A hydraulic structure for protecting sound-sensitive aquatic animals and a method for using the same

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of aquatic animal breeding and protection, and particularly relates to a water structure component for protecting sound-sensitive aquatic animals and a use method thereof, which comprises a cusp array composed of a plurality of cusp units and used for absorbing underwater noise, and a base fixedly connected with the cusp array and used for mounting the water structure component on an existing structure. In the component, the cusp units are designed according to specific length and height-width ratio and are made of foamed polymer materials, which can not only efficiently guide and dissipate sound waves, but also have excellent structural strength and durability and can effectively resist water flow scouring. The cusp array and the base are integrally connected through grouting forming, and the mechanical interlocking structure formed by the bottom occlusion hemispherical holes greatly enhances the integrity. The steel reinforcement reserved holes arranged on the base can enable the water structure component to be connected with the existing structure in a permanent and reliable manner through mature steel bar planting and secondary grouting processes, so that long-term engineering safety and noise reduction stability are ensured.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of aquaculture and protection of aquatic animals, and particularly relates to a water structure for protecting sound-sensitive aquatic animals and a use method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, intensive aquaculture and coastal engineering facilities have developed rapidly, and human activities in aquaculture waters and nature reserves have become increasingly frequent. The problem of underwater noise pollution caused by such activities has become increasingly prominent. Such noise mainly comes from the operation of breeding equipment such as oxygenators, feeders, and water pumps, the construction and maintenance of facilities such as waterways, wharfs, and revetments, and the travel of water transport tools such as ships, which causes serious interference and even irreversible damage to sound-sensitive aquatic animals in the region that rely on sound waves for communication, foraging, reproduction, and group behavior. For example, the sound communication between individuals of rare aquatic animals such as finless porpoises is crucial in development, foraging, and courtship behaviors. Existing aquaculture facilities or conventional aquatic animal protection structures, although providing habitats, predator avoidance, and spawning sites for aquatic animals to some extent, generally lack effective control means for underwater noise, especially for the urgent need for sound environment protection in open or semi-open aquaculture waters and nature reserves.

[0003] Currently, some technologies have attempted to address the problem of underwater noise. For example, Chinese patent application CN1019791044A discloses an artificial fish nest with a soundproof board structure inside, which can provide local soundproof protection for small fish entering the fish nest. However, this structure cannot cover open waters and lacks effective protection for large aquatic animals such as baiji and finless porpoises. Meanwhile, the polyurethane foam plastic used in this structure is prone to biofilm growth in water, leading to pore blockage and a significant decrease in sound absorption performance over time.

[0004] Another existing technology CN201721270658.X proposes a cavity sound-absorbing wedge complex with a metal skeleton, which uses 3D-printed foam titanium as a skeleton and combines with polyurethane material to form a conical sound-absorbing structure. This device can be used in professional environments such as sound-absorbing pools, sound-absorbing rooms, or warships, but due to its high material cost and complex manufacturing process, it is difficult to meet the large-scale and low-cost application requirements of structures.

[0005] In summary, the existing technologies still have the following obvious defects: first, they cannot effectively protect large sound-sensitive aquatic animals that are active in open waters from noise; second, structures with certain sound absorption performance are often too costly and complex in process, making them difficult to be widely used in ordinary water engineering environments.

[0006] Therefore, it is urgent to propose a water structure that is reasonable in structure, convenient in construction, moderate in cost, and suitable for large-scale installation, to effectively control underwater noise in waterways and protect the acoustic habitat of endangered aquatic animals. SUMMARY

[0007] This section is intended to summarize some aspects of the embodiments of the present application and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section as well as in the abstract of the specification and the title of the application in order to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract of the specification and the title of the application as such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.

[0008] In view of the above or the problems existing in the prior art that the sound-sensitive aquatic animals in open water cannot be effectively protected and the existing sound-absorbing structures are high in cost and difficult to be applied on structures on a large scale, the present application is proposed.

[0009] The present application provides the following technical solutions: a hydraulic structure for protecting sound-sensitive aquatic animals, comprising a cleft array composed of a plurality of cleft units for absorbing underwater noise; and a base fixedly connected with the cleft array for mounting the hydraulic structure on an existing structure.

[0010] As a preferred scheme of the hydraulic structure for protecting sound-sensitive aquatic animals, the cleft unit is made of foamed high polymer material, and the foamed high polymer material comprises at least one of ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber and thermoplastic polyurethane.

