofiber non-woven material and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of non-woven materials, nanofibers are widely used in filtration, biomedical, energy storage and other fields due to their high specific surface area, excellent filtration performance and flexibility. In recent years, the technology for preparing nanofiber non-woven materials has gradually attracted attention. The reconstruction of the melt shear field and the one-step method aim to directly prepare new nanofiber non-woven materials with narrow diameter distribution or different morphologies through a simplified process, thereby reducing production costs and improving the performance of non-woven materials. However, existing one-step method technologies still face many challenges, such as difficulty in controlling fiber morphology and limited material functionality. Therefore, developing an efficient and controllable one-step method for preparing nanofiber non-woven materials has become a technical problem to be solved in this field. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a nanofiber non-woven material and a preparation method and application thereof to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following solutions:

[0005] One of the technical solutions of the present application: a preparation method of a nanofiber non-woven material, comprising the following steps:

[0006] mixing and melting polymer A and polymer B to obtain a first melt;

[0007] mixing and melting polymer B and polymer C to obtain a second melt;

[0008] co-spinning the first melt and the second melt, then sequentially performing cooling, drawing, webbing and consolidation, and finally using a mass reduction opening agent for mass reduction opening to obtain the nanofiber non-woven material;

[0009] the viscosity of polymer B is lower than that of polymer A and polymer C;

[0010] polymer B is removed by a mass reduction opening agent; polymer A and polymer C are both mass reduction opening agent-resistant polymers.

[0011] Preferably, in the first melt, the mass percentage of polymer B and polymer A is (10-90%):(90-10%);

[0012] In the second melt, the mass percentage of polymer B and polymer C is (10-90%):(90-10%).

[0013] Preferably, the mass percentage of the first melt and the second melt is (10-90%):(90-10%).

[0014] Preferably, the polymer A comprises one of polyethylene terephthalate and modified polymers thereof, polytrimethylene terephthalate and modified polymers thereof, polyamide and modified polymers thereof, polypropylene and modified polymers thereof, polybutylene terephthalate and modified polymers thereof.

[0015] The polymer B comprises one of polyethylene and modified polymers thereof, alkali-soluble polyester and modified polymers thereof, thermoplastic polyvinyl alcohol and modified polymers thereof, polystyrene and modified polymers thereof, cellulose acetate propionate and modified polymers thereof, cellulose acetate butyrate and modified polymers thereof.

[0016] The polymer C comprises one of polyethylene terephthalate and modified polymers thereof, polytrimethylene terephthalate and modified polymers thereof, polyamide and modified polymers thereof, polyphenylene sulfide and modified polymers thereof, polystyrene and modified polymers thereof.

[0017] Preferably, the spinning assembly used in the conjugate spinning is one of an orange segment type spinning assembly, a fixed island type spinning assembly, a sheath-core type spinning assembly and a side-by-side type spinning assembly.

[0018] Preferably, the number of orange segments of the orange segment type spinning assembly is 4-128 segments.

[0019] The number of fixed islands of the fixed island type spinning assembly is 16-1000 islands.

[0020] Preferably, the amount of the opening agent comprises water, an organic solvent, an alkaline aqueous solution or an acidic aqueous solution.

[0021] More preferably, the amount of the opening agent comprises water, toluene, benzene or an aqueous NaOH solution.

[0022] Preferably, the viscosity difference between the polymer A and the polymer B is 1-1000 Pa·s.

[0023] The viscosity difference between the polymer C and the polymer B is 1-1000 Pa·s.

[0024] The consolidation method comprises needle punching, water jetting, thermal bonding or ultrasonic bonding.

[0025] The present application adopts a two-component spun-bonding device, reconstructs a polymer melt shear field through melt blending technology, controls the viscosity difference between polymer B and polymer A and polymer C and the complex ratio, so that a new type of indefinite island sea island fiber with uniform diameter distribution or different morphology is obtained, and through drawing, webbing, consolidation and weight reduction, a new type of nanofiber non-woven material is obtained, and the method of the present application is controllable in size and can control the structure of the island component.

[0026] The diameter of the fiber before weight reduction is 10-50 μm, the polymer B in the fiber is not resistant to the weight reduction agent, and the polymer A and the polymer C are high polymers that can be melt spun and resistant to the weight reduction agent, so that the polymer A and the polymer C are retained and the polymer B is completely removed during the weight reduction process, thereby forming a multi-scale nanofiber non-woven material with alternating thickness and different lengths, and the diameter of one component in the prepared non-woven material is 50-800 nm, and the diameter of the other component is 100-1000 nm.

[0027] The second technical scheme of the present application is a nanofiber non-woven material prepared by the above preparation method.

[0028] The third technical scheme of the present application is the application of the above nanofiber non-woven material in the preparation of synthetic leather, gas-liquid filtration, energy storage or medical material.

[0029] The present application discloses the following technical effects:

[0030] (1) The present application realizes the synchronous forming (single-step forming) of nanometer two-component fibers through the online synergistic effect of conjugate spinning (mixing of the first melt and the second melt) and blending spinning (melt spinning of polymer A and polymer B, and melt spinning of polymer B and polymer C), solves the problems of long process, insufficient interface stability, uneven fiber mixing and easy delamination existing in the conventional offline compounding process.

[0031] (2) The nanofiber non-woven material of the present application has the advantages of softness, air permeability and moisture permeability.

[0032] (3) The method of the present application can prepare a non-woven material with uniform distribution of nanofibers (the diameter of a single nanofiber is 50-800 nm), which significantly improves the problem of uneven distribution after the conventional indefinite island fiber is opened. The method of the present application can also prepare a multi-scale nanofiber non-woven material with different scale nanofibers coexisting (the diameter of a single fiber of one component is 50-800 nm, and the diameter of a single fiber of the other component is 100-1000 nm), which can be used for developing synthetic leather, filter material, wiping material, protective products, bedding, face mask and the like. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to make the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art clearer, the accompanying drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description only need to be some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 Preparation flowchart of the nanofiber nonwoven material of the embodiment;

[0035] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the spinning device used in the embodiment, wherein 1 is a first feeding hopper, 2 is a first screw extruder, 3 is a first metering pump, 4 is a composite spinning assembly, 5 is a blowing device, 6 is a draw frame, 7 is a webbing curtain, 8 is a negative pressure suction device, 9 is a water jet fixing device, 10 is a weight reduction device, 11 is a washing device, 12 is a drying device, 13 is a winding device, 14 is a second feeding hopper, 15 is a second screw extruder, and 16 is a second metering pump;

[0036] Figure 3 SEM diagram of the cross section of the nascent fiber prepared in step (4) of the embodiment 1;

[0037] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cross section structure of the nascent fiber prepared in step (4) of the embodiment 1;

[0038] Figure 5 SEM diagram of the multi-scale nanofiber nonwoven material prepared in step (5) of the embodiment 1;

[0039] Figure 6 Fiber diameter distribution diagram of the multi-scale nanofiber nonwoven material prepared in step (5) of the embodiment 1;

[0040] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the cross section structure of the nascent fiber prepared in step (4) of the embodiment 4;

[0041] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the cross section structure of the composite fiber prepared in step (4) of the comparative example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The various exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the present application, but should be understood as a more detailed description of some aspects, characteristics and embodiments of the present application.

[0043] It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present application. Additionally, for a range of values of, for example, concentrations, amounts, and so forth, is to be understood as specifically encompassing every value falling within the range. Additionally, particular values within a stated range, or those not expressly identified, are to be understood as being included in the present application. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can independently be included or excluded in the stated ranges, either in addition or substitution, as well as deleted therefrom.

[0044] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present application, the preferred methods and materials are described. All patents, patent applications, and publications mentioned herein are incorporated by reference for the disclosure and description thereof to the extent that such incorporation is permitted under copyright laws.

[0045] Many modifications and variations of the present application described in the specification are possible without departing from the scope or spirit of the application. Other embodiments of the application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the application disclosed herein. The specification and examples given are exemplary only.

[0046] It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present application. Additionally, for a range of values of, for example, concentrations, amounts, and so forth, is to be understood as specifically encompassing every value falling within the range. Additionally, particular values within a stated range, or those not expressly identified, are to be understood as being included in the present application. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can independently be included or excluded in the stated ranges, either in addition or substitution, as well as deleted therefrom.

[0047] It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present application. Additionally, for a range of values of, for example, concentrations, amounts, and so forth, is to be understood as specifically encompassing every value falling within the range. Additionally, particular values within a stated range, or those not expressly identified, are to be understood as being included in the present application. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can independently be included or excluded in the stated ranges, either in addition or substitution, as well as deleted therefrom.

