A device and method for preparing a test sample of a rock mass for unloading

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of preparation device and method of unloading rock mass test sample, the preparation device includes base, guide column, sliding seat, sampling drill bit, cutting assembly and motor;Base is fixedly connected with guide column, guide column is sleeved with sliding seat;Sampling drill bit is rotatably connected on sliding seat, and moves along guide column under the driving of sliding seat;Sampling drill bit is rotated by motor, for drilling sampling;Reserved area for cutting is arranged on the outer wall of the two sides of sampling drill bit;Cutting assembly is used to cut the sample after drilling sampling according to the track of rock fissure.The application can directly sample in natural environment, and prefabricate unloading fissure inside sample, more accurately simulate the unloading state of rock in engineering practice, ensure the accuracy and reliability of mineral geological exploration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering technology, specifically to an apparatus and method for preparing unloaded rock mass test samples. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, as mineral geological exploration has progressed to the geologically complex western regions, the study of unloaded rock masses has become increasingly important. Existing technologies have significant limitations in studying unloaded rock masses, which restrict the accuracy and efficiency of mineral geological exploration.

[0003] First, in terms of sample preparation, traditional methods typically use intact, unfractured rock samples, while naturally occurring rock masses generally have fractures and structural planes. This simplified approach leads to biases in the assessment of the stability of the surrounding rock of the ore body. For example, in mine excavation or underground mining engineering, support designs may pose safety hazards due to underestimating the impact of fractures. Second, existing technologies struggle to realistically simulate the fracture characteristics under natural conditions within the sample. Ore bodies are often situated in complex tectonic environments, where fracture networks directly influence vein orientation and ore grade distribution. This technological deficiency can lead to errors in mineral reserve estimation. Furthermore, during field sampling, uneven ground conditions under complex terrain severely affect the stability of sampling equipment, resulting in low core recovery rates and poor sample integrity, which in turn affects subsequent geological analysis and evaluation. These problems collectively constrain the accuracy and reliability of mineral geological exploration and urgently require solutions through technological innovation.

[0004] In summary, the shortcomings of existing unloaded rock mass research techniques have become a key factor restricting the improvement of mineral geological exploration quality. There is an urgent need to develop targeted technical solutions to solve technical problems such as sample preparation, fracture simulation, and sampling in complex terrain. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides an apparatus and method for preparing unloaded rock mass test samples, which can directly take samples in the natural environment and pre-fabricate unloading fractures inside the samples to more accurately simulate the unloading state of rocks in actual engineering, thereby ensuring the accuracy and reliability of mineral geological exploration.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0007] An apparatus for preparing unloaded rock mass test samples includes a base, a guide column, a slide, a sampling drill bit, a cutting assembly, and a motor;

[0008] A guide post is fixedly connected to the base, and a slide is sleeved on the guide post; the sampling drill bit is rotatably connected to the slide and moves along the guide post under the drive of the slide; the sampling drill bit is driven to rotate by a motor and is used for drilling and sampling; the outer walls on both sides of the sampling drill bit are provided with reserved areas for cutting.

[0009] The cutting assembly is used to cut the sample taken after drilling, following the rock fracture trajectory.

[0010] Furthermore, the cutting assembly includes a drilling module, an electrode clamp, a cutting wire, and a mounting base;

[0011] The drilling module is positioned directly opposite the reserved area of ​​the sampling drill bit and is used to drill through holes in the sample after drilling.

[0012] The two electrode clamps are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sampling drill bit and are slidably connected to the corresponding mounting bases; the cutting line passes through the reserved area and the through hole on the sample, and the two ends of the cutting line are fixed on the electrode clamps on both sides. After the electrode clamps are connected to the pulse power supply, a discharge channel is formed.

