A method and apparatus for wheel-rail force testing of a service railway wheel

Abstract

This disclosure relates to the field of freight car testing technology, and particularly to a method and apparatus for testing wheel-rail forces on in-service railway wheels. The method uses a three-dimensional finite element model of the wheel to determine a fitting function between the normal stress output and the position radius under different operating conditions. Based on the fitting function, the radius that maximizes measurement accuracy is determined, thereby optimizing the position of strain gauges. Furthermore, based on multiple strain gauges, strain output information is determined to identify the wheel-rail forces acting on the wheel. This allows for continuous monitoring of wheel-rail forces on a moving wheel without destructive machining of the wheel and axle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of freight car testing technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for testing wheel-rail force for in-service railway wheels. Background Technology

[0002] During railway vehicle operation, wheel-rail force is the direct cause of vibration and damage to the vehicle and track system, and is the basis for evaluating vehicle operation safety. However, commonly used measurement methods can only be performed when the vehicle passes through a specific rail cross-section. When the vehicle is in other locations, wheel-rail force cannot be effectively obtained, constituting intermittent testing and unsuitable for continuous monitoring of railway vehicle wheel-rail force. Furthermore, obtaining wheel-rail force usually requires machining process holes and guide lines into the wheels and axles. These process holes and guide lines involve destructive machining of the wheels and axles, posing safety hazards to vehicle operation.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to combine wheel-rail force testing methods with in-service railway freight cars to find a method that does not damage the wheel structure and can continuously monitor wheel-rail forces during the service operation of railway freight cars. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This disclosure provides a method and apparatus for testing wheel-rail forces on in-service railway wheels. It uses a three-dimensional finite element model of the wheel to determine a fitting function between the normal stress output and the position radius under different operating conditions. Based on the fitting function, the strain gauge placement is optimized, and based on the strain gauges, strain output information is determined, ultimately determining the wheel-rail forces acting on the wheel.

[0005] In a first aspect, this disclosure provides a method for testing wheel-rail forces on in-service railway wheels, comprising: determining a three-dimensional finite element model of the wheel that is symmetrical about its axle center, the three-dimensional finite element model including at least one layer of zero-stiffness shell elements attached to the surface of the wheel; establishing multiple fitting functions for the normal stress output and position radius under multiple working conditions based on the normal stress output of the shell elements along a second direction of the local coordinate system, the working conditions consisting at least of a first lateral force, a first vertical force, and a position radius; determining a first radius, a second radius, and a third radius on the inner surface of the wheel spokes based on the multiple fitting functions; and determining strain output information of the strain gauges based on multiple strain gauges disposed on the first radius, the second radius, and the third radius, the strain output information being used at least to determine the wheel-rail forces acting on the wheel, the wheel-rail forces including at least a second lateral force and a second vertical force.

[0006] In some embodiments, the testing method further includes: pointing the second direction of the local coordinate system of the shell element to the centerline of the wheel; and constraining the degrees of freedom of all nodes of the wheel-axle connection surface based on the force state of the wheel.

[0007] In some embodiments, based on the normal stress output of the shell element along the second direction of the local coordinate system, multiple fitting functions are established for the normal stress output and the position radius under multiple working conditions, including: determining multiple working conditions based on the first vertical force and the first lateral force applied at the position radius, wherein the position radius includes at least the same angle in the three-dimensional finite element model at lateral distances of 38 mm, 70 mm and 105 mm from the wheel back; determining the normal stress output of the shell element with its center at 0 degrees under multiple working conditions; and determining multiple fitting functions based on the normal stress output and the position radius included in the working conditions corresponding to the normal stress output.

[0008] In some embodiments, based on a plurality of strain gauges disposed on a first radius, a second radius, and a third radius, determining strain output information of the strain gauges includes: disposing a first strain gauge at 30°, 60°, 120°, 150°, 210°, 240°, 300°, and 330° of the first radius and the second radius; and determining first strain output information based on the first strain gauges, the first strain output information being used at least to determine a second lateral force.