[0048] In a first aspect of the present application, a method for preparing a nanofiber nonwoven material is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0049] (1) mixing and melting polymer B with polymer A to obtain a first melt;

[0050] (2) mixing and melting polymer B with polymer C to obtain a second melt;

[0051] (3) using a double-screw composite spinning device, the first melt and the second melt are converged at a spinneret through a spinning assembly (orange segment type spinning assembly, fixed island type spinning assembly, sheath-core type spinning assembly or side-by-side type spinning assembly), and are extruded into a filament bundle together, and then are cooled, drawn and webbed in sequence to obtain a matrix-fibril type composite filament fiber web;

[0052] (4) After the matrix-fibril type composite filament fiber web is consolidated, a mass-reducing fibrillating agent is used to reduce the mass, and then the web is washed and wound to obtain a nanofiber nonwoven material;

[0053] The viscosity of the polymer B is lower than that of the polymer A and the polymer C. By controlling the viscosity and the composite ratio, the polymer B can be the "sea" phase and the polymer A and the polymer C can be the "island" phase, so as to obtain the indefinite island-sea fiber.

[0054] The mass-reducing fibrillation is to remove the polymer B by using a mass-reducing fibrillating agent; the polymer A and the polymer C are both mass-reducing fibrillating agent-resistant polymers. The mass-reducing fibrillating agent can completely dissolve the polymer B, leaving the nanofibers of the polymer A and the polymer C.

[0055] Preferably, in the first melt, the mass percentage of the polymer B and the polymer A is (10-90%):(90-10%);

[0056] In the second melt, the mass percentage of the polymer B and the polymer C is (10-90%):(90-10%);

[0057] The mass percentage of the first melt and the second melt is (10-90%):(90-10%).

[0058] Preferably, the polymer A includes one of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and modified polymers thereof, polytrimethylene terephthalate and modified polymers thereof, polyamide and modified polymers thereof, polypropylene (PP) and modified polymers thereof, and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and modified polymers thereof, more preferably one of polyethylene terephthalate and modified polymers thereof and polyamide and modified polymers thereof;

[0059] The polymer B includes one of polyethylene and modified polymers thereof, alkali-soluble polyester and modified polymers thereof, thermoplastic polyvinyl alcohol and modified polymers thereof, polystyrene (PS) and modified polymers thereof, cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) and modified polymers thereof, and cellulose acetate butyrate and modified polymers thereof, more preferably one of polyethylene and modified polymers thereof and alkali-soluble polyester and modified polymers thereof;

[0060] The polymer C includes one of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and modified polymers thereof, polytrimethylene terephthalate and modified polymers thereof, polyamide and modified polymers thereof, polyphenylene sulfide and modified polymers thereof, and polystyrene (PS) and modified polymers thereof, more preferably one of polyethylene terephthalate and modified polymers thereof, polytrimethylene terephthalate and modified polymers thereof, and polyamide and modified polymers thereof.

[0061] Preferably, the number of petals of the petal spinning assembly is 4-128, more preferably 16 or 32; the number of islands of the island spinning assembly is 16-1000, more preferably 16-37.

[0062] Preferably, the reducing agent includes water, an organic solvent, an alkaline aqueous solution or an acidic aqueous solution.

[0063] Preferably, the reducing agent includes water, toluene, benzene or an aqueous NaOH solution, more preferably water or toluene.

[0064] Preferably, the reducing time is 10-90 min, more preferably 60-90 min; the reducing temperature is 40-100℃, more preferably 80-100℃.

[0065] Preferably, the viscosity difference between polymer A and polymer B is 1-1000 Pa·s.

[0066] The viscosity difference between polymer C and polymer B is 1-1000 Pa·s.

[0067] Preferably, the cooling is performed by using cooling air, the cooling air is side blowing air, the air speed is 0.5-3.0 m / s, the temperature is 15-30℃, and the humidity is 40-80%.

[0068] Preferably, the first melt and the second melt are combined into a composite fiber at a spinneret (the number of holes of the spinneret is 1000-2000 holes / meter) by using a metering pump, and the fiber is drawn after the combination; the drawing equipment is preferably a tubular drawing device, the drawing speed is 2000-6000 m / s; the drawing is performed under cooling air.

[0069] Preferably, the drawing is air drawing, and the air drawing can make the polymer directly form a web to obtain a matrix-fibril type composite filament fiber web.