[0013] Furthermore, the drilling module includes a mounting base, a slide rail, a first electric cylinder, a sliding seat, a motor, and a drilling bit;

[0014] A slide rail is fixedly connected to the mounting base, a first electric cylinder is fixedly connected to the slide rail, and a sliding seat is fixedly connected to the output end of the first electric cylinder, and the sliding seat is slidably connected to the slide rail; the moving direction of the sliding seat is perpendicular to the sample axis; a motor is fixedly connected to the sliding seat, and a drilling bit is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor.

[0015] Furthermore, the angle of the mounting base is adjustable, and the electrode clamp slides along the inner bottom surface of the mounting base to perform cutting.

[0016] Furthermore, the base has three or more casters and studs on its bottom surface, arranged adjacent to each other;

[0017] The bottom end of the stud is fixedly connected to a fixed plate, and several bolts are threaded onto the fixed plate. The bolts extend from the fixed plate, and the bottom end of the bolts is fixedly connected to a support foot. A spring is sleeved on the bolt, with one end of the spring abutting against the bottom surface of the fixed plate and the other end abutting against the support foot. Several pin holes are spaced apart along the axial direction on the stud, and a positioning pin is sleeved in the pin hole. The positioning pin is perpendicular to the axial direction of the stud.

[0018] Furthermore, the preparation apparatus also includes a cooling assembly, which includes a water pump, a water source, and water pipes;

[0019] The output end of the water pump is connected to the inside of the sampling drill bit through a water pipe, which is used to provide cooling water during the drilling and cutting process.

[0020] Furthermore, the preparation device also includes a touch screen for setting the drilling sampling speed, pressure, and cutting speed, angle, and length.

[0021] This invention also provides a method for preparing unloaded rock mass test samples, using the above-mentioned preparation apparatus, and the preparation method steps are as follows:

[0022] Step 1: Determine the sampling location based on the geological characteristics of the rock mass;

[0023] Step 2: At the predetermined sampling location, start the engine and drive the sampling drill bit to drill and collect samples.

[0024] Step 3: Use the cutting component to cut the sample according to the rock fracture trajectory to pre-create unloading fractures;

[0025] Step four: Uniquely identify the sample and record its sampling location, cutting trajectory, and size information to establish a sample database.

[0026] Furthermore, the specific cutting operation in step three is as follows:

[0027] Step 301: Using the drilling module aligned with the reserved area of ​​the sampling drill bit, drill through holes in the sample after drilling and sampling.

[0028] Step 302: The cutting line between the electrode clamps on both sides passes through the through hole on the sample, and the electrode clamps on both sides are supplied with pulse power to form a discharge channel, which slides along the mounting base to cut.

[0029] Furthermore, the universal wheels are used to move to the predetermined sampling position, the stud is rotated, the stud moves downward, the support feet of the bolts on the fixed plate contact the ground and lift the preparation device, so that the universal wheels leave the ground, and then the stud is limited by the pin hole and the positioning pin. By adjusting the extension length of each bolt, multi-point free support is formed.

[0030] Beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. This invention enables direct on-site sampling in the natural environment. Compared to the limitations of traditional technologies that rely solely on intact, unfractured rock samples, the obtained test samples are closer to the actual rock conditions in nature, resulting in more realistic and reliable test results. This improves the accuracy and practicality of the test results. Furthermore, by using a cutting component to pre-fabricate unloading fractures inside the sample, the prepared sample can more accurately simulate the unloading state of rocks in actual engineering projects, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of mineral geological exploration.

[0032] 2. The cutting component of this invention has a simple structure, the pre-fabricated unloading cracks facilitate operation, and the cost is low.

[0033] 3. The present invention also includes a cooling component for providing cooling water during the drilling and sampling cutting process. The cooling water can quickly remove the heat generated by the friction between the drill bit and the sample, prevent the drill bit from softening due to high-temperature annealing, and ensure processing accuracy. Secondly, it can also form a lubricating film on the contact surface, reduce cutting resistance, reduce drill bit wear, and ensure processing quality and efficiency.

