Multi-physical field test device based on simulation of thunder and dust coupling

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-physical field test device based on simulation of thunder and dust coupling, belongs to the technical field of climate simulation tests, and provides the following scheme that the multi-physical field test device comprises a test bin, and an upper sealing assembly is arranged above the test bin; the upper sealing assembly is lifted upwards, so that the sealing cloth is pulled open in advance to keep the test bin sealed, the lower sealing assembly is driven by the sliding rod to move upwards, the rotary clamping assembly drives the test piece to be separated from the sealing ring upwards, meanwhile, the protective cover makes contact with the sealing ring, and at the moment, the load bearing plate is lifted upwards by a certain height for material taking operation; in this way, the sealing effect of the test bin can be achieved, sand and dust are effectively prevented from overflowing from the cavity in the sample taking-out process, waste of sand and dust resources is reduced, pollution of the sand and dust to the external test environment is avoided, the environment maintenance cost in the test process is reduced, the sample taking and placing process is controlled through a pure mechanical structure, and the test efficiency is improved. And the damage of strong electromagnetic interference generated during lightning simulation to the power control system is avoided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of climate simulation test, and in particular to a multi-physical field test device based on simulation of lightning and sand coupling. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the fields of aerospace, transportation, power transmission, etc., equipment and materials are often in complex natural environments, and the influence of lightning and sand coupling environment on material performance is particularly significant. Lightning can produce strong electric field, large current and electromagnetic radiation, which may cause the insulation performance of materials to decline and the structure to be damaged. Sand not only causes wear and erosion on the surface of materials, but also carries electric charges that may interact with the electromagnetic effect generated by lightning, further exacerbating the performance degradation of materials. In order to ensure the reliability and safety of equipment and materials in such complex environments, a multi-physical field test device is needed to simulate lightning and sand coupling environment to test and evaluate the performance of the sample.

[0003] However, the existing multi-physical field test device for simulating lightning and sand coupling relies on the power control system for driving the sample taking and placing during use. The strong electromagnetic interference generated during lightning simulation easily damages the power control system, leading to device failure. Moreover, the sand in the test chamber during the taking and placing process is easy to overflow, which not only wastes sand resources but also pollutes the external test environment. In addition, the surface of the removed sample will be attached with a large amount of sand, which needs to be cleaned manually with external tools, which is complicated and still causes sand leakage during the cleaning process. This not only affects the observation and performance detection accuracy of the sample, but also further exacerbates the environmental pollution problem, making it difficult to meet the efficient, environmentally friendly and stable test requirements.

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a multi-physical field test device based on simulation of lightning and sand coupling. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to solve the problems of the existing multi-physical field test device for simulating lightning and sand coupling, which relies on the power control system for driving the sample taking and placing during use. The strong electromagnetic interference generated during lightning simulation easily damages the power control system, leading to device failure. Moreover, the surface of the removed sample will be attached with a large amount of sand, which needs to be cleaned manually with external tools, which is complicated and still causes sand leakage during the cleaning process. This not only affects the observation and performance detection accuracy of the sample, but also further exacerbates the environmental pollution problem, and the present application provides a multi-physical field test device based on simulation of lightning and sand coupling.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: A kind of multi-physical field test device based on simulated lightning and sand coupling, including test bin, upper seal assembly is arranged above the test bin, the lower wall of the test bin is fixedly connected with rack rod, the lower of the test bin is provided with extension bin, the upper wall of the extension bin is installed with ball structure, sample pretreatment mechanism is arranged in the test bin; The sample pretreatment mechanism includes lower seal assembly and two elastic air bags, two elastic air bags are installed through the upper of test bin, and the sliding rod is arranged in two elastic air bags, the upper of two sliding rods is fixed with the sealing cover of upper seal assembly, the bottom of two sliding rods and two elastic air bags are connected with lower seal assembly, exhaust assembly and rotary clamping assembly are arranged on the lower seal assembly, the two pipes of exhaust assembly are communicated with elastic air bag through the adjusting plate of lower seal assembly.

[0007] Preferably, the both sides of the test bin are provided with side covers, the upper of the test bin is provided with pressure relief valve, and the lower of the test bin is provided with a sleeve.

[0008] Preferably, the lower seal assembly includes a protective cover, the protective cover is overlapped on the upper of the extension bin, the both sides of the protective cover are fixedly connected with adