A base station antenna

Abstract

The application provides a base station antenna, and relates to the technical field of communication.The base station antenna comprises a first antenna plate and a second antenna plate, the first antenna plate comprises a first dielectric substrate, a first metal ground plate and a first antenna assembly, the first antenna assembly comprises a ring-shaped patch, a plurality of first microstrip lines and a second microstrip line, the plurality of first microstrip lines are arranged on both sides of a center line of the first dielectric substrate, and the second microstrip line connects the plurality of first microstrip lines and the ring-shaped patch; the second antenna plate comprises a second dielectric substrate, a second metal ground plate and a second antenna assembly, the second antenna assembly comprises a third microstrip line, a plurality of fourth microstrip lines and a microstrip slot line, the third microstrip line is provided with a feeding structure, a coupling slot line is arranged on the second metal ground plate and is connected with the third microstrip line and the plurality of fourth microstrip lines respectively.The base station antenna provided by the application has the advantages of high frequency decoupling capability, bandwidth expansion, low system complexity and compact structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a base station antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Base station antennas convert guided waves propagating on transmission lines and electromagnetic waves radiated in space into each other to transmit and receive signals, ultimately achieving network signal coverage within a certain area.

[0003] Traditional base station antennas often generate unwanted harmonics during operation, interfering with the signals of other components and leading to a series of problems such as electromagnetic interference and radiation loss. To address this issue, the conventional approach used in academia and industry is to cascade filters with antennas using RF adapters. However, while this approach solves the harmonic problem and achieves inter-frequency decoupling between antennas, the separate cascading of the RF adapter, filter, and antenna also introduces new problems such as communication link loss, increased system complexity, and additional space requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, this application provides a base station antenna that has the advantages of high inter-frequency decoupling capability and extended bandwidth, as well as smooth communication link and low system complexity. The principle is clear and the structure is compact.

[0005] This application provides a base station antenna, comprising: a first antenna plate and a second antenna plate arranged opposite to each other along a first direction, wherein...

[0006] The first antenna board includes:

[0007] First dielectric substrate;

[0008] A first metal ground plane is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate facing the second antenna plate;

[0009] A first antenna assembly is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate facing away from the first metal ground plane. The first antenna assembly includes:

[0010] A ring-shaped patch is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate opposite to the first metal ground plane;

[0011] Multiple first microstrip lines are disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate opposite to the first metal ground plane. The first microstrip lines are disposed in the inner region enclosed by the annular patch. The multiple first microstrip lines are distributed on both sides of the center line of the first dielectric substrate.

[0012] A second microstrip line is disposed along the center line, and multiple first microstrip lines are connected to the annular patch.

[0013] The second antenna plate includes:

[0014] Second dielectric substrate;

[0015] The second metal ground plane is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate facing away from the first antenna plate and is connected to the first metal ground plane;

[0016] The second antenna assembly includes:

[0017] A third microstrip line is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate facing away from the second metal ground plane, and the third microstrip line is provided with a power feeding structure;

[0018] Multiple fourth microstrip lines are corresponding one-to-one with and connected to multiple first microstrip lines;

[0019] The coupling groove is formed on the second metal ground plane and is connected to the third microstrip line and the plurality of fourth microstrip lines respectively.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the annular patch is in the shape of a square ring.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the first microstrip line is a stepped impedance structure, and the first microstrip line is configured to have the same or similar resonant frequency as the annular patch.

[0022] In one possible implementation, a plurality of the first microstrip lines are symmetrically distributed about the centerline of the annular patch, and the annular patch and the first microstrip lines are configured to form a virtual electric wall at the second microstrip lines when the base station antenna is operating.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the plurality of first microstrip lines are divided into two groups, which are symmetrically distributed about the center line of the annular patch, and each group has a plurality of first microstrip lines distributed along the center line.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the number of the first microstrip lines is 4n, where n is an integer and n≥1.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the base station antenna also includes:

[0026] Multiple first short-circuit posts are distributed circumferentially along the second antenna plate. The first short-circuit posts pass through the second dielectric substrate, and their two ends are respectively connected to the first metal ground plane and the second metal ground plane.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the plurality of the first short-circuit posts are centrally symmetrically distributed about the center point of the second antenna plate.

[0028] In one possible implementation, the base station antenna also includes:

[0029] A glass insulating element corresponds one-to-one with the first microstrip line. The glass insulating element passes through the first dielectric substrate and the first metal ground plane. The two ends of the glass insulating element are respectively connected to the first microstrip line and the fourth microstrip line.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the first microstrip line is provided with a first coupling groove, and the glass insulator is coupled to the first microstrip line through the first coupling groove.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the plurality of glass insulators are centrally symmetrically distributed about the center point of the first antenna plate.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the second antenna board further includes:

[0033] There are multiple second short-circuit pillars, each penetrating the second dielectric substrate. A portion of each second short-circuit pillar connects the third microstrip line to the second metal ground plane, while the remaining portion connects the fourth microstrip line to the second metal ground plane.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the first dielectric substrate and the first metal ground plane are bonded together; and / or, the second dielectric substrate and the second metal ground plane are bonded together.

