An apparatus for downhole measurements in a well

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of instruments for downhole measurement of well, it is related to drilling engineering technical field, to solve the technical problems of low efficiency, big data error, difficult to adapt to complex environment of traditional downhole measurement, including: drilling fluid monitoring device, for measuring downhole environmental parameter, to quickly capture abnormal change of drilling fluid parameter when mud performance mutates in soft and hard staggered stratum;Drill bit pressure monitoring device, for measuring downhole pressure of drill bit, to real-time perceive the pressure pulsation characteristics generated when drill bit breaks different lithology stratum;Drilling pressure and torque monitoring device, downhole measuring tool, downhole measurement control device.The application dynamically optimizes the sampling frequency and measurement accuracy of each monitoring device based on real-time acquisition of multi-source data, solves the core technical problem that existing fixed sampling frequency system cannot consider data accuracy and system load, realizes the dynamic balance of multi-parameter accurate monitoring and system efficient operation in soft and hard staggered stratum.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drilling engineering technology, and more specifically, to an instrument for downhole measurement in drilling. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of downhole measurement in oil and gas drilling engineering, accurately acquiring multi-source data such as drilling fluid parameters, drill bit pressure, drilling pressure torque, and borehole trajectory is a key technical link to ensure drilling safety, improve drilling efficiency, and accurately identify formation characteristics.

[0003] However, existing downhole measurement systems generally adopt a fixed sampling frequency design, which has significant technical shortcomings in complex structural zones with alternating soft and hard formations and abrupt changes in mud properties:

[0004] When the formation lithology is complex, the data change rate is high, or abnormal parameters occur (sudden increase in drilling fluid sand content, sudden change in drill bit pressure), fixed low-frequency sampling cannot quickly capture abnormal changes in drilling fluid parameters, drill bit pressure pulsation characteristics, and dynamic fluctuations in drilling pressure and torque, resulting in lag in formation interface identification and deviation in rock hardness judgment, which can easily lead to wellbore instability and stuck drill safety risks.

[0005] If a fixed high-frequency sampling method is used for a long period in pursuit of data accuracy, it will significantly increase system energy consumption and data redundancy. This will not only reduce the downhole equipment's endurance but also increase the burden on surface data processing, ultimately making it difficult to achieve a dynamic balance between "data acquisition accuracy" and "system load"—this problem has become the core bottleneck restricting the accuracy and system stability of downhole measurements in formations with alternating hard and soft surfaces. In view of this, we propose an instrument for downhole drilling measurements. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an instrument for downhole drilling measurements to solve the technical problems of low efficiency, large data errors, and difficulty in adapting to complex environments in traditional downhole measurements.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an instrument for downhole measurement in drilling, disposed inside the drill bit, comprising:

[0008] Drilling fluid monitoring devices are used to measure downhole environmental parameters in order to quickly detect abnormal changes in drilling fluid parameters when mud properties change abruptly in formations with alternating soft and hard surfaces.

[0009] The drill bit pressure monitoring device is used to measure the downhole pressure of the drill bit in order to sense the pressure pulsation characteristics generated by the drill bit when breaking different lithological formations in real time. Among them, the rock hardness assessment adopts the pressure fluctuation spectrum analysis method.

[0010] The drill pressure and torque monitoring device is used to measure the drill pressure and the torque of the drill bit rotation, so as to identify the interface between soft and hard formations based on the drill pressure and torque change curves using a dynamic time warping algorithm.

[0011] Downhole measurement tools are used to measure drilling time, downhole power generation and transmission, borehole diameter and borehole inclination azimuth, so as to accurately determine the relationship between the borehole trajectory and the formation dip in complex structural zones or directional drilling processes.

[0012] The downhole measurement and control device is connected to the drilling fluid monitoring device, drill bit pressure monitoring device, drill pressure and torque monitoring device, and downhole measurement tool signal. It is used to receive parameters measured by each device, process and store the parameters, and automatically optimize the sampling frequency and measurement accuracy of each monitoring device based on the real-time multi-source data.

[0013] When the strata are complex, the data change rate is high, or an abnormal parameter warning occurs, the sampling frequency of the corresponding monitoring device is increased to obtain detailed data; conversely, the sampling frequency is reduced to reduce energy consumption and data redundancy, so as to achieve a dynamic balance between data acquisition accuracy and system load.

[0014] This invention utilizes an adaptive control algorithm built into the downhole measurement and control device to dynamically optimize the sampling frequency and measurement accuracy of each monitoring device based on real-time multi-source data. When the formation lithology is complex, the data change rate is high, or an anomaly warning occurs, the sampling frequency of the corresponding device is automatically increased to capture detailed data; when the formation is stable or the system load is high, the sampling frequency is automatically reduced to decrease energy consumption and redundancy. This effectively solves the core technical problem of existing fixed sampling frequency systems that "cannot balance data accuracy and system load," achieving a dynamic balance between accurate multi-parameter monitoring and efficient system operation in formations with alternating soft and hard surfaces.

[0015] Preferably, the drilling fluid monitoring device includes:

[0016] The drilling fluid parameter measurement components include drilling fluid flow rate measurement pipes, drilling fluid velocity measurement pipes, drilling fluid viscosity measurement pipes, drilling fluid density measurement pipes, drilling fluid sand content measurement pipes, and drilling fluid gas methane concentration measurement pipes.

[0017] A drilling fluid data acquisition unit, installed on the drilling fluid parameter measurement component, includes a flow sensor, a flow velocity sensor, a viscosity sensor, a density sensor, a sand content sensor, and a methane gas concentration sensor, respectively connected to the drilling fluid flow rate measurement pipe, drilling fluid velocity measurement pipe, drilling fluid viscosity measurement pipe, drilling fluid density measurement pipe, drilling fluid sand content measurement pipe, and drilling fluid methane gas concentration measurement pipe. This unit is used to acquire data on drilling fluid flow rate, drilling fluid velocity, drilling fluid viscosity, drilling fluid density, drilling fluid sand content, and drilling fluid methane gas concentration.

