Waterproof method and system for soft rock tunnel

Abstract

The invention discloses a soft rock tunnel waterproof method and system, and relates to the technical field of soft rock tunnel waterproofness, by arranging a data acquisition device, a terminal, a waterproof mechanism and a supporting structure, the data acquisition device is used for acquiring hydrogeological data of a soft rock tunnel, the terminal is in communication connection with the data acquisition device, and the terminal is used for determining the hydrogeological data of the soft rock tunnel according to the hydrogeological data. A hydrogeological model of the soft rock tunnel is obtained, a waterproof area of the soft rock tunnel is obtained, the waterproof mechanism is installed in the waterproof area, and the supporting structure is constructed on the inner side of the waterproof mechanism to support the soft rock tunnel. The waterproof area of the soft rock tunnel can be supported through the arranged waterproof mechanism, meanwhile, in the supporting process, deformation stress generated when the waterproof area of the soft rock tunnel deforms can be released through the arranged waterproof mechanism, and the structural stability of the soft rock tunnel is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of soft rock tunnel waterproofing, and particularly relates to a soft rock tunnel waterproofing method and system. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the construction of soft rock tunnels, waterproofing has always been an important factor affecting the quality of the project and the safe operation. The traditional waterproofing method mainly relies on the laying of a single waterproof layer or grouting sealing, and rigid materials are mostly used. However, due to the soft rock deformation phenomenon of the soft rock in the region where the soft rock tunnel is located, the tunnel support structure is prone to generate a large deformation stress, and the traditional waterproof layer or grouting sealing is commonly used to form a rigid support structure with the tunnel support structure. This makes the geological body of the soft rock tunnel deformed and damaged, affecting the structural safety and stability of the soft rock tunnel. SUMMARY

[0003] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a soft rock tunnel waterproofing method and system, which aims to solve the technical problem that the soft rock deformation phenomenon of the soft rock in the region where the soft rock tunnel is located makes the tunnel support structure prone to generate a large deformation stress, and the traditional waterproof layer or grouting sealing is commonly used to form a rigid support structure with the tunnel support structure. This makes the geological body of the soft rock tunnel deformed and damaged, affecting the structural safety and stability of the soft rock tunnel.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, in a first aspect, the present application provides a soft rock tunnel waterproofing system, comprising:

[0005] a data acquisition device, configured to acquire hydrogeological data of the soft rock tunnel;

[0006] a terminal, in communication connection with the data acquisition device, configured to acquire a hydrogeological model of the soft rock tunnel and a waterproofing area of the soft rock tunnel according to the hydrogeological data;

[0007] a waterproofing mechanism, installed in the waterproofing area; and

[0008] a support structure, applied to the inner side of the waterproofing mechanism to support the soft rock tunnel.

[0009] In an embodiment, the waterproofing mechanism comprises:

[0010] a plurality of anchor members, which are distributed along the circumference of the outer periphery of the waterproofing area, and each of the anchor members is anchored in the geological body at the location of the waterproofing area;

[0011] A flexible protection assembly attached to the periphery of the waterproof area and connected with all the anchorages, and capable of elongation or shortening relative to the flexible protection assembly;

[0012] A drainage assembly installed on the side of the flexible protection assembly away from the geological body of the waterproof area, and in communication with the drainage ditch through a pipeline; and

[0013] A yield support assembly installed on the side of the drainage assembly away from the flexible protection assembly, and supported on the supporting structure of the soft rock tunnel at the other end of the yield support assembly, and a waterproof layer formed at the end of the yield support assembly supported on the supporting structure.

[0014] The yield support assembly is capable of retraction and yield operation towards the supporting structure when the flexible protection assembly pushes the drainage assembly to move towards the supporting structure.

[0015] In an embodiment, the flexible protection assembly comprises:

[0016] A flexible steel mesh attached to the surface of the waterproof area and connected with all the anchorages; and

[0017] A semi-permeable membrane wrapped around the periphery of the flexible steel mesh, and the underground water seeping out of the waterproof area can seep into the side of the flexible steel mesh away from the waterproof area through the semi-permeable membrane.

[0018] In an embodiment, the pore size of the flexible steel mesh is A; wherein 1 mesh ≤ A ≤ 5 mesh.

[0019] In an embodiment, the drainage assembly comprises:

[0020] A water accumulation cover installed on the side of the flexible steel mesh away from the waterproof area, and a water accumulation groove formed at the bottom of the water accumulation cover, the water accumulation groove being inclinedly arranged, and a drainage hole formed at the bottom end of the water accumulation groove; and

[0021] A flexible connecting pipe in communication with the drainage hole and the drainage ditch.

[0022] In an embodiment, the drainage assembly further comprises a plurality of support frames, the plurality of support frames being distributed at the groove bottom wall of the water accumulation cover, and all the support frames being in abutment with the flexible steel mesh.

[0023] In an embodiment, the yield support assembly comprises:

[0024] a mounting seat connectable with a support framework in the support structure;

[0025] a waterproof film mounted on a side of the mounting seat facing the flexible protection assembly; and

[0026] a yielding support connected with the mounting seat and arranged between the support seat and the flexible protection assembly.

[0027] In an embodiment, the mounting seat has a surface area greater than that of the waterproof region on a side connected with the support framework.

[0028] In an embodiment, the yielding support is made of a steel plate and has a hollow ellipsoidal or spherical shape.