[0009] In some embodiments, determining first strain output information based on a first strain gauge, the first strain output information being used at least to determine a second lateral force, includes: determining a first strain bridge circuit based on first strain gauges configured at 30°, 150°, 210°, and 330°; determining a second strain bridge circuit based on first strain gauges configured at 60°, 120°, 240°, and 300°; and determining the first strain output information based on the first strain bridge circuit and the second strain bridge circuit.

[0010] In some embodiments, determining strain output information of strain gauges based on a plurality of strain gauges disposed on a first radius, a second radius, and a third radius includes: disposing second strain gauges at 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, and 315° of the third radius; and determining second strain output information based on the second strain gauges, the second strain output information being used at least to determine a second vertical force.

[0011] In some embodiments, determining second strain output information based on second strain gauges, the second strain output information being used at least to determine a second vertical force, includes: determining a third strain bridge circuit based on second strain gauges configured at 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°; determining a fourth strain bridge circuit based on second strain gauges configured at 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°; and determining the second strain output information based on the third strain bridge circuit and the fourth strain bridge circuit.

[0012] Secondly, this disclosure provides a wheel-rail force testing device for service railway wheels, comprising: a strain acquisition module, configured to determine strain output information of the strain gauges based on a plurality of strain gauges disposed on a first radius, a second radius and a third radius, wherein the strain output information is used at least to determine a second lateral force and a second vertical force on the wheel.

[0013] In some embodiments, the testing apparatus further includes: a signal conditioning module configured to convert strain output information into a digital signal; and to transmit the digital signal; and a data processing module configured to reconstruct the strain output information based on the digital signal; and to determine the second lateral force and the second vertical force of the wheel based on the strain output information.

[0014] Thirdly, this disclosure provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the methods described above.

[0015] This disclosure provides a method and apparatus for testing wheel-rail force on in-service railway wheels. It involves determining a three-dimensional finite element model of the wheel and, based on this model, determining the fitting function between the normal stress output and the position radius under different operating conditions. This allows for the determination of a first radius, a second radius, and a third radius that maximizes the accuracy of the wheel-rail force test. Multiple strain gauges are then arranged based on these first, second, and third radii, and the wheel-rail force on the wheel is determined using the strain output information from the strain gauges. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The present disclosure will be described in more detail below based on embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method for testing wheel-rail force on in-service railway wheels, provided as an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating another testing method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating another testing method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of strain gauges for measuring lateral force provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0021] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a lateral force measurement bridge circuit provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating another testing method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of strain gauges for vertical force measurement provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a vertical force measurement bridge circuit provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0025] Figure 9 A block diagram of a wheel-rail force testing device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0026] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of data transmission in the wheel-rail force testing device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0027] In the accompanying drawings, the same parts are referred to by the same reference numerals, and the drawings are not drawn to scale. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this disclosure, and to fully understand and implement the process of how this disclosure applies technical means to solve technical problems and achieve corresponding technical effects, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, not all embodiments. The embodiments of this disclosure and the various features within them can be combined with each other without conflict, and the resulting technical solutions are all within the protection scope of this disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this disclosure without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0029] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this disclosure are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this disclosure described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0030] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method for testing wheel-rail force on in-service railway wheels, provided as an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 1 As shown, the test method includes the following steps:

[0032] S101. Determine a three-dimensional finite element model of the wheel that is symmetric about the axle center. The three-dimensional finite element model shall include at least one layer of zero-stiffness shell elements attached to the surface of the wheel.

[0033] In this embodiment of the disclosure, a three-dimensional finite element model of the wheel can be established. Specifically, based on the three-dimensional solid model of the wheel, the wheel can be discretized into three-dimensional solid elements that are symmetric about the wheel's center using finite element components, and the three-dimensional solid elements can be assigned actual wheel material properties.

[0034] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the three-dimensional finite element model may include zero-stiffness shell elements. Specifically, a layer of zero-stiffness shell elements may be attached to the surface of the wheel. Zero stiffness means that the shell elements and the attached three-dimensional solid elements have the same deformation, but the attached shell elements do not provide additional stiffness to the wheel.

