Method for recovering metal framework through combination of vacuum heat treatment and water jet

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of recycling and remanufacturing of rail transit metal rubber shock absorbers, in particular to a method for recycling a metal framework through combination of vacuum heat treatment and water jet, which comprises the following steps: S1, putting a metal rubber composite shock absorber and a test bar on a heat treatment tool, and carrying out vacuum heat treatment in a vacuum furnace, a rubber part and a metal part in the metal-rubber composite shock absorber are stripped, and a metal framework containing residual rubber is obtained; s2, a water jet tool is placed in the metal framework or on the outer side of the metal framework, the water jet tool is rotated, and water is sprayed to the metal framework through the water jet tool so as to separate the residual rubber from the metal framework; s3, the metal framework is subjected to cleaning and surface rust removal treatment; s4, the performance of the recycled metal framework is obtained by detecting the mechanical performance of the test bar. The method for recovering the metal framework in the scheme can save the processing cost while ensuring environmental protection.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of recycling and remanufacturing of rail transit metal-rubber damping devices, and specifically provides a method for recycling metal skeletons by vacuum heat treatment combined with water jet. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of rail transit, the bogie of the vehicle body includes a composite damping device vulcanized by metal-rubber, which provides flexible support for the operation of the locomotive, provides damping performance for the vehicle body, and improves the use performance of the vehicle body and the riding comfort of the passengers. The commonly used metal-rubber damping device for rail transit includes a conical spring, a rubber spherical hinge, a rubber node, a rubber rod, etc. These metal-rubber composite devices are usually connected by vulcanization of metal parts and rubber parts, and the high elasticity and strength of the rubber parts are used to provide support and stiffness.

[0003] In actual application, the metal-rubber vulcanized body is a consumable part, and it often needs to be replaced as a whole after a long time of operation. In the metal-rubber vulcanized body, the aging failure and damage are generally the rubber body part, and the metal part still has the value of recycling and remanufacturing. Recycling of the metal skeleton of the metal-rubber composite damping device is of great significance to environmental protection, material reuse, resource conservation, and technological innovation.

[0004] In the prior art, the commonly used metal skeleton recycling methods include: 1) electromagnetic induction heating method, specifically using an electromagnetic induction heating device to heat the metal component in the metal-rubber composite product to a specific temperature, so that the adhesive between the metal component and the rubber component fails, thereby realizing the non-destructive separation of the rubber component from the metal component; 2) pyrolysis method, specifically placing the metal and rubber composite product in a reaction kettle, heating at the bottom of the reaction kettle, and after the rubber part is gasified, it is condensed into fuel oil by a condenser and discharged, and after the reaction is completed, the metal component is taken out and the surface attached carbon particles are removed; 3) mechanical separation method, specifically separating the metal skeleton and the rubber part by hand or mechanical tools; 4) incineration method, specifically according to the properties that rubber is combustible and metal is not combustible, the composite product is incinerated, and the metal component is taken out from the residual ash; 5) solvent dissolution method, specifically using a specific solvent to dissolve the rubber part.

[0005] The above methods in the prior art can realize the separation of metal and rubber in the metal-rubber composite damping device, but there are problems of low efficiency, high cost, low recovery rate, poor environmental performance, etc. Moreover, for the separated metal-rubber parts, the surface residue of the metal parts needs to be thoroughly cleaned before the surface roughness requirement can be restored. The above prior art may have the problem of greater damage to the surface of the metal parts during residue cleaning, which will also be not conducive to subsequent recycling and production.

[0006] In summary, how to design a method of recycling metal skeleton with low cost and high environmental performance is an urgent problem to be solved at present. SUMMARY

[0007] To solve the above problems, the application provides a method for recycling metal skeleton by vacuum heat treatment combined with water jet, which can save processing cost, improve the environmental performance of processing, and improve the recycling efficiency of metal skeleton.

[0008] The method for recycling metal skeleton by vacuum heat treatment combined with water jet provided by the application comprises the following steps: S1: placing the metal rubber composite damper and test bar on the heat treatment tool in the vacuum furnace to perform vacuum heat treatment, so that the rubber part and the metal part in the metal rubber composite damper are peeled off, and a metal skeleton including rubber residue is obtained; the material and parameters of the test bar are consistent with those of the metal skeleton in the metal rubber composite damper to be processed; S2: placing the water jet tool in the metal skeleton or outside the metal skeleton, rotating the water jet tool, and spraying water to the metal skeleton through the water jet tool to separate the rubber residue from the metal skeleton; S3: cleaning and rust removal treatment of the metal skeleton; S4: obtaining the performance of the recycled metal skeleton by testing the mechanical properties of the test bar.