[0029] Based on the same technical concept, in a second aspect, the present application further provides a soft rock tunnel waterproof method, which applies the soft rock tunnel waterproof system of the first aspect and comprises the following steps:

[0030] collecting hydrogeological data of the soft rock tunnel, wherein the hydrogeological data comprises soft rock tunnel geological data, average deformation data and hydrological data;

[0031] obtaining a hydrogeological model of the soft rock tunnel according to the hydrogeological data, wherein the hydrogeological model comprises a water seepage distribution chart and an average deformation distribution chart of the soft rock tunnel;

[0032] determining a waterproof region of the soft rock tunnel according to the hydrogeological model;

[0033] sequentially installing waterproof mechanisms in the waterproof regions, wherein the waterproof mechanisms are in communication with drainage ditches formed in inverted arch regions of the soft rock tunnel;

[0034] forming a support structure inside the waterproof mechanisms to complete the waterproof construction of the soft rock tunnel.

[0035] The technical scheme of the present application, when in use, through the setting of the data acquisition device, the terminal, the waterproof mechanism and the supporting structure, the data acquisition device is used for collecting the hydrogeological data of the soft rock tunnel, the terminal is in communication connection with the data acquisition device, the terminal is used for obtaining the hydrogeological model of the soft rock tunnel according to the hydrogeological data, and the waterproof area of the soft rock tunnel is obtained, the waterproof mechanism is installed in the waterproof area, and the supporting structure is applied to the inner side of the waterproof mechanism to support the soft rock tunnel, the waterproof mechanism is set, the waterproof mechanism is used for waterproof supporting of the soft rock tunnel, so that the waterproof mechanism can be used to support the waterproof area of the soft rock tunnel, and in the supporting process, the deformation stress generated by the deformation of the waterproof area of the soft rock tunnel can be released by the waterproof mechanism, so that the structure safety of the soft rock tunnel is not affected, and the stability of the structure of the soft rock tunnel is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0037] Fig. 1 The structural diagram of the waterproof system of the soft rock tunnel provided by the present application is shown in the figure.

[0038] Fig. 2 The structural diagram of the waterproof mechanism of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0039] Fig. 3 The internal structure diagram of the waterproof mechanism of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0040] Fig. 4 The flow chart of the waterproof method of the soft rock tunnel of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0041] The drawings are as follows: 100, data acquisition device; 200, terminal; 300, waterproof mechanism; 400, waterproof area; 310, anchor; 320, flexible protection assembly; 330, drainage assembly; 340, pressure relief support assembly; 321, flexible steel mesh; 322, semi-permeable membrane; 331, water accumulation cover; 332, water accumulation groove; 333, drainage hole; 334, flexible connecting pipe; 335, support; 341, mounting seat; 342, waterproof film; 343, pressure relief support.

[0042] The implementation, functional characteristics and advantages of the present application will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0044] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present application involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement condition, etc. between components in a certain posture, and if the certain posture changes, the directional indications also change accordingly.

[0045] In addition, if the embodiments of the present application involve descriptions such as "first", "second", etc., the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only for description purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features limited by "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, "and / or" or "and / or" appearing throughout the text means that the three parallel schemes are included, for example, "A and / or B" includes A scheme, or B scheme, or A and B simultaneously satisfy the scheme. In addition, the technical solutions of each embodiment can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of a person of ordinary skill in the art, and when the combination of technical solutions contradicts each other or cannot be realized, it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist, and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present application.

[0046] The present application provides a soft rock tunnel waterproof method and system.

[0047] Please refer to Figs. 1 to 4 , in order to facilitate understanding, the soft rock tunnel waterproof system, comprising data acquisition device 100, terminal 200, waterproof mechanism 300 and supporting structure, the data acquisition device 100 is used for collecting the hydrogeological data of the soft rock tunnel, the terminal 200 is communicated with the data acquisition device, the terminal 200 is used for obtaining the hydrogeological model of the soft rock tunnel according to the hydrogeological data, and the waterproof area 400 of the soft rock tunnel is obtained, the waterproof mechanism 300 is installed in the waterproof area 400, and the supporting structure is applied to the inner side of the waterproof mechanism 300 to support the soft rock tunnel.

[0048] The soft rock tunnel has high deformation performance due to the soft rock in the environment. During the tunnel excavation and use, the surrounding rock mass often produces large deformation. The soft rock tunnel waterproof system collects hydrogeological data of the soft rock tunnel through the data acquisition device 100. The hydrogeological data includes but is not limited to underground water level, water pressure, rock permeability, soft rock type and its distribution, and other parameters. The data acquisition device 100 can include various sensors such as water level sensor, pressure sensor, permeability testing device, etc. The example sensors are distributed at different positions of the soft rock tunnel to comprehensively collect the hydrogeological conditions around the tunnel.

[0049] The terminal 200 is in communication connection with the data acquisition device 100 through wired or wireless mode, and receives the hydrogeological data collected by the data acquisition device 100. The terminal 200 can be a computer, a special analysis device or other device with data processing capability. The terminal 200 establishes a hydrogeological model of the soft rock tunnel according to the received hydrogeological data through the built-in analysis algorithm and model. The model can reflect the permeability characteristics of the surrounding rock mass of the soft rock tunnel, the underground water distribution and the possible seepage path. Based on this hydrogeological model, the terminal 200 can identify and determine the waterproof area 400 of the soft rock tunnel, i.e. the area that needs special waterproof treatment. The waterproof area 400 is usually an area with high underground water pressure, strong rock permeability or obvious cracks.

[0050] In the embodiment, by setting the data acquisition device 100, the terminal 200, the waterproof mechanism 300 and the supporting structure, the data acquisition device 100 is used to collect the hydrogeological data of the soft rock tunnel, the terminal 200 is in communication connection with the data acquisition device, the terminal 200 is used to obtain the hydrogeological model of the soft rock tunnel according to the hydrogeological data, and obtain the waterproof area 400 of the soft rock tunnel, the waterproof mechanism 300 is installed in the waterproof area 400, and the supporting structure is applied to the inner side of the waterproof mechanism 300 to support the soft rock tunnel. By setting the waterproof mechanism 300, the waterproof mechanism 300 is used to waterproof and support the soft rock tunnel, so that the waterproof area 400 of the soft rock tunnel can be supported by the waterproof mechanism 300, and the deformation stress generated by the deformation of the waterproof area 400 of the soft rock tunnel can be released by the waterproof mechanism 300 during the supporting process. Therefore, the structure safety of the soft rock tunnel is not affected, and the stability of the structure of the soft rock tunnel is improved.