[0018] The drilling fluid data transmission unit is connected to the drilling fluid data acquisition unit and is used to receive the data acquired by the drilling fluid data acquisition unit and output it to the ground signal receiving device.

[0019] Preferably, the drill bit pressure monitoring device includes:

[0020] Drill bit pressure measurement assembly, including drill bit pressure measurement conduit;

[0021] A drill bit pressure acquisition unit is installed on the drill bit pressure measurement assembly and includes a pressure sensor connected to the drill bit pressure measurement pipeline for acquiring pressure data of drilling fluid flowing through the drill bit.

[0022] The drill bit pressure data transmission unit is connected to the drill bit pressure acquisition unit and is used to receive the data acquired by the drill bit pressure acquisition unit and output it to the ground signal receiving device.

[0023] Preferably, the drilling pressure and torque monitoring device includes:

[0024] A rotating measuring component, connected to the drill bit, is used to measure the pressure and torque of the drill bit;

[0025] A drilling pressure torque acquisition unit is installed on the rotating measurement component and is used to acquire drilling time data, borehole diameter and borehole inclination azimuth data generated by the rotation of the drill bit;

[0026] A drill pressure torque data transmission unit is connected to the drill pressure torque acquisition unit and is used to receive the data acquired by the drill pressure torque acquisition unit and output it to the ground signal receiving device.

[0027] Preferably, the downhole measurement and control device includes:

[0028] The core data acquisition unit is connected to the drill bit pressure monitoring device and the drill pressure and torque monitoring device to collect internal pressure and torque data of the drill bit.

[0029] The data storage unit is connected to the core data acquisition unit and is used to receive and store the data acquired by the core data acquisition unit.

[0030] The system control signal transmission unit is connected to the drilling fluid monitoring device and downhole measurement tools. It is used to transmit signals to the drilling fluid monitoring device and downhole measurement tools, receive data sent by the drilling fluid monitoring device and downhole measurement tools, and transmit the received data to the data storage unit.

[0031] Preferably, the downhole measurement unit further includes:

[0032] The auxiliary data acquisition unit is installed on the rotary measuring component and is used to acquire drilling time data, downhole power generation and transmission, borehole diameter and borehole inclination azimuth data generated by the rotary measuring component.

[0033] An auxiliary data transmission unit is connected to an auxiliary data acquisition unit. The auxiliary data transmission unit is used to transmit signals to the core data acquisition unit, receive data acquired by the core data acquisition unit, and transmit the received data to the data storage unit.

[0034] An intelligent measurement system includes the aforementioned instruments for downhole drilling measurements and a surface system;

[0035] The ground system includes a processor, a drilling fluid ground receiving unit, a drill bit pressure ground receiving unit, a comprehensive data ground receiving unit, and a control command ground transmission unit, wherein the drilling fluid ground receiving unit, the drill bit pressure ground receiving unit, and the comprehensive data ground receiving unit are located on the ground.

[0036] The drilling fluid surface receiving unit is used to receive data sent by the drilling fluid data transmission unit, the drill bit pressure surface receiving unit is used to receive data sent by the drill bit pressure data transmission unit, and the integrated data surface receiving unit is used to receive data sent by the drilling pressure torque data transmission unit, the system control signal transmission unit, and the auxiliary data transmission unit.

[0037] Preferably, the drilling fluid monitoring device, drill bit pressure monitoring device, drill pressure and torque monitoring device, downhole measurement and control device, drilling fluid data transmission unit, drill bit pressure data transmission unit, drill pressure and torque data transmission unit, system control signal transmission unit, auxiliary data transmission unit, drilling fluid surface receiving unit, drill bit pressure surface receiving unit, and integrated data surface receiving unit all use wireless communication for signal transmission;

[0038] The surface system is communicatively connected to the drilling fluid monitoring device, the drill bit pressure monitoring device, the drilling pressure and torque monitoring device, and the downhole measurement and control device.

[0039] Preferably, the drilling fluid surface receiving unit, drill bit pressure surface receiving unit, integrated data surface receiving unit, and control command surface transmission unit are all connected to the processor input terminal of the surface system to transmit drilling fluid parameters, drill bit pressure parameters, drilling pressure, torque, and drilling time data to the processor. The processor processes the data, outputs drilling pressure and torque control data, and controls the drilling pressure and torque adjustment of the drill bit through the downhole measurement and control device.

[0040] Preferably, the signals received by the drilling fluid ground receiving unit, the drill bit pressure ground receiving unit, the integrated data ground receiving unit, and the control command ground transmission unit, as well as the control data processed by the ground system processor, are all transmitted to the ground via signal line transmission.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0042] 1. This invention utilizes an adaptive control algorithm built into the downhole measurement and control device to dynamically optimize the sampling frequency and measurement accuracy of each monitoring device based on real-time multi-source data. When the formation lithology is complex, the data change rate is high, or an anomaly warning occurs, the sampling frequency of the corresponding device is automatically increased to capture detailed data; when the formation is stable or the system load is high, the sampling frequency is automatically reduced to decrease energy consumption and redundancy. This effectively solves the core technical problem of existing fixed sampling frequency systems that "cannot balance data accuracy and system load," achieving a dynamic balance between accurate multi-parameter monitoring and efficient system operation in formations with alternating soft and hard surfaces.

[0043] 2. This invention also collects drill bit pressure data through a drill bit pressure monitoring device and employs a pressure fluctuation spectrum analysis method. It calculates rock hardness assessment values ​​using the harmonic amplitude and corresponding frequency of the pressure fluctuation signal. Compared to existing methods that rely solely on average pressure measurements, this approach allows for a more precise perception of pressure pulsation characteristics when the drill bit fractures different lithological formations. This further addresses the problem of lacking quantitative basis for rock hardness assessment despite achieving accurate data acquisition. It provides reliable quantitative support for judging rock hardness and fracture development, reducing errors in drilling parameter adjustments caused by lithological misjudgments.

