Root grafting and expanding propagation method for defensive tea

Abstract

The invention discloses a root grafting propagation method for defensive tea, and belongs to the technical field of tea tree propagation. According to the root grafting cuttage propagation method, the seedling radicles of the good-variety tea trees about 3-6 months are used as stocks, green branches of the wild defencheng tea trees are used as scions, and the short cutting scions of the wild materials are accurately grafted to new roots of the good-variety tea trees, so that the propagation problem of the wild defencheng tea trees which are not easy to root during cuttage can be solved, and the survival rate of the wild defencheng tea trees is increased. Through fusion of the cutting branches and the new roots, the cutting cuttings of the wild tea trees can rapidly obtain nutritional support, and the survival rate of the cutting cuttings is greatly improved. The method provided by the invention provides technical support for field introduction and resource protection of the wild defensive tea, and is beneficial to promoting resource development of the defensive tea.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tea tree propagation, in particular to a Fangcheng tea root grafting propagation method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Fangcheng tea belongs to the Camellia genus of Theaceae, and was first discovered and named by Liang Shengye and Zhong Yecong of Guangxi Institute of Forestry Science in 1981. In the classification system of 12 species and 4 varieties of tea groups by Min Tianlu, it is independently named as a new tea species. In the 1980s and 1990s, through organized, planned and large-scale investigation and collection of wild tea germplasm resources in major tea-producing areas in China, it was found that Fangcheng tea is a unique resource in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which is significantly different from other tea group plants in botanical characteristics. Fangcheng tea has a narrow distribution area and is mainly distributed in the valley secondary forest of Huashi Town, Fangcheng Port City. The unique microclimate environment and continuous human disturbance in this area have led to a continuous decrease in the number of single plants in the natural population of Fangcheng tea. Fangcheng tea has been listed as a second-class protected plant in the National Key Protected Wild Plants List. The wild population of Fangcheng tea has seriously degraded and is at risk of endangerment, and urgent measures need to be taken to strengthen the rescue protection and development and utilization of Fangcheng tea.

[0003] The propagation of general clonal tea varieties mainly uses short-shoot cutting technology. Since its advent, this technology has been rapidly promoted due to its economic efficiency and is currently one of the most important tea propagation technologies in China and the world. Cutting includes sand cutting and water cutting, among which yellow soil cutting is more commonly used. Yellow soil cutting can maintain the characteristics of the mother plant, and has the characteristics of high number of seedlings per unit area, easy survival after transplanting, etc.

[0004] However, unlike the general cultivated tea varieties, the survival rate of wild tea trees such as Fangcheng tea is generally low, which restricts the resource protection and utilization. The low survival rate is mainly affected by the following factors: 1. Genetic and physiological characteristics: Wild tea trees are mostly old plants, with high degree of tissue aging and lignification, and the rooting ability of the cuttings is weak. In addition, some wild species rely more on seed propagation under natural conditions, and the adaptability of vegetative propagation is poor, resulting in low survival rate of cutting. 2. Hormone level and rooting mechanism: The endogenous auxin content of wild tea cutting is low, while the lignin and polyphenol content is high, which is not conducive to the formation of adventitious roots. The imbalance between auxin and cytokinin also inhibits the differentiation and growth of root primordia. 3. Tissue structure factors: The stem of the cutting is seriously lignified, the cortex is thick and the vessels are developed, which reduces the water absorption and root primordium differentiation ability. In addition, the cutting is prone to dehydration, and the cell activity decreases, which further affects the rooting. 4. Poor environmental adaptability: Wild tea trees grow in high mountains, limestone or shady and humid environments, and their requirements for temperature, humidity and light are strict. The difference between artificial cultivation environment and original environment also significantly reduces the survival rate of cuttings. 5. Disease and physiological stress: The cutting is prone to infection of fungi or bacteria, and the tissue is seriously brown, which is not conducive to rooting.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a breeding method suitable for wild Fangcheng tea resources. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a Fangcheng tea root grafting propagation method to solve the problems existing in the prior art. The present application establishes a root grafting cutting propagation method, which uses 3-6 month old seedling embryo roots of excellent tea varieties as rootstocks, and green branches of wild Fangcheng tea as cuttings. The short cutting of wild material is precisely grafted on the new root system of the excellent variety, which can solve the problem of wild Fangcheng tea tree propagation by cutting, and the fusion of cutting branches and new roots can quickly provide nutrition support for wild tea cutting, greatly improving the survival rate of cutting. The method of the present application provides technical support for the introduction and resource protection of wild Fangcheng tea in the wild, and is conducive to the development of Fangcheng tea resources.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following scheme:

[0008] The present application provides a Fangcheng tea root grafting propagation method, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Collection and treatment of cuttings: collect intact, full-bud, and healthy Fangcheng tea cutting; remove the tender and old parts, and retain 1 leaf and 1 axillary bud to obtain the cutting;

[0010] (2) Collection and treatment of rootstock: take 3-6 month old tea seedlings, cut the rootstock to obtain the rootstock;

[0011] (3) Grafting treatment: using cutting or wedge grafting method to fix the connection of the scion and the rootstock, and cutting off half of the leaf area of the scion to obtain the cutting;

[0012] (4) Cutting treatment: inserting the cutting into the nutrient medium, making the axillary bud exposed to the ground and the mother leaf not adhere to the ground.

[0013] Further, in step (1), the collection period of the shoot is when the new shoots of the Fangcheng tea tree appear light brown, the tissue begins to lignify, the terminal bud stops growing, and the axillary bud swells or germinates.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present application, the collected shoot should be transported back in time, preferably cutting the shoot on the same day and cutting on the same day; if the distance is far from the collection, the time from the collection to the cutting should not exceed 3 days, and if the cutting is not timely, the shoot should be laid in a cool and humid place, avoiding heavy pressure, wind, sunlight, and at the same time, spraying water to keep the leaves upright and growing state, and the leaf surface is not waterlogged.

[0015] Further, the stem length of the scion is 2.5-3.5 cm.

[0016] Optionally, in step (2), the variety of the tea tree includes Longjing tea tree, which can be "Longjing 43". In the present application, there is no special requirement for the variety of the rootstock, as long as it is a good variety that can ensure the vigorous growth of the seedling.

[0017] Optionally, the diameter of the rootstock is 2-4 mm, and the length is 5-10 cm.

[0018] Further, in step (3), when using cutting method, a 45° incision is made on the bottom stem segment of the scion, a 45° incision is made on the bottom of the rootstock, and the incision is cut to the xylem; the incision of the scion is aligned with the incision of the rootstock, and the grafting interface is bound.

[0019] The incision bevel on the scion is the same as the leaf direction.

[0020] Further, in step (3), when using wedge grafting method, the rootstock is vertically split in the center to the xylem, and the bottom stem segment of the scion is cut into a wedge shape and inserted into the split of the rootstock, and the grafting interface is bound.

[0021] In the present application, in addition to the above-mentioned cutting and wedge grafting methods, other grafting methods known in the art can also be used, the purpose of which is to connect the scion and the rootstock.

[0022] Further, the method of binding the grafting hole is aluminum sheet binding. The aluminum sheet binding force is stronger, which greatly improves the grafting efficiency and survival rate. In the later stage, with the growth of the scion and the gradual thickening, the aluminum sheet can realize automatic unbinding, reducing manual operation.

[0023] Further, in step (4), the nutrient base is obtained by mixing vermiculite, perlite and grass carbon soil in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0024] Further, the nutrient base is adjusted to a water content of 80%-85% by using a nutrient solution; the formula of the nutrient solution is: 1 / 8MS+0.6mg / LIBA+0.4mg / L NAA.

[0025] Further, after the cutting of the scion, it is placed in a culture environment of 25-30 DEG C under natural light; during cutting, the leaf blades of the scion should be oriented in the same direction as the local prevailing wind direction to reduce the influence of wind force on the survival rate of the scion. The row spacing of the scion is 7-8 cm, the plant spacing is 4-5 cm, and the leaf edges and tips should not overlap, and about 100,000-150,000 scions per mu can be inserted.