[0051] In an embodiment, the waterproof mechanism 300 includes a flexible protection assembly 320, a drainage assembly 330, a pressure-relief support assembly 340, and a plurality of anchor members 310. The plurality of anchor members 310 are circumferentially spaced around the outer periphery of the waterproof area 400 and anchored into the geological body at the location of the waterproof area 400. The flexible protection assembly 320 is attached to the outer periphery of the waterproof area 400 and connected to all the anchor members 310. The flexible protection assembly 320 is capable of elongation or shortening. The drainage assembly 330 is installed on the side of the flexible protection assembly 320 away from the waterproof area 400 and communicates with the drainage ditch through a pipeline. The pressure-relief support assembly 340 is installed on the side of the drainage assembly 330 away from the flexible protection assembly 320 and supported by the support structure of the soft rock tunnel at the other end. The end of the pressure-relief support assembly 340 supported by the support structure forms a waterproof layer. When the flexible protection assembly 320 pushes the drainage assembly 330 towards the support structure, the pressure-relief support assembly 340 retracts towards the support structure and performs pressure relief work.

[0052] Specifically, the waterproof mechanism 300 includes a flexible protection assembly 320, a drainage assembly 330, a pressure-relief support assembly 340, and a plurality of anchor members 310. The plurality of anchor members 310 are circumferentially spaced around the outer periphery of the waterproof area 400 to ensure uniform distribution of anchoring force and improve overall stability. Each anchor member 310 is anchored into the geological body at the location of the waterproof area 400, providing a secure anchor point by penetrating the geological body. The anchor members 310 can be anchor rods, anchor cables, or other suitable anchoring devices, with lengths and diameters designed according to geological conditions and load requirements. The number and spacing of the anchor members 310 are determined based on the area of the waterproof area 400 and the geological conditions, typically with a spacing of 0.8 to 1.5 meters to ensure sufficient support force.

[0053] The flexible protection assembly 320 is attached to the outer periphery of the waterproof area 400, directly contacting the surface of the geological body of the soft surrounding rock, forming the first protective structure. The flexible protection assembly 320 is made of high-strength and ductile materials, such as high-density polyethylene mesh, flexible steel mesh 321, or other mesh structures with good ductility and waterproof performance. The flexible protection assembly 320 is connected to all the anchor members 310 and fixed to the surface of the geological body through the anchor members 310, ensuring that the waterproof membrane does not detach under the action of soft rock deformation and water pressure. An important feature of the flexible protection assembly 320 is its ability to elongate or shorten, allowing it to deform with the geological body without breaking or losing waterproof function when the geological body deforms.

[0054] The drainage assembly 330 is installed on the side of the flexible protection assembly 320 away from the geological body of the waterproof area 400, i.e., between the flexible protection assembly 320 and the yielding support assembly 340. The drainage assembly 330 is made of a water-permeable material, such as non-woven fabric, gravel layer, or drainage board, and can collect water that permeates through the flexible protection assembly 320. The drainage assembly 330 is connected to a drainage ditch through a pipeline to form a complete drainage system. The drainage ditch is arranged at the bottom of the tunnel to collect and discharge the seepage water.

[0055] The yielding support assembly 340 is installed on the side of the drainage assembly 330 away from the flexible protection assembly 320, and one end thereof is in contact with the drainage assembly 330, and the other end is supported on the supporting structure of the soft rock tunnel. One end of the yielding support assembly 340 supported on the supporting structure is provided with a waterproof layer, which serves as a waterproof barrier to further improve the overall waterproof effect. The yielding support assembly 340 is made of a compressible material, such as foamed concrete, compressible polymer material, or other materials with certain elasticity. The key function of the yielding support assembly 340 is to retract and perform pressure relief work towards the supporting structure when the flexible protection assembly 320 pushes the drainage assembly 330 to move towards the supporting structure.

[0056] When the soft rock deforms and presses towards the inside of the tunnel, the flexible protection assembly 320 is first pushed, and the flexible protection assembly 320 deforms due to its elastic properties but remains intact. The deformed flexible protection assembly 320 pushes the drainage assembly 330 to move towards the supporting structure, and the drainage assembly 330 transmits this movement to the yielding support assembly 340. After being subjected to pressure, the yielding support assembly 340 can retract and perform pressure relief work, i.e., reduce its volume to release the pressure and avoid direct transmission of the pressure to the supporting structure.

[0057] The working process of the entire waterproof system is as follows: first, the anchor 310 is fixed in the geological body to provide a support point for the entire system; then, the flexible protection assembly 320 is attached to the outer periphery of the waterproof area 400 to collect and discharge underground water in the geological body and form a protection barrier; the drainage assembly 330 is located outside the flexible protection assembly 320 to collect and discharge seepage water; and the yielding support assembly 340 is located on the outermost side, one end thereof is in contact with the drainage assembly 330, and the other end is supported on the supporting structure to form a waterproof barrier. When the soft rock deforms, the entire system can work cooperatively: the flexible protection assembly 320 deforms but does not break, the drainage assembly 330 maintains the drainage function, and the yielding support assembly 340 releases the pressure by retracting to reduce the impact on the supporting structure.

[0058] More specifically, the drainage assembly 330 includes drainage boards and a water collecting pipe. The drainage boards have a honeycomb structure, provide water flow channels, and guide the collected water to the drainage ditch.