[0035] In this embodiment, a zero-stiffness two-dimensional shell element is attached to the surface of the wheel spokes, while ensuring that the shell element and the solid elements on the spoke surface share nodes. Based on this, it is easier to extract the strain response consistent with the strain gauge output in the three-dimensional finite element model.

[0036] S102. Based on the normal stress output of the shell element along the second direction of the local coordinate system, establish multiple fitting functions of normal stress output and position radius under multiple working conditions. The working conditions consist of at least the first transverse force, the first vertical force, and the position radius.

[0037] In this embodiment, the normal stress output of the shell element along the second direction of the local coordinate system can refer to the directional stress that is tangent to the surface at any position on the wheel spoke surface and points towards the axle centerline. It is understood that the second direction of the local coordinate system of the shell element is tangent to the spoke surface and points towards the wheel centerline.

[0038] In this embodiment, different normal stress outputs can be extracted under different working conditions. Each working condition may include a location radius. The normal stress output under one working condition can then be linearly fitted to the location radius included in that working condition to obtain the corresponding fitting function for different working conditions.

[0039] In the embodiments of this disclosure, different load conditions can consist of a first vertical force and a first lateral force applied to the wheel at different radii in the three-dimensional finite element model. For example, a first vertical force with an amplitude of 1 times the static wheel weight and a first lateral force with an amplitude of 1 times the static wheel weight can be applied at the same angle in the three-dimensional finite element model at a lateral distance of 38 mm from the wheel back, thereby constituting two different load conditions.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating another testing method provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 2 As shown in this embodiment, step S102 may further include the following steps:

[0041] S201. Based on the first vertical force and the first lateral force applied at the position radius respectively, multiple working conditions are determined, and the position radius includes at least the same angle of the three-dimensional finite element model at a lateral distance of 38mm, 70mm and 105mm from the wheel back.

[0042] In this embodiment, a first vertical force and a first lateral force with an amplitude of one times the static wheel weight can be applied at the same angle on the three-dimensional finite element model at lateral distances of 38mm, 70mm, and 105mm from the wheel back, respectively. This allows for a total of six load conditions. By constructing different load conditions, the force positions of the outer rail wheel when the wheel passes through a curve, the inner rail wheel when the wheel passes through a straight line, and the inner rail wheel when the wheel passes through a curve can be simulated, thereby allowing for a better determination of the wheel-rail force on the wheel.

[0043] S202. Determine the normal stress output of a shell element with its center at 0 degrees under multiple operating conditions.

[0044] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the normal stress output in the second direction, i.e. the surface tangential stress, can be extracted in the local coordinate system of all shell elements whose center is located at 0 degrees.

[0045] S203. Based on the normal stress output and the position radius of the working condition corresponding to the normal stress output, determine multiple fitting functions.

[0046] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the relationship between the extracted normal stress output and the position radius under various working conditions can be established, and multiple fitting functions can be determined. f P38 , f P70 , f P105 , f Q38 , f Q70 and f Q105Therefore, by establishing the relationship between the normal stress output and the position radius, the optimization problem of the force measuring wheel bridge scheme can be transformed into a parameter optimization problem about the first radius, the second radius, and the third radius.

[0047] According to embodiments of this disclosure, by constructing different working conditions to simulate the force on the wheel, the measured wheel-rail force on the wheel is made more accurate.

[0048] S103. Based on multiple fitting functions, determine the first radius, the second radius, and the third radius on the inner surface of the wheel spokes.

[0049] In this embodiment of the disclosure, to find the radius that maximizes the accuracy of the lateral force test, a particle swarm optimization algorithm can be used to find a first radius and a second radius that satisfy the objective function. f objQ (A,B) Take the minimum value.

[0050]

[0051] In this embodiment of the disclosure, to find the radius that maximizes the accuracy of the vertical force test, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to find a third radius that satisfies the objective function. f objP (C) Take the minimum value.