[0044] 3. This invention also collects drilling pressure and torque data through a drilling pressure and torque monitoring device, and employs a dynamic time warping algorithm to effectively adapt to the temporal offset and length differences in the downhole drilling pressure and torque sequence caused by changes in drilling speed. This further solves the problem of formation interface identification being easily affected by inconsistencies in sequence timing, significantly improving the identification accuracy of soft and hard interfacial formations, and providing accurate formation location references for timely adjustment of drilling parameters and prevention of drill string damage due to abrupt formation changes. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the instrument used for downhole drilling measurements in the invention, located inside the drill bit.

[0046] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system framework that illustrates the inclusion relationship of the intelligent measurement system in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0047] Example 1: As Figure 1As shown, the present invention relates to an instrument for downhole measurement in drilling, which is installed inside the drill bit and includes a drilling fluid monitoring device, a drill bit pressure monitoring device, a drill pressure and torque monitoring device, a downhole measurement tool, and a downhole measurement control device.

[0048] The drilling fluid monitoring device is integrated into the drill bit and is used to measure downhole environmental parameters including drilling fluid flow rate, velocity, viscosity, density, sand content, and methane concentration. It can quickly capture abnormal changes in drilling fluid parameters when the mud properties of alternating soft and hard formations change abruptly, providing data support for responding to emergencies such as wellbore instability and stuck pipe.

[0049] Among them, the detection of abnormal changes in drilling fluid parameters adopts a dynamic threshold algorithm:

[0050] ;

[0051] In the formula, For real-time measurement of the first Individual parameter values ​​(such as real-time measurement data of specific parameters like flow rate and viscosity). For the first The historical mean of each parameter is obtained through statistical calculation of historical measurement data. For the first The standard deviation of a parameter reflects the dispersion of its historical data. For the first The weights of each parameter are set according to their importance to drilling safety, and are used to adjust the influence of different parameters in the anomaly index calculation; when An alert is triggered at any time.

[0052] Initial Source: This formula originates from the multivariate standardized deviation comprehensive evaluation model in mathematics, and its core foundation is "Z-score standardization" (i.e., This is used to eliminate the influence of different parameter dimensions, and combined with the idea of ​​"weighted summation" (often used for comprehensive evaluation of multiple indicators, such as the calculation of risk index in the engineering field).

[0053] Function: By quantifying the deviation between real-time values ​​of multiple drilling fluid parameters (flow rate, velocity, viscosity, etc.) and historical benchmark values, an "anomaly index" is calculated. When the index exceeds a set threshold, an early warning is triggered, providing data support for responding to sudden situations such as wellbore instability and stuck pipe, and solving the problem of delayed parameter anomaly capture when mud properties change abruptly in soft and hard formations.

[0054] Derivation process: The original Z-score standardization only calculates the bias for a single parameter (the formula is...). The weighted summation model only assigns weights to standardized indicators (the formula is...). This application, based on the need for multi-parameter collaborative monitoring of downhole drilling fluids, integrates and adapts the two methods, as detailed below:

[0055] Parameter expansion: The Z-score standardization of a single parameter is expanded to n drilling fluid parameters (flow rate, velocity, viscosity, density, sand content, methane concentration), and the standardization deviation of each parameter is calculated separately. (Using the absolute value ensures that the deviation contributes positively, avoiding the cancellation of positive and negative deviations.)

[0056] Weight adaptation: Introducing weights The parameters are set according to their relative importance to drilling safety (e.g., methane concentration has a greater impact on blowout risk). (Take higher values) to adjust the degree of influence of different parameters in the anomaly index;

[0057] Exponential synthesis: through the summation formula Synthesize an "anomaly index" to achieve comprehensive quantification of multi-parameter anomalies, adapting to monitoring scenarios of multi-dimensional abrupt changes in mud properties in downhole formations with alternating soft and hard surfaces.

[0058] In an embodiment of the present invention, the drilling fluid monitoring device includes a drilling fluid parameter measurement component, a drilling fluid data acquisition unit, and a drilling fluid data transmission unit;

[0059] The drilling fluid parameter measurement components are installed inside the drill bit and include drilling fluid flow rate measurement pipe, drilling fluid velocity measurement pipe, drilling fluid viscosity measurement pipe, drilling fluid density measurement pipe, drilling fluid sand content measurement pipe, and drilling fluid gas methane concentration measurement pipe.

[0060] The drilling fluid data acquisition unit is mounted on the drilling fluid parameter measurement component and includes a flow sensor, a flow velocity sensor, a viscosity sensor, a density sensor, a sand content sensor, and a gas methane concentration sensor.

[0061] The flow sensor, flow velocity sensor, viscosity sensor, density sensor, sand content sensor, and methane gas concentration sensor are respectively connected to the drilling fluid flow measurement pipeline, drilling fluid flow velocity measurement pipeline, drilling fluid viscosity measurement pipeline, drilling fluid density measurement pipeline, drilling fluid sand content measurement pipeline, and drilling fluid methane gas concentration measurement pipeline, and are used to collect data such as drilling fluid flow rate, drilling fluid flow velocity, drilling fluid viscosity, drilling fluid density, drilling fluid sand content, and drilling fluid methane gas concentration;

[0062] The drilling fluid data acquisition unit is connected to the drilling fluid data transmission unit. The drilling fluid data transmission unit is used to receive the data acquired by the drilling fluid data acquisition unit and output it to the ground signal receiving device.

[0063] The drill bit pressure monitoring device is integrated inside the drill bit and is used to measure the downhole pressure of the drill bit. It can sense the pressure pulsation characteristics generated by the drill bit when breaking different lithological formations in real time, and provide a basis for judging the rock hardness and the degree of fracture development.

[0064] Among them, the rock hardness assessment uses the pressure fluctuation spectrum analysis method:

[0065] ;

[0066] In the formula, For pressure fluctuation signal number 1 The amplitude of a first harmonic wave characterizes the intensity of different frequency components in a pressure fluctuation signal. For the first The frequency corresponding to the first harmonic. This is a rock hardness assessment value. It is a nonlinear mapping function, determined based on actual geological conditions and experimental data, used to convert the spectral characteristics of pressure fluctuations into rock hardness values.