[0009] Further, the water jet tool in step S2 is a horizontal water jet tool or a vertical water jet tool; the horizontal water jet tool is used for horizontal rubber removal operation of the metal skeleton, and the vertical water jet tool is used for vertical rubber removal operation of the metal skeleton.

[0010] Further, the water jet tool in step S2 comprises a spray head, a plurality of water spray holes are uniformly distributed on the spray head in the circumferential direction, and the horizontal water jet tool is used for horizontal spray rubber removal operation of the metal skeleton.

[0011] Further, the water jet tool in step S2 comprises a spray head, at least one water spray hole is uniformly distributed on the bottom of the spray head, and the vertical water jet tool is used for vertical spray rubber removal operation of the metal skeleton.

[0012] Further, the bottom of the spray head further comprises a plurality of weight reduction holes which are uniformly distributed and arranged in a staggered manner with the water spray holes.

[0013] Further, the heat treatment tool in S1 is a heat treatment box which is placed in the vacuum furnace as a whole, and the heat treatment box comprises at least two heat treatment layers, and the height of each heat treatment layer is not less than the height of the metal rubber composite damper to be processed.

[0014] Further, a sliding groove is formed on the side wall of the heat treatment box, and the heat treatment box comprises a partition plate which is slidingly arranged in the sliding groove, and adjacent heat treatment layers are separated by the partition plate.

[0015] Further, the heat treatment tool in S1 is a heat treatment rack placed in the vacuum furnace as a whole, and the metal rubber composite damper to be treated is hung on the heat treatment rack.

[0016] Further, the heat treatment rack comprises a lower support, an upper support connected to the upper end of the lower support, and a storage support uniformly distributed on the upper support, the storage support is vertically arranged with the upper support, and the metal rubber composite damper to be treated is hung on the storage support.

[0017] Further, the storage support comprises a plurality of storage supports uniformly distributed on the upper support, the middle part of the storage support is connected with the upper support; and the two ends of the storage support comprise anti-falling rods which are inclined upward from inside to outside.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the metal framework recycling method in the present application has the following advantages: low recycling cost, maximum protection of metal from damage, guarantee of rubber and metal peeling efficiency, convenient operation, and excellent environmental performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a water jet tool according to the embodiment one of the present application; Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a heat treatment tool according to the embodiment one of the present application; Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a metal rubber composite damper to be recycled according to the embodiment one of the present application; Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a test rod according to the embodiment one of the present application; Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a damaged test rod after testing according to the embodiment one of the present application; Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a damaged test rod after testing according to the embodiment one of the present application; Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a water jet tool according to the embodiment two of the present application; Figure 8 is a structural schematic diagram of a heat treatment tool according to the embodiment two of the present application; Figure 9 is a structural schematic diagram of a metal rubber composite damper to be recycled according to the embodiment two of the present application.

[0020] The reference signs in the drawings include: a heat treatment box 1, a heat treatment layer 2, a chute 3, a partition plate 4, a spraying head 5, a lower support 6, an upper support 7, a storage support 8, an anti-falling rod 9, a base 10, a central shaft 11, a clamping table 12, a limiting step 13, a test bar 14, a rubber body 15, a metal mandrel 16, a metal sleeve 17, a metal flat square 18, a central hole 19, a metal spacer 20, a water spraying hole 21, and a weight-reducing hole 22. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the following further describes the present application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only used to explain the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the present application. Figures 1-9 The present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only used to explain the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the present application. Example 1