[0059] In an embodiment, the flexible protection assembly includes a flexible steel mesh 321 attached to the surface of the waterproof area 400 and connected to all the anchors 310, and a semi-permeable membrane 322 covering the outer periphery of the flexible steel mesh 321, through which the groundwater seeping out of the waterproof area 400 can enter the side of the flexible steel mesh 321 facing away from the waterproof area 400.

[0060] Specifically, the flexible protection assembly 320 includes a flexible steel mesh 321 and a semi-permeable membrane 322. The flexible steel mesh 321 is attached to the surface of the waterproof area 400 and directly contacts the geological body, forming a first layer of protection barrier. The flexible steel mesh 321 is woven from high-strength steel wire and has good tensile strength and certain elastic deformation capacity. The mesh size of the flexible steel mesh 321 is usually 1-5 meshes, which can provide sufficient strength support and allow appropriate deformation. The flexible steel mesh 321 is connected to all the anchors 310 and fixed to the surface of the geological body through the anchors 310. The connection method can be welding, bolt connection or special connecting piece, which ensures the firm connection between the flexible steel mesh 321 and the anchors 310. The anchors 310 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the outer periphery of the waterproof area 400, usually with a spacing of 0.8-1.5 meters, and penetrate into the interior of the geological body by 20-50 centimeters, providing stable support points.

[0061] The semi-permeable membrane 322 covers the outer periphery of the flexible steel mesh 321 and covers the entire surface of the flexible steel mesh 321. The semi-permeable membrane 322 is a special material with one-way water permeability, which allows water to pass from one side but prevents water from penetrating from the other side, avoiding the loss of groundwater. In this embodiment, the water permeable direction of the semi-permeable membrane 322 is outward from the waterproof area 400, i.e. the groundwater seeping out of the waterproof area 400 can enter the side of the flexible steel mesh 321 facing away from the waterproof area 400 through the semi-permeable membrane 322. The semi-permeable membrane 322 is usually made of polypropylene, polyethylene or other high molecular materials, with a thickness of 0.5-2 millimeters, having sufficient strength and durability. The semi-permeable membrane 322 and the flexible steel mesh 321 are fixed by special adhesive or physical means to ensure that they are tightly attached.

[0062] The working principle of the flexible protection assembly 320 is as follows: when groundwater seeps out of the geological body of the waterproof area 400, it first contacts the semi-permeable membrane 322. The semi-permeable membrane 322 allows water to pass through but prevents solid particles such as silt from passing through, acting as a filter. After the water passes through the semi-permeable membrane 322, it enters the side of the flexible steel mesh 321 facing away from the waterproof area 400, and is then collected and discharged by the drainage assembly 330. This effectively prevents silt from clogging the drainage system, prolonging the service life of the drainage system.

[0063] At the same time, the flexible steel mesh 321 provides structural support to prevent the geological body from collapsing locally under water pressure. Even in the case of soft rock deformation, the flexible steel mesh 321 can deform with it without losing its supporting function. The elastic deformation capability of the flexible steel mesh 321 is achieved through the elasticity of the steel wire and the grid structure. When subjected to pressure, the grid can deform appropriately, releasing part of the stress, but still maintaining overall stability.

[0064] Traditional waterproof membranes usually completely prevent water from passing through, causing water pressure to accumulate, increasing the load on the waterproof system. The semi-permeable membrane 322 allows water to be discharged in an orderly manner, reducing water pressure accumulation and reducing the load on the waterproof system.

[0065] It needs to be particularly and explicitly pointed out that the flexible steel mesh 321 can be made of stainless steel to improve corrosion resistance. A layer of cushioning material, such as non-woven fabric or foam pad, can be added between the flexible steel mesh 321 and the semi-permeable membrane 322 to improve the fit between the two and reduce local stress concentration, further improving the adaptability and durability of the system.

[0066] In an embodiment, the pore size of the flexible steel mesh 321 is A; wherein 1 mesh ≤ A ≤ 5 mesh.

[0067] In this embodiment, by setting the pore size of the flexible steel mesh 321 to 1 mesh to 5 mesh, the application realizes the function of blocking silt and gravel in the geological body by limiting the pore size when used.

[0068] In an embodiment, the drainage assembly 330 includes a water accumulation cover 331 and a flexible connecting pipe 334, the water accumulation cover 331 is installed on the side of the flexible steel mesh 321 away from the waterproof area 400, and the bottom of the water accumulation cover 331 is formed with a water accumulation groove 332, the water accumulation groove 332 is inclined, and the bottom end of the water accumulation groove 332 is formed with a drainage hole 333, the flexible connecting pipe 334 connects the drainage hole 333 and the drainage ditch.

[0069] Specifically, the drainage assembly 330 includes a water accumulation cover 331 and a flexible connecting pipe 334. The water accumulation cover 331 is installed on the side of the flexible steel mesh 321 away from the waterproof area 400, i.e. between the flexible steel mesh 321 and the pressure relief support assembly 340. The water accumulation cover 331 is made of waterproof material, usually high-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or other water-resistant materials, with a thickness of 2 to 5 millimeters, having sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand certain pressure while maintaining shape. The size of the water accumulation cover 331 is determined according to the size of the waterproof area 400, usually covering the entire surface of the flexible steel mesh 321 to ensure that all the penetrated water can be collected.