[0067] Initial source: This formula originates from the Fourier spectrum analysis theory in physics (used to decompose the frequency components of a signal and obtain harmonic amplitude and frequency) and the nonlinear mapping model in mathematics (used to convert abstract feature values ​​into concrete physical quantities, such as performance evaluation values ​​in engineering).

[0068] Function: To calculate rock hardness assessment values ​​by analyzing the harmonic characteristics (amplitude and frequency) of drill bit pressure fluctuation signals. This provides a basis for judging rock hardness and the degree of fracture development, and solves the problem that the traditional single pressure mean method cannot accurately distinguish different lithological strata.

[0069] Derivation process: The original Fourier spectrum analysis can only output the harmonic amplitude of the signal. With corresponding frequency (Without quantitative application scenarios), nonlinear mappings are only general functions (such as...) (No specific physical binding). This application incorporates targeted modifications based on the pressure pulsation characteristics of the formation fractured by the downhole drill bit, as derived below:

[0070] Spectral Feature Extraction: Based on the frequency differences in pressure pulsations when the drill bit breaks through formations of different lithologies, a "harmonic energy weighted frequency" is defined—the molecule. (Use the square of the harmonic amplitude) The energy percentage of this frequency component, multiplied by the frequency. (Achieving energy weighting), denominator (Total energy normalization eliminates the influence of overall signal strength), resulting in Quantify the frequency distribution characteristics of pressure fluctuations;

[0071] Physical quantity mapping: Introducing nonlinear mapping functions Calibration is performed based on actual geological conditions (such as differences in pressure spectrum between sandstone and mudstone) and experimental data (indoor simulation of pressure pulsation tests on rocks of different hardness). In a specific form, abstract spectral characteristic values ​​are transformed into concrete rock hardness assessment values. ,make sure Consistency with actual rock hardness, adapting to the needs of judging complex lithology downhole.

[0072] In an embodiment of the present invention, the drill bit pressure monitoring device includes a drill bit pressure measurement component, a drill bit pressure acquisition unit, and a drill bit pressure data transmission unit;

[0073] The drill bit pressure measurement assembly is disposed inside the drill bit and includes a drill bit pressure measurement conduit.

[0074] The drill bit pressure acquisition unit is mounted on the drill bit pressure measurement assembly and includes a pressure sensor; the pressure sensor is connected to the drill bit pressure measurement pipeline and is used to acquire pressure data of drilling fluid flowing through the drill bit.

[0075] The drill bit pressure data transmission unit is connected to the drill bit pressure acquisition unit and is used to receive the data acquired by the drill bit pressure acquisition unit and output it to the ground signal receiving device.

[0076] The drill pressure and torque monitoring device is integrated into the drill bit and is used to measure the drill pressure and the torque of the drill bit rotation. Based on the drill pressure and torque change curve, a dynamic time warping algorithm can be used to identify the interface between soft and hard formations, providing a reference for adjusting drilling parameters.

[0077] Among them, the formation interface identification adopts the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm:

[0078] ;

[0079] In the formula, The first in the drilling pressure or torque sequence Data points, For the first in another drilling pressure or torque sequence Data points, This is a time warping mapping function used to establish alignment relationships between different time series, making the similarity calculation between two series more reasonable. The similarity distance between two sequences is given by... When the threshold of the formation interface is exceeded, it is determined to be a formation interface.

[0080] Original source: This formula originates from the classic algorithm of Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) in mathematics. Its core is to find the optimal alignment path between two time series through dynamic programming and calculate the minimum cumulative distance. It is often used for sequence similarity analysis in fields such as speech recognition and signal matching.

[0081] Function: To calculate the similarity distance between drilling pressure or torque sequences. When the distance exceeds a threshold, it is determined to be a formation interface, which solves the problem that the traditional fixed time sequence comparison method cannot adapt to the time sequence offset and length difference of the downhole drilling pressure / torque sequence, and realizes the accurate identification of soft and hard interbedded formation interfaces.

[0082] Derivation process: The core formula of the classic DTW algorithm is as follows: ( The distance between individual data points (e.g., Manhattan distance) is not explicitly defined, and the physical meaning of the time-warped mapping function is not clear. This application incorporates the dynamic characteristics of downhole drilling pressure / torque sequences and makes adaptive modifications, as shown in the following derivation:

[0083] Distance function optimization: Optimizing the Manhattan distance of classic DTW ( ) changed to Euclidean distance ( This enhances the sensitivity to subtle differences between data points, adapting to scenarios where small fluctuations in downhole drilling pressure / torque can reflect formation changes;

[0084] Mapping function explicitation: Defining time warping mapping functions Its function is to establish alignment relationships between drill pressure / torque sequences (which may have timing shifts or different lengths due to changes in drilling speed) (e.g., aligning the first and second parts of the real-time sequence). The data point and the reference sequence (Matching data points) to avoid similarity calculation errors caused by inconsistent sequence timing;

[0085] Application scenario binding: Define the "minimum cumulative distance" of classic DTW as "sequence similarity distance". ", and associate it with the stratigraphic interface determination rules ( If the threshold is exceeded, it is considered a formation interface. The general sequence matching algorithm is transformed into a special algorithm adapted for downhole formation identification.

[0086] In an embodiment of the present invention, the drilling pressure and torque monitoring device includes a rotation measurement component, a drilling pressure and torque acquisition unit, and a drilling pressure and torque data transmission unit;

[0087] The drilling pressure torque acquisition unit is mounted on the rotating measurement component and is used to acquire drilling time data, borehole diameter and borehole inclination azimuth data generated by the rotation of the drill bit.

[0088] The rotary measuring component is connected to the drill bit and is used to measure the pressure and torque of the drill bit.

[0089] The drill pressure torque data transmission unit is connected to the drill pressure torque acquisition unit and is used to receive the data acquired by the drill pressure torque acquisition unit and output it to the ground signal receiving device.