[0035] In one possible implementation, the first metal floor is at least one of a copper plate and an aluminum plate; and / or, the second metal floor is at least one of a copper plate and an aluminum plate.

[0036] In one possible implementation, the first dielectric substrate and / or the second dielectric substrate may be copper-clad laminates.

[0037] The base station antenna provided in this application has a first antenna board consisting of a ring-shaped patch and a first microstrip line, forming a ring-shaped microstrip patch antenna. The second antenna board is designed with a 1-to-4 microstrip-to-slot-to-microstrip feed network consisting of a third microstrip line, a fourth microstrip line, and a coupled slot line.

[0038] During signal transmission, the radio frequency signal generated by the signal source first enters the circuit through the feeding structure of the third microstrip line. Subsequently, the input radio frequency signal is transmitted on the third microstrip line, and the signal power is distributed to multiple fourth microstrip lines through the coupling effect of the coupling slot line.

[0039] In this process, the radio frequency signal undergoes a transition from microstrip to slot line (i.e., from the third microstrip line to the coupled slot line) to achieve precise power distribution, forming a pair of equal-amplitude, in-phase signals that are fed into the coupled slot line. During this process, the constant 180° phase inversion at both ends of the coupled slot line splits this power-divided signal into two sets of equal-amplitude, in-phase signals. These signals then pass through a transition from slot line to microstrip (i.e., from the coupled slot line to the fourth microstrip line), and are guided by the fourth microstrip line to finally feed the signal into the first antenna board, thus powering the antenna.

[0040] On the first antenna board, multiple first microstrip lines receive signals from the second antenna board. The signals first excite the first microstrip lines, and then couple these signals to the annular patch via the second microstrip lines. After receiving the signals, the annular patch radiates the radio frequency signals as electromagnetic waves. These radiated electromagnetic waves propagate through space and are received by a distant receiving device.

[0041] As can be seen, the base station antenna provided in this application has dual functions of inter-frequency decoupling and bandwidth expansion. In this design, by using multi-point differential feeding technology, the required fundamental mode can be effectively excited and higher-order modes can be effectively eliminated, thereby realizing the inter-frequency decoupling and bandwidth expansion functions of the rectangular loop antenna and meeting the requirements of the N38 frequency band of the base station antenna.

[0042] Furthermore, the base station antenna provided in this application has a simple structure, which reduces the loss of the communication system and the difficulty of system integration. Compared with the prior art, it can reduce harmonic interference without the need to use a filter cascade, which solves the harmonic problem and eliminates the coupling problem between different frequency ports. In addition, it also realizes the expansion of bandwidth, so that the antenna has good radiation performance and impedance matching characteristics in a wider frequency range. Attached Figure Description

[0043] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 2 A top view of a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the scattering parameters and actual gain of a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 4 Radiation patterns of the main polarization and cross polarization of the base station antenna provided in this application when the resonant point is located at 2.58 GHz;

[0048] Figure 5 Radiation patterns of the main polarization and cross polarization of the base station antenna provided in this application when the resonant point is located at 2.58 GHz;

[0049] Figure 6 Radiation patterns of the main polarization and cross polarization of the base station antenna provided in this application when the resonant point is located at 2.62 GHz;

[0050] Figure 7 The radiation pattern of the main polarization and cross polarization of the base station antenna provided in this application when the resonant point is located at 2.62 GHz.

[0051] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0052] 100 - First antenna board; 110 - First dielectric substrate; 120 - First metal ground plane; 130 - First antenna assembly; 131 - Annular patch; 132 - First microstrip line; 1321 - First coupling slot; 133 - Second microstrip line;

[0053] 200 - Second antenna board; 210 - Second dielectric substrate; 220 - Second metal ground plane; 230 - Second antenna assembly; 231 - Third microstrip line; 232 - Fourth microstrip line; 233 - Coupling slot line; 240 - Second short-circuit post;

[0054] 300-feed structure;

[0055] 400 - First short-circuit post;

[0056] 500 - Glass insulation.

[0057] The accompanying drawings illustrate specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to particular embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0058] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the embodiments of this application more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0059] Base station antennas convert guided waves propagating on transmission lines and electromagnetic waves radiated in space into each other to transmit and receive signals, ultimately achieving network signal coverage within a certain area.

[0060] In existing technologies, quasi-isotropic antennas are typically relatively complex in construction and have high height requirements. However, utilizing the magnetic wall radiation characteristics of substrate integrated waveguides allows for the design of simple, low-profile, planar wide-beam antennas. In practical applications, due to the diversity of operating modes and frequencies of substrate integrated waveguide antennas, communication systems integrated with RF transceiver modules are often challenged by harmonic interference, causing interference to the signals of other components and leading to a series of problems such as electromagnetic interference and radiation loss. To address this challenge, traditional designs typically employ cascading with filters to reduce harmonic interference.