[0022] As shown in the example, a method for recovering a metal skeleton by vacuum heat treatment combined with water jet, comprising the following steps: Figures 1 to 6 S1: placing a metal-rubber composite damper and a test bar 14 on a heat treatment tool for vacuum heat treatment in a vacuum furnace, so that the rubber part and the metal part in the metal-rubber composite damper are separated, and a metal skeleton including rubber residue is obtained. When the metal-rubber composite damper is subjected to vacuum heat treatment, a test bar 14 shown in the example is simultaneously subjected to vacuum heat treatment in the vacuum furnace. The material and parameters of the test bar 14 are consistent with those of the metal skeleton in the metal-rubber composite damper to be treated. The test bar 14 is placed on the metal-rubber composite damper to be treated, so that the test bar 14 is consistent with the product state, performance, high temperature experienced and metal environment of the metal-rubber composite damper in the vacuum furnace. Figure 4 As shown in the example, the heat treatment tool in the present embodiment is a heat treatment rack. The heat treatment rack is placed in the vacuum furnace as a whole, and the metal-rubber composite damper to be treated is hung on the heat treatment rack.

[0023] As shown in the example, the metal-rubber composite damper in the present embodiment includes a metal mandrel 16, a metal sleeve 17, and a metal flat square 18. The flat square includes a central hole 19. During vacuum heat treatment, the metal-rubber composite damper is hung on the heat treatment rack through the central hole 19. Figure 2 Figure 3

[0024] ​​​The heat treatment frame comprises a lower support 6, an upper support 7 connected to the upper end of the lower support 6, and a plurality of object supports 8 evenly distributed on the upper support 7, the object supports 8 are vertically arranged on the upper support 7, the metal rubber composite damper to be treated is hung on the object supports 8, the object supports 8 comprise a plurality of object supports 8 evenly distributed on the upper support 7, the middle part of the object supports 8 is connected with the upper support 7, and the two ends of the object supports 8 comprise anti-falling rods 9, the anti-falling rods 9 are inclined from inside to outside and upward, and the anti-falling rods 9 can prevent the metal rubber composite damper from falling off the upper support 7.

[0025] S2: The water jet device is arranged in the metal framework or outside the metal framework, the water jet device is rotated, and water is sprayed to the metal framework through the water jet device to separate the rubber residual glue from the metal framework. The water jet device in step S2 is a horizontal water jet device or a vertical water jet device, and the vertical water jet device is used for vertical glue removal operation on the metal framework.

[0026] As shown in Figure 1 The water jet device in the embodiment comprises a spray head 5, the bottom of the spray head 5 is evenly distributed with at least one water injection hole 21, and three water injection holes 21 are arranged in the embodiment. The vertical glue removal operation is performed on the metal framework through the water jet device, the bottom of the spray head 5 further comprises a plurality of lightening holes 22 which are evenly distributed and are arranged in a staggered and spaced manner with the water injection holes 21. The lightening holes 22 are arranged to save materials, reduce the overall weight, and improve the use performance.

[0027] S3: Laser cleaning and surface rust removal treatment are performed on the metal framework.

[0028] S4: The performance of the recovered metal framework is obtained by detecting the mechanical properties of the test bar 14, specifically, the metallic properties, chemical composition, mechanical properties and surface damage of the metal framework are detected, in step S4, the test bar 14 is detected, the mechanical properties of the recovered metal framework are obtained through the mechanical properties of the test bar 14, and as Figure 5 、 Figure 6 The test bar 14 is damaged after the test, and as shown in the structure schematic view, the mechanical properties of the metal framework can be fed back through the detected test bar 14. The test bar 14 indicates that the treated metal framework is unqualified, and if the test bar 14 is not damaged after the test, it indicates that the treated metal framework is qualified. Example two

[0029] The embodiment is Figures 7 to 9As shown, the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the heat treatment fixture in this embodiment is a heat treatment box 1. During the treatment process, the heat treatment box 1 is placed entirely in a vacuum furnace. The heat treatment box 1 includes at least two heat treatment layers 2. The height of each heat treatment layer 2 is not less than the height of the metal-rubber composite vibration damper to be treated. A sliding groove 3 is provided on the side wall of the heat treatment box 1. The heat treatment box 1 includes a partition 4 that is slidably disposed in the sliding groove 3. Adjacent heat treatment layers 2 are separated by the partition 4. This embodiment shows a heat treatment box 1 including one partition 4, i.e., two heat treatment layers 2. The metal-rubber composite vibration damper to be treated can be placed in each heat treatment layer 2. Those skilled in the art can also set more partitions 4 and more heat treatment layers 2 according to the actual situation.