[0034] 4. The base of this invention is equipped with three or more casters and studs. The casters allow for quick movement to the predetermined sampling position. The fixed plate at the bottom of the stud is threaded with several bolts to form a multi-point support structure, which enables the sampling device to be stably placed on various uneven surfaces, ensuring the balance and stability of the device, improving the drilling sampling effect, reducing safety risks during the sampling process, and providing researchers with a more convenient and efficient sampling method. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a front view of the device of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a side view of the device of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram of region A in the middle;

[0039] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A magnified structural diagram of region B in the middle;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the drilling module of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention.

[0042] The components are as follows: 1-base; 2-guide post; 3-fixed seat; 4-slide seat; 5-handwheel; 6-lead screw; 7-fixed plate; 8-water pump; 9-drilling module; 91-mounting seat; 92-slide rail; 93-first electric cylinder; 94-slide seat; 95-motor; 96-drilling bit; 10-engine; 11-pulley; 12-synchronous belt; 13-sampling drill bit; 14-first through hole; 15-wire groove; 16-mounting bracket; 17-touch display screen; 18-mounting base; 19-second electric cylinder; 20-electrode clamp; 21-universal wheel; 22-stud; 23-pin hole; 24-positioning pin; 25-fixed plate; 26-bolt; 27-spring; 28-support foot; 29-fixed bracket; 30-push frame. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0044] This invention provides an apparatus for preparing unloaded rock mass test samples, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, it includes a base 1, a guide post 2, a slide 4, a sampling drill bit 13, a cutting assembly, and a motor;

[0045] A guide post 2 is fixedly connected to the base 1, and a slide block 4 is sleeved on the guide post 2. A sampling drill bit 13 is rotatably connected to the slide block 4 and moves along the guide post 2 under the drive of the slide block 4. The sampling drill bit 13 is driven to rotate by a motor for drilling and sampling. A pulley 11 is fixedly connected to the output end of the engine 10, and a synchronous belt 12 is sleeved on the pulley 11 and connected to the sampling drill bit 13. The engine 10, pulley 11, and synchronous belt 12 are used to drive the sampling drill bit 13 to rotate. Reserved areas for cutting are provided on both sides of the outer wall of the sampling drill bit 13. The cutting assembly is used to cut the sample after drilling according to the rock fracture trajectory, and can perform straight cutting, curved cutting, or other trajectory cutting.

[0046] Specifically, a laterally extending fixing plate 7 is fixedly connected to the slide 4, and the sampling drill bit 13 is rotatably connected to the slide 4 through the fixing plate 7. Mounting brackets 16 are provided on both sides of the sampling drill bit 13, and the cutting components are mounted on the mounting brackets 16. A fixing seat 3 is provided at the top of the guide post 2, and a lead screw 6 is sleeved on the fixing seat 3. The lead screw 6 is threaded onto the slide 4, and a handwheel 5 is fixedly connected to one end of the lead screw 6. The handwheel 5 is used to drive the lead screw 6 to rotate, thereby driving the slide 4 to move along the guide post 2.

[0047] like Figure 3 As shown, a fixed bracket 29 and a pusher 30 are fixedly connected to the base 1. One end of the fixed bracket 29 is fixedly connected to the fixed seat 3, and the other end is fixed to the upper surface of the base 1. The pusher 30 is cross-fixed with the fixed bracket 29. The pusher 30 is U-shaped, with the closed end being the top end. The top end extends away from the guide post 2 and bends to facilitate pushing by the operator.

[0048] The cutting assembly in this embodiment uses wire cutting to perform linear cutting on the sample. The cutting assembly includes a drilling module 9, an electrode clamp 20, a cutting wire, and a mounting base 18. The cutting assembly can also use laser cutting.