[0090] The downhole measurement tool, along with the drill pressure and torque monitoring device and the downhole measurement control device, is integrated within the drill bit. It is used to measure drilling time, the generation and transmission of downhole power, borehole diameter, and borehole inclination azimuth. In complex structural zones or during directional drilling, it accurately determines the relationship between the borehole trajectory and the formation dip. The borehole trajectory optimization employs a Kalman filter algorithm.

[0091] The downhole measurement and control device is connected to the drilling fluid monitoring device, the drill bit pressure monitoring device, the drill pressure and torque monitoring device, and the downhole measurement tool. It receives parameters measured by each device, processes and stores these parameters, and controls and adjusts the monitoring and measurement parameters of each device. The downhole measurement and control device has a built-in adaptive control algorithm that automatically optimizes the sampling frequency and measurement accuracy of each monitoring device based on real-time multi-source data. When the formation lithology is complex, the data change rate is high, or an abnormal parameter warning occurs, the sampling frequency of the corresponding monitoring device is increased to obtain more refined data. When the formation is stable, the data change is gradual, or the system load is high, the sampling frequency is reduced to decrease energy consumption and data redundancy, achieving a dynamic balance between data acquisition accuracy and system load.

[0092] Among them, the adaptive adjustment of the sampling frequency adopts fuzzy control:

[0093] ;

[0094] In the formula, The new sampling frequency after adjustment The old sampling frequency before adjustment. It is calculated from fuzzy rules such as the current data change rate and system load, and is used to dynamically adjust the sampling frequency.

[0095] Original source: This formula originates from the fuzzy control algorithm in control theory. Its core is to calculate the adjustment amount based on the fuzzy rules of the input variables (such as the rate of change and the load) and then update the control output. It is often used in control systems that require continuous and smooth adjustment (such as the speed and sampling rate adjustment of industrial equipment).

[0096] Function: To calculate the frequency adjustment amount Update the sampling frequency of the monitoring device ( This enables adaptive optimization of the sampling frequency, solving the problems of "data redundancy (high frequency)" or "insufficient accuracy (low frequency)" in traditional fixed sampling frequencies, and balancing downhole data acquisition accuracy with system load.

[0097] Deduction process: The output adjustment of the original fuzzy control algorithm is mostly an "absolute adjustment amount" (e.g., Furthermore, the calculation factor for the adjustment amount was not clearly defined. This application, combining the dynamic changes of downhole multi-source data and system load constraints, makes targeted modifications, as follows:

[0098] Adjustment method optimization: Change the original "absolute adjustment amount" to "proportional adjustment amount" - through Scale factor and old sampling frequency Multiply to obtain the new sampling frequency To avoid system instability caused by sudden changes in sampling frequency (such as jumping directly from 1Hz to 10Hz) and to adapt to the frequency smoothness requirements of downhole monitoring devices;

[0099] Adjusting the binding of quantitative factors: clarifies The current data change rate (e.g., when drilling fluid parameters change abruptly) If positive, the frequency needs to be increased to detect anomalies) and "system load" (e.g., when the load is too high). (If the value is negative, the frequency needs to be reduced to decrease energy consumption.) This is calculated using fuzzy rules. By combining general fuzzy control with actual downhole conditions, the rationality of frequency adjustment is ensured.

[0100] In an embodiment of the present invention, the downhole measurement and control device includes a core data acquisition unit, a data storage unit, and a system control signal transmission unit;

[0101] The core data acquisition unit is connected to the drill bit pressure monitoring device and the drill pressure and torque monitoring device, and is used to collect the internal pressure and torque data of the drill bit.

[0102] The data storage unit is connected to the core data acquisition unit and is used to receive and store the data acquired by the core data acquisition unit.

[0103] The system control signal transmission unit is connected to the drilling fluid monitoring device and the downhole measuring tool. The system control signal transmission unit transmits signals to the drilling fluid monitoring device and the downhole measuring tool, receives data sent by the drilling fluid monitoring device and the downhole measuring tool, and transmits the received data to the data storage unit.

[0104] In an embodiment of the present invention, the downhole measurement unit further includes an auxiliary data acquisition unit and an auxiliary data transmission unit;

[0105] The auxiliary data acquisition unit is mounted on the rotating measuring component and is used to acquire drilling time data, downhole power generation and transmission, borehole diameter and borehole inclination azimuth data generated by the rotating measuring component.

[0106] The auxiliary data acquisition unit is connected to the auxiliary data transmission unit. The auxiliary data transmission unit is used to transmit signals to the core data acquisition unit, receive data acquired by the core data acquisition unit, and transmit the received data to the data storage unit.

[0107] Logical relationships and derivation process among the formulas

[0108] 1. Logical Relationship Framework

[0109] The formulas form a progressive logical closed loop around "precise monitoring of multiple downhole parameters → risk / formation characteristic judgment → system adaptive optimization", and the specific relationships are as follows:

[0110] Basic layer: Dynamic threshold algorithm (Formula 1) → realizes multi-parameter anomaly monitoring of drilling fluid, providing "risk trigger signal" for subsequent formation judgment;

[0111] Judgment layer: Pressure fluctuation spectrum analysis method (formula 2), DTW algorithm (formula 3) → Based on the basic data of formula 1 (pressure, drilling pressure / torque), the rock hardness and formation interface are accurately judged respectively, solving the problem of "anomaly cause location";

[0112] Optimization layer: Fuzzy control algorithm (Formula 4) → Based on the abnormal signals of Formula 1 and the stratigraphic feature judgment results of Formula 2 / 3, dynamically adjust the sampling frequency to solve the problem of "monitoring accuracy and system load balance", and at the same time provide more suitable input data for Formula 1 / 2 / 3 (such as more refined data when sampling at high frequency, improving the judgment accuracy of Formula 2 / 3).