[0011] As a preferred scheme of the hydraulic structure for protecting sound-sensitive aquatic animals, the cleft unit comprises a cleft end and a cleft root, the length of the cleft end is 120-180 mm, and the width of the cleft root is 30%-50% of the length of the cleft end.

[0012] As a preferred scheme of the hydraulic structure for protecting sound-sensitive aquatic animals, the cleft array and the base are integrally connected by grouting forming.

[0013] As a preferred scheme of the hydraulic structure for protecting sound-sensitive aquatic animals, the bottom of the cleft array is provided with a bite half-sphere hole, and the grouting material of the base is filled in the bite half-sphere hole to form a mechanical interlocking structure.

[0014] As a preferred scheme of the hydraulic structure for protecting sound-sensitive aquatic animals, the base is provided with a steel bar reserved hole configured to pass through a steel bar.

[0015] As a preferred scheme of the hydraulic structure for protecting sound-sensitive aquatic animals, the base is made of concrete material.

[0016] As a preferred scheme of the water conservancy component for protecting sound-sensitive aquatic animals, the structure is a bank protection structure of a water product breeding facility, a breeding pond or an aquatic animal protection area.

[0017] The water conservancy component for protecting sound-sensitive aquatic animals has the following advantages: the component is designed by integrating the array of sharp wedges and the base, thereby forming a standardized water conservancy component module, and effectively solving the engineering problem that it is difficult to firmly and conveniently combine the sound absorption structure with the structure, and realizing large-scale standardized construction and application. The sharp wedge unit is designed according to a specific length and a height-width ratio, and is made of foamed polymer material, which can effectively guide and dissipate sound waves, and has excellent structural strength and durability, and can effectively resist water flow erosion. Meanwhile, the array of sharp wedges and the base are integrally connected by grouting, and the mechanical interlocking structure formed by the bottom occlusion hemispherical hole greatly enhances the integrity. The steel bar reserved hole arranged on the base can be connected with the existing structure by the mature anchoring and secondary grouting process, thereby ensuring long-term engineering safety and noise reduction stability. The main material of the module is cheap and easy to obtain, and the manufacturing and installation process is simple, which overcomes the limitation of high material cost and complex process of the previous sound absorption structure, and is suitable for large-area laying in large water conservancy environments such as channel regulation and bank protection engineering.

[0018] In view of the problem of how to efficiently and reliably integrate the noise reduction module into the existing complex water conservancy environment in actual use.

[0019] To solve the above technical problems, the application further provides the following technical scheme: a use method of a water conservancy component for protecting sound-sensitive aquatic animals, which comprises installing the water conservancy component for protecting sound-sensitive aquatic animals on the water side of a breeding water area or an aquatic animal protection area to form a sound absorption surface, so as to reduce the underwater noise intensity generated by breeding equipment or human activities.

[0020] As a preferred scheme of the use method of the water conservancy component for protecting sound-sensitive aquatic animals, the structure is at least one of a diversion dike and a bank protection.

[0021] As a preferred scheme of the use method of the water conservancy component for protecting sound-sensitive aquatic animals, the water conservancy component is fixed to the structure by anchoring and secondary grouting.

[0022] The method for using the water conservancy member for protecting sound-sensitive aquatic animals has the following beneficial effects: the method defines the application scene and installation process of the water conservancy member, and can most effectively intercept and absorb the main noise waves from the aquaculture facilities, the breeding ponds, the aquatic animal protection area or the waterway by installing on the water-facing surface of the existing structure (such as the diversion dike and the revetment). The fixing mode of the anchoring and the secondary grouting ensures the ultimate strength and long-term reliability of the connection between the module and the original structure. The method is simple to operate, fully utilizes the existing construction technology, is convenient to popularize, and finally can quickly build a large range of underwater sound barriers, and directly opens out a safe "acoustic shelter" for aquatic animals. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiment description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor. Among them:

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the water conservancy member involved in the present application.

[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the sharp wedge unit.

[0026] Figure 3 is a one-time grouting forming process diagram of the water conservancy member involved in the present application.

[0027] Figure 4 is an installation diagram of the water conservancy member involved in the present application.

[0028] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the water conservancy member applied to the slope type revetment.

[0029] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the water conservancy member applied to the vertical type revetment.

[0030] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the noise pollution scene on the existing waterway.

[0031] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the effect reached after implementing the technical solutions of the present application.

[0032] Figure 9 is a sound absorption coefficient broken line diagram of the sharp wedge structure made of four kinds of materials.