[0070] Preferably, the matrix-fibril type composite filament fiber web has a grammage of 60-1000 g / m 2 .

[0071] Preferably, the consolidation method includes needle punching, water jetting, thermal bonding or ultrasonic bonding, and is preferably needle punching or water jetting.

[0072] Preferably, the washing agent used for washing is water, in order to remove residual reducing agent; the washing temperature is 80-100℃, more preferably 90-100℃.

[0073] The application adopts three polymer raw materials, and a new type of non-woven material containing one or two fibers with different diameter distributions (a new type of non-woven material with a single fiber diameter of 50-800 nm; a new type of non-woven material with two different diameter distributions of fibers with a single fiber diameter of 50-800 nm and 100-1000 nm) is prepared through adjusting the composite ratio, the viscosity difference between polymer A and polymer B, the viscosity difference between polymer B and polymer C, and through the steps of melt spinning, webbing, solidification, and weight reduction and fiber opening, thereby simplifying the preparation process of the nanofiber non-woven material and improving the softness, moisture permeability and air permeability of the non-woven material.

[0074] In the second aspect of the application, a nanofiber non-woven material prepared by the above preparation method is provided.

[0075] In the third aspect of the application, the application of the above nanofiber non-woven material in the preparation of synthetic leather, gas-liquid filtration, energy storage or medical material is provided.

[0076] In the specific embodiment of the application, there is no special requirement for the melting temperature, which is set according to the types of the selected polymer A, polymer B and polymer C.

[0077] In the specific embodiment of the application, the polymer A, polymer B and polymer C are selectively subjected to drying treatment; the drying treatment method is dry tower drying, 0.3m 3 / h of air with a dew point of -60℃ is introduced into the bottom of the drying tower for protection, so that the water content of the polymer A, polymer B and polymer C is controlled to be below 100ppm.

[0078] Example 1

[0079] A preparation method of a multi-scale nanofiber non-woven material:

[0080] (1) Dry treatment is performed on the polyamide 6 (PA6, weight average molecular weight of 20000g / mol), the dry treatment method is dry tower drying, 0.3m 3 / h of air with a dew point of -60℃ is introduced into the bottom of the drying tower for protection, so that the water content of the polyamide 6 (PA6) is controlled to be below 100ppm, and dry polyamide 6 (PA6) is obtained.

[0081] (2) Polyethylene (PE, no need for drying, weight average molecular weight of 60000g / mol; viscosity of 40 Pa·s at a temperature of 270℃ and a shear rate of 3000s -1 -1 ​Polyethylene (PE, viscosity 40 Pa-s) and polyamide 6 (PA6, viscosity 65 Pa-s) are added into the first feeding hopper 1 in a mass ratio of 4:6, melted by the first screw extruder 2, and a first melt is formed.

[0082] (3) Polyethylene (PE, viscosity 40 Pa-s) and polyamide 6 (PA6, viscosity 65 Pa-s) are added into the second feeding hopper 14 in a mass ratio of 4:6, melted by the second screw extruder 15, and a second melt is formed.

[0083] (4) The mass of the first melt and the second melt is controlled by the first metering pump 3 and the second metering pump 16, and the first melt and the second melt are combined at the spinneret (the number of holes of the spinneret is 1200 holes / m) of the composite spinning assembly 4 (a fixed island type spinning assembly, 19 islands) in a mass ratio of 5:5, and a filament bundle is extruded, and a primary filament is obtained. The primary filament is cooled by the blowing device 5, stretched by the stretcher 6, and then falls onto the webbing curtain 7, and a matrix-fibril type composite filament web is formed under the action of the negative pressure suction device 8, and the basis weight is 400 g / m 2 .

[0084] The blowing device 5 is used to generate cooling air (i.e., to generate a cooling blowing effect), the cooling air is side blowing, the wind speed is 1.2 m / s, the temperature is 16℃, and the humidity is 65%.

[0085] The stretching is tubular stretching, and the speed of the stretching is 4500 m / s; the stretching is performed under the cooling air.

[0086] (5) After the matrix-fibril type composite filament web is water-jet fixed by the water-jet fixing device 9, the web enters the weight reduction device 10, and toluene is used for weight reduction and fiber opening (dissolving low-density polyethylene), and finally the web is washed by the washing device 11, dried by the drying device 12, and wound by the winding device 13, and a matrix-fibril type composite filament web with a basis weight of 200 g / m 2 multi-scale nanofiber nonwoven material is obtained.