[0026] The present application discloses the following technical effects:

[0027] The present application discloses the following technical effects: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor based on these drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 The scion of Fangcheng tea obtained by the method of embodiment 1;

[0030] Figure 2The Fangcheng tea cutting obtained by the method of Comparative Example 2; wherein A is the cutting and stock before fixing; and B is the cutting after fixing;

[0031] Figure 3 The survival rate statistics of the Fangcheng tea cutting of Test Example 2;

[0032] Figure 4 The survival of the Fangcheng tea cutting of Test Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The various illustrative embodiments of the present application are now described in detail. The detailed description is not intended to limit the present application, but rather to provide a more thorough understanding of some aspects, features and embodiments of the present application.

[0034] It should be understood that the terms used herein are merely descriptive, but are not intended to limit the present application. In addition, for the numerical ranges in the present application, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper limit and the lower limit of the range is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range within the larger range, as well as the intermediate values within the stated ranges, are also included in the present application. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be included or excluded independently.

[0035] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application pertains. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present application, preferred methods and materials are described. All publications mentioned in the specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials in connection with which the publications are cited. The citation of any reference in the specification is not intended as an admission that the reference is prior art to the present application.

[0036] Many modifications and variations of the present application described in the specification are possible without departing from the scope or spirit of the present application. Other implementations of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the present application. The specification and examples are illustrative only.

[0037] As used herein, "comprise", "comprising", "have", "having", "include", "including", "contain", "containing", and the like are open-ended terms that are intended to mean including, but not limited to.

[0038] In the following examples, the experimental methods are routine methods unless otherwise specified. In the following examples, the instruments and equipment used are routine laboratory instruments and equipment unless otherwise specified; and the test materials used in the following examples are purchased from routine biochemical reagent stores unless otherwise specified.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] The present embodiment provides a method for propagation of Fangcheng tea root grafting, the specific steps are as follows:

[0041] 1, take the branch

[0042] When the lower part of the new shoots of Fangcheng tea tree appears light brown, the tissue begins to lignify, the terminal bud stops growing, the axillary bud expands or germinates, and the leaves mature, the branch can be taken at this time. The cut branch is transported back in time, and it is better to cut the branch on the same day and graft it on the same day (when the branch is taken from a long distance, the time from taking the branch to grafting should not exceed 3 days).

[0043] 2, cut the branch

[0044] Select the branch with complete and intact leaves, full and healthy bud eyes, and appropriate tenderness, remove the younger and older parts that have not lignified, and cut the standard cutting, each branch with a healthy leaf and a full axillary bud, the lower stem of the leaf blade is 2.5-3.5 cm long, and the upper end is cut 3 mm from the axillary bud. Get the cutting.

[0045] 3, grafting stock treatment

[0046] The fruits of "Longjing 43" tea tree are picked in November of the previous year, and after harvesting, the fruits are placed in a cool and dry place for 5-7 days. After the fruit skin cracks, the tea seeds are taken out. All seeds are soaked in water for half an hour, and then the seeds that sink to the bottom are sown in perlite. The seeds are watered once a week after sowing to keep the perlite moist; after 6 months of sowing, when the new plants grow to 10-15 cm high and the root diameter is about 2-4 mm, the plants are taken out and the white roots are cut to a length of 5-10 cm. The roots are placed on a wet towel for use.

[0047] 4, cutting treatment

[0048] According to the diameter of the cutting and the grafting stock, determine the treatment method: if the diameter of the cutting is greater than the diameter of the grafting stock, vertically split the cutting at the center of the cross section, about 1-1.5 cm deep, and symmetrically cut the grafting stock into a wedge shape on both sides, the length of the cut surface matches the depth of the cutting split, so that the cutting can completely wrap the cut surface of the grafting stock. If the diameter of the cutting is smaller than the diameter of the grafting stock, vertically split the grafting stock at the center of the cross section, about 1-1.5 cm deep, and symmetrically cut the cutting bottom stem into a wedge shape on both sides, the length of the cut surface matches the depth of the grafting stock split, so that the grafting stock can completely wrap the cut surface of the cutting.

[0049] Insert the cut surface of one side into the split of the other side, align the cambium of the two, and fix it with an aluminum sheet (cut a 0.1 mm thick aluminum sheet into a 1 cm wide and 2 cm long piece, used to fix the cutting and grafting stock). Then cut half of the leaf area Figure 1), and then inserted into the prepared nutrient medium. The nutrient medium was composed of vermiculite: perlite: peat soil = 1:1:1 by mass, and mixed with a water solution containing 1 / 8 MS, 0.6 mg / L IBA and 0.4 mg / L NAA plant hormones to a water content of 82%.