[0033] In the figure, 1, array of wedge; 101, wedge unit; 101-1, wedge end; 101-2, wedge root; 102, bottom; 102-1, occlusal hemispherical hole; 2, base; 3, steel bar reserved hole; 4, mold; 401, hole forming pipe; 5, grouting groove; 6, planted steel bar; 123, hydraulic structure; 7, revetment; 7-1, slope type revetment; 7-2, vertical type revetment; 8, water body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of the present application more apparent and comprehensible, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] In the following description, a large number of specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the connotation of the present application, so the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0036] Secondly, the "one embodiment" or "embodiment" referred to herein means that the specific features, structures or characteristics can be included in at least one implementation of the present application. "In one embodiment" appearing in different places in the specification does not mean the same embodiment, nor is it an embodiment that is separate or alternative to other embodiments.

[0037] Embodiment 1, refer to Figures 1-3 , the first embodiment of the present application.

[0038] As Figure 1 shown: array of wedge 1, base 2, steel bar reserved hole 3, the overall size of 600x600mm golden construction ratio, both convenient for manual installation and convenient for mechanical loading and unloading.

[0039] As Figure 2 shown: wedge unit 101, using high molecular materials such as ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), nitrile rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) which have been foamed, composed of wedge end 101-1 and wedge root 101-2, wedge root 101-2 can enhance the bending resistance of the wedge.

[0040] As Figure 3 shown: the bottom 102 of the array of wedge 1 and the plurality of wedge units 101 are injection molded in the high molecular material mold, and are integrated up and down. The occlusal hemispherical hole 102-1 is provided on the bottom 102 of the array of wedge 1, which can be firmly combined with the base 2 when the concrete is solidified and molded. The array of wedge 1 is placed into the mold 4, and the hole forming pipe 401 is fixed at the corresponding position around, and the first grouting is carried out through the grouting groove 5.

[0041] Referring to Figures 1-3 The embodiment provides a water structure 123 for protecting sound-sensitive aquatic animals, which can realize the effects of efficiently absorbing underwater noise, modularized rapid installation, firm combination with an existing structure and creation of a low sound pressure habitat for the sound-sensitive aquatic animals, and comprises a cusp array 1 composed of a plurality of cusp units 101 and used for absorbing underwater noise; and a base 2 fixedly connected with the cusp array 1 and used for installing the water structure 123 on the existing structure.

[0042] In the embodiment, the cusp array 1 is a collection of a plurality of single sound absorption units arranged and combined in a certain rule, and the purpose of the array design is to form a large-area continuous sound absorption surface to efficiently process sound waves incident from different directions. Each cusp unit 101 is an independent sound absorption body, and a typical geometric shape is a cone or a wedge (as shown in the figure), which can effectively guide the sound waves into the material interior instead of reflecting on the surface through the gradually changing characteristic impedance. When underwater sound waves propagate to the cusp unit 101, the sound waves will enter the porous or flexible material inside the cusp, and through physical mechanisms such as friction, viscous loss and internal resonance of the material, the sound energy will be converted into heat energy and dissipated, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the intensity of underwater noise. Figure 2

[0043] The base 2 is a structural component for supporting and connecting, which is usually made of materials (such as concrete, high-performance engineering plastics or metal) that are firm, durable and suitable for water engineering environment, and provides a stable foundation for the relatively more precise cusp array 1 above. The physical relationship between the cusp array 1 and the base 2 is a non-movable and permanent connection, which can be realized through bonding, mechanical interlocking, casting (such as grouting) and the like, and the purpose is to ensure that the component works as a whole under complex hydraulic load (such as water flow impact, wave force) and does not separate or be damaged. The base 2 acts as an "adapter" or "interface" between the module and the existing structure (such as the concrete pool wall of a breeding pool, the slope protection of an artificial incubation field, the existing embankment of a nature reserve and the like). The base 2 is designed with standardized mounting structures (such as steel bar reserved holes 3) to quickly and firmly install the whole component to the surface of the existing structure through general engineering means (such as planting steel bars 6, grouting, bolt anchoring), so as to realize modularized construction and large-area laying.