[0087] The washing agent used for washing is water, and the washing temperature is 100℃.

[0088] The time for weight reduction and fiber opening is 90 min, and the temperature is 90℃.

[0089] In the multi-scale nanofiber nonwoven material prepared in this embodiment, one component fiber has a diameter of 210-420 nm, and another component fiber has a diameter of 600-1000 nm.

[0090] The preparation flowchart of the multi-scale nanofiber nonwoven material is shown in Figure 1 , and the schematic diagram of the spinning device used is shown in Figure 2 .

[0091] The cross-sectional SEM image of the primary filament prepared in step (4) of this embodiment is shown inFigure 3 , cross-sectional structure schematic view Figure 4 .

[0092] SEM image of the multi-scale nanofiber nonwoven material prepared in this embodiment is shown in Figure 5 , fiber diameter distribution chart is shown in Figure 6 .

[0093] Example 2

[0094] The same as example 1, the only difference is that the mass ratio of polyethylene (PE) and polyamide 6 (PA6) in step (2) is 6:4.

[0095] The mass ratio of polyethylene (PE) and polyamide 6 (PA6) in step (3) is 6:4.

[0096] The basis weight of the matrix-fibril type composite filament fiber web prepared in step (4) is 500g / m 2 .

[0097] The material prepared by the method of this embodiment has a fiber diameter distribution concentrated in 210-420nm, and has good softness compared with example 1.

[0098] Example 3

[0099] The same as example 1, the only difference is that the viscosity of polyethylene (PE) in step (2) is 27.68 Pa·s; the viscosity of polyamide 6 (PA6) is 54.95Pa·s.

[0100] The viscosity of polyethylene (PE) in step (3) is 27.68 Pa·s; the viscosity of polyamide 6 (PA6) is 54.95Pa·s.

[0101] The material prepared by the method of this embodiment has finer fibers, which can be better applied in the field of filtration, and has better softness and filtration effect than the material prepared in example 1.

[0102] Example 4

[0103] The same as example 1, the only difference is that the mass ratio of polyethylene (viscosity 27.68 Pa·s) and polyamide 6 (viscosity 70.36 Pa·s) in step (2) is 5:5.

[0104] The mass ratio of polyethylene (viscosity 27.68 Pa·s) and polyamide 6 (viscosity 70.36 Pa·s) in step (3) is 5:5.

[0105] The mass ratio of the first melt and the first melt in step (4) is 5:5.

[0106] The composite spinning assembly 4 used in step (4) is an orange petal type composite spinning assembly, 8+8 petals, and the number of holes of the spinneret is 1200 holes / m.

[0107] The cross-sectional structure of the nascent fiber prepared in step (4) of the example is shown in the schematic view Figure 7 .

[0108] Example 5

[0109] The same as example 1, except that the polyamide 6 in step (2) is replaced by PET (weight average molecular weight 23328 g / mol; viscosity 53.65 Pa·s at a temperature of 285℃ and a shear rate of 3000 s -1 .

[0110] The nanoscale fiber diameter distribution obtained in this example is 100-300 nm and 600-1000 nm.

[0111] Comparative example 1

[0112] Method for preparing a nonwoven micrometer fiber material:

[0113] (1) Dry polyethylene terephthalate (PET, weight average molecular weight 23328 g / mol) and polyamide 6 (PA6, weight average molecular weight 57682 g / mol) separately, the drying method is drying tower drying, 0.3 m 3 / h of air with a dew point of -60℃ is introduced into the bottom of the drying tower for protection, so that the water content of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyamide 6 (PA6) is controlled below 100 ppm, and dry polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyamide 6 (PA6) are obtained.

[0114] (2) Add polyethylene terephthalate (PET; viscosity 23.65 Pa·s at a temperature of 285℃ and a shear rate of 3000 s -1 ) into the first feeding hopper 1 of the bi-component spunbond equipment, melt through the first screw extruder 2 to form the first melt.

[0115] (3) Add polyamide 6 (PA6; viscosity 54.95 Pa·s at a temperature of 270℃ and a shear rate of 3000 s -1 ) into the second feeding hopper 14, melt through the second screw extruder 15 to form the second melt.