[0061] However, while this approach can solve the harmonic problem and thus achieve inter-frequency decoupling between antennas, the cascaded arrangement of RF adapters, filters, and antennas also introduces new problems such as communication link loss, increased system complexity, and additional space requirements. Furthermore, traditional base station antennas suffer from narrow bandwidth, impacting system performance.

[0062] In view of this, this application provides a base station antenna in which, during signal transmission, the radio frequency signal generated by the signal source first enters the circuit through the feeding structure of the third microstrip line, and then the input radio frequency signal is transmitted on the third microstrip line. Through the coupling effect of the coupling slot line, the signal power is distributed to multiple fourth microstrip lines.

[0063] In this process, the radio frequency signal undergoes a transition from microstrip to slot line (i.e., from the third microstrip line to the coupled slot line) to achieve precise power distribution, forming a pair of equal-amplitude, in-phase signals, which are then fed into the coupled slot line. During this process, the constant 180° phase inversion at both ends of the coupled slot line is utilized to split this pair of power-divided signals into two sets of equal-amplitude, in-phase signals. These signals then pass through a transition from slot line to microstrip (i.e., from the coupled slot line to the fourth microstrip line), and are guided by the fourth microstrip line to finally feed the signals into the first antenna plate, thus powering the antenna.

[0064] On the first antenna board, multiple first microstrip lines receive signals from the second antenna board. The signals first excite the first microstrip lines, and then couple these signals to the annular patch via the second microstrip lines. After receiving the signals, the annular patch radiates the radio frequency signals as electromagnetic waves. These radiated electromagnetic waves propagate through space and are received by a distant receiving device.

[0065] As can be seen, the base station antenna provided in this application has dual functions of inter-frequency decoupling and bandwidth expansion. In this design, by using multi-point differential feeding technology, the required fundamental mode can be effectively excited and higher-order modes can be effectively eliminated, thereby realizing the inter-frequency decoupling and bandwidth expansion functions of the rectangular loop antenna and meeting the requirements of the N38 frequency band of the base station antenna.

[0066] Furthermore, the base station antenna provided in this application has a simple structure, which reduces the loss of the communication system and the difficulty of system integration. Compared with the prior art, it can reduce harmonic interference without the need to use a filter cascade, which solves the harmonic problem and eliminates the coupling problem between different frequency ports. In addition, it also realizes the expansion of bandwidth, so that the antenna has good radiation performance and impedance matching characteristics in a wider frequency range.

[0067] In addition, compared to the traditional design of cascading RF adapters and filters with antennas, this solution reduces communication link losses, reduces system complexity, and avoids the problem of additional space occupation caused by setting up unnecessary equipment other than wires.

[0068] The following is for reference. Figures 1-7 Describes a base station antenna according to an embodiment of this application.

[0069] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The base station antenna in this embodiment may include a first antenna plate 100 and a second antenna plate 200 arranged opposite to each other along a first direction. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The z-direction can be the first direction.

[0070] The first antenna board 100 includes a first dielectric substrate 110, a first metal ground plane 120, and a first antenna assembly 130. The first dielectric substrate 110 serves as the basic support structure for the antenna and provides a mounting platform for the antenna assembly. The first metal ground plane 120 is located on the side of the first dielectric substrate 110 facing the second antenna board 200 and can serve as a reflective surface for the antenna, enhancing its radiation performance.

[0071] The first antenna assembly 130 is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 110 facing away from the first metal ground plane 120. The first antenna assembly 130 includes an annular patch 131, a plurality of first microstrip lines 132 and second microstrip lines 133.

[0072] The annular patch 131 is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 110 opposite to the first metal ground plane 120, and is suitable for radiating and receiving electromagnetic waves. A plurality of first microstrip lines 132 are disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 110 opposite to the first metal ground plane 120. The first microstrip lines 132 are located within the inner region enclosed by the annular patch 131, and are distributed on both sides of the center line of the first dielectric substrate 110. The first microstrip lines 132 serve to transmit signals and couple with the annular patch 131.

[0073] The second microstrip line 133 is arranged along the center line and connects multiple first microstrip lines 132 to the annular patch 131. The second microstrip line 133 plays the role of signal distribution and coupling. By arranging the second microstrip line 133 along the center line of the first metal ground plane 120, it is ensured that the signal can uniformly excite the annular patch 131.

[0074] In addition, the second antenna board 200 includes a second dielectric substrate 210, a second metal ground plane 220, and a second antenna assembly 230. The second dielectric substrate 210 also serves as the basic support structure for the antenna. The second metal ground plane 220 is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 210 facing away from the first antenna board 100 and is connected to the first metal ground plane 120. The second metal plate and the first metal plate help to form an integral reflective surface, enhancing the radiation efficiency of the antenna.

[0075] The second antenna assembly 230 includes a third microstrip line 231, a plurality of fourth microstrip lines 232, and a coupling slot line 233.