[0050] 5. Post-cutting management

[0051] During cutting, the cutting is straight or slightly inclined, with the axillary bud exposed to the soil surface and the mother leaf not touching the ground. Care should be taken not to damage the root system. After cutting, the cutting is immediately pressed with the index finger. The cutting row distance is 7-8 cm, and the plant distance is 4-5 cm, with the leaf edge and tip not overlapping. The cuttings are placed in a 25°C greenhouse under natural light, and watered 1-2 times a week, with the amount of water being sufficient to keep the nutrient medium moist.

[0052] Comparative Example 1

[0053] This comparative example uses the conventional tea tree cutting method to propagate Fangcheng tea trees, with the specific steps being as follows:

[0054] 1. Bud collection

[0055] When the lower part of the new shoots of the Fangcheng tea tree appears light brown, the tissue begins to lignify, the terminal bud stops growing, the axillary bud swells or sprouts, and the leaves mature, the bud collection can be performed. The collected cuttings are immediately transported back, and the cutting is performed on the same day (when the cuttings are collected from a distance, the time from collection to cutting should not exceed 3 days).

[0056] 2. Bud cutting

[0057] Select cuttings with complete and undamaged leaves, full and healthy buds, and appropriate tenderness. After removing the younger, non-lignified and older parts, standard cuttings are cut, each cutting having one complete leaf and one full axillary bud, with the lower stem being 2.5-3.5 cm long. The cutting edge should be smooth, with the bevel in the same direction as the leaf, and the upper cutting edge 3 mm from the axillary bud, with a 45° bevel.

[0058] 3. Cutting

[0059] Prepare the nutrient medium, which is composed of vermiculite: perlite: peat soil = 1:1:1, and mixed with a water solution containing 1 / 8 MS, 0.6 mg / L IBA and 0.4 mg / L NAA plant hormones to a water content of 82%. During cutting, the cutting is straight or slightly inclined on the pre-marked line, with the axillary bud exposed to the soil surface and the mother leaf not touching the ground. After cutting, the cutting is immediately pressed with the index finger. The cutting row distance is 7-8 cm, and the plant distance is 4-5 cm, with the leaf edge and tip not overlapping.

[0060] Test Example 1

[0061] The propagation of Fangcheng tea was carried out according to the method of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, and 10 batches of samples were treated in each method (the scions of the same batch of samples were from the same single plant). The survival rate was detected regularly from the first day of cutting. The survival rate detection results of Example 1 are shown in Table 1, and the survival rate detection results of Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 2. It can be seen that, by using the conventional cutting method, the highest survival rate of Fangcheng tea is only 9.09%, and in some cases, the survival rate is even 0; while by using the root grafting propagation method of the present application (Example 1), the survival rate of Fangcheng tea can be increased to about 50%, and the survival rates of different batches are similar, indicating that the root grafting propagation method of the present application has more stable effect.

[0062] Table 1: Survival rate survey results of Example 1

[0063]

[0064] Table 2: Survival rate survey results of Comparative Example 1

[0065]

[0066] Comparative Example 2

[0067] Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in that, in step 3, the seedling is replaced by a half-year-old cutting seedling. The step 3 of the present comparative example is specifically as follows:

[0068] The standard cutting seedlings were cut from the bud eyes of the "Longjing 43" tea plant, which had intact leaves, full and healthy bud eyes, and appropriate tenderness. After removing the younger and older parts, each cutting seedling had one healthy leaf and one full axillary bud, and the lower stem of the leaf was 2.5-3.5 cm long. An incision was made at the bottom of the stem, and the incision was smooth with a 45° bevel in the same direction as the leaf. A nutrient base was prepared by mixing vermiculite, perlite and grass carbon soil at a ratio of 1:1:1, and then mixing with a water solution containing 1 / 8 MS, 0.6 mg / L IBA and 0.4 mg / L NAA plant hormones to a water content of 82%. During cutting, the cutting seedlings were inserted slightly obliquely on the pre-marked line, with the bevel facing down, so that the axillary bud was exposed to the soil surface and the parent leaf was not attached to the ground. After cutting, the cutting seedlings were immediately pressed with the index finger.