[0052]

[0053] Alternatively, the above steps may also include using differential evolution algorithms, genetic algorithms, simulated annealing algorithms, ant colony optimization algorithms, immune optimization algorithms, and fish swarm algorithms to find the optimal first radius, second radius, and third radius. Based on this, the strain gauge placement can be optimized through the above steps, thereby improving the accuracy of the strain gauge measurement results and ensuring the accuracy of the measurement method.

[0054] S104. Based on a plurality of strain gauges disposed on a first radius, a second radius and a third radius, determine the strain output information of the strain gauges. The strain output information is used at least to determine the wheel-rail force on the wheel. The wheel-rail force includes at least a second lateral force and a second vertical force.

[0055] In this embodiment of the disclosure, multiple strain gauges are arranged on the inner surface of the wheel spokes at a first radius, a second radius, and a third radius. The strain output information from the multiple strain gauges can be used to determine the second lateral force and the second vertical force acting on the wheel.

[0056] Specifically, step S104 may include, for example: Figure 3 The steps in, Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating another testing method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0057] Figure 3 As shown in Figure S301, a first strain gauge is disposed at 30°, 60°, 120°, 150°, 210°, 240°, 300° and 330° of the first radius and the second radius.

[0058] In this embodiment, 16 first strain gauge measuring points can be arranged at 30°, 60°, 120°, 150°, 210°, 240°, 300°, and 330° on the inner surface of the wheel spokes at the first and second radii. The first strain gauges are tangential to the surface of the wheel spokes and point towards the center of the wheel. The center of the first strain gauge is located at the intersection of the radius line and the angle line. Figure 4 As shown. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of strain gauges for measuring lateral force provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0059] S302. Based on the first strain gauges configured at 30°, 150°, 210°, and 330°, determine the first strain bridge circuit.

[0060] S303. Based on the first strain gauges configured at 60°, 120°, 240°, and 300°, determine the second strain bridge circuit.

[0061] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the first strain gauges at 30°, 150°, 210°, and 330° can be used as references based on the stress state of the wheel surface under lateral force. Figure 5 (a) forms the first strain gauge bridge circuit. And the first strain gauges at 60°, 120°, 240°, and 300° are used as references. Figure 5 (b) forms the second strain bridge circuit. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a lateral force measurement bridge circuit provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0062] Further reference Figure 4 The arrangement of the transverse force measurement bridge according to an embodiment of this disclosure will be described.

[0063] like Figure 4 As shown, two orthogonal Wheatstone bridges for measuring the lateral force of the wheel and rail can be arranged inside the spokes of the wheelset under test. Each lateral force bridge includes eight strain gauges on four sections of two concentric circles with radii equal to a first radius and a second radius. The four sections are located on two diameter lines with an included angle of 60°. The strain responses at the first and second radii on the same selected radius line under the action of only vertical force are compared. The difference in strain at the two measuring points decouples the lateral bridge output from the wheel-rail vertical force. The output of each lateral bridge is a simple harmonic wave with a period equal to the wheelset rotation period. The lateral force bridge outputs in the 0° and 90° directions can be denoted as follows: and .

[0064] S304. Based on the first strain bridge circuit and the second strain bridge circuit, determine the first strain output information.

[0065] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the output of the first strain bridge circuit is... With the output of the second strain bridge circuit Synthesis is performed to determine the first strain output information. Q out The synthesis formula is as follows:

[0066]

[0067] Specifically, step S104 may also include, for example: Figure 6 The steps in, Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating another testing method provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 6 As shown, step S104 includes:

[0068] S601. Second strain gauges are placed at 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270° and 315° of the third radius.

[0069] In this embodiment, eight second strain gauge measuring points are arranged at 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, and 315° on the third radius of the inner surface of the wheel spoke. The second strain gauges are tangential to the surface of the wheel spoke and point towards the center of the wheel. The center of the second strain gauge is located at the intersection of the radius line and the angle line, for example, at a reference point. Figure 7 As shown. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of strain gauges for vertical force measurement provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0070] S602. Based on the second strain gauges configured at 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°, determine the third strain bridge circuit.

[0071] S603. Based on the second strain gauges configured at 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°, determine the fourth strain bridge circuit.