[0076] The third microstrip line 231 is located on the side of the second dielectric substrate 210 facing away from the second metal ground plane 220. The third microstrip line 231 has a feed structure 300, which can optionally be a feed probe. The third microstrip line 231 forms the input terminal of the antenna through the feed structure 300, responsible for receiving and transmitting radio frequency signals. Multiple fourth microstrip lines 232 correspond one-to-one with and are connected to multiple first microstrip lines 132. The multiple fourth microstrip lines 232 serve the functions of signal transmission and coupling with the first antenna board 100.

[0077] The coupling slot line 233 is formed on the second metal ground plane 220 and is connected to the third microstrip line 231 and multiple fourth microstrip lines 232 respectively. The coupling slot line 233 serves as a signal transmission channel. Through the phase-inverting characteristics at both ends, it realizes the power distribution and phase adjustment of the signal, thereby realizing the feeding of the upper antenna.

[0078] As can be seen, the first antenna board 100, i.e. the upper antenna, is a ring microstrip patch antenna composed of a ring patch 131 and a first microstrip line 132. The second antenna board 200, i.e. the lower antenna, is designed with a 1-to-4 microstrip to slot line to microstrip feed network composed of a third microstrip line 231, a fourth microstrip line 232 and a coupling slot line 233.

[0079] Specifically, during signal transmission, the radio frequency signal generated by the signal source first enters the circuit through the feeding structure 300 of the third microstrip line 231. Subsequently, the input radio frequency signal is transmitted on the third microstrip line 231, and the signal power is distributed to multiple fourth microstrip lines 232 through the coupling effect of the coupling slot line 233.

[0080] In this process, the RF signal undergoes a transition from microstrip to slot line, specifically from the third microstrip line 231 to the coupled slot line 233, to achieve precise power distribution and form a pair of equal-amplitude, in-phase signals, which are then fed into the coupled slot line 233. During this process, the constant 180° phase inversion at both ends of the coupled slot line 233 is utilized to split this pair of power-divided signals into two sets of equal-amplitude, in-phase signals. These signals then undergo a transition from slot line to microstrip, specifically from the coupled slot line 233 to the fourth microstrip line 232. Guided by the fourth microstrip line 232, the signals are ultimately fed into the first antenna plate 100, thus powering the antenna.

[0081] On the first antenna board 100, multiple first microstrip lines 132 receive signals from the second antenna board 200. Specifically, the signals first excite the first microstrip lines 132, and then couple these signals to the annular patch 131 via second microstrip lines 133. Upon receiving the signals, the annular patch 131 radiates the radio frequency signals as electromagnetic waves. These radiated electromagnetic waves propagate through space and are received by a distant receiving device.

[0082] As can be seen, the base station antenna provided in this application has dual functions of inter-frequency decoupling and bandwidth expansion. In this design, by using multi-point differential feeding technology, the required fundamental mode can be effectively excited and higher-order modes can be effectively eliminated, thereby realizing the inter-frequency decoupling and bandwidth expansion functions of the rectangular loop antenna and meeting the requirements of the N38 frequency band of the base station antenna.

[0083] Furthermore, the base station antenna provided in this application has a simple structure, which reduces the loss of the communication system and the difficulty of system integration. Compared with the prior art, it can reduce harmonic interference without the need to use a filter cascade, which solves the harmonic problem and eliminates the coupling problem between different frequency ports. In addition, it also realizes the expansion of bandwidth, so that the antenna has good radiation performance and impedance matching characteristics in a wider frequency range.

[0084] In addition, compared to the traditional design of cascading RF adapters and filters with antennas, this solution reduces communication link losses, reduces system complexity, and avoids the problem of additional space occupation caused by setting up unnecessary equipment other than wires.

[0085] Optional, combined Figure 1 and Figure 2 Both the first dielectric substrate 110 and the first metal ground plane 120 are rectangular. Optionally, both the second dielectric substrate 210 and the second metal ground plane 220 are rectangular.

[0086] Optionally, the resonator (i.e., the ring patch 131) in this embodiment of the application may be a ring antenna structure, and its antenna type is a line antenna.

[0087] The base station antenna in this application embodiment has inter-frequency isolation capability. When the base station antenna is working, its higher harmonics are effectively suppressed. Therefore, outside the main mode operating frequency, it can be protected from signal interference from other interference sources through higher harmonics.

[0088] This inter-frequency isolation capability is achieved through the analysis of the mode resonance characteristics of the resonator and the design of a predetermined feed network. Specifically, in the construction of the feed network, the base station antenna of this application first converts the unbalanced signal into a one-to-two equal-amplitude in-phase power divider signal through a transition structure from microstrip line to slot line (such as the third microstrip line 231 to the coupled slot line 233). On this basis, the divided equal-amplitude in-phase power divider signal is then converted into two sets of balanced signals through a balun (i.e., unbalanced signal to balanced signal conversion) conversion method from slot line to microstrip line (such as the coupled slot line 233 to the fourth microstrip line 232). The signals are then fed into the first antenna board 100 to realize the feeding of the antenna.