[0070] The bottom of the water accumulation cover 331 is formed with a water accumulation groove 332, which is a recess structure inside the water accumulation cover 331, used for collecting water permeated through the semi-permeable membrane 322 and the flexible steel mesh 321. The water accumulation groove 332 is arranged in an inclined manner, and the inclination angle is generally 3-5 degrees. The example inclination angle is sufficient to make the water flow to the low end under the action of gravity, but not too large to affect the stability of the water accumulation cover 331. The depth of the water accumulation groove 332 is generally 3-5 cm, and the width is determined according to the size of the water accumulation cover 331, which is sufficient to accommodate the normal water permeation amount and prevent water overflow. The bottom end of the water accumulation groove 332 is formed with a drain hole 333, and the diameter of the drain hole 333 is generally 2-3 cm, which is large enough to ensure smooth drainage of water, but not too large to reduce the structural strength.

[0071] A flexible connecting pipe 334 is arranged to connect the drain hole 333 and the drainage ditch, forming a complete drainage path. The flexible connecting pipe 334 is made of flexible materials such as rubber, soft plastic or other materials with good elasticity. The inner diameter of the flexible connecting pipe 334 matches the diameter of the drain hole 333, and the outer diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the drain hole 333 to ensure tight connection. The length of the flexible connecting pipe 334 is determined according to the distance from the drain hole 333 to the drainage ditch, and is generally 5-20 m. The flexible characteristic of the flexible connecting pipe 334 is its key feature, which can bend and deform without blocking or breaking when the soft rock deforms, and maintain the drainage function.

[0072] It should be particularly and explicitly pointed out that the water accumulation cover 331 can adopt a modular design and be composed of a plurality of small water accumulation cover 331 units, and adjacent units are connected by flexible connecting belts. The water accumulation groove 332 can be provided with a plurality of partitions to divide it into a plurality of small areas, and each area has an independent drain hole 333 and a flexible connecting pipe 334.

[0073] In an embodiment, the drainage assembly 330 further comprises a plurality of support frames 335, which are arranged at intervals on the groove bottom wall of the water accumulation cover 331, and all the support frames 335 abut against the flexible steel mesh 321.

[0074] Specifically, the support frames 335 are spacedly arranged on the groove bottom wall of the water accumulation cover 331 to form a uniform support point array. The support frames 335 are usually made of corrosion-resistant and high-strength materials, such as stainless steel, engineering plastics, etc. The height of each support frame 335 is 2-3 cm, the diameter is 1-2 cm, and the top is arc-shaped to reduce local stress concentration with the flexible steel mesh 321. The spacing of the support frames 335 is determined according to the area of the water accumulation cover 331 and the expected bearing pressure, and is usually 30-50 cm. The support frames 335 are fixed with the groove bottom wall of the water accumulation cover 331 by welding, bolt connection or one-piece forming, etc. to ensure firm and reliable connection. The top of the support frame 335 abuts against the flexible steel mesh 321 to provide upward support force.

[0075] It needs to be particularly and explicitly pointed out that the support frames 335 can be made of compressible materials, such as high-strength foam materials or honeycomb structure materials. The top of the support frame 335 can be installed with micro-balls to enable the flexible steel mesh 321 to slide slightly in the horizontal direction.

[0076] In an embodiment, the yielding support assembly 340 includes a mounting seat 341, a waterproof film 342 and a yielding support 343. The mounting seat 341 is connectable with a support framework in the support structure. The waterproof film 342 is installed on the side of the mounting seat 341 facing the flexible protection assembly. The yielding support 343 is connected with the mounting seat 341, and is arranged between the mounting seat and the flexible protection assembly.

[0077] Specifically, the yielding support assembly 340 includes a mounting seat 341, a waterproof film 342 and a yielding support 343. The mounting seat 341 is connectable with a support framework in the support structure to form a fixed connection point with the support structure. The mounting seat 341 is usually made of metal materials, such as steel or aluminum alloy, which has sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand the pressure from the geological body. The shape of the mounting seat 341 can be annular, polygonal or other suitable shape for connecting with the support framework, and the size is determined according to the diameter of the tunnel and the arrangement of the support framework. The mounting seat 341 and the support framework can be connected by welding, bolt connection or clamping, etc. to ensure firm and reliable connection.

[0078] The waterproof film 342 is installed on the side of the mounting seat 341 facing the flexible protection assembly, i.e. between the mounting seat 341 and the pressure relief support 343. The waterproof film 342 is made of high-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or other waterproof materials, with a thickness of usually 0.5-2 mm, good waterproof performance and proper flexibility. The waterproof film 342 covers the entire mounting seat 341 and forms a certain overlapping area at the edge to ensure waterproof integrity. The waterproof film 342 and the mounting seat 341 can be connected by adhesive, hot melt welding or mechanical fixation to ensure tight connection without leakage. The waterproof film 342 serves as a second waterproof barrier, further improving the waterproof performance of the entire system.

[0079] The pressure relief support 343 is connected with the mounting seat 341 and is arranged between the support seat and the flexible protection assembly. The pressure relief support 343 is made of compressible materials such as foamed concrete, rubber or other materials with certain compression performance. The thickness of the pressure relief support 343 is usually 10-20 cm, which is sufficient to provide the necessary buffer space. The compression performance of the pressure relief support 343 is a key feature, which can produce controllable compression deformation when subjected to pressure, release part of the stress and reduce the impact on the support structure. The connection between the pressure relief support 343 and the mounting seat 341 can be achieved by adhesion, bolts or other suitable methods to ensure firm connection without affecting the pressure relief function.

[0080] It needs to be particularly and explicitly stated that the pressure relief support 343 can adopt a layered structure, and different layers adopt materials with different compression characteristics. For example, the layer close to the flexible protection assembly 320 can adopt a softer material with greater initial deformation capacity; the middle layer can adopt a material with medium hardness; and the layer close to the mounting seat 341 can adopt a harder material to provide the final support force. The pressure relief support 343 can be provided with multiple cavities or air bags inside to form a "air cushion" effect. The surface area of the side of the mounting seat 341 connected with the support framework is greater than the surface area of the waterproof area 400.

