Laser electrolysis combined machining system and method based on metal core-optical fiber electrode
By designing a metal core-fiber electrode structure, the problem of uneven current density in laser electrolytic composite processing was solved, achieving a more efficient and uniform processing effect.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511076973.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-01
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-07
AI Technical Summary
In existing fiber-optic-based laser-electrolysis composite processing methods, the current density distribution of the tool electrode is uneven, resulting in uneven processing.
The metal core-fiber electrode structure is adopted. The metal core consists of a connecting section, a conductive section, a transition section and a porous processing section. The combination of porous design and jet transmission ensures uniform current density distribution.
It improves processing quality and efficiency, achieves uniform current density distribution, and enhances processing consistency and efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN120901392A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The application belongs to the field of laser-electrolytic combined precision machining, and particularly relates to a laser-electrolytic combined machining system and method based on a metal core-optical fiber electrode. BACKGROUND
[0002] Micro-grooves have a wide range of applications in the fields of electronics, aerospace, biomedicine, microfluidics, etc. due to their simple geometric structure, which puts forward urgent demands for high-quality and high-efficiency machining technology. At present, micro-structure manufacturing can be achieved through various processes such as electrical discharge machining, electrochemical machining, and laser machining. However, these technologies have inherent limitations and are difficult to meet the simultaneous requirements of surface quality, precision, and efficiency for micro-groove machining. Electrical discharge machining and laser machining can introduce thermal defects such as heat-affected zone, recast layer, and micro-cracks. Although ultra-short pulse laser can significantly reduce thermal effects through extremely narrow pulse width and high peak power, the machining efficiency is low and the cost is high. In contrast, electrochemical machining is more suitable for precision micro-structure machining due to its advantages of no cutting force, no tool wear, no thermal defects, and no residual stress. However, this process has the problem of low machining efficiency, and precision degradation caused by stray current corrosion is also difficult to avoid. Laser-electrolytic combined machining is a non-contact machining method, in which laser ablation can quickly remove materials, and the heat effect generated by laser can promote the temperature rise of the electrolyte, thereby accelerating the electrochemical dissolution reaction rate. At the same time, electrochemical machining can eliminate the recast layer caused by laser machining and reduce heat accumulation through the cooling effect of the electrolyte, thereby reducing the heat-affected zone. Therefore, laser-electrolytic combined machining combines the high efficiency of laser machining and the excellent surface quality of electrochemical machining, and has broad application prospects in micro-structure manufacturing.
[0003] The existing laser-electrolytic combined machining method based on an optical fiber separates the conductive metal part and the jet part, and the current density is high in the metal area and low in the jet area, which leads to uneven current density distribution of the tool electrode, and further leads to uneven machining. SUMMARY
[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the laser-electrolytic combined machining system and method based on a metal core-optical fiber electrode are proposed, which aims to improve the conductivity of the tool electrode and the uniformity of the current density distribution in laser-electrolytic combined machining, and improve the machining quality and efficiency.
[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the specific scheme of the present application is as follows:
[0006] The metal core for the laser electrolytic composite machining system comprises a connecting section, a conductive section, a transition section and a porous machining section connected in sequence from top to bottom, the connecting section and the conductive section are solid structures, the transition section and the porous machining section are porous structures, a plurality of optical fiber holes are respectively arranged on the connecting section, the transition section and the porous machining section, a jet transmission hole is respectively arranged in the center of the conductive section and the transition section, and a ring hole is arranged on the conductive section and corresponds to the position of the optical fiber hole.
[0007] Further, the connecting position of the conductive section and the transition section is spaced apart from the top surface and the bottom surface of the inner side of the coupling cavity, the spacing is not less than 3 mm, and the diameter of the cross section of the ring hole is greater than the diameter of the cross section of the optical fiber hole.