[0089] Furthermore, the base station antenna in this embodiment adopts a multi-point differential feeding method (four differential feeding points corresponding to two sets of differential signals) to excite the loop antenna (i.e., the ring patch 131). While realizing the main mode radiation of the antenna, the suppression of higher-order modes is simultaneously realized. The higher-order harmonics in the loop antenna (i.e., the ring patch 131) are suppressed by the one-to-four multi-point differential feeding technology, thereby realizing the inter-frequency isolation capability of the antenna.

[0090] In addition, the antenna bandwidth extension in this application is achieved by directly connecting the microstrip resonator (i.e., the first microstrip line 132) inside the loop antenna (i.e., the loop patch 131) to the loop antenna (i.e., the loop patch 131) through the second microstrip line 133, thereby realizing electromagnetic coupling between resonators in the same layer and thus extending the operating bandwidth. The two resonators (i.e., the loop patch 131 and the first microstrip line 132) have the characteristics of being in the same layer and directly physically connected.

[0091] In some embodiments, the first dielectric substrate 110 and the first metal ground plane 120 are bonded together. In other embodiments, the second dielectric substrate 210 and the second metal ground plane 220 are bonded together.

[0092] In some embodiments, the first dielectric substrate 110 and the first metal ground plane 120 may also be bonded to the annular patch 131, the first microstrip line 132, and the second microstrip line 133. In other embodiments, the second dielectric substrate 210 and the second metal ground plane 220 may also be bonded to the third microstrip line 231 and the fourth microstrip line 232.

[0093] Optionally, the adhesive material may include epoxy resin, polyurethane, acrylate, etc. Optionally, the bonding method may include dispensing, coating, potting, etc., which can be selected according to the specific structure and requirements of the antenna.

[0094] Alternatively, the bonding method can also be welding.

[0095] Adhesive bonding technology can reduce impedance discontinuities at the connection points. It is understood that when components such as dielectric substrates, metal ground planes, and microstrip lines are connected by adhesives, the contact resistance and inductance between them are reduced, thereby reducing signal reflection and loss and improving the radiation efficiency and gain of the antenna.

[0096] In addition, the welding and conductive adhesive connection methods are relatively firm and are not prone to loosening or falling off, ensuring the stability and reliability of the antenna during use and avoiding performance degradation or failure due to loose connections.

[0097] In some embodiments, the first metal floor 120 is at least one of a copper plate and an aluminum plate. In other embodiments, the second metal floor 220 is at least one of a copper plate and an aluminum plate.

[0098] Optionally, the first metal floor 120 and / or the second metal floor 220 may also be copper-aluminum hybrid plates, and the specific mixing ratio can be selected according to actual needs.

[0099] Copper plates have good electrical and thermal conductivity as well as high mechanical strength, and can withstand greater tensile and compressive forces. Aluminum plates are lighter, cheaper, and have a smooth surface, which can reduce the reflection and scattering of electromagnetic waves and improve the gain and directivity of antennas.

[0100] In some embodiments, the first dielectric substrate 110 and / or the second dielectric substrate 210 may be copper-clad laminates.

[0101] For example, the first dielectric substrate 110 and the second dielectric substrate 210 can be made of flame-retardant copper clad laminate (i.e., FR-4).

[0102] FR-4 has good mechanical strength, can withstand large external forces, and is not easily deformed. FR-4 also has good flame retardancy and high safety. In addition, FR-4 has relatively stable dielectric constant and loss factor, which can make the signal attenuation and distortion during transmission less, thus improving the signal transmission quality.

[0103] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 The ring patch 131 is square-shaped. This design realizes that on the first antenna board 100, i.e. the upper layer, the ring patch 131 and the first microstrip line 132 form a rectangular ring microstrip patch antenna.

[0104] Analyzing the resonant modes on a rectangular ring can provide guidance for the implementation of inter-frequency decoupling. Specifically, by analyzing the resonant modes of the rectangular ring, we can understand the radiation characteristics and current distribution of the antenna at different frequencies, thus providing a foundation for the design of inter-frequency decoupling.

[0105] In some embodiments, the first microstrip line 132 is a stepped impedance structure, and the first microstrip line 132 is configured to have the same or similar resonant frequency as the annular patch 131.

[0106] Understandably, if the resonant frequency of the first microstrip line 132 differs significantly from the resonant frequency of the annular patch 131, it will affect the difficulty of impedance matching adjustment. By designing the first microstrip line 132 as a stepped impedance structure, and ensuring that its resonant frequency is the same as that of the annular patch 131, a stable operating frequency band can be formed, which helps to ensure that the antenna or circuit has preset performance within a specific frequency range.

[0107] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 Multiple first microstrip lines 132 are symmetrically distributed about the center line of the annular patch 131. The annular patch 131 and the first microstrip lines 132 are configured to form a virtual electric wall at the second microstrip line 133 when the base station antenna is working.