[0069] The cutting seedlings of Fangcheng tea after root grafting according to the present comparative example are shown in Figure 2 .

[0070] Test Example 2

[0071] The propagation of Fangcheng tea was carried out according to the method of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, and 50 samples were treated in each method. According to the management method of Example 1 step 4, the samples were cultured for 100 days. The survival rate was detected after 100 days of cutting. The results are shown in Table 3.Figure 3 As shown in Table 1, the survival rate of the seedlings as the rootstock is significantly higher than that of the cutting seedlings (50% vs 12%), and the growth of the seedlings is more vigorous, which can provide more nutrients for the scion and thus improve the survival rate.

[0072] Comparative Example 3

[0073] Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in the fixing device of the incision in step 4, and the grafting film is used instead of the aluminum sheet in this comparative example.

[0074] Test Example 3

[0075] The propagation of Fangcheng tea was carried out according to the methods of Example 1 and Comparative Example 3. According to the management method of Example 1, step 4, the culture was carried out for 30 days. The results are shown in Table 2. Figure 4 As shown in Table 2, after 30 days of cutting, the tea tree seedlings of Example 1 grow well and basically have no death, while the survival rate of the tea tree seedlings of Comparative Example 3 is low.

[0076] The above-described examples only describe the preferred modes of the present application, and do not limit the scope of the present application. Without departing from the design spirit of the present application, various modifications and improvements to the technical solutions of the present application made by those skilled in the art shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preventing root grafting of tea seedlings, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: (1) collecting and processing of scion: collecting intact and undamaged Fengcheng tea scion with full and robust bud eyes; removing the tender and non-lignified and thick and old parts to retain one leaf and one axillary bud, thereby obtaining the scion; (2) collecting and processing of rootstock: taking 3-6 month-old tea seedlings, cutting the rhizome to obtain the rootstock; (3) grafting treatment: using cutting or wedge grafting method to connect and fix the scion and the rootstock, and cutting off half of the leaf area of the scion, thereby obtaining the cutting; (4) cutting treatment: inserting the cutting into the nutrient medium so that the axillary bud is exposed to the soil surface and the mother leaf is not attached to the ground.

2. The method for root grafting and propagation of Fangcheng tea according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the collection period of the scion is when the middle and lower parts of the new shoots of the Fengcheng tea tree appear light brown, the tissues begin to lignify, the terminal bud stops growing, and the axillary bud swells or sprouts.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the root grafting and propagation of the Fangcheng tea is performed by the steps of: The stem length of the scion is 2.5-3.5 cm.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the root grafting and propagation of the Fangcheng tea is performed by the steps of: In step (2), the variety of the tea tree includes Longjing tea tree.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the root grafting and propagation of the Fangcheng tea is performed by the steps of: The diameter of the rootstock is 2-4 mm, and the length is 5-10 cm.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the root grafting and propagation of the Fangcheng tea is performed by the steps of: In step (3), when using the cutting method, a 45° incision is made at the bottom of the stem segment of the scion, and a 45° incision is made at the bottom of the rootstock, cutting to the woody part; the incision of the scion is aligned with the incision of the rootstock, and the grafting interface is bound; The cutting surface of the scion is in the same direction as the leaf.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the root grafting and propagation of the Fangcheng tea is performed in the following way. In step (3), when using the wedge grafting method, the rootstock is vertically split in the center to the woody part, and the bottom stem segment of the scion is cut into a wedge shape and inserted into the split opening of the rootstock, and the grafting interface is bound.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein, The method of binding the grafting interface is aluminum sheet binding.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the root grafting and propagation of the Fangcheng tea is performed in the following way. In step (4), the nutrient medium is obtained by mixing vermiculite, perlite and grass carbon soil in a mass ratio of 1:1:

1.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the root grafting and propagation of the Fangcheng tea is performed in the following way. The nutrient medium is adjusted to a water content of 80%-85% using a nutrient solution; the formula of the nutrient solution is: 1 / 8MS+0.6 mg / L IBA+0.4 mg / L NAA.

Images