[0008] Further, the metal core comprises a coupling cavity, a workpiece groove, a laser, an optical fiber, a digital multimeter, an electrolysis power supply, a solution groove, a peristaltic pump and the metal core of claim 1, the metal core is inserted from the top opening of the coupling cavity and passes through the bottom of the coupling cavity, the workpiece groove is located below the metal core and is connected to the solution groove through a liquid discharge pipe, the optical fiber is installed in the metal core through the optical fiber hole, the light inlet of the optical fiber is connected to the laser, the light outlet is flush with the bottom surface of the metal core, the negative electrode of the electrolysis power supply is connected to the connecting section of the metal core through the digital multimeter, the water inlet end of the peristaltic pump is connected to the solution groove, and the water outlet end is connected to the coupling cavity.
[0009] Further, it further comprises a filter, an insulating layer and a workpiece, the filter is installed at the water inlet end of the peristaltic pump, the insulating layer is wrapped on the outer side surface of the lower part of the metal core and is located between the bottom surface of the coupling cavity and the bottom end of the metal core, the workpiece is arranged in the workpiece groove and corresponds to the position below the porous machining section of the metal core, and the positive electrode of the electrolysis power supply is connected.
[0010] The machining method of the laser electrolytic composite machining system based on the metal core-optical fiber electrode comprises the following steps:
[0011] S1, a workpiece is placed in the workpiece groove located directly below the porous machining section of the metal core, and an electrolyte is filled in the solution groove, the peristaltic pump is started to make the electrolyte flow from the solution groove to the coupling cavity through the filter and then be sprayed in the form of a jet from the porous machining section of the metal core;
[0012] S2, the electrolysis power supply is turned on to make the current flow from the positive electrode of the electrolysis power supply to the workpiece, return to the negative electrode of the electrolysis power supply through the electrolyte and the digital multimeter, and the laser is turned on to make the laser transmit to the light outlet of the optical fiber through the optical fiber and then irradiate the machining surface of the workpiece, and the workpiece is subjected to laser electrolytic composite machining under the combined action of the laser irradiation and the current.
[0013] S3, after completing the machining operation of the required area of the workpiece, turn off the power of the electrolytic power supply, the laser, and the peristaltic pump, remove the workpiece, and the machining is completed.
[0014] Further, the electrolyte is a neutral NaCl solution and / or a NaNO3 solution.
[0015] Advantages of the present application
[0016] 1. The laser-electrolytic composite machining system and method based on the metal core-optical fiber electrode of the present application allows the electrolyte to form a jet in the machining area through the porous structure design of the metal core, not only accelerating the material removal process, but also achieving uniform distribution of current density, thereby improving the consistency, machining quality, and machining efficiency of the machining process.
[0017] 2. The cross section of the metal core of the present application can be circular or square, providing design flexibility to adapt to different machining requirements and workpiece shapes.
[0018] 3. The present application can uniformly distribute the conductive metal and electrolyte at each part of the bottom end of the tool electrode, greatly improving the uniformity of the current density of the tool electrode; the transition section and the porous machining section with a porous structure provided on the metal core can improve the conductivity of the jet, thereby improving the machining efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0019] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the laser-electrolytic composite machining system based on the metal core-optical fiber electrode.
[0020] Figure 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the metal core in Figure 1
[0021] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the connecting section of the metal core in Figure 2
[0022] is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the conductive section of the metal core in Figure 2
[0023] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the transition section of the metal core in Figure 2
[0024] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the porous machining section of the metal core in Figure 2
[0025]
[0026] 1. Coupling cavity; 2. Laser; 3. Optical fiber; 301. Fiber optic port; 302. Jet transmission port; 303. Annular port; 4. Digital multimeter; 5. Insulating layer; 6. Electrolytic power supply; 7. Workpiece; 8. Solution tank; 9. Filter; 10. Metal core; 11. Peristaltic pump; 101. Connecting section; 102. Conductive section; 103. Transition section; 104. Multi-hole processing section; 12. Workpiece groove. Detailed Implementation
[0027] The present invention will be further explained and described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the specific embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0028] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown in the figure, the laser electrolytic composite processing system and method based on metal core-fiber electrode provided in this specific embodiment includes a coupling cavity 1, a workpiece groove 12, a laser 2, an optical fiber 3, a digital multimeter 4, an electrolytic power supply 6, a solution tank 8, a peristaltic pump 11, a filter 9, an insulating layer 5, and a metal core 10 for the laser electrolytic composite processing system.