[0108] When operating in the fundamental mode, the second microstrip line 133 acts as a virtual electric wall. Thus, the electromagnetic field is effectively confined or reflected near the second microstrip line 133, thereby enhancing the coupling effect between the rectangular ring and the first microstrip line 132.

[0109] As can be seen, this design enhances the coupling effect of the rectangular annular patch 131, the first microstrip line 132, and the second microstrip line 133, which helps to improve the transmission efficiency and performance of the antenna or circuit. In addition, this design also ensures that the rectangular annular patch 131, the first microstrip line 132, and the second microstrip line 133 can be used for fine adjustment of the matching impedance without affecting the operation of their respective fundamental modes.

[0110] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 The multiple first microstrip lines 132 are divided into two groups, which are symmetrically distributed about the center line of the annular patch 131. The symmetrical distribution design helps to maintain the symmetry of the antenna structure and reduce unnecessary interference and loss. Each group has several first microstrip lines 132 distributed along the center line. The design of distribution along the center line can optimize the current distribution and radiation characteristics of the antenna or circuit.

[0111] Thus, the symmetrically distributed first microstrip lines 132 can enhance the coupling effect with the annular patch 131, improving the antenna's transmission efficiency and performance. Furthermore, more precise radiation control can be achieved by adjusting the number, position, and length of the first microstrip lines 132.

[0112] As can be seen, the design of dividing multiple first microstrip lines 132 into two groups and symmetrically distributing them about the center line of the annular patch 131 not only enhances the coupling effect and optimizes the radiation characteristics, but also improves impedance matching and bandwidth performance.

[0113] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 The number of first microstrip lines 132 is 4n, where n is an integer and n≥1. For example, the number of first microstrip lines 132 can be 4, 8, 16, etc. Optionally, the number of first microstrip lines 132 can be 4.

[0114] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 The aforementioned base station antenna also includes multiple first short-circuit posts 400. The multiple first short-circuit posts 400 are distributed circumferentially along the second antenna plate 200. The circumferentially distributed multiple first short-circuit posts 400 maintain the symmetry and balance of the antenna structure. The first short-circuit posts 400 are inserted through the second dielectric substrate 210, and the two ends of the first short-circuit posts 400 are respectively connected to the first metal ground plate 120 and the second metal ground plate 220.

[0115] The function of the first short-circuit post 400 is to provide a short-circuit path to connect the first metal ground 120 and the second metal ground 220 to achieve a common ground, so as to ensure that the upper and lower layers of the base station antenna along the first direction can work normally and improve the overall stability.

[0116] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 The multiple first short-circuit posts 400 are centrally symmetrical about the center point of the second line plate 200.

[0117] This design ensures the symmetry of the antenna structure. Symmetry helps reduce asymmetric radiation and interference generated during operation, thereby improving the antenna's performance stability and radiation efficiency. Furthermore, it enhances the mechanical stability of the antenna structure, helping to resist external stress and vibration, ensuring the antenna's reliability and durability during operation.

[0118] In addition, this design can extend the antenna's bandwidth, enabling it to cover a wider frequency range. It also helps improve the impedance matching accuracy between the antenna and the feed network, thereby reducing reflections and losses and improving signal transmission efficiency and quality.

[0119] Optionally, the electromagnetic performance of the antenna can be further optimized by controlling the number, position, and size of the first shorting posts 400. For example, adjusting the spacing and length of the first shorting posts 400 can change the impedance characteristics and radiation mode of the antenna to meet the performance requirements of specific application scenarios.

[0120] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 The aforementioned base station antenna also includes a glass insulator 500.

[0121] The glass insulator 500 corresponds one-to-one with the first microstrip line 132. The glass insulator 500 passes through the first dielectric substrate 110 and the first metal ground plane 120. The two ends of the glass insulator 500 are respectively connected to the corresponding first microstrip line 132 and fourth microstrip line 232.

[0122] The design of the glass insulator 500 allows signals to be transmitted from the first microstrip line 132 to the fourth microstrip line 232 through the glass insulator 500, realizing signal interconnection between the upper and lower layers, i.e., between the first antenna board 100 and the second antenna board 200. Furthermore, the one-to-one correspondence between the glass insulator 500 and the first microstrip line 132 ensures that each fourth microstrip line 232 has a dedicated signal transmission channel with its corresponding first microstrip line 132, avoiding interference and crosstalk between signals.

[0123] In addition, the glass insulator 500 provides mechanical support, enhancing the structural stability of the base station antenna.

[0124] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first microstrip line 132 is provided with a first coupling groove 1321, and the glass insulator 500 is coupled to the first microstrip line 132 through the first coupling groove 1321.

[0125] The design of the first coupling slot 1321 provides a coupling channel, enabling the glass insulator 500 to achieve effective electromagnetic coupling with the first microstrip line 132, thus realizing the effective transmission of signals between the microstrip line and the glass insulator 500, which is helpful for signal transmission and conversion.

[0126] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 Multiple glass insulating components 500 are centrally symmetrically distributed about the center point of the first antenna plate 100.