[0072] In this embodiment of the disclosure, second strain gauges at 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° can be used as references based on the stress state of the wheel surface under vertical force. Figure 8 (a) forms the third strain gauge bridge circuit. And the second strain gauges at 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315° are used as references. Figure 8 (b) forms the fourth strain bridge circuit. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a vertical force measurement bridge circuit provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0073] Further reference Figure 7 The arrangement of the vertical force measurement bridge according to an embodiment of this disclosure will be described.

[0074] like Figure 7 As shown, two Wheatstone bridges with a 45° phase difference can be arranged inside the spokes of the wheelset under test for measuring the wheel-rail vertical force. Each wheel-rail vertical force bridge includes four second strain gauges on four cross-sections located on a concentric circle with a radius of the third radius. The output of each vertical bridge circuit is an approximate triangular wave with a period twice the wheel rotation period. The vertical force bridge circuit outputs in the 0° and 90° directions are denoted as follows: and .

[0075] S604. Based on the third strain bridge circuit and the fourth strain bridge circuit, determine the second strain output information.

[0076] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the output of the third strain gauge bridge circuit can be... With the output of the fourth strain bridge circuit Synthesis is performed to determine the second strain output information. P out The synthesis formula is as follows:

[0077]

[0078] According to the embodiments of this disclosure, by determining the first, second, and third radii that provide the highest accuracy for measuring wheel-rail force, strain gauges can be arranged on these radii, allowing for precise measurement of wheel-rail force even when strain gauges are only placed on one side of the wheel spokes. This effectively avoids destructive machining of the wheels and axles. Furthermore, monitoring the wheels using strain gauges enables continuous monitoring of the wheel-rail force of vehicles in service.

[0079] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the first strain output information is determined by the strain gauge described above. Q out Second strain output information P out In this case, the output information can be based on the first strain. Q out Second strain output information P out Determine the wheel-rail forces acting on the wheel. These wheel-rail forces may include a second lateral force and a second vertical force.

[0080] In some embodiments, the testing method further includes: pointing the second direction of the local coordinate system of the shell element to the centerline of the wheel; and constraining the degrees of freedom of all nodes of the wheel-axle connection surface based on the force state of the wheel.

[0081] In this embodiment, the shell elements can be adjusted so that the second direction of the local coordinate system of all shell elements points to the wheel centerline. Simultaneously, the degrees of freedom of all nodes on the wheel-axle connection surface are constrained.

[0082] According to the embodiments of this disclosure, a three-dimensional finite element model of the wheel is established. Based on this three-dimensional finite element model, the normal stress output of the shell element under different working conditions is determined. A fitting function is constructed for the normal stress output and position radius under each working condition. Based on multiple fitting functions, the radius that maximizes the accuracy of wheel-rail force measurement is determined. Multiple strain gauges are then arranged on this radius. Based on the strain output information of the strain gauges, the wheel-rail force acting on the wheel is determined. Therefore, wheel-rail force monitoring can be achieved without machining holes in the wheel and axle, and without damaging the wheel structure. Furthermore, wheel-rail force monitoring can be continuously achieved during vehicle operation without measuring the wheel-rail force at a specific location.

[0083] This disclosure provides a wheel-rail force testing device for in-service railway wheels, such as... Figure 9 As shown. Figure 9 A block diagram of a wheel-rail force testing device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0084] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the testing apparatus includes a strain acquisition module. The strain acquisition module is configured to determine strain output information of the strain gauges based on a plurality of strain gauges disposed on a first radius, a second radius, and a third radius. The strain output information is used at least to determine the second lateral force and the second vertical force acting on the wheel.

[0085] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the strain acquisition module can acquire strain output information of the wheel based on strain gauges. This allows for the determination of the wheel-rail force acting on the wheel. Therefore, by arranging strain gauges, the wheel-rail force acting on the wheel can be acquired, achieving the goal of continuous monitoring of the wheel-rail force of vehicles in service.

[0086] In some embodiments, the testing apparatus further includes a signal conditioning module and a data processing module.