[0044] Referring to Figures 1-3 Further, the cusp unit 101 is made of foamed high polymer material, and the foamed high polymer material includes at least one of ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), nitrile rubber (NBR), chlorobutyl rubber (CR) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), so as to solve the durability, reliability and engineering cost problems of the sound absorption material in long-term service in water. ​

[0045] I. Basic principles:

[0046] The main performance indicators of sound-absorbing materials are sound absorption coefficient, sound absorption resonance frequency, and sound absorption bandwidth. The most important performance indicator is the sound absorption coefficient. When sound waves are incident on the surface of the material, part of the incident sound energy is reflected back to the surface of the material, another part is absorbed and attenuated inside the material, and another part penetrates the material and enters the other side of the material. When most of the sound energy enters the material (referring to being absorbed and transmitted), the reflected energy is small, indicating that the sound-absorbing performance of the material is good. The sound absorption performance is generally described by the sound absorption coefficient. The ratio of the sound energy entering the material to the sound energy incident on the surface of the material is called the sound absorption coefficient of the material, which is generally represented by α.

[0047] α= (Ei-Er) / Ei=1-(Er / Ei).

[0048] In the formula: α — sound absorption coefficient; Ei — incident sound energy; Er — reflected sound energy.

[0049] It can be seen that the sound absorption coefficient changes in the range of 0~1. The larger the sound absorption coefficient, the better the sound-absorbing performance of the material. Generally, a material with a sound absorption coefficient greater than 0.2 can be called a sound-absorbing material. For the same material, the sound absorption coefficient for different frequencies of sound waves is often different.

[0050] II. Experimental method:

[0051] 2.1 Experimental principle: The water sound material sound pulse tube test system is used for the experiment. This system is mainly used for measuring the complex reflection coefficient of water sound material samples under the condition of soft or hard sound end. The sound absorption coefficient of the sample is calculated according to the measurement results of the complex reflection coefficient.

[0052] 2.2 Experimental conditions: (1) Detection device: water sound passive material sound pulse tube method test system. (2) Type of sound tube end: soft sound end. (3) Water temperature: 26℃; humidity: 72%.

[0053] 2.3 Experimental sample: Three kinds of ethylene-propylene rubber, nitrile rubber, chlorobutyl rubber, and thermoplastic polyurethane are made into sharp wedge structure and foamed. The size of the sharp wedge structure is as shown in Figure 2 .

[0054] The specific experimental data are as follows:

[0055]

[0056] III. Experimental results:

[0057] The sound absorption coefficient of the sharp wedge structure made of four kinds of materials is as shown in Figure 9 .

[0058] Effects are: (1) The problem of sound absorption performance durability is solved: The selected ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), nitrile rubber (NBR), chlorobutyl rubber (CR), and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) materials all have excellent water resistance, aging resistance, and resistance to microbial erosion. The open or closed cell structure formed after foaming can remain stable in water for a long time. Especially, the closed cell structure wrapped with air avoids the defects that biological membranes are easy to grow in materials such as polyurethane foam, causing pore blockage and rapid attenuation of sound absorption performance, thereby ensuring the long-term effectiveness of sound absorption effect. (2) The problem of environmental adaptability and durability is solved: These rubber or elastomer materials have good acoustic properties, excellent flexibility and fatigue resistance, and can adapt to complex underwater environmental stresses such as water flow impact and temperature changes, and are not easy to be brittle or damaged, thereby prolonging the service life of the component. (3) The problem of engineering and cost control is solved: The materials are common high molecular materials on the market, with stable source and much lower cost than special sound absorption materials such as titanium foam. Moreover, they can be processed and manufactured through mature foaming and mold forming process (such as one-shot injection foaming), which is simple and suitable for large-scale production, meeting the needs of material cost and large-scale application in structure field.

[0059] Referring to Figures 1-3 Further, the specific structure size of the wedge unit 101 is limited. The wedge unit 101 includes a wedge end 101-1 and a wedge root 101-2. The length of the wedge end 101-1 is 120-180 mm, and the width of the wedge root 101-2 is 30-50% of the length of the wedge end 101-1. The overall size is the golden construction ratio of 600*600 mm, which is convenient for manual installation and mechanical loading and unloading.

[0060] The length of the wedge end 101-1 is set to 120-180 mm, so that the effective working frequency band can cover the low-frequency noise generated by typical ships and underwater engineering equipment. In particular, it is adapted to the size of, for example, 10 kHz noise wavelength (about 150 mm), which ensures that sound waves can be efficiently guided into the material for dissipation, avoiding sound wave reflection due to size mismatch, thereby significantly improving the sound absorption coefficient. The width of the wedge root 101-2 is designed to be 30-50% of the length of the wedge end. This ratio range is based on the optimization interval obtained from mechanical simulation and hydraulic scouring test. If the width is too narrow (<30%), the root strength is insufficient and is easy to bend or break under water flow impact. If the width is too wide (>50%), the effective gap between the wedge units 101 will be reduced, the sound wave reflection area will be increased, and the sound absorption performance of the overall array will be weakened. This design ensures that the component has sufficient scouring and bending resistance mechanical strength in complex water flow environment, while maintaining excellent acoustic performance.