[0081] In an embodiment, the pressure relief support 343 is made of a steel plate, and the pressure relief support 343 is arranged in a hollow ellipsoidal or hollow spherical shape.

[0082] Specifically, the pressure relief support 343 is made of a steel plate, and the thickness of the steel plate is usually 2-5 mm, which has sufficient strength and certain elastic deformation capacity. The steel plate material can be selected from Q235 steel, 304 stainless steel and other materials with good ductility and fatigue resistance. The surface of the steel plate is subjected to corrosion prevention treatment such as galvanizing and spraying of a corrosion prevention layer to improve its durability. The pressure relief support 343 is processed into a hollow ellipsoidal or hollow spherical structure by stamping, bending and other processes.

[0083] When the pressure relief support 343 is in a hollow ellipsoidal shape, the long axis is usually 20-30 cm, the short axis is 15-25 cm, and the wall thickness is 2-5 mm. The long axis direction of the hollow ellipsoidal structure is perpendicular to the tunnel axis. This arrangement enables it to provide a larger deformation space in the vertical direction while maintaining sufficient stability in the horizontal direction.

[0084] When the pressure relief support 343 is in a hollow spherical shape, its diameter is usually 15-25 cm, and the wall thickness is also 2-5 mm. The hollow spherical structure has isotropic deformation characteristics and can uniformly respond to pressure from all directions.

[0085] The deformation process of the hollow structure has a clear segmented characteristic: the first stage is elastic deformation, the pressure relief support 343 can fully recover; the second stage is elastic-plastic deformation, local areas may produce permanent deformation, but the overall structure can still maintain basic functions; the third stage is plastic deformation, the hollow structure deforms significantly, but this process absorbs a lot of energy, providing protection.

[0086] It needs to be particularly and explicitly stated that in the case of soft rock with large deformation, the advantage of the hollow structure is more obvious: first, the hollow structure provides sufficient deformation space to avoid rigid impact; second, the elastic-plastic deformation process of the steel plate absorbs a lot of energy, reducing the force transmitted to the support structure; third, even after a large deformation, the pressure relief support 343 can still maintain basic carrying capacity and will not completely fail.

[0087] The inside of the hollow ellipsoidal structure can be provided with reinforcing ribs to improve the overall strength while maintaining the deformation ability. The reinforcing ribs can be arranged along the long axis or short axis direction of the ellipsoid, and the number and position are determined according to actual needs.

[0088] The surface of the hollow spherical structure can be made into concave-convex texture to increase the friction force with the surrounding material and prevent slipping during the deformation process. The shape of the texture can be annular, spiral or other suitable patterns, and the depth is usually 0.5-1 mm.

[0089] Based on the same technical concept, in a second aspect, the present application also provides a soft rock tunnel waterproof method, which applies the soft rock tunnel waterproof system of the first aspect, and the soft rock tunnel waterproof method comprises the following steps:

[0090] S100, collecting hydrogeological data of the soft rock tunnel; wherein the hydrogeological data includes geological data, average deformation data and hydrological data of the soft rock tunnel.

[0091] Specifically, in the present embodiment, the waterproof method for soft rock tunnel first needs to comprehensively understand the hydrogeological conditions of the soft rock tunnel, so it is necessary to collect hydrogeological data of the soft rock tunnel. The hydrogeological data includes geological data of the soft rock tunnel, average deformation data and hydrological data.

[0092] The geological data of the soft rock tunnel refers to the physical and mechanical property parameters of the geological body around the soft rock tunnel, including but not limited to: rock type, rock strength, rock mass structure, joint fissure development degree, weathering degree, etc. These geological data are usually obtained by drilling core, field geological survey, laboratory rock mechanics test, etc. In the present embodiment, it is preferred to use the method of multi-point drilling core, and drilling points are set around the soft rock tunnel at an interval of 5-10 meters, and the drilling depth is not less than 1.5 times the tunnel burial depth, so as to obtain comprehensive geological data.

[0093] The average deformation data refers to the deformation of the surrounding geological body of the soft rock tunnel during excavation and use, including but not limited to: tunnel vault subsidence, tunnel peripheral convergence, surrounding rock pressure, etc. The average deformation data is usually obtained by continuous monitoring with displacement monitoring instruments such as convergence meter, multi-point displacement meter, pressure cell, etc. In the present embodiment, the monitoring point arrangement interval is 10-20 meters, and the monitoring frequency is once a day in the early stage of tunnel excavation, and can be adjusted to once a week after stabilization, so as to obtain accurate deformation data.

[0094] The hydrological data refers to the underground water situation around the soft rock tunnel, including but not limited to: underground water level, underground water pressure, water inflow, water quality characteristics, etc. The hydrological data is usually obtained by drilling water level observation, pressure sensor measurement, water inflow measurement, etc. In the present embodiment, the hydrological observation point is combined with the geological drilling point, and the water level meter and pressure sensor are installed in the drill hole to monitor the underground water situation in real time.

[0095] S200, obtaining a hydrogeological model of the soft rock tunnel according to the hydrogeological data; wherein the hydrogeological model includes a water seepage distribution cloud chart and an average deformation distribution cloud chart of the soft rock tunnel.

[0096] Specifically, in the present embodiment, based on the hydrogeological data collected in the previous step, the hydrogeological model of the soft rock tunnel is established through data processing and analysis. The hydrogeological model includes a water seepage distribution cloud chart and an average deformation distribution cloud chart of the soft rock tunnel.