[0113] 2. Detailed derivation of the logic chain

[0114] (1) Derivation from “anomaly detection” to “feature judgment”

[0115] When the "abnormal index" calculated by the dynamic threshold algorithm (Formula 1) exceeds the threshold (such as a sudden increase in drilling fluid sand content or a sudden change in pressure), the subsequent feature judgment process is triggered:

[0116] If the abnormal index originates from abnormal pressure parameters, then apply the pressure fluctuation spectrum analysis method (Formula 2): convert the pressure data collected by the drill bit pressure monitoring device into harmonic amplitude. With frequency Substitute into Formula 2 to calculate rock hardness To determine whether the anomaly is caused by "a sudden increase in rock hardness (such as when drilling through a gravel layer) leading to a sudden change in pressure";

[0117] If the abnormal index originates from abnormal drilling pressure / torque parameters → call the DTW algorithm (Formula 3): use the drilling pressure / torque sequence collected by the drilling pressure and torque monitoring device as... Drilling pressure / torque sequence of standard formation Compare, calculate Determine whether the anomaly is caused by "drilling encountering a soft-hard interfacial zone (D_{DTW} exceeding the threshold, resulting in fluctuations in drilling pressure / torque".

[0118] (2) Derivation from “feature judgment” to “system optimization”

[0119] Based on the judgment results of Formula 2 / 3, the sampling frequency of the fuzzy control algorithm (Formula 4) is further adjusted:

[0120] If the calculation in formula 2 is Frequent fluctuations (such as encountering alternating sandstone-mudstone layers) → indicate complex formation lithology, requiring increased sampling frequency to capture subtle hardness variations → in fuzzy control algorithms Taking a positive value and substituting it into formula 4 yields a higher result. This provides more intensive pressure data for Formula 2;

[0121] If the calculation in formula 3 is If the temperature remains below the threshold for an extended period (e.g., when drilling through a homogeneous mudstone layer), the formation is deemed stable, and high-frequency sampling is unnecessary; this is then incorporated into the fuzzy control algorithm. Taking the negative value and substituting it into formula 4 yields a lower value. This reduces system load and avoids generating redundant normal data as per Formula 1.

[0122] If Formula 1 triggers an alert (abnormal index exceeds the limit) → temporarily... Adjust to the maximum value and increase the sampling frequency using Formula 4 to ensure that Formulas 2 / 3 can obtain more accurate pressure, drilling pressure / torque data, and quickly locate the cause of the anomaly.

[0123] In summary, the formulas do not exist independently, but rather form a complete measurement algorithm system adapted to complex downhole conditions through a logical chain of "data-driven - result feedback - parameter optimization", achieving an upgrade from "passive monitoring" to "active judgment - adaptive optimization".

[0124] In summary, the formulas do not exist independently, but rather form a complete measurement algorithm system adapted to complex downhole conditions through a logical chain of "data-driven - result feedback - parameter optimization", achieving an upgrade from "passive monitoring" to "active judgment - adaptive optimization".

[0125] Example 2: Figure 2 As shown, the present invention relates to an intelligent measurement system, including instruments for downhole drilling measurements and a surface system;

[0126] The ground system includes a processor, a drilling fluid ground receiving unit, a drill bit pressure ground receiving unit, a comprehensive data ground receiving unit, and a control command ground transmission unit.

[0127] The drilling fluid surface receiving unit, the drill bit pressure surface receiving unit, and the integrated data surface receiving unit are installed on the ground. The drilling fluid surface receiving unit is used to receive data sent by the drilling fluid data transmission unit.

[0128] The drill bit pressure ground receiving unit is used to receive data sent by the drill bit pressure data transmission unit;

[0129] The integrated data ground receiving unit is used to receive data sent by the drill pressure torque data transmission unit, data sent by the system control signal transmission unit, and data sent by the auxiliary data transmission unit.

[0130] The drilling fluid monitoring device, the drill bit pressure monitoring device, the drill pressure and torque monitoring device, the downhole measurement and control device, the drilling fluid data transmission unit, the drill bit pressure data transmission unit, the drill pressure and torque data transmission unit, the system control signal transmission unit, the auxiliary data transmission unit, the drilling fluid surface receiving unit, the drill bit pressure surface receiving unit, and the integrated data surface receiving unit all use wireless communication for signal transmission.

[0131] The surface system is communicatively connected to the drilling fluid monitoring device, the drill bit pressure monitoring device, the drilling pressure and torque monitoring device, and the downhole measurement and control device, respectively.

[0132] The drilling fluid surface receiving unit, drill bit pressure surface receiving unit, integrated data surface receiving unit, and control command surface transmission unit are connected to the input terminal of the surface system processor and receive the drilling fluid parameters, the drill bit pressure parameters, the drilling pressure, the torque, and the drilling time data.

[0133] The processor processes the drilling fluid parameters, the drill bit pressure parameters, the drilling pressure, the torque, and the drilling time data, outputs drilling pressure and torque control data, and controls the drilling pressure and torque adjustment of the drill bit through the downhole measurement and control device;

[0134] The signals received by the drilling fluid ground receiving unit, the drill bit pressure ground receiving unit, the integrated data ground receiving unit, and the control command ground transmission unit, as well as the control data processed by the ground system processor, are all transmitted to the ground via signal line transmission.

[0135] Working Principle: This embodiment provides an instrument for downhole drilling measurements. It constructs a closed-loop workflow around "precise downhole data acquisition - real-time transmission - surface analysis and processing - dynamic control and feedback." Through the collaboration between the instrument and the surface system, it solves the problems of low efficiency, large errors, and difficulty in adapting to complex environments inherent in traditional downhole measurements. The specific principle is as follows:

[0136] Downhole data acquisition phase: Multi-device collaborative capture of multi-dimensional parameters

[0137] Instruments used for downhole measurement during drilling are integrated inside the drill bit. Each functional device synchronously collects key downhole data according to its assigned function, achieving comprehensive coverage of parameters in complex environments.

[0138] The drilling fluid monitoring device operates as follows: When the drilling fluid flows through the drill bit, the flow rate, velocity, viscosity, density, sand content, and methane concentration measurement pipes in the parameter measurement component guide the drilling fluid through the corresponding channels; the six types of sensors (flow rate, velocity, viscosity, etc.) in the data acquisition unit collect the drilling fluid parameters in each pipe in real time, and then the drilling fluid data transmission unit temporarily stores the collected "multi-parameter data of drilling fluid" and prepares it for uploading.