[0029] The diameter of the metal core 10 is 1.5 mm to 5 mm. The metal core 10 is inserted into the top opening of the coupling cavity 1 and extends out of the bottom of the coupling cavity 1. The insulating layer 5 is wrapped around the lower outer side of the metal core 10 and is located between the bottom surface of the coupling cavity 1 and the bottom end of the metal core 10. The coupling cavity 1 is used to contain and transport the electrolyte.
[0030] like Figure 2As shown, the metal core 10 includes a connecting section 101, a conductive section 102, a transition section 103 and a porous machining section 104 connected in sequence from top to bottom, the connecting section 101 and the conductive section 102 are both solid structures, the connecting section 101 is used to connect the negative electrode of the electrolytic power supply 6, which functions to conduct current and ensure efficient transmission of current, while providing installation space for the optical fiber 3. The transition section 103 and the porous machining section 104 are both porous structures; the porous structure is provided to guide the flow of electrolyte. The connecting section 101, the transition section 103 and the porous machining section 104 are respectively provided with a plurality of optical fiber holes 301, the transition section 103 functions as a transition in structure, ensuring that the electrolyte can flow smoothly into the porous machining section 104. The function of the porous machining section 104 is to realize jet machining of the electrolyte, improve machining efficiency and quality, while allowing the electrolyte to contact the workpiece 7 to achieve electrochemical machining. The center of the conductive section 102 and the transition section 103 is respectively provided with a jet transmission hole 302 to reduce the resistance of the solution flowing in the metal core 10, the conductive section 102 is provided with an annular hole 303 corresponding to the position of the optical fiber hole 301, the connection between the conductive section 102 and the transition section 103 is provided with a 3mm spacing from the top and bottom surfaces inside the coupling cavity 1, the spacing is provided to ensure that the electrolyte in the coupling cavity 1 has enough space to flow into the metal core.
[0031] The synergistic effect of the connecting section 101, the conductive section 102, the transition section 103 and the porous machining section 104 of the metal core 10: the current is conducted from the connecting section 101 to the conductive section 102, and then uniformly distributed to the transition section 103 and the porous machining section 104. The electrolyte flows into the porous machining section 104 through the hollow structure of the transition section 103, and is sprayed downward in the form of a jet to realize the supply of electrolyte in the machining area. The optical fiber 3 is installed in the through hole of the conductive section 102, and the laser is transmitted to the machining area through the optical fiber, which cooperates with the electrolyte to improve the machining efficiency and quality.
[0032] The cross section of the metal core 10 is circular or square. The diameter of the cross section of the annular hole 303 is 2mm larger than the diameter of the cross section of the optical fiber hole 301, so that the solution contacts the optical fiber 3, which is beneficial to heat dissipation of the optical fiber 3.
[0033] The workpiece groove 12 is located below the metal core 10, the workpiece 7 is arranged in the workpiece groove 12, and the workpiece groove 12 is also provided with a liquid discharge pipe connected to the solution tank 8, and the solution tank 8 is used to store the electrolyte. The optical fiber 3 with a diameter of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm is selected. The optical fiber 3 is installed inside the metal core 10 through the optical fiber hole 301, the light inlet of the optical fiber 3 is connected to the laser 2, the laser 2 is used to provide the required laser energy for machining; the optical fiber 3 is used to transmit the laser to the machining area; the light outlet of the optical fiber 3 is flush with the bottom surface of the metal core 10, the positive electrode of the electrolytic power supply 6 is connected to the workpiece, and the negative electrode of the electrolytic power supply 6 is connected to the connecting section of the metal core 10 through the digital multimeter 4, so as to monitor the current in the machining loop by using the digital multimeter 4. The electrolytic power supply 6 is used to provide the required electric energy for electrolytic machining.