[0061] Referring to Figures 1-3Further, the wedge array 1 and the base 2 are integrally connected by grouting.

[0062] Grouting refers to pouring a flowable slurry, typically cement mortar, fine stone concrete or epoxy resin, into a cavity formed by the wedge array 1 and the mold 4, filling the base 2 area and wrapping the bottom 102 and internal structure (such as the occluded hemispherical hole 102-1) of the wedge array 1, and finally curing to form a solid base 2.

[0063] This process typically includes the following steps: a) placing the integrally formed wedge array 1 in the manufacturing mold 4; b) fixing the hole-forming pipe 401 for forming the reserved hole (such as the steel bar reserved hole 3); c) pouring the slurry into the mold through the grouting groove 5; d) vibrating or self-leveling to ensure dense filling of the slurry; e) curing until the designed strength is achieved before demolding.

[0064] Integral connection refers to the formation of a continuous, macroscopically jointless, and integrally stressed structural entity between the wedge array 1 and the base 2 after the grouting material solidifies. It is different from mechanical connection methods such as bolts and buckles, and it is also different from surface adhesion with adhesives. This connection method can achieve higher connection strength and better durability.

[0065] During the solidification process, the grouting material penetrates into the pre-designed micro-pores or macro-occluded structures (such as the occluded hemispherical hole 102-1) at the bottom 102 of the wedge array 1, forming a strong mechanical interlocking. This connection method can effectively resist long-term erosion, erosion, and vibration of water flow, preventing the wedge array 1 and the base 2 from separating, and ensuring the long-term structural integrity of the component in harsh underwater environments. "Integral connection" ensures a smoother impedance transition of sound waves from the wedge array 1 to the base 2, avoiding sound wave reflection caused by air gaps or large differences in acoustic properties, and ensuring the stability and consistency of the sound absorption performance. Grouting is a mature and efficient civil engineering process, which is very suitable for large-scale prefabrication production. By prefabricating complete modules in the factory, only hoisting and fixing are needed on site, greatly simplifying the installation process, improving construction efficiency and quality reliability, and meeting the needs of large-scale, standardized applications in hydraulic engineering.

[0066] In summary, the "integrally connected by grouting" feature is not just a simple process selection, but a key technical means aimed at solving multiple problems of structural reliability, acoustic effectiveness, and engineering economy. It ensures that the hydraulic component 123 of the present invention transforms from a conceptual sound absorber to a functional module that can be truly applied in practical engineering environments.

[0067] Referring toFigures 1-3 Further, the bottom 102 of the wedge array 1 is provided with a bite hemispherical hole 102-1, and the grouting material of the base 2 is filled in the bite hemispherical hole 102-1.

[0068] The bottom 102 of the wedge array 1 is provided with a bite hemispherical hole 102-1, which indicates that on the bonding surface of the wedge array 1 and the base 2, instead of a simple plane, a plurality of concave geometric structures are processed or formed, usually hemispherical, ellipsoidal or similar recesses that can achieve mechanical bite, and these holes are directly formed by a mold during the integral forming of the wedge array 1. The grouting material of the base 2 is filled in the bite hemispherical hole 102-1, which describes that during the manufacturing process, when the liquid grouting material is poured into the mold 4, it will completely fill each bite hemispherical hole 102-1, and after the grouting material solidifies, the material of the base 2 originally outside the hole becomes a “tenon” embedded in the hole, thereby forming a firm mechanical interlocking structure with the bottom 102 of the wedge array 1, and this connection mode does not rely on chemical adhesion, and the strength mainly comes from the geometric constraints between solid materials.

[0069] The effect is that (1) in a complex water flow environment, the component will be repeatedly subjected to parallel to the connection surface (shear force) and perpendicular to the connection surface (pulling force), and simple plane bonding or friction is easy to fail under such load, and the bite hemispherical hole 102-1 structure greatly improves the interface's ability to resist these two forms of destruction through its geometric locking effect, ensuring that the wedge array 1 will not fall off from the base 2. (2) Compared with a flat interface, the interface provided with the bite hemispherical hole 102-1 has a large increase in surface area, which not only increases the “anchor point” of mechanical interlocking, but more importantly, disperses and redistributes the stress (such as water impact force) on the interface, avoiding stress concentration, thereby improving the overall structural reliability and fatigue life. (3) Through this deep interlocking, the wedge array 1 and the base 2 are truly combined into a synergistically working whole structure, rather than two independent components, which greatly enhances the module's ability to resist water flow scouring, vibration and impact load, ensuring its safety and stability during long-term use, and meeting the stringent requirements of the structure on durability.