[0139] The drill bit pressure monitoring device works as follows: When the drilling fluid flows through the drill bit pressure measurement pipeline, the pressure sensor collects the pressure data in the pipeline (reflecting the pressure pulsation when the drill bit breaks the formation). The collected "drill bit pressure data" is temporarily stored through the drill bit pressure data transmission unit. At the same time, the device has built-in pressure fluctuation spectrum analysis logic to initially extract the harmonic amplitude and frequency characteristics of the pressure signal, providing raw data for subsequent rock hardness assessment.

[0140] The drilling pressure and torque monitoring device operates as follows: The rotating measurement component connected to the drill bit rotates synchronously with the drill bit to sense the drilling pressure and the rotation torque of the drill string in real time; the drilling pressure and torque acquisition unit synchronously acquires drilling time, borehole diameter, and borehole inclination azimuth data generated by the rotation of the drill bit, forming a "drilling pressure-torque-drilling time-borehole geometric parameters" dataset, which is temporarily stored by the drilling pressure and torque data transmission unit, and the device initially records the drilling pressure and torque change curves to prepare for formation interface identification.

[0141] Downhole measurement tools work by directly measuring drilling time, the generation and transmission of downhole power, borehole diameter, and borehole inclination azimuth. They are particularly useful in complex structural zones or directional drilling scenarios, capturing borehole trajectory data. After temporary storage, the data is transmitted to the system control signal transmission unit through signal interaction with the downhole measurement and control device.

[0142] The downhole measurement and control system operates as follows: The core data acquisition unit receives pressure data from the drill bit pressure monitoring device and torque data from the drill bit pressure and torque monitoring devices; the auxiliary data acquisition unit acquires drilling time, power transmission, and borehole geometry data from the rotary measuring assembly, and transmits them to the core data acquisition unit via the auxiliary data transmission unit; the system control signal transmission unit receives data from the drilling fluid monitoring device and downhole measuring tools, and all acquired data is ultimately aggregated and stored in the data storage unit. Simultaneously, the control device incorporates an adaptive control algorithm to analyze multi-source data in real time: when the formation lithology is complex (e.g., large fluctuations in drill bit pressure and torque), the data change rate is high (e.g., sudden changes in drilling fluid parameters), or anomaly warnings occur (e.g., excessive methane concentration), the sampling frequency of the corresponding monitoring device is automatically increased to obtain more refined data; when the formation is stable, the data is flat, or the system load is high, the sampling frequency is reduced to decrease energy consumption and data redundancy, achieving a dynamic balance between "acquisition accuracy and system load."

[0143] Data transmission phase: Wireless + wired combination to achieve end-to-end transmission

[0144] Downhole-to-surface wireless transmission: The drilling fluid data transmission unit of the drilling fluid monitoring device, the drill bit pressure data transmission unit of the drill bit pressure monitoring device, the drill pressure and torque data transmission unit of the drill pressure and torque monitoring device, and the system control signal transmission unit and auxiliary data transmission unit of the downhole measurement and control device, respectively transmit the temporarily stored data to the corresponding receiving units of the surface system (drilling fluid surface receiving unit, drill bit pressure surface receiving unit, and integrated data surface receiving unit) via wireless communication.

[0145] Wired transmission from the surface: Each receiving unit on the surface (drilling fluid, drill bit pressure, integrated data) transmits the received downhole data to the processor of the surface system via signal wires; simultaneously, the processor generates control data.

[0146] The embodiments disclosed in this invention are preferred embodiments, but are not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can easily understand the spirit of this invention based on the above embodiments and make different extensions and variations, but as long as they do not depart from the spirit of this invention, they are all within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. An instrument for downhole measurement in drilling, characterized in that, Located inside the drill bit, including: Drilling fluid monitoring devices are used to measure downhole environmental parameters in order to quickly detect abnormal changes in drilling fluid parameters when mud properties change abruptly in formations with alternating soft and hard surfaces. A drill bit pressure monitoring device is used to measure the downhole pressure of the drill bit to sense the pressure pulsation characteristics generated by the drill bit when fracturing different lithological formations in real time. Rock hardness assessment employs the following pressure fluctuation spectrum analysis method, which calculates the rock hardness assessment value using the harmonic amplitude and corresponding frequency of the pressure fluctuation signal. The pressure fluctuation spectrum analysis method is as follows: ； In the formula, For pressure fluctuation signal number 1 First harmonic amplitude, For the first The frequency corresponding to the first harmonic. This is a rock hardness assessment value. This is a nonlinear mapping function determined based on actual geological conditions and experimental data; A drill pressure and torque monitoring device is used to measure the magnitude of drill pressure and drill string rotation torque. The identification of soft-hard interfacial formations employs a dynamic time warping algorithm to calculate the similarity distance between drill pressure or torque sequences to determine the formation interface. The dynamic time warping algorithm is as follows: ； In the formula, The first in the drilling pressure or torque sequence Data points, For the first in another drilling pressure or torque sequence Data points, For time warping mapping functions, The similarity distance between two sequences is given by... When the threshold of the formation interface is exceeded, it is determined to be a formation interface; Downhole measurement tools are used to measure drilling time, downhole power generation and transmission, borehole diameter and borehole inclination azimuth, so as to accurately determine the relationship between the borehole trajectory and the formation dip in complex structural zones or directional drilling processes. The downhole measurement and control device is connected to the drilling fluid monitoring device, drill bit pressure monitoring device, drill pressure and torque monitoring device, and downhole measurement tool signal. It is used to receive parameters measured by each device, process and store the parameters, and automatically optimize the sampling frequency and measurement accuracy of each monitoring device based on the real-time multi-source data. When the strata are complex, the data change rate is high, or an abnormal parameter warning occurs, the sampling frequency of the corresponding monitoring device is increased to obtain detailed data; conversely, the sampling frequency is reduced to reduce energy consumption and data redundancy, so as to achieve a dynamic balance between data acquisition accuracy and system load. The automatic optimization of the sampling frequency and measurement accuracy of each monitoring device based on real-time multi-source data employs the following adaptive adjustment method based on fuzzy control: ； In the formula, The new sampling frequency after adjustment The old sampling frequency before adjustment. It is calculated based on the current data change rate and the fuzzy rules of system load; Through the logical chain of "data-driven - result feedback - parameter optimization", a complete measurement algorithm system adapted to complex downhole working conditions is formed, realizing the upgrade from "passive monitoring" to "active judgment - adaptive optimization".

