Multi-redundant space nuclear power source composite thermoelectric conversion system

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-redundancy space nuclear power source composite thermoelectric conversion system, and belongs to the field of space power generation. The problem that a detector cannot work normally due to the fact that a liquid pump of a traditional space nuclear power system breaks down easily and a gas compressor of a closed Brayton system breaks down easily is solved. The system mainly comprises a closed Brayton system and a liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic power generation system, the closed Brayton system comprises a gas compressor, a generator, a turbine, a heat regenerator, a radiator and a semiconductor thermoelectric generator; the liquid magnetohydrodynamic power generation system comprises a nuclear reactor, a liquid metal pump, a gas-liquid separator, a magnetohydrodynamic nozzle, a gas-liquid two-phase mixing section and a magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel, the advantages of high output power, high system stability, long service time and the like of a space nuclear power source are effectively utilized, and the liquid magnetohydrodynamic power generation system is also suitable for space tasks such as deep space exploration and the like.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of space power generation, in particular to a multi-redundancy space nuclear power supply composite thermoelectric conversion system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Space exploration technology is one of the key elements to measure a country's comprehensive strength, and its development level largely reflects the country's competitiveness in the field of aerospace. In today's era of globalization, the competition in the field of aerospace is becoming more and more fierce, and the importance of space exploration technology is increasingly prominent. China's active exploration and continuous breakthroughs in the field of space exploration have important strategic significance for China's goal of becoming a space power.

[0003] The power supply in space missions mainly includes four types: chemical energy power supply, solar energy power supply, radioactive isotope power supply and space nuclear reactor power supply. Among them, the space nuclear power supply has the advantages of high output power, strong system stability and long use time, and is suitable for deep space exploration. The selection of the type of thermoelectric conversion of the nuclear reactor power supply is of great significance, and the type of the system determines the efficiency of energy utilization, the level of output power and the size of the overall system mass. Existing research shows that under the conditions of high reactor outlet temperature and high power demand, the scheme of coupling the Brayton cycle in the dynamic state with the reactor has greater advantages. However, for the coupled system, the compressor and the liquid metal pump are prone to failure, and they are of great significance to the stability and safety of the system operation, so corresponding emergency measures are needed.

[0004] In summary, the liquid pump of the traditional space nuclear power system is prone to failure, the compressor of the closed Brayton system is prone to failure, and the detector cannot work normally. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application is to solve the problem of the liquid pump of the traditional space nuclear power system being prone to failure, the compressor of the closed Brayton system being prone to failure, and the detector not being able to work normally.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present application is realized by the following technical scheme: Scheme one, the present application provides a multi-redundancy space nuclear power supply composite thermoelectric conversion system, which comprises a closed Brayton subsystem and a liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator subsystem. The closed Brayton subsystem comprises a compressor, a regenerator, a turbine, a radiator, a semiconductor thermoelectric generator and a generator, and the regenerator comprises a hot fluid channel and a cold fluid channel. The liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator subsystem comprises a liquid metal nozzle, a gas-liquid two-phase mixing section, a magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel, a gas-liquid two-phase separator, a liquid metal pump and a nuclear reactor. The outlet of the compressor is communicated with the cold fluid channel inlet of the regenerator, the cold fluid channel outlet of the regenerator is communicated with the gas channel inlet of the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section, the outlet of the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section is communicated with the MHD power generation channel inlet, the MHD power generation channel outlet is communicated with the gas-liquid two-phase separator inlet, the gas channel outlet of the gas-liquid two-phase separator is communicated with the turbine inlet, the turbine outlet is communicated with the hot fluid channel inlet of the regenerator, and the hot fluid channel outlet of the regenerator is communicated with the radiator inlet; the radiator outlet is communicated with the compressor inlet. The liquid channel outlet of the gas-liquid two-phase separator is communicated with the inlet of the liquid metal pump, the outlet of the liquid metal pump is communicated with the inlet of the cooling channel of the nuclear reactor, the outlet of the cooling channel of the nuclear reactor is communicated with the inlet of the liquid metal nozzle, the outlet of the liquid metal nozzle is communicated with the liquid channel inlet of the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section, the outlet of the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section is communicated with the MHD power generation channel inlet, the MHD power generation channel outlet is communicated with the gas-liquid two-phase separator inlet, and the liquid channel outlet of the gas-liquid two-phase separator is communicated with the inlet of the liquid metal pump.