[0087] The signal conditioning module is configured to convert strain output information into digital signals and to transmit the digital signals. The data processing module is configured to reconstruct the strain output information based on the digital signals, and to determine the second lateral force and the second vertical force of the wheel based on the strain output information.

[0088] Furthermore, the test apparatus of this disclosure may also include an inductive power supply module, a signal conditioning module, a signal pickup module, and so on. The various modules included in the test apparatus will be described below with reference to Figure 10.

[0089] Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of data transmission in the wheel-rail force testing device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0090] like Figure 10 As shown, the testing device may include a strain acquisition module, an inductive power supply module, a signal conditioning module, a signal pickup module, and a data processing module.

[0091] The first, second, third, and fourth strain gauge bridges are directly connected to the strain acquisition module mounted on the axle surface via wires. The strain acquisition module receives DC power from the inductive power supply module mounted on the axle surface and amplifies the strain output information from the strain gauge bridges before transmitting it to the signal conditioning module mounted on the axle surface. The signal conditioning module receives the DC power from the inductive power supply module, converts the strain output information from the strain acquisition module into a digital signal, and then transmits the digital signal wirelessly in a 45MHz high-frequency alternating signal carrier. The signal pickup module mounted on the bogie receives the high-frequency carrier signal wirelessly transmitted by the signal conditioning module and transmits it to the data processing module. The data processing module demodulates the digital signal, reconstructs the original strain output information of the first, second, third, and fourth strain gauge bridges, and uses this information to calculate the second lateral force and the second vertical force between the wheel and rail.

[0092] According to the embodiments of this disclosure, the wheels in operation can be monitored in real time through a strain acquisition module, a signal conditioning module, and a data processing module. Furthermore, the wireless transmission method eliminates noise during signal transmission, thus not affecting measurement accuracy. Simultaneously, it improves the stability and signal-to-noise ratio of signal transmission from high-speed rotating wheels, enabling long-term testing of wheel-rail forces on in-service freight cars.

[0093] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method described in the above embodiments.

[0094] In some embodiments of this example, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described in the above embodiments.

[0095] In some embodiments of this example, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described in the above embodiments.

[0096] The above description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, illustrates a method and apparatus for testing wheel-rail force on in-service railway wheels according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Using a three-dimensional finite element model of the wheel, a fitting function between the normal stress output and the position radius under different operating conditions is determined. Based on the fitting function, the radius that maximizes measurement accuracy is determined, thereby optimizing the position of the strain gauges. Furthermore, based on multiple strain gauges, strain output information is determined to ascertain the wheel-rail force acting on the wheel. This allows for rapid measurement of wheel-rail force without destructive processing of the wheel and axle, and meets the requirement of continuous monitoring of wheel-rail force during train operation, ensuring train safety.

[0097] The processor may include, but is not limited to, one or more processors or microprocessors. Each processor may be implemented as an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), Digital Signal Processor (DSP), Digital Signal Processing Device (DSPD), Programmable Logic Device (PLD), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or other electronic component, for executing the methods in the above embodiments.

[0098] Computer-readable storage media can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof. Computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, and computer storage media (e.g., hard disks, floppy disks, solid-state drives, removable disks, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, Blu-ray discs, etc.).

[0099] Computer-readable storage media may also store at least one computer-executable program / instruction, such as computer-readable instructions. Computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. Volatile memory may include, for example, random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory. Computer-readable storage media may include, for example, read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc. For example, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may be connected to a computing device such as a computer, and then, when the computing device executes the computer-readable instructions stored on the computer-readable storage medium, the various methods described above can be performed.

[0100] In addition, the computer device may include (but is not limited to) a data bus, an input / output (I / O) bus, a display, and input / output devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, speakers, etc.).

[0101] The processor can communicate with external devices via the I / O bus through wired or wireless networks.

[0102] In one embodiment, the at least one computer-executable instruction may also be compiled into or comprise a software product / computer program product, wherein one or more computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor to perform the steps of the various functions and / or methods in the embodiments described herein.