2. The instrument for downhole drilling measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drilling fluid monitoring device includes: The drilling fluid parameter measurement components include drilling fluid flow rate measurement pipes, drilling fluid velocity measurement pipes, drilling fluid viscosity measurement pipes, drilling fluid density measurement pipes, drilling fluid sand content measurement pipes, and drilling fluid gas methane concentration measurement pipes. The drilling fluid data acquisition unit is installed on the drilling fluid parameter measurement component. It includes a flow sensor, a flow velocity sensor, a viscosity sensor, a density sensor, a sand content sensor, and a methane gas concentration sensor, which are respectively connected to the drilling fluid flow rate measurement pipe, the drilling fluid velocity measurement pipe, the drilling fluid viscosity measurement pipe, the drilling fluid density measurement pipe, the drilling fluid sand content measurement pipe, and the drilling fluid methane gas concentration measurement pipe. It is used to acquire drilling fluid flow rate, drilling fluid velocity, drilling fluid viscosity, drilling fluid density, drilling fluid sand content, and drilling fluid methane gas concentration data. The drilling fluid data transmission unit is connected to the drilling fluid data acquisition unit and is used to receive the data acquired by the drilling fluid data acquisition unit and output it to the ground signal receiving device.

3. An instrument for downhole drilling measurement according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drill bit pressure monitoring device includes: Drill bit pressure measurement assembly, including drill bit pressure measurement conduit; A drill bit pressure acquisition unit is installed on the drill bit pressure measurement assembly and includes a pressure sensor connected to the drill bit pressure measurement pipeline for acquiring pressure data of drilling fluid flowing through the drill bit. The drill bit pressure data transmission unit is connected to the drill bit pressure acquisition unit and is used to receive the data acquired by the drill bit pressure acquisition unit and output it to the ground signal receiving device.

4. An instrument for downhole drilling measurement according to claim 3, characterized in that, The drilling pressure and torque monitoring device includes: A rotating measuring component, connected to the drill bit, is used to measure the pressure and torque of the drill bit; A drilling pressure torque acquisition unit is installed on the rotating measurement component and is used to acquire drilling time data, borehole diameter and borehole inclination azimuth data generated by the rotation of the drill bit; A drill pressure torque data transmission unit is connected to the drill pressure torque acquisition unit and is used to receive the data acquired by the drill pressure torque acquisition unit and output it to the ground signal receiving device.

5. An instrument for downhole drilling measurement according to claim 4, characterized in that, The downhole measurement and control device includes: The core data acquisition unit is connected to the drill bit pressure monitoring device and the drill pressure and torque monitoring device to collect internal pressure and torque data of the drill bit. The data storage unit is connected to the core data acquisition unit and is used to receive and store the data acquired by the core data acquisition unit. The system control signal transmission unit is connected to the drilling fluid monitoring device and downhole measurement tools. It is used to transmit signals to the drilling fluid monitoring device and downhole measurement tools, receive data sent by the drilling fluid monitoring device and downhole measurement tools, and transmit the received data to the data storage unit.

6. An instrument for downhole drilling measurement according to claim 5, characterized in that, The downhole measurement unit also includes: The auxiliary data acquisition unit is installed on the rotary measuring component and is used to acquire drilling time data, downhole power generation and transmission, borehole diameter and borehole inclination azimuth data generated by the rotary measuring component. An auxiliary data transmission unit is connected to an auxiliary data acquisition unit. The auxiliary data transmission unit is used to transmit signals to the core data acquisition unit, receive data acquired by the core data acquisition unit, and transmit the received data to the data storage unit.

7. An intelligent measurement system, characterized in that, Includes the instrument for downhole drilling measurement as described in claim 6 and the surface system; The ground system includes a processor, a drilling fluid ground receiving unit, a drill bit pressure ground receiving unit, a comprehensive data ground receiving unit, and a control command ground transmission unit, wherein the drilling fluid ground receiving unit, the drill bit pressure ground receiving unit, and the comprehensive data ground receiving unit are located on the ground. The drilling fluid surface receiving unit is used to receive data sent by the drilling fluid data transmission unit, the drill bit pressure surface receiving unit is used to receive data sent by the drill bit pressure data transmission unit, and the integrated data surface receiving unit is used to receive data sent by the drilling pressure torque data transmission unit, the system control signal transmission unit, and the auxiliary data transmission unit.

8. The intelligent measurement system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The drilling fluid monitoring device, drill bit pressure monitoring device, drill pressure and torque monitoring device, downhole measurement and control device, drilling fluid data transmission unit, drill bit pressure data transmission unit, drill pressure and torque data transmission unit, system control signal transmission unit, auxiliary data transmission unit, drilling fluid surface receiving unit, drill bit pressure surface receiving unit, and integrated data surface receiving unit all use wireless communication for signal transmission. The surface system is communicatively connected to the drilling fluid monitoring device, the drill bit pressure monitoring device, the drilling pressure and torque monitoring device, and the downhole measurement and control device.

9. The intelligent measurement system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The drilling fluid surface receiving unit, drill bit pressure surface receiving unit, integrated data surface receiving unit, and control command surface transmission unit are all connected to the processor input terminal of the surface system to transmit drilling fluid parameters, drill bit pressure parameters, drilling pressure, torque, and drilling time data to the processor. The processor processes the data, outputs drilling pressure and torque control data, and controls the drilling pressure and torque adjustment of the drill bit through the downhole measurement and control device.

10. The intelligent measurement system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The signals received by the drilling fluid ground receiving unit, drill bit pressure ground receiving unit, integrated data ground receiving unit, and control command ground transmission unit, as well as the control data processed by the ground system processor, are all transmitted to the ground via signal line transmission.

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