[0007] Further, a preferred embodiment is provided, wherein the MHD power generation channel is externally mounted with a magnet.

[0008] Further, a preferred embodiment is provided, wherein the liquid metal nozzle sprays liquid metal into the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section for heat exchange.

[0009] Further, a preferred embodiment is provided, wherein the mass flow of the liquid metal is greater than the mass flow of the thermodynamic gas, so that the process in the power generation channel is considered as an isothermal process.

[0010] Further, a preferred embodiment is provided, wherein the inlet gas of the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section is a thermodynamic gas preheated to a first stage, and the outlet is a uniform mixture of thermodynamic gas and liquid metal.

[0011] Further, a preferred embodiment is provided, wherein the system further comprises a step of combining the closed Brayton sub-system and the liquid metal MHD power generation sub-system.

[0012] Further, a preferred embodiment is provided, wherein the system further comprises a semiconductor thermoelectric generator, which provides electric energy to the compressor and the liquid metal pump of the closed Brayton sub-system.

[0013] The present application has the following advantages: The multi-redundancy space nuclear power source composite heat-electricity conversion system combines the semiconductor thermoelectric generator with a coupling system, and can solve the problems of the liquid pump failure of the traditional space nuclear power system, the compressor failure of the closed Brayton system, and the failure of the detector to work normally. On one hand, when the liquid metal pump fails, the semiconductor thermoelectric generator provides electricity for the closed Brayton compressor, so that the thermodynamic gas still has a considerable speed to drive the liquid magnetic fluid to flow, thereby effectively cooling the nuclear reactor, and ensuring the safety of the detector equipment. On the other hand, when the compressor fails, the semiconductor thermoelectric generator provides electricity for the liquid metal pump, so that the liquid metal has a considerable speed to flow, successfully taking away the heat of the nuclear reactor, and preventing the core from melting.

[0014] The multi-redundancy space nuclear power source composite heat-electricity conversion system couples the liquid metal magnetic fluid generator with the closed Brayton power generation system, and the circulation system after coupling has a higher power generation capacity per unit mass flow of the thermodynamic working medium than the traditional closed Brayton cycle through the isothermal heat absorption and expansion process, thereby realizing the reduction of the specific mass of the power generation system.

[0015] The multi-redundancy space nuclear power source composite heat-electricity conversion system utilizes the semiconductor thermoelectric generator to provide electricity for the closed Brayton compressor, so that the thermodynamic gas still has a considerable speed to drive the liquid magnetic fluid to flow, thereby effectively cooling the nuclear reactor, solving the problem of the liquid metal pump failure, and ensuring the safety of the detector equipment.

[0016] The multi-redundancy space nuclear power source composite heat-electricity conversion system utilizes the semiconductor thermoelectric generator to provide electricity for the liquid metal pump, so that the liquid metal has a considerable speed to flow, successfully taking away the heat of the nuclear reactor, and then exchanging heat with the thermodynamic gas to make the thermodynamic gas expand and flow, thereby solving the problem of the compressor failure, and ensuring the operation of the closed Brayton system.

[0017] The multi-redundancy space nuclear power source composite heat-electricity conversion system effectively utilizes the advantages of high output power, strong system stability, and long service time of the space nuclear power source.

[0018] The multi-redundancy space nuclear power source composite heat-electricity conversion system is also applicable to space missions such as deep space exploration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 A structure diagram of the multi-redundancy space nuclear power source composite heat-electricity conversion system according to the first embodiment.