[0097] In this embodiment, the water infiltration amount distribution cloud map is obtained by spatial interpolation and numerical simulation of the collected hydrological data, representing the water infiltration of each region of the tunnel. The specific operation is to input the collected water inflow, groundwater pressure and other data into professional hydrogeological simulation software such as FEFLOW or MODFLOW, combined with the tunnel geometry, surrounding rock parameters and other information, to calculate the three-dimensional seepage field. The calculation results are presented in the form of a cloud map, with different colors representing different water infiltration levels. Generally, red represents areas with high water infiltration, and blue represents areas with low water infiltration.

[0098] The average deformation distribution cloud map is obtained by spatial interpolation and numerical simulation of the collected average deformation data, representing the deformation of each region of the tunnel. The specific operation is to input the collected tunnel vault subsidence, tunnel peripheral convergence and other data into professional geotechnical engineering simulation software such as FLAC3D or PLAXIS, combined with the tunnel geometry, surrounding rock parameters and other information, to calculate the three-dimensional stress-deformation field. The calculation results are also presented in the form of a cloud map, with different colors representing different deformation levels. Generally, red represents areas with high deformation, and blue represents areas with low deformation.

[0099] Combining the two cloud maps forms a complete hydrogeological model of soft rock tunnels, which can intuitively reflect the water infiltration and deformation of each region of the tunnel, providing a scientific basis for determining the waterproof area in the next step.

[0100] S300, determining the waterproof area of the soft rock tunnel according to the hydrogeological model.

[0101] Specifically, in this step, based on the hydrogeological model obtained in the previous step, the area that needs waterproof treatment is determined. In this embodiment, the determination of the waterproof area is mainly based on the following principles:

[0102] First, the area with water infiltration amount exceeding a certain threshold needs waterproof treatment. According to the experience of tunnel engineering and relevant specifications, the water infiltration amount threshold is set to 0.1 liters / minute / square meter in this embodiment. In the water infiltration amount distribution cloud map, all areas exceeding this threshold are marked as potential waterproof areas.

[0103] Second, the area with deformation amount exceeding a certain threshold also needs waterproof treatment. According to the experience of tunnel engineering and relevant specifications, the deformation amount threshold is set to 1% of the tunnel radius in this embodiment. In the deformation amount distribution cloud map, all areas exceeding this threshold are marked as potential waterproof areas.

[0104] Finally, the areas marked in the above two cases are superimposed to obtain the final waterproof area distribution map. In addition, considering the continuity and integrity of construction, adjacent waterproof areas can be combined for treatment to form larger continuous waterproof areas.

[0105] In this embodiment, the waterproof area can be further subdivided into three levels: I-level area (large amount of water seepage and large deformation), II-level area (large amount of water seepage or large deformation), and III-level area (both water seepage and deformation close to the threshold value). Different grades of waterproof area can use different specifications of waterproof materials and structures to achieve an economically reasonable waterproof solution.

[0106] S400, sequentially installing waterproof mechanisms in each waterproof area; wherein the waterproof mechanism is in communication with the drainage ditch formed in the inverted arch area of the soft rock tunnel.

[0107] Specifically, in this step, according to the waterproof area determined in the previous step, the waterproof mechanism is sequentially installed. The waterproof mechanism is in communication with the drainage ditch formed in the inverted arch area of the soft rock tunnel.

[0108] In this embodiment, the installation of the waterproof mechanism is carried out in the following order: first install the anchor, then install the flexible protection assembly, then install the drainage assembly, and finally install the compression support assembly. The specific installation process is as follows:

[0109] For the anchor, according to the size and shape of the waterproof area, the number and position of the anchor are determined. Generally, the spacing of the anchor is 1-1.5 meters, forming a uniform anchor network. The anchor penetrates through the flexible protection assembly and penetrates into the soft rock, and is fixed by expansion or grouting, to ensure that the entire waterproof mechanism is firmly anchored to the surface of the soft rock tunnel.

[0110] For the flexible protection assembly, first lay the flexible steel mesh on the surface of the waterproof area, ensuring that the steel mesh covers the entire waterproof area, and leaving at least 30 cm of overlap at the edge. The laying direction of the semi-permeable membrane should enable the water flow to flow smoothly to the drainage ditch.

[0111] For the drainage assembly, install the water accumulation cover on the side of the flexible steel mesh away from the waterproof area, ensuring that the water accumulation groove of the water accumulation cover is inclined, and the drainage hole at the low end is directed towards the drainage ditch. Then, connect one end of the flexible connecting pipe to the drainage hole, and extend the other end to the drainage ditch, ensuring firm connection and no leakage. At the same time, install a plurality of support frames uniformly on the groove bottom wall of the water accumulation cover, so that all the support frames abut against the flexible steel mesh.

[0112] For the compression support assembly, first connect the mounting seat with the support framework inside the support structure of the soft rock tunnel, ensuring firm connection. Then, install the waterproof film on the side of the mounting seat facing the flexible protection assembly. Finally, connect the compression support piece with the mounting seat, and ensure that the compression support piece is located between the support seat and the flexible protection assembly.

[0113] After the waterproof mechanism is installed, a connectivity test needs to be performed to ensure that the drainage assembly is in good communication with the drainage ditch and can smoothly drain the penetrated water. The test method can be to pour water on the flexible protection assembly and observe whether the water can flow smoothly into the drainage ditch.

[0114] S500, a supporting structure is constructed inside the waterproof mechanism to complete the waterproof construction of the soft rock tunnel.

[0115] Specifically, in this step, a supporting structure is constructed inside the installed waterproof mechanism to form a complete soft rock tunnel waterproof system.

[0116] In this embodiment, the construction of the supporting structure is performed according to the following steps: first, a layer of concrete with a thickness of 5-10 cm is sprayed inside the waterproof mechanism to form an initial supporting layer. When spraying the concrete, the spraying pressure and angle should be appropriate to avoid damaging the waterproof mechanism. After the initial supporting layer is sprayed, it needs to be cured for at least 24 hours to make the concrete reach a certain strength.