[0030] like Figure 9 As shown, the metal-rubber composite vibration damper to be processed in this embodiment includes a metal outer jacket 17, a metal spindle 16, a metal spacer 20, and a rubber body 15. The metal outer jacket 17, the metal spindle 16, and the metal spacer 20 form a metal skeleton. In S1, after vacuum heating, the metal outer jacket 17, the metal spindle 16, and the metal spacer 20 are separated from the rubber body 15, and then the metal skeleton is recycled through the following steps.

[0031] like Figure 7 As shown, the water jet fixture in step S2 is a horizontal water jet fixture. The horizontal water jet fixture is used to perform horizontal glue removal operation on the metal skeleton. The water jet fixture in this embodiment includes a spray head 5, and multiple water spray holes 21 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the spray head 5. The water jet fixture is used to perform horizontal glue removal by spraying the metal skeleton.

[0032] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

[0033] The specific embodiments of the present invention described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made in accordance with the technical concept of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of recovering a metal skeleton by vacuum heat treatment in combination with a water jet, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1: placing the metal-rubber composite damper and a test bar (14) on a heat treatment tool in a vacuum furnace for vacuum heat treatment, so that the rubber part and the metal part in the metal-rubber composite damper are separated, and a metal framework including rubber residue is obtained; the material and parameters of the test bar (14) are consistent with those of the metal framework in the metal-rubber composite damper to be treated; S2: placing a water jet tool in the metal framework or outside the metal framework, rotating the water jet tool, and spraying water on the metal framework by the water jet tool to separate the rubber residue from the metal framework; S3: cleaning and rust removal treatment of the metal framework; S4: obtaining the performance of the recovered metal framework by testing the mechanical properties of the test bar (14).

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The water jet tool in step S2 is a horizontal water jet tool or a vertical water jet tool; the horizontal water jet tool is used for horizontal rubber removal operation of the metal framework, and the vertical water jet tool is used for vertical rubber removal operation of the metal framework.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the vacuum heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 300- 600°C for 1- 10 hours. The water jet tool in step S2 comprises a spray head (5), a plurality of water injection holes (21) are uniformly distributed on the spray head (5) in the circumferential direction, and the horizontal rubber removal operation of the metal framework is performed by the water jet tool.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the vacuum heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 300- 600°C for 1- 10 hours. The water jet tool in step S2 comprises a spray head (5), at least one water injection hole (21) is uniformly distributed on the bottom of the spray head (5), and the vertical rubber removal operation of the metal framework is performed by the water jet tool.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the vacuum heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 300- 600°C for 1- 10 hours. The bottom of the spray head (5) further comprises a plurality of weight reduction holes (22) uniformly distributed, and the weight reduction holes (22) are arranged in a staggered and spaced manner with the water injection holes (21).

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the vacuum heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 300- 600°C for 1- 10 hours. The heat treatment tool in S1 is a heat treatment box (1) placed in the vacuum furnace as a whole, and the heat treatment box (1) comprises at least two heat treatment layers (2), and the height of each heat treatment layer (2) is not less than the height of the metal-rubber composite damper to be treated.

7. The method of vacuum heat treatment combined with waterjet recovery of metal skeleton according to claim 6, characterized by, A sliding groove (3) is formed on the side wall of the heat treatment box (1), and the heat treatment box (1) comprises a partition plate (4) slidingly arranged in the sliding groove (3), and adjacent heat treatment layers (2) are separated by the partition plate (4).

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the vacuum heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 300- 600°C for 1- 10 hours. The heat treatment tool in S1 is a heat treatment frame placed in the vacuum furnace as a whole, and the metal-rubber composite damper to be treated is hung on the heat treatment frame.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the vacuum heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 300- 600°C for 1- 10 hours. The heat treatment frame comprises a lower support (6), an upper support (7) connected to the upper end of the lower support (6), and a plurality of object supports (8) uniformly distributed on the upper support (7), the object supports (8) are arranged vertically to the upper support (7), and the metal-rubber composite damper to be treated is hung on the object supports (8).

10. The method of vacuum heat treatment combined with water jet recovery of metal skeleton according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that, The object supports (8) comprise a plurality of object supports (8) uniformly distributed on the upper support (7), the middle part of the object supports (8) is connected to the upper support (7); the two ends of the object supports (8) comprise anti-falling rods (9) inclined upward from inside to outside.

Images