[0116] (4) The mass of the first melt and the second melt is controlled by the first metering pump 3 and the second metering pump 16, so that the first melt and the first melt enter the spinning beam with a mass ratio of 5:5, and then the two melts are distributed by the spinning assembly 4 (the spinning assembly is a hollow orange petal shape), to form a composite fiber at the spinneret (the number of holes of the spinneret is 1200 holes / m). After cooling by the blowing device 5, the fiber is drawn by the draw frame 6, and then falls onto the webbing curtain 7, and is webbed under the action of the negative pressure suction device 8, to obtain a matrix-fibril type composite filament fiber web with a grammage of 200 g / m 2 .

[0117] (5) After the matrix-fibril type composite filament fiber web is water-jet fixed by the water-jet fixing device 9 (the fiber is opened at the same time of water-jet fixing), it directly enters the drying device, to obtain a micron fiber non-woven material with a grammage of 200 g / m 2 .

[0118] The cross-sectional structure diagram of the composite fiber prepared in the comparative example 4 is shown in Figure 8 .

[0119] The properties of the non-woven materials prepared in the examples and the comparative examples are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

[0120] Table 1 Property comparison

[0121]

[0122] Table 2 Property comparison

[0123]

[0124] The above examples only describe the preferred modes of the present application, and do not limit the scope of the present application. Without departing from the design spirit of the present application, various modifications and improvements to the technical solutions of the present application made by those skilled in the art shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a nanofiber nonwoven material with controllable scale and structure-regulated island component morphology, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: melting the mixture of polymer A and polymer B to obtain a first melt; melting the mixture of polymer B and polymer C to obtain a second melt; co- spinning the first melt and the second melt, and then sequentially cooling, drawing, webbing and consolidating, and finally using a weight-reducing opening agent to reduce the weight and open the fibers to obtain the nanofiber nonwoven material; the viscosity of polymer B is lower than that of polymer A and polymer C; polymer B is removed by the weight-reducing opening agent; polymer A and polymer C are both weight-reducing opening agent-resistant polymers; in the first melt, the mass percentage of polymer B and polymer A is (10-90%):(90-10%); in the second melt, the mass percentage of polymer B and polymer C is (10-90%):(90-10%); and in the first melt and the second melt, the mass percentage is (10-90%):(90-10%); the viscosity difference between polymer A and polymer B is 1-1000 Pa·s; the viscosity difference between polymer C and polymer B is 1-1000 Pa·s; controlling the viscosity difference between polymer B and polymer A and polymer C and the composite ratio to obtain new indefinite island-sea island fibers with uniform diameter distribution or different morphologies; by controlling the viscosity and the composite ratio, polymer B is the "sea" phase, and polymer A and polymer C are the "island" phase, thereby obtaining indefinite island-sea island fibers; polymer A and polymer C are the same or different.

2. The production method according to claim 1, characterized by, polymer A includes one of polyethylene terephthalate and its modified polymers, polytrimethylene terephthalate and its modified polymers, polyamides and its modified polymers, polypropylene and its modified polymers, and polybutylene terephthalate and its modified polymers; and / or, polymer B includes one of polyethylene and its modified polymers, alkali-soluble polyesters and its modified polymers, thermoplastic polyvinyl alcohol and its modified polymers, polystyrene and its modified polymers, cellulose acetate propionate and its modified polymers, and cellulose acetate butyrate and its modified polymers; and / or, polymer C includes one of polyethylene terephthalate and its modified polymers, polytrimethylene terephthalate and its modified polymers, polyamides and its modified polymers, and polyphenylene sulfide and its modified polymers.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spinning assembly used in the co-spinning is one of an orange petal type spinning assembly, an island-determining type spinning assembly, a skin-core type spinning assembly, and a side-by-side type spinning assembly.

4. The production method according to claim 3, characterized by, The number of orange petals of the orange petal type spinning assembly is 4-128 petals; and / or, the number of islands of the island-determining type spinning assembly is 16-1000 islands.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The weight-reducing opening agent includes water, an organic solvent, an alkaline aqueous solution, or an acidic aqueous solution.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The consolidation method includes needle punching, water jetting, thermal bonding, or ultrasonic bonding.

7. A nanofiber nonwoven material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-6.

8. The nanofiber nonwoven material of claim 7 is used in the preparation of synthetic leather, gas-liquid filtration, energy storage, or medical material preparation.

Images