[0127] This design ensures the symmetry of the antenna structure, helping to reduce asymmetric radiation and interference generated during operation, thereby improving the antenna's performance stability and radiation efficiency. Furthermore, it enhances the mechanical stability of the antenna structure, helping to resist external stress and vibration, ensuring the antenna's reliability and durability during operation.

[0128] In addition, the bandwidth of the antenna can be extended to cover a wider frequency range. This design also helps to improve the impedance matching accuracy between the antenna and the feed network, reduce reflections and losses, and improve signal transmission efficiency and quality.

[0129] Optional, combined Figure 1 and Figure 2 Both the first antenna plate 100 and the second antenna plate 200 can be horizontally arranged, wherein multiple first short-circuit posts 400 and multiple glass insulators are symmetrical about the center in the horizontal plane.

[0130] Understandably, in multimode antenna design, the centrally symmetrically distributed first short-circuit post 400 and glass insulator help achieve matching between different modes, reduce inter-mode interference and crosstalk, and thus improve the overall performance of the antenna. Furthermore, the centrally symmetrically distributed first short-circuit post 400 and glass insulator also help reduce interference between different frequency bands, achieve inter-frequency decoupling, enhance the stability of the entire antenna system, and ensure that the antenna system maintains stable performance in complex environments.

[0131] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 The second day, line board 200 also includes a second short-circuit post 240.

[0132] There are multiple second short-circuit posts 240. The second short-circuit posts 240 penetrate the second dielectric substrate 210. Some of the multiple second short-circuit posts 240 are connected to the third microstrip line 231 and the second metal ground plane 220, and the remaining parts are connected to the fourth microstrip line 232 and the second metal ground plane 220.

[0133] The second shorting post 240 enables the coupled transmission of signals. First, the second shorting post 240 couples the signal on the third microstrip line 231 to the coupling slot line 233. Then, the second shorting post 240 couples the signal on the coupling slot line 233 to the fourth microstrip line 232. This coupling mechanism ensures the effective transmission of signals between the microstrip line and the slot line, while maintaining the compactness and integration of the structure.

[0134] in addition, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the scattering parameters and actual gain of the base station antenna provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0135] according to Figure 3 As can be seen, the -10 dB frequency coverage range of the base station antenna in this application is 2.57 to 2.64 GHz, which is roughly consistent with the spectrum range of the N38 base station (2.57 to 2.62 GHz), meaning that the base station antenna in this application is suitable for the field of base station communication. Furthermore, the base station antenna in this application forms a clear and wide stopband by suppressing a series of higher-order modes, extending to 3.07 times the operating frequency (f0). This means that the antenna maintains good performance over a wide frequency range, effectively improving inter-frequency decoupling capability. The actual gain curve further confirms this, showing that the maximum radiation direction of the antenna within the bandwidth exhibits a smooth curve, with the actual in-band gain remaining at 6.3 dBi.

[0136] Figure 4 The radiation pattern of the main polarization and cross polarization of the base station antenna provided in this application when the resonant point is located at 2.58 GHz; Figure 5 Radiation patterns of the main polarization and cross polarization of the base station antenna provided in this application when the resonant point is located at 2.58 GHz; Figure 6 The radiation pattern of the main polarization and cross polarization of the base station antenna provided in this application when the resonant point is located at 2.62 GHz; Figure 7 The radiation pattern of the main polarization and cross polarization of the base station antenna provided in this application when the resonant point is located at 2.62 GHz.

[0137] visible, Figures 4 to 7 Radiation diagrams of the base station antenna with E-plane (yoz plane) or H-plane (xoz plane) main polarization and cross polarization were plotted when the resonant point was located at 2.58 GHz or 2.62 GHz.

[0138] It can be seen that the maximum radiation direction of the base station antenna in this application is directly above the z-axis, and the cross-polarization suppression level in the maximum radiation direction reaches 30dB.

[0139] It should be noted that the embodiments referred to in the specification, such as "one embodiment," "embodiment," "exemplary embodiment," and "some embodiments," may include specific features, structures, or characteristics, but not every embodiment necessarily includes that specific feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Moreover, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments, whether explicitly described or not, is within the knowledge scope of those skilled in the art.

[0140] Generally speaking, terms should be understood at least in part by their use in context. For example, at least in part by context, the term "one or more" as used in the text can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic of the singular meaning, or a combination of features, structures, or characteristics of the plural meaning. Similarly, at least in part by context, terms such as "one" or "" can also be understood to convey either singular or plural usage.

[0141] It should be readily understood that the terms “on,” “above,” and “on top of” in this disclosure should be interpreted in the broadest possible sense, such that “on” means not only “directly on something” but also “on something” with an intermediate feature or layer therebetween, and that “above” or “on top of” means not only “on top of something” but also “on top of something” without an intermediate feature or layer therebetween (i.e., directly on something).