[0117] Then install the steel arch. The steel mesh usually uses Φ8@200mm steel bars, and the steel arch is selected according to the size of the tunnel section and the geological conditions. When installing the steel mesh and steel arch, they should be kept at an appropriate distance from the waterproof mechanism to avoid direct contact and damage to the waterproof mechanism.

[0118] Finally, secondary lining concrete is poured on the supporting framework to form the final supporting structure. The thickness of the secondary lining concrete is usually 30-50 cm, and the concrete strength grade is not less than C30. Pouring should be done in sections, with each section length controlled at 6-12 meters, and the concrete should be fully vibrated and compacted to avoid defects such as honeycomb and holes.

[0119] After the supporting structure is constructed, a waterproof effect test needs to be performed to confirm whether the waterproof system achieves the expected effect. The detection methods include but are not limited to: observing whether there are water seepage points in the tunnel, measuring the water content inside the supporting structure, detecting the drainage volume in the drainage ditch, etc.

[0120] The above only describes exemplary embodiments of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application, and any equivalent structural transformation made by using the content of the present application specification and drawings, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields is included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A soft rock tunnel waterproofing system, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a waterproof mechanism for soft rock tunnel, and belongs to the field of tunnel construction. The utility model discloses a waterproof mechanism for soft rock tunnel, which comprises a data acquisition device, a terminal, a waterproof mechanism and a supporting structure. The data acquisition device is used for collecting hydrogeological data of the soft rock tunnel. The terminal is in communication connection with the data acquisition device. The terminal is used for obtaining a hydrogeological model of the soft rock tunnel according to the hydrogeological data and obtaining a waterproof area of the soft rock tunnel. The waterproof mechanism is installed in the waterproof area.

2. The soft rock tunnel waterproofing system of claim 1, wherein, The supporting structure is applied to the inner side of the waterproof mechanism to support the soft rock tunnel. The waterproof mechanism comprises a plurality of anchoring members, a flexible protection assembly, a drainage assembly and a yield support assembly. The plurality of anchoring members are distributed along the circumference of the waterproof area. Each anchoring member is anchored in the geological body at the position of the waterproof area. The flexible protection assembly is attached to the outer periphery of the waterproof area and connected with all the anchoring members. The flexible protection assembly can be elongated or shortened.

3. The soft rock tunnel waterproofing system of claim 2, wherein, The drainage assembly is installed on the side of the flexible protection assembly away from the geological body of the waterproof area. The drainage assembly is communicated with a drainage ditch through a pipeline. The yield support assembly is installed on the side of the drainage assembly away from the flexible protection assembly.

4. The soft rock tunnel waterproofing system of claim 3, wherein, The other end of the yield support assembly is supported on the supporting structure of the soft rock tunnel.

5. The soft rock tunnel waterproofing system as described in claim 4, wherein, The end of the yield support assembly supported on the supporting structure forms a waterproof layer. When the flexible protection assembly pushes the drainage assembly to move towards the supporting structure, the yield support assembly can retract towards the supporting structure and perform a yield operation. The flexible protection assembly comprises a flexible steel mesh and a semi-permeable membrane.

6. The soft rock tunnel waterproofing system as described in claim 5, wherein, The flexible steel mesh is attached to the surface of the waterproof area and connected with all the anchoring members.

7. The soft ground tunnel waterproofing system according to claim 2, wherein, The semi-permeable membrane covers the outer periphery of the flexible steel mesh. The underground water seeping out of the waterproof area can seep into the side of the flexible steel mesh away from the waterproof area through the semi-permeable membrane. The pore size of the flexible steel mesh is A. 1 mesh ≤ A ≤ 5 mesh.

8. The soft rock tunnel waterproofing system as described in claim 7, wherein, The drainage assembly comprises a water accumulation cover and a flexible connecting pipe. The water accumulation cover is installed on the side of the flexible steel mesh away from the waterproof area. The bottom of the water accumulation cover forms a water accumulation groove. The water accumulation groove is inclinedly arranged. The bottom end of the water accumulation groove forms a drainage hole. The flexible connecting pipe communicates the drainage hole with the drainage ditch. The drainage assembly further comprises a plurality of support frames. The plurality of support frames are distributed on the groove bottom wall of the water accumulation cover. All the support frames are in abutment with the flexible steel mesh. The yield support assembly comprises a mounting seat, a waterproof film and a yield support member. The mounting seat can be connected with a support framework in the supporting structure. The waterproof film is installed on the side of the mounting seat towards the flexible protection assembly. The yield support member is connected with the mounting seat and arranged between the support seat and the flexible protection assembly. The surface area of the side of the mounting seat connected with the support framework is greater than the surface area of the waterproof area.

9. The soft rock tunnel waterproofing system of claim 8, wherein, The pressure relief support is made of a steel plate and is in a hollow ellipsoidal or spherical shape.

10. A method of waterproofing a soft rock tunnel, characterized by, The soft rock tunnel waterproof system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the soft rock tunnel waterproof method comprising the following steps: Collecting hydrogeological data of the soft rock tunnel; wherein the hydrogeological data comprises soft rock tunnel geological data, average deformation data and hydrological data; According to the hydrogeological data, a hydrogeological model of the soft rock tunnel is obtained; wherein the hydrogeological model comprises a water seepage distribution chart and an average deformation distribution chart of the soft rock tunnel; According to the hydrogeological model, a waterproof area of the soft rock tunnel is determined; In sequence, waterproof mechanisms are installed in each waterproof area; wherein the waterproof mechanisms are in communication with drainage ditches formed in the inverted arch area of the soft rock tunnel; Supporting structures are formed inside the waterproof mechanisms, and the waterproof construction of the soft rock tunnel is completed.

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