[0103] In the embodiments provided in this disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can also be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of apparatus, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of this disclosure. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than those marked in the drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in a block diagram and / or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0104] It should be noted that, in this disclosure, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element limited by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0105] While the embodiments disclosed herein are as described above, the foregoing content is merely for the purpose of facilitating understanding of this disclosure and is not intended to limit this disclosure. Any person skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains may make any modifications and changes in form and detail of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure; however, the scope of patent protection of this disclosure shall still be determined by the scope defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A wheel-rail force testing method for a railway wheel in service, characterized by, The application is applied to a wheel-rail force testing device for a service railway wheel, and the wheel-rail force testing device comprises: a strain collection module configured to determine strain output information of a plurality of strain gauges arranged on a first radius, a second radius and a third radius, wherein the strain output information is used to determine at least a wheel-rail force borne by a wheel, and the wheel-rail force at least comprises a second lateral force and a second vertical force; further comprising: a signal conditioning module configured to convert the strain output information into a digital signal; and send the digital signal; and a data processing module configured to restore the strain output information based on the digital signal; and determine the second lateral force and the second vertical force of the wheel based on the strain output information; the method comprises: determining a three-dimensional finite element model of the wheel which is symmetric about the center of the axle, wherein the three-dimensional finite element model at least comprises a layer of zero-rigidity shell elements attached to the surface of the wheel; establishing a plurality of fitting functions of normal stress output of the shell elements along the second direction of the local coordinate system under a plurality of working conditions, wherein the working conditions at least comprise a first lateral force, a first vertical force and a position radius; determining a first radius, a second radius and a third radius on the inner surface of the wheel web based on a plurality of fitting functions; and determining strain output information of a plurality of strain gauges arranged on the first radius, the second radius and the third radius, wherein the strain output information is used to determine at least a wheel-rail force borne by the wheel, and the wheel-rail force at least comprises a second lateral force and a second vertical force; further comprising: pointing the second direction of the local coordinate system of the shell elements to the center line of the wheel; and constraining the degrees of freedom of all nodes of the wheel and axle connecting surface based on the stress state of the wheel; the establishing a plurality of fitting functions of normal stress output of the shell elements along the second direction of the local coordinate system under a plurality of working conditions comprises: determining a plurality of working conditions based on the first vertical force and the first lateral force respectively applied at the position radius, wherein the position radius at least comprises distances of 38mm, 70mm and 105mm from the wheel back at the same angle of the three-dimensional finite element model; determining the normal stress output of the shell elements centered at 0 degrees under a plurality of working conditions; and determining a plurality of fitting functions based on the normal stress output and the position radius included in the working condition corresponding to the normal stress output.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, the determining strain output information of a plurality of strain gauges arranged on the first radius, the second radius and the third radius comprises: arranging first strain gauges at the first radius and 30°, 60°, 120°, 150°, 210°, 240°, 300° and 330° of the second radius; and determining first strain output information based on the first strain gauges, wherein the first strain output information is used to determine at least the second lateral force.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The first strain output information is determined based on the first strain gauges, and the first strain output information is used at least to determine the second lateral force, including: A first strain bridge circuit is determined based on the first strain gauges arranged at 30°, 150°, 210°, and 330°; A second strain bridge circuit is determined based on the first strain gauges arranged at 60°, 120°, 240°, and 300°; and The first strain output information is determined based on the first strain bridge circuit and the second strain bridge circuit.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The strain output information of the strain gauges is determined based on the plurality of strain gauges arranged on the first radius, the second radius, and the third radius, including: Second strain gauges are arranged at 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, and 315° of the third radius; and Second strain output information is determined based on the second strain gauges, and the second strain output information is used at least to determine the second vertical force.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The second strain output information is determined based on the second strain gauges, and the second strain output information is used at least to determine the second vertical force, including: A third strain bridge circuit is determined based on the second strain gauges arranged at 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°; A fourth strain bridge circuit is determined based on the second strain gauges arranged at 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°; and The second strain output information is determined based on the third strain bridge circuit and the fourth strain bridge circuit.

6. A computer program product comprising a computer program, characterized in that, The computer program is executed by a processor to implement the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.

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