[0049] The drilling module 9 is positioned directly opposite the reserved area of ​​the sampling drill bit 13 and is used to drill through holes in the sample after drilling. Two electrode clips 20 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sampling drill bit 13 and are slidably connected to the corresponding mounting bases 18. Figure 4As shown, the electrode clamp 20 is driven by the second electric cylinder 19, which is fixed to the mounting base 18. The mounting base 18 is located on top of the mounting bracket 16. The cutting wire is a metal wire that passes through the reserved areas on both sides of the outer wall of the sampling drill bit 13 and the second through hole on the sample. Both ends of the cutting wire are fixed to the electrode clamps 20 on both sides. After the electrode clamps 20 are powered by a pulse power supply, a discharge channel is formed. The electrode clamps 20 slide along the inner bottom surface of the mounting base 18 to make cuts. As an improvement, the angle of the mounting base 18 is adjustable.

[0050] like Figure 6 As shown, the drilling module 9 includes a mounting base 91, a slide rail 92, a first electric cylinder 93, a sliding seat 94, a motor 95, and a drilling bit 96. The mounting base 91 is fixedly connected to one of the mounting brackets 16 and is located below the mounting base 18. The slide rail 92 is fixedly connected to the mounting base 91, and the first electric cylinder 93 is fixedly connected to the slide rail 92. The output end of the first electric cylinder 93 is fixedly connected to the sliding seat 94, and the sliding seat 94 is slidably connected to the slide rail 92. The moving direction of the sliding seat 94 is perpendicular to the sample axis. The motor 95 is fixedly connected to the sliding seat 94, and the output end of the motor 95 is fixedly connected to the drilling bit 96.

[0051] Therefore, corresponding first through holes 14 and grooves 15 can be directly opened on the outer walls of both sides of the sampling drill bit 13. The first through hole 14 corresponds to the drilling position of the drilling drill bit 96 on the sample, and the groove 15 corresponds to the cutting trajectory of the electrode clamp 20 on the sample. That is, in this embodiment, the reserved area of ​​the sampling drill bit 13 is the first through hole 14 (the second through hole corresponds to the position of the first through hole 14) and the groove 15 corresponding to the moving trajectory of the cutting line. The groove 15 passes through the first through hole 14; of course, the reserved area can also be processed into a whole hollow area.

[0052] like Figure 5 As shown, the bottom surface of the base 1 is provided with three or more universal wheels 21 and studs 22, which are arranged adjacent to each other. In this embodiment, the bottom surface of the base 1 is provided with three universal wheels 21 and three studs 22, forming a three-point stable structure. The bottom end of the stud 22 is fixedly connected to a fixed plate 25, and several bolts 26 are threadedly connected to the fixed plate 25. The bolts 26 extend from the fixed plate 25, and the bottom end of the bolts 26 is fixedly connected to a support foot 28. A spring 27 is sleeved on the bolt 26. One end of the spring 27 abuts against the bottom surface of the fixed plate 25, and the other end abuts against the support foot 28. The spring 27 is used for support and shock absorption during drilling and sampling. Several pin holes 23 are spaced apart along the axial direction on the stud 22. A positioning pin 24 is sleeved in the pin hole 23. The positioning pin 24 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the stud 22. The pin hole 23 and the positioning pin 24 are used to limit the position of the stud 22.

[0053] The preparation device also includes a cooling component, which includes a water pump 8, a water source and a water pipe; the output end of the water pump 8 is connected to the inside of the sampling drill bit 13 through the water pipe, and is used to provide cooling water during drilling and sampling and cutting. It is turned on before drilling and sampling.

[0054] As a further improvement, the preparation apparatus also includes a touch screen 17, fixedly connected to the mounting bracket 16, for setting the drilling and sampling speed and pressure, the sample drilling speed and pressure, and the cutting speed, angle, and length. In this embodiment, the top of the mounting bracket 16 for the touch screen 17 is a U-shaped component, with the closed end of the U-shaped component facing outwards and the open end facing the guide post 2; the touch screen 17 is located at the closed end of the U-shaped component, and the mounting base 18 of the electrode clamp 20 is located at the top of the U-shaped component.