[0034] The water inlet end of the peristaltic pump 11 is connected to the solution tank 8, and the filter 9 is installed at the water inlet end of the peristaltic pump 11, the solution tank 8 is provided with an electrolyte, the electrolyte is a neutral NaCl solution, a NaNO3 solution, a mixture of the NaCl solution and the NaNO3 solution, and the neutral NaCl solution is selected in the embodiment. The water outlet end of the peristaltic pump 11 is connected to the coupling cavity 1. The peristaltic pump 11 is used to drive the electrolyte to flow through the filter 9 into the coupling cavity 1, and to be ejected downward in the form of a jet from the pores of the metal core 10. The filter 9 is used to filter impurities in the electrolyte pumped from the solution tank 8, so as to ensure that the electrolyte reaches the required cleanliness before entering the coupling cavity 1.
[0035] Laser 2: Shenzhen Chuangxin Laser Co., Ltd., model: MFSQ1500W.
[0036] Digital multimeter 4: Beijing Puyuan Jingdian Technology Co., Ltd., model: DM3058.
[0037] Electrolytic power supply 6: Shanghai Suoyi Electronics Technology Co., Ltd., model: SOYI-VA-DM.
[0038] Peristaltic pump 11: Caleva Fluid Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., model: DIP1500.
[0039] Working principle:
[0040] Before use, the workpiece 7 is placed in the workpiece tank 12 located directly below the porous processing section 104 of the metal core 10, the height of the coupling cavity 1 and the metal core 10 is adjusted so that the bottom surface of the metal core 10 is 0.5 mm away from the surface of the workpiece; the electrolyte is filled in the solution tank 8, the peristaltic pump 11 is started, the electrolyte flows from the solution tank through the filter into the coupling cavity 1, and is sprayed downward in the form of a jet through the porous processing section 104 of the metal core 10. The electrolysis power supply 6 is turned on, the current flows from the positive electrode of the electrolysis power supply 6, passes through the workpiece, returns to the negative electrode of the electrolysis power supply 6 through the electrolyte from the metal core 10, and forms an electrolytic processing environment. At the same time, the laser 2 is turned on, the laser is transmitted to the light outlet of the optical fiber 3 through the optical fiber 3, and then irradiates the processing surface of the workpiece 7, and acts on the workpiece together with the electrolyte to realize laser-electrolytic combined processing. During the processing, the digital multimeter 4 monitors the current in real time to ensure the stability and safety of the processing.
[0041] After completing the processing operation of the required area of the workpiece, the power of the electrolysis power supply 6, the laser 2 and the peristaltic pump 11 is turned off, and the processing is terminated. The workpiece 7 is removed from the workpiece tank 12, and necessary cleaning and inspection are performed.
[0042] The processing method of the laser-electrolytic combined processing system based on the metal core-optical fiber electrode is as follows:
[0043] S1, the workpiece 7 is placed in the workpiece tank 12 located directly below the porous processing section 104 of the metal core 10, the height of the coupling cavity 1 and the metal core 10 is adjusted so that the bottom surface of the metal core 10 is 0.5 mm away from the surface of the workpiece; the electrolyte is filled in the solution tank, the electrolyte is a neutral NaCl solution, the peristaltic pump 11 is started, the electrolyte flows from the solution tank 8 through the filter 9 into the coupling cavity 1, and is sprayed downward in the form of a jet from the porous processing section 104 of the metal core 10;
[0044] S2, the electrolysis power supply 6 is turned on, the current flows out from the positive electrode of the electrolysis power supply 6, passes through the workpiece 7, then passes through the electrolyte, and finally returns to the negative electrode of the electrolysis power supply 6 from the metal core 10 and the digital multimeter 4, thereby forming an electrolytic processing environment on the surface of the workpiece 7. At the same time, the laser 2 is started, the laser is transmitted through the optical fiber, and irradiates the processing surface of the workpiece 7 from the light outlet of the optical fiber 3. Under the combined influence of laser irradiation and current action, laser-electrolytic combined processing of the workpiece 7 is realized. This combined processing method combines the high energy density of laser and the chemical action of electrolysis, thereby improving the material removal rate and processing quality. During the processing, the parameters such as laser power, current intensity and electrolyte flow are adjusted according to different processing conditions and materials to optimize the processing effect and ensure the accuracy and efficiency of the processing process.
[0045] S3, after the machining operation of the required area of the workpiece is completed, the power of the electrolytic power supply 6, the laser 2 and the peristaltic pump 11 is turned off, the workpiece is unloaded, and the machining is completed.
Claims
1. A metal core for a laser electrochemical compound machining system, characterized by, The metal core comprises a connecting section, a conductive section, a transition section and a porous processing section connected in sequence from top to bottom, the connecting section and the conductive section are solid structures, the transition section and the porous processing section are porous structures, a plurality of optical fiber holes are respectively arranged on the connecting section, the transition section and the porous processing section, a jet transmission hole is respectively arranged in the center of the conductive section and the transition section, and a ring-shaped hole is arranged on the conductive section and corresponds to the position of the optical fiber hole.
2. The metal core for a laser electrolytic deposition machining system according to claim 1, wherein, The connecting part of the conductive section and the transition section is spaced apart from the top surface and the bottom surface of the inner side of the coupling cavity, and the spacing is not less than 3 mm, and the diameter of the cross section of the ring-shaped hole is greater than the diameter of the cross section of the optical fiber hole.
3. Laser electrolytic composite machining system based on a metal core-fiber electrode, characterized in that, The metal core is inserted from the top opening of the coupling cavity and passes through the bottom of the coupling cavity, the workpiece groove is located below the metal core, and the workpiece groove is provided with a liquid discharge pipe connected to the solution tank, the optical fiber is installed inside the metal core through the optical fiber hole, the light inlet of the optical fiber is connected to the laser, the light outlet is flush with the bottom surface of the metal core, the negative electrode of the electrolytic power supply is connected to the connecting section of the metal core through the digital multimeter, the water inlet end of the peristaltic pump is connected to the solution tank, and the water outlet end is connected to the coupling cavity.
4. The laser electrolytic hybrid machining system based on a metal- core fiber electrode according to claim 3, characterized in that The filter is installed at the water inlet end of the peristaltic pump, the insulating layer is wrapped on the outer side of the lower part of the metal core and located between the bottom surface of the coupling cavity and the bottom end of the metal core, and the workpiece is arranged in the workpiece groove and corresponds to the lower part of the porous processing section of the metal core.
5. A processing method using the laser electrolytic hybrid processing system based on the metal core-optical fiber electrode according to any one of claims 3 to 4, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1, a workpiece is placed in the workpiece groove located directly below the porous processing section of the metal core, and an electrolyte is filled in the solution tank, the peristaltic pump is started, the electrolyte flows from the solution tank to the coupling cavity through the filter, and is sprayed in the form of a jet from the porous processing section of the metal core downwards; S2, the electrolytic power supply is turned on, the current flows from the positive electrode of the electrolytic power supply to the workpiece, returns to the negative electrode of the electrolytic power supply through the electrolyte and the digital multimeter, and the laser is turned on, the laser is transmitted to the light outlet of the optical fiber through the optical fiber, and then irradiates the processing surface of the workpiece, under the combined action of the laser irradiation and the current, the workpiece is subjected to laser-electrolytic combined machining; S3, after the processing operation of the required area of the workpiece is completed, the power supply of the electrolytic power supply, the laser and the peristaltic pump is turned off, the workpiece is removed, and the processing is completed.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The electrolyte is a neutral NaCl solution and / or a NaNO3 solution.