[0070] In summary, the “bite hemispherical hole 102-1” and its structure filled with grouting material improve the advantages of the grouting forming process from the “wrapping” level to the “locking” level, and fundamentally solve the weak problem of the interface connection between the functional material and the structural matrix, providing important structural protection for the long-term effective work of the component in the underwater environment.

[0071] Reference Figures 1-3Further, the base 2 is provided with a steel bar reserved hole 3 configured to pass through the anchoring bar 6. The hydraulic component 123 is fixed to the structure by the anchoring bar 6 and the secondary grouting method.

[0072] When the concrete base 2 is poured and formed, the through standard holes, i.e. the steel bar reserved holes 3, are formed at the designated positions by the pre-embedded hole pipe 401. The diameter, number and position of the holes are designed and calculated to ensure sufficient connection strength. The connection process is generally as follows: drilling holes at the predetermined positions of the existing structure (such as the revetment 7), injecting anchoring bar 6 glue, inserting the anchoring bar 6, anchoring one end of the anchoring bar 6 firmly in the original structure, and exposing the other end; aligning and sleeving the steel bar reserved hole 3 on the base 2 of the component with the exposed anchoring bar 6; filling high-strength non-shrinkage grouting material (such as cement mortar, epoxy resin, etc.) in the gap between the base 2 and the surface of the original structure and the gap between the reserved hole and the anchoring bar 6; after the grouting material is solidified, the anchoring bar 6, the grouting material and the base 2 form a consolidated whole, thereby permanently fixing the component of the application to the original structure.

[0073] The connection method using the anchoring bar 6 and the secondary grouting can have a strength equivalent to or even better than that of integral pouring, and can effectively resist the great shear force, pulling force and overturning moment generated by water flow, waves, etc., thereby ensuring the long-term stability of the component in the underwater environment. The steel bar reserved hole 3 provides a standardized connection interface. Regardless of the surface condition of the existing structure, the construction personnel only need to perform anchoring bar 6 operations according to the unified standard, so that the rapid and accurate installation of all components can be achieved, thereby greatly improving the construction efficiency and the consistency of engineering quality.

[0074] Referring to Figures 1-3 Further, the base 2 is made of concrete material.

[0075] The concrete material can be plain concrete, fine stone concrete, steel fiber concrete, etc. This selection is not arbitrary, but is based on the special working conditions and environmental requirements of the structure. The core function of the base 2 is to provide pressure, bear and transfer load. Concrete has extremely high compressive strength and excellent durability, which can provide a very stable support foundation for the upper array of sharp wedges 1, effectively resist the impact force of water flow and waves, and the buoyancy of the component itself, ensuring the stability and safety of the entire module underwater. The invention uses "grouting forming" to realize the integral connection of the array of sharp wedges 1 and the base 2. The concrete and the grouting material (essentially the same type of material) have compatible chemical composition, thermal expansion coefficient and mechanical properties. The two can form a solid whole at the interface through hydration reaction, avoiding the problems of interfacial peeling and electrochemical corrosion that may occur when different materials (such as metal and polymer materials) are combined, greatly ensuring the reliability of the "integral connection". Concrete is one of the most common and cheapest materials in water conservancy projects, with a wide range of raw materials and extremely low prices, making large-scale production and large-area paving possible in an economic sense, which is a key factor for the invention to go from the laboratory to engineering practice. After proper proportioning (such as using sulfate-resistant cement), concrete has excellent water resistance, corrosion resistance and erosion resistance, its performance decays slowly over time, and has a service life of several decades, fully meeting the durability requirements of underwater structures. Its characteristics are completely consistent with traditional revetments 7, dams and other hydraulic structures, facilitating integrated design and maintenance.