[0020] Among them, compressor 1, regenerator 2, turbine 3, radiator 4, semiconductor thermoelectric generator 5, liquid metal nozzle 6, gas-liquid two-phase mixing section 7, magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel 8, gas-liquid two-phase separator 9, liquid metal pump 10, nuclear reactor 11, and generator 12. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them.

[0022] Implementation Method 1: This implementation method proposes a multi-redundant space nuclear power source composite thermoelectric conversion system, which includes a closed Brayton subsystem and a liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic electron generation system. The closed Brayton subsystem includes a compressor 1, a regenerator 2, a turbine 3, a radiator 4, a semiconductor thermoelectric generator 5, and a generator 12. The regenerator 2 includes a hot fluid channel and a cold fluid channel. The liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic power generation system includes a liquid metal nozzle 6, a gas-liquid two-phase mixing section 7, a magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel 8, a gas-liquid two-phase separator 9, a liquid metal pump 10, and a nuclear reactor 11. The outlet of the compressor 1 is connected to the inlet of the cold fluid channel of the regenerator 2; the outlet of the cold fluid channel of the regenerator 2 is connected to the inlet of the gas channel of the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section 7; the outlet of the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section 7 is connected to the inlet of the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel 8; the outlet of the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel 8 is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid two-phase separator 9; the gas channel outlet of the gas-liquid two-phase separator 9 is connected to the inlet of the turbine 3; the outlet of the turbine 3 is connected to the inlet of the hot fluid channel of the regenerator 2; the outlet of the hot fluid channel of the regenerator 2 is connected to the inlet of the radiator 4; and the outlet of the radiator 4 is connected to the inlet of the compressor 1. The liquid channel outlet of the gas-liquid two-phase separator 9 is connected to the inlet of the liquid metal pump 10. The outlet of the liquid metal pump 10 is connected to the inlet of the cooling channel of the nuclear reactor 11. The outlet of the cooling channel of the nuclear reactor 11 is connected to the inlet of the liquid metal nozzle 6. The outlet of the liquid metal nozzle 6 is connected to the liquid channel inlet of the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section 7. The outlet of the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section 7 is connected to the inlet of the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel 8. The outlet of the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel 8 is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid two-phase separator 9. The liquid channel outlet of the gas-liquid two-phase separator 9 is connected to the inlet of the liquid metal pump 10.

[0023] Embodiment two, the embodiment is further limited to the multi-redundancy space nuclear power source composite thermoelectric conversion system of embodiment one, the magnet is also installed outside the magnetic fluid power generation channel 8.

[0024] Embodiment three, the embodiment is further limited to the multi-redundancy space nuclear power source composite thermoelectric conversion system of embodiment one, the liquid metal nozzle 6 sprays liquid metal into the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section 7 for heat exchange.

[0025] Embodiment four, the embodiment is further limited to the multi-redundancy space nuclear power source composite thermoelectric conversion system of embodiment one, the mass flow rate of the liquid metal is greater than the mass flow rate of the thermodynamic gas, which is considered as an isothermal process in the power generation channel 8.

[0026] Embodiment five, the embodiment is further limited to the multi-redundancy space nuclear power source composite thermoelectric conversion system of embodiment one, the inlet gas of the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section 7 is a preheated thermodynamic gas, and the outlet is a homogeneous mixture of thermodynamic gas-liquid metal.

[0027] Embodiment six, the embodiment is further limited to the multi-redundancy space nuclear power source composite thermoelectric conversion system of embodiment one, the system further includes the steps of combining the closed Brayton subsystem and the liquid metal magnetic fluid power generation subsystem.

[0028] Embodiment seven, the embodiment is further limited to the multi-redundancy space nuclear power source composite thermoelectric conversion system of embodiment one, the system further includes a semiconductor thermoelectric generator 5, which provides power to the closed Brayton subsystem compressor 1 and the liquid metal pump 10.