[0055] This invention also provides a method for preparing unloaded rock mass test samples, using the above-mentioned preparation apparatus, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the preparation method steps are as follows:

[0056] Step 1: Determine the sampling location based on the geological characteristics of the rock mass. Select representative locations within the rock mass for sampling. The sampling location is determined based on the geological characteristics of the rock mass, such as its structure, bedding, and joints, to ensure that the samples accurately reflect the properties of the rock mass.

[0057] Step 2: At the predetermined sampling location, start the engine 10 and drive the sampling drill bit 13 to drill and take samples.

[0058] When moving the device of the present invention, the pusher 30 pushes the device to move it to the predetermined sampling position using the casters 21. The stud 22 is rotated and moves downward. The support feet 28 of the bolts 26 on the fixed plate 25 contact the ground and lift the preparation device, so that the casters 21 leave the ground. Then, the stud 22 is limited by the pin holes 23 and the positioning pins 24. By adjusting the extension length of each bolt 26, multiple points of free support are formed, which can adapt to different ground conditions, ensure the balance of the device, and improve the drilling and sampling effect.

[0059] Before drilling, a water pump 8 and a water source are connected via a water pipe. The output of the water pump 8 is connected to the inside of the sampling drill bit 13 to provide cooling water during drilling, sampling, and cutting. The engine 10 is started, and its output drives the pulley 11. The pulley 11 drives the sampling drill bit 13 to rotate via the synchronous belt 12. By turning the handwheel 5, the lead screw 6 is driven, which drives the slide 4 to descend along the guide post 2, thus lowering the sampling drill bit 13 to perform drilling and sampling. The sample obtained is cylindrical. The drilling speed and pressure are controlled during drilling to avoid unnecessary damage to the rock mass. This control can be achieved via the touch screen 17.

[0060] Step 3: Use the cutting component to cut the sample according to the rock fracture trajectory to pre-create unloading fractures; specifically, the cutting operation is as follows:

[0061] Step 301: After completing the drilling and sampling, the sampled sample is drilled through the drilling module 9. Specifically, the sampling drill bit 13 is raised to the drilling position by the handwheel 5, the drilling drill bit 96 is aligned with the first through hole 14 on the sampling drill bit 13, the motor 95 drives the drilling drill bit 96 to rotate, and the first electric cylinder 93 drives the drilling drill bit 96 on the sliding seat 94 to slide forward along the slide rail 92 to drill the sample after drilling and sampling, so as to obtain the second through hole on the sample.

[0062] Step 302: The cutting line between the electrode clamps 20 on both sides passes through the second through hole on the sample. The electrode clamps 20 on both sides are supplied with pulse power to form a discharge channel. The cutting is performed by sliding along the mounting base 18 to pre-create the unloading crack.

[0063] The specific operation is as follows: continue to raise the sampling drill bit 13, pass the cutting wire through the first through hole 14 and the second through hole on the sample, then fix both ends of the cutting wire on the electrode clamp 20 and apply a pulse power supply. The medium between them will be ionized to form a discharge channel, which will cause the temperature of the local area to rise rapidly, cut the sample, and push the electrode clamp 20 along the inner bottom surface of the mounting base 18 by the second electric cylinder 19. At this time, the mounting base 18 is in an inclined state, and the cutting wire cuts along the wire groove 15. After the cutting is completed, the sample is taken out.

[0064] Step four involves uniquely identifying each sample and recording its sampling location, cutting trajectory, and size information to establish a sample database for convenient subsequent management and tracking. In this embodiment, the cutting trajectory is a straight line, so the recorded cutting trajectory includes the trajectory shape (straight line) and the cutting angle.

[0065] The samples are then preserved and transported. The processed samples are properly preserved to avoid moisture, contamination, or damage. During transportation, necessary protective measures are taken to ensure the safety and integrity of the samples.