[0076] In summary, the hydraulic component 123 of the present invention is composed of an upper array of sharp wedges 1 and a base 2 at the bottom 102. The array of sharp wedges 1 is composed of a plurality of sharp wedge units 101. The array of sharp wedges 1 is made of high molecular materials such as foamed EPDM, nitrile rubber, neoprene, and thermoplastic polyurethane, which are integrally formed in a mold 4, making the array of sharp wedges 1 a whole, improving its overall strength and eliminating the gaps between the sharp wedge units 101, avoiding the weakening of the sound absorption effect caused by the gaps. The principle of sharp wedge sound absorption is to guide the sound waves into the material gradually through the gradually changing structure (the size increases from the tip to the base), reducing interface reflection; at the same time, the porous structure inside the high molecular material (which needs to be foamed in advance to increase the internal porosity) makes the sound waves rub and viscous in the pores, converting sound energy into heat energy, and the heat energy is transferred to water, so that heat does not accumulate. To solve the problem of firm combination of the array of sharp wedges 1 with existing hydraulic structures, the invention designs a base 2 made of inexpensive and readily available materials such as concrete, which is grouted and formed with the array of sharp wedges 1 in the mold 4, and steel reinforcement reserved holes 3 are provided at the four ends. The steel reinforcement reserved holes 3 are penetrated by the steel bars 6 on the surface of the existing hydraulic structure, and secondary grouting is performed, which can be firmly combined with the existing hydraulic structure, resist water erosion, and is convenient to construct.

[0077] Example 2,Figures 4-6 , the second embodiment of the present application.

[0078] As Figure 4 shown: the water engineering component 123 involved in the present application is installed on the existing revetment 7, first clean the surface of the revetment 7, then drill holes in the corresponding position, and implant the steel bar, after the implantation of the steel bar 6 is firm and stable, the steel bar is installed through the steel bar reserved hole 3 on the module base 2 involved in the present application, after the steel bar is in place, secondary grouting is carried out through the steel bar reserved hole 3, and the grouting material can be cement mortar, cement, resin and the like.

[0079] As Figure 5 shown: the water engineering component 123 involved in the present application is installed on the existing revetment 7, first clean the surface of the revetment 7, then drill holes in the corresponding position, and implant the steel bar, after the implantation of the steel bar 6 is firm and stable, the steel bar is installed through the steel bar reserved hole 3 on the module base 2 involved in the present application, after the steel bar is in place, secondary grouting is carried out through the steel bar reserved hole 3, and the grouting material can be cement mortar, cement, resin and the like.

[0080] As Figure 6 shown: the water engineering component 123 involved in the present application is installed on the existing revetment 7, first clean the surface of the revetment 7, then drill holes in the corresponding position, and implant the steel bar, after the implantation of the steel bar 6 is firm and stable, the steel bar is installed through the steel bar reserved hole 3 on the module base 2 involved in the present application, after the steel bar is in place, secondary grouting is carried out through the steel bar reserved hole 3, and the grouting material can be cement mortar, cement, resin and the like.

[0081] Referring to Figures 4-6 , unlike the previous embodiment, the present embodiment provides: a method for using the water engineering component 123 for the protection of sound-sensitive aquatic animals, comprising installing the water engineering component 123 for the protection of sound-sensitive aquatic animals on the water-facing side of the aquaculture water area or the aquatic animal protection area to form a sound-absorbing surface, so as to reduce the underwater noise intensity generated by the aquaculture equipment or human activities.

[0082] The "water-facing side" refers to the direction directly opposite the noise source. For example, in the breeding pond, it is the side directly opposite the oxygenator and the feeding machine; in the protection area revetment 7, it is the side directly opposite the passing ships or construction activities. Only by installing on this side can the direct sound waves be most effectively intercepted and absorbed, which is a necessary condition to achieve the noise reduction effect. The sound-absorbing surface refers to the formation of a continuous and large-area acoustic barrier by closely arranging and laying a plurality of water engineering components 123, which changes them from independent individuals to a continuous and large-area acoustic barrier. The formation of this "surface" is the structural basis for achieving significant noise reduction effect. The sound-absorbing surface converts sound energy into heat energy and dissipates it through the multi-hole and gradually changing impedance characteristics of the wedge array 1, thereby weakening the propagation intensity of the sound waves, and forming a low sound pressure "quiet zone" behind the sound barrier (i.e. the side facing away from the noise source).

[0083] Specifically, the structure is the structure of the aquaculture facility, the breeding pond or the revetment 7 of the aquatic animal protection area.

[0084] Aquaculture facilities, hatchery ponds: such as the framework of intensive aquaculture net cages, the pool wall of factory circulating water aquaculture ponds, the incubator of hatchery, etc. In these scenarios, the noise mainly comes from water pumps, oxygenators, feeding machines and other equipment. The components of the present application can effectively reduce the stress response of the cultured organisms (such as prawns, fish, sea cucumbers, etc.) to noise.