[0029] Embodiment eight, the embodiment is used to explain the above embodiments one to seven, which is specifically: Referring to Figure 1 The embodiment is described with reference to Figure 1 A multi-redundancy space nuclear power source composite thermoelectric conversion system includes a closed Brayton system and a liquid metal magnetic fluid power generation system.

[0030] The closed Brayton system includes a compressor 1, a regenerator 2, a turbine 3, a radiator 4, a semiconductor thermoelectric generator 5, and a generator 12, the regenerator 2 includes a hot fluid channel and a cold fluid channel.

[0031] The liquid magnetic fluid power generation system includes a liquid metal nozzle 6, a gas-liquid two-phase mixing section 7, a magnetic fluid power generation channel 8, a gas-liquid two-phase separator 9, a liquid metal pump 10, and a nuclear reactor 11.

[0032] The outlet of the compressor 1 is in communication with the cold fluid passage inlet of the regenerator 2, the cold fluid passage outlet of the regenerator 2 is in communication with the gas passage inlet of the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section 7, the outlet of the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section 7 is in communication with the inlet of the magnetic fluid power generation passage 8, the outlet of the magnetic fluid power generation passage 8 is in communication with the inlet of the gas-liquid two-phase separator 9, the gas passage outlet of the gas-liquid two-phase separator 9 is in communication with the inlet of the turbine 3, the outlet of the turbine 3 is in communication with the hot fluid passage inlet of the regenerator 2, the hot fluid passage outlet of the regenerator 2 is in communication with the inlet of the radiator 4, and the outlet of the radiator 4 is in communication with the inlet of the compressor 1.

[0033] The liquid passage outlet of the gas-liquid two-phase separator 9 is in communication with the inlet of the liquid metal pump 10, the outlet of the liquid metal pump 10 is in communication with the inlet of the cooling passage of the nuclear reactor 11, the outlet of the cooling passage of the nuclear reactor 11 is in communication with the inlet of the liquid metal nozzle 6, the outlet of the liquid metal nozzle 6 is in communication with the liquid passage inlet of the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section 7, the outlet of the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section 7 is in communication with the inlet of the magnetic fluid power generation passage 8, the outlet of the magnetic fluid power generation passage 8 is in communication with the inlet of the gas-liquid two-phase separator 9, and the liquid passage outlet of the gas-liquid two-phase separator 9 is in communication with the inlet of the liquid metal pump 10.

[0034] The multi-redundancy space nuclear power source composite thermoelectric conversion system provided by the application has the following working process: The thermodynamic gas compressed by the compressor 1 enters the cold fluid passage of the regenerator 2 to absorb heat, then enters the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section 7 to mix with the liquid metal to absorb heat, forms a uniform two-phase mixture, the mixture enters the magnetic fluid power generation passage 8 to generate electricity under the action of an external magnetic field, and then enters the gas-liquid two-phase separator 9 to separate the gas and the liquid.

[0035] The separated thermodynamic gas enters the turbine 3 to expand and do work, the turbine 3 drives the generator 12 to work and generate electricity, the thermodynamic gas after doing work enters the hot fluid passage of the regenerator 2 to release heat, then enters the radiator 4 to release heat again, and finally returns to the compressor 1 to form a closed system.

[0036] The separated liquid metal enters the cooling passage of the nuclear reactor through the suction of the liquid metal pump 10 to cool the nuclear reactor, then is sprayed into the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section 7 through the liquid metal nozzle 6 to form a closed system.

[0037] When the liquid metal pump 10 fails, the semiconductor thermoelectric generator 5 provides power supply for the closed Brayton medium-pressure compressor 1 to ensure that the thermodynamic gas still has a considerable speed to drive the liquid magnetic fluid to flow, thereby effectively cooling the nuclear reactor 11 and ensuring the safety of the detector equipment.