[0142] Furthermore, for ease of explanation, spatially relative terms such as "below," "below," "under," "above," and "above" may be used to describe the relationship of one element or feature relative to other elements or features as shown in the figures. Spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation other than those shown in the figures. The device may have other orientations (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptive terms used herein may be interpreted accordingly.

[0143] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A base station antenna, characterized by, Comprising: a first antenna plate (100) and a second antenna plate (200) oppositely arranged along a first direction, wherein, the first antenna plate (100) comprises: a first dielectric substrate (110); a first metal ground plate (120) provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate (110) facing the second antenna plate (200); a first antenna assembly (130) provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate (110) away from the first metal ground plate (120), the first antenna assembly (130) comprising: a ring-shaped patch (131) provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate (110) opposite to the first metal ground plate (120); a plurality of first microstrip lines (132) provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate (110) opposite to the first metal ground plate (120), the first microstrip lines (132) being provided in an internal region enclosed by the ring-shaped patch (131), and the plurality of first microstrip lines (132) being oppositely distributed on two sides of a center line of the first dielectric substrate (110); a second microstrip line (133) provided along the center line and connecting the plurality of first microstrip lines (132) and the ring-shaped patch (131); the second antenna plate (200) comprises: a second dielectric substrate (210); a second metal ground plate (220) provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate (210) away from the first antenna plate (100) and connected with the first metal ground plate (120); a second antenna assembly (230) comprising: a third microstrip line (231) provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate (210) away from the second metal ground plate (220), the third microstrip line (231) being provided with a feeding structure (300); a plurality of fourth microstrip lines (232) corresponding to and connected with the plurality of first microstrip lines (132) one by one; a coupling slot line (233) provided in the second metal ground plate (220) and connected with the third microstrip line (231) and the plurality of fourth microstrip lines (232) respectively.

2. The base station antenna of Claim 1, wherein, The ring-shaped patch (131) is square-shaped.

3. The base station antenna of Claim 2, wherein, The first microstrip line (132) is a stepped impedance structure, and the first microstrip line (132) is configured to have the same or similar resonant frequency as the ring-shaped patch (131).

4. The base station antenna of Claim 3, wherein, The plurality of first microstrip lines (132) are symmetrically distributed about the center line of the ring-shaped patch (131), and the ring-shaped patch (131) and the first microstrip line (132) are configured to form a virtual electric wall at the second microstrip line (133) when the base station antenna is working.

5. The base station antenna of Claim 4, wherein, The plurality of first microstrip lines (132) are divided into two groups, and the two groups are symmetrically distributed about the center line of the ring-shaped patch (131), and each group is provided with a plurality of first microstrip lines (132) distributed along the center line.

6. The base station antenna of Claim 5, wherein, The number of the first microstrip lines (132) is 4n, where n is an integer and n≥1.

7. The base station antenna of any of Claims 1-6, wherein, Further comprising: A plurality of first shorting posts (400) are distributed along the circumference of the second antenna plate (200), the first shorting posts (400) are disposed in the second dielectric substrate (210), and the two ends of the first shorting posts (400) are connected with the first metal ground plate (120) and the second metal ground plate (220) respectively.

8. The base station antenna of Claim 7, wherein, The plurality of first shorting posts (400) are centrally symmetrically distributed about the center point of the second antenna plate (200).

9. The base station antenna of any of Claims 1-6, wherein, Further comprising: A glass insulating piece (500) corresponding to the first microstrip line (132), the glass insulating piece (500) is disposed in the first dielectric substrate (110) and the first metal ground plate (120), and the two ends of the glass insulating piece (500) are connected with the first microstrip line (132) and the fourth microstrip line (232) respectively.

10. The base station antenna of Claim 9, wherein, The first microstrip line (132) is provided with a first coupling slot (1321), and the glass insulating piece (500) is coupled with the first microstrip line (132) through the first coupling slot (1321).

11. The base station antenna of Claim 9, wherein, The plurality of glass insulating pieces (500) are centrally symmetrically distributed about the center point of the first antenna plate (100).

12. The base station antenna of any of Claims 1-6, wherein, The second antenna plate (200) further comprises: A plurality of second shorting posts (240) are disposed in the second dielectric substrate (210), and part of the plurality of second shorting posts (240) connect the third microstrip line (231) with the second metal ground plate (220), and the rest of the plurality of second shorting posts (240) connect the fourth microstrip line (232) with the second metal ground plate (220).

13. The base station antenna of any of Claims 1-6, wherein, The first dielectric substrate (110) and the first metal ground plate (120) are bonded; and / or, the second dielectric substrate (210) and the second metal ground plate (220) are bonded.

14. The base station antenna of any of Claims 1-6, wherein, The first metal ground plate (120) is at least one of a copper plate and an aluminum plate; and / or, the second metal ground plate (220) is at least one of a copper plate and an aluminum plate.

15. The base station antenna of any of Claims 1-6, wherein, The first dielectric substrate (110) and / or the second dielectric substrate (210) can be a copper-clad plate.

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