[0085] The revetment 7 structure of the aquatic animal protection area: covering the ecological protection field, such as the Yangtze finless porpoise nature reserve, the habitat of Chinese white dolphin, etc. The original embankment, slope bank is ecologically denoised and transformed, and the components of the present application are installed to resist underwater noise interference from patrol ships in the protection area and surrounding shipping activities.

[0086] Unlisted but implicitly covered scenarios: (1) waterway regulation structures: such as guide dikes, dikes, revetments 7, etc. used to absorb the underwater noise generated by the navigation of main channel ships, creating a "sound shadow zone" for sound-sensitive animals behind the dike. (2) Port and wharf structures: such as breakwaters, mooring piers, wharf walls, etc. used to reduce the noise generated by ship auxiliary machinery and loading and unloading operations in the port area. (3) Other structures: such as water gate side walls, pump station outlet structures, etc.

[0087] In summary, by using the existing guide dike and installing the hydraulic components of the present application on the side of the guide dike facing the channel, most of the ship noise sound waves can be absorbed, the reflection sound waves and the source sound field can be reduced, the underwater sound intensity of the main channel can be greatly weakened, and a sound-absorbing area can be formed on the side of the guide dike away from the channel, creating a suitable habitat for sound-sensitive aquatic animals (about 80% of the Yangtze finless porpoises live in the nearshore 300m range, and their entertainment, mating and migration activities mostly occur in the main channel waters).

[0088] By Figure 7 and Figure 8 to help understand the technical effects of the implementation of the present application, Figure 7 is a common scenario on existing waterways, and the noise generated during ship operation is reflected on the reinforced concrete revetment 7 of the guide dike, superimposed with the source sound field, strengthening the noise pollution, making the underwater sound field intensity large, and seriously interfering with the mating, foraging, migration and other activities of aquatic animals; Figure 8 To install the module of the present application on the surface of the existing guide dike revetment 7 facing the waterway, form a sound-absorbing surface, absorb noise sound waves, and convert the noise reflection superposition area on the original waterway into a noise reflection elimination area, and form a noise shielding area on the back of the guide dike. The area can be developed as a habitat for sound-sensitive aquatic animals.

[0089] It should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application but not limit the present application. Although the present application is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or equivalently replaced, without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application, which should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A hydraulic structure for the protection of acoustically sensitive aquatic animals, characterized in that, include: The wedge array (1), consisting of multiple wedge units (101), is used to absorb underwater noise; The base (2) is fixedly connected to the wedge array (1) and is used to install the hydraulic component (123) on the water-facing side of the existing structure to form a sound-absorbing surface. The base (2) is made of concrete, and the wedge array (1) and the base (2) are integrally connected by grouting. The bottom (102) of the wedge array (1) is provided with interlocking hemispherical holes (102-1), and the grout of the base (2) is filled into the interlocking hemispherical holes (102-1) to form a mechanical interlocking structure. The wedge unit (101) is made of a foamed polymer material, which includes at least one of EPDM rubber, nitrile rubber, neoprene rubber, and thermoplastic polyurethane. The structure is a revetment (7) structure for aquaculture facilities, seedling ponds or aquatic animal protection areas.

2. The hydraulic structure for the protection of acoustically sensitive aquatic animals as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The wedge unit (101) includes a wedge end (101-1) and a wedge root (101-2). The length of the wedge end (101-1) is 120-180 mm, and the width of the wedge root (101-2) is 30%-50% of the length of the wedge end (101-1).

3. The hydraulic structure for the protection of acoustically sensitive aquatic animals as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The base (2) is provided with a steel bar reserved hole (3), which is configured to allow the steel bar (6) to pass through.

4. A method of using a hydraulic structure for the protection of sound-sensitive aquatic animals, characterized in that, include: Install hydraulic components (123) for the protection of sound-sensitive aquatic animals as described in any one of claims 1-3 on the water-facing side of aquaculture waters or aquatic animal protection areas to form a sound-absorbing surface, thereby reducing the intensity of underwater noise generated by aquaculture equipment or human activities.

5. The method of using the hydraulic structure for the protection of acoustically sensitive aquatic animals as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The hydraulic components (123) are fixed to the aquaculture facilities or revetment (7) structure by means of rebar (6) and secondary grouting.

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