[0038] In the event of a failure of the pressurized gas blower 1, the semiconductor thermoelectric generator 5 provides power to the liquid metal pump 10 to ensure that the liquid metal flows at a sufficient speed to successfully remove the heat from the nuclear reactor 11 and to expand the thermodynamic gas through heat exchange with the liquid metal to ensure the operation of the closed Brayton cycle.

[0039] Those skilled in the art can understand that the above description is merely preferred embodiments of the present application, and the features described in various embodiments of the present disclosure and / or claims can be combined or integrated in various combinations or integrations, even if such combinations or integrations are not explicitly described in the present disclosure. It is not intended to limit the present application, although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. For those skilled in the art, the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified, or some technical features can be replaced by equivalent ones, as long as they are within the spirit and principle of the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

[0040] Although preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art can make further changes and modifications to these embodiments once they know the basic inventive concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present application. Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and changes of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is also intended to include these modifications and changes.

Claims

1. A multi-redundant space nuclear power source combined thermoelectric conversion system, characterized in that, The system includes a closed Brayton subsystem and a liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic electron generation system; The closed Brayton subsystem includes a compressor (1), a regenerator (2), a turbine (3), a radiator (4), a semiconductor thermoelectric generator (5), and a generator (12). The regenerator (2) includes a hot fluid channel and a cold fluid channel. The liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic power generation system includes a liquid metal nozzle (6), a gas-liquid two-phase mixing section (7), a magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel (8), a gas-liquid two-phase separator (9), a liquid metal pump (10), and a nuclear reactor (11); The outlet of the compressor (1) is connected to the inlet of the cold fluid channel of the regenerator (2), the outlet of the cold fluid channel of the regenerator (2) is connected to the inlet of the gas channel of the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section (7), the outlet of the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section (7) is connected to the inlet of the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel (8), the outlet of the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel (8) is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid two-phase separator (9), the outlet of the gas channel of the gas-liquid two-phase separator (9) is connected to the inlet of the turbine (3), the outlet of the turbine (3) is connected to the inlet of the hot fluid channel of the regenerator (2), the outlet of the hot fluid channel of the regenerator (2) is connected to the inlet of the radiator (4); the outlet of the radiator (4) is connected to the inlet of the compressor (1). The liquid channel outlet of the gas-liquid two-phase separator (9) is connected to the inlet of the liquid metal pump (10), the outlet of the liquid metal pump (10) is connected to the inlet of the cooling channel of the nuclear reactor (11), the outlet of the cooling channel of the nuclear reactor (11) is connected to the inlet of the liquid metal nozzle (6), the outlet of the liquid metal nozzle (6) is connected to the liquid channel inlet of the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section (7), the outlet of the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section (7) is connected to the inlet of the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel (8), the outlet of the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel (8) is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid two-phase separator (9), and the liquid channel outlet of the gas-liquid two-phase separator (9) is connected to the inlet of the liquid metal pump (10).

2. The multi-redundant space nuclear power composite thermoelectric conversion system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Magnets are also installed on the outside of the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel (8).

3. The multi-redundant space nuclear power composite thermoelectric conversion system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid metal nozzle (6) injects liquid metal into the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section (7) for heat exchange.

4. The multi-redundant space nuclear power composite thermoelectric conversion system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass flow rate of the liquid metal is greater than that of the thermodynamic gas, and is therefore considered as an isothermal process in the power generation channel (8).

5. The multi-redundant space nuclear power composite thermoelectric conversion system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas inlet of the gas-liquid two-phase mixing section (7) is a thermodynamic gas and liquid metal after primary preheating, and the outlet is a uniform two-phase mixture of thermodynamic gas and liquid metal.

6. The multi-redundant space nuclear power composite thermoelectric conversion system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes the steps of using a closed Brayton subsystem and a liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) electron generation system.

7. The multi-redundant space nuclear power composite thermoelectric conversion system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a semiconductor thermoelectric generator (5) that provides electrical energy to the compressor (1) and liquid metal pump (10) in the closed Brayton subsystem.

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