[0066] In summary, the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for preparing unloaded rock mass test samples, characterized in that, Includes base, guide post, slide, sampling drill bit, cutting assembly and motor; A guide post is fixedly connected to the base, and a slide is sleeved on the guide post; the sampling drill bit is rotatably connected to the slide and moves along the guide post under the drive of the slide; the sampling drill bit is driven to rotate by a motor and is used for drilling and sampling; the outer walls on both sides of the sampling drill bit are provided with reserved areas for cutting. The cutting assembly is used to cut the sample taken after drilling according to the rock fracture trajectory; The cutting assembly includes a drilling module, electrode clamps, a cutting wire, and a mounting base. The drilling module faces the reserved area of ​​the sampling drill bit and is used to drill through holes in the sample after drilling. The two electrode clamps are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sampling drill bit and are slidably connected to the corresponding mounting bases. The cutting wire passes through the reserved area and the through hole in the sample, and both ends of the cutting wire are fixed to the electrode clamps on both sides. After the electrode clamps are connected to a pulse power supply, a discharge channel is formed. The drilling module includes a mounting base, a slide rail, a first electric cylinder, a sliding seat, a motor, and a drilling bit; A slide rail is fixedly connected to the mounting base, a first electric cylinder is fixedly connected to the slide rail, and a sliding seat is fixedly connected to the output end of the first electric cylinder, and the sliding seat is slidably connected to the slide rail; the moving direction of the sliding seat is perpendicular to the sample axis; a motor is fixedly connected to the sliding seat, and a drilling bit is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor; The angle of the mounting base is adjustable, and the electrode clamp slides along the inner bottom surface of the mounting base to make cuts.

2. The apparatus for preparing unloaded rock mass test samples as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The base has three or more universal wheels and studs arranged adjacent to each other. The bottom end of the stud is fixedly connected to a fixed plate, and several bolts are threaded onto the fixed plate. The bolts extend from the fixed plate, and the bottom end of the bolts is fixedly connected to a support foot. A spring is sleeved on the bolt, with one end of the spring abutting against the bottom surface of the fixed plate and the other end abutting against the support foot. Several pin holes are spaced apart along the axial direction on the stud, and a positioning pin is sleeved in the pin hole. The positioning pin is perpendicular to the axial direction of the stud.

3. The apparatus for preparing unloaded rock mass test samples as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation apparatus also includes a cooling component, which includes a water pump, a water source, and water pipes; The output end of the water pump is connected to the inside of the sampling drill bit through a water pipe, which is used to provide cooling water during the drilling and cutting process.

4. The apparatus for preparing unloaded rock mass test samples as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation device also includes a touch screen for setting the drilling and sampling speed, pressure, and cutting speed, angle, and length.

5. A method for preparing unloaded rock mass test samples, characterized in that, Using the preparation apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-4, the preparation method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Determine the sampling location based on the geological characteristics of the rock mass; Step 2: At the predetermined sampling location, start the engine and drive the sampling drill bit to drill and collect samples. Step 3: Use the cutting component to cut the sample according to the rock fracture trajectory to pre-create unloading fractures; Step four: Uniquely identify the sample and record its sampling location, cutting trajectory, and size information to establish a sample database.

6. The method for preparing unloaded rock mass test samples as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The specific cutting operation in step three is as follows: Step 301: Using the drilling module aligned with the reserved area of ​​the sampling drill bit, drill through holes in the sample after drilling and sampling. Step 302: The cutting line between the electrode clamps on both sides passes through the through hole on the sample, and the electrode clamps on both sides are supplied with pulse power to form a discharge channel, which slides along the mounting base to cut.

7. The method for preparing unloaded rock mass test samples as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Using the casters, move to the predetermined sampling position, rotate the stud, the stud moves downward, the support feet of the bolts on the fixed plate contact the ground and lift the preparation device, so that the casters leave the ground, and then limit the stud through the pin hole and the positioning pin. By adjusting the extension length of each bolt, multi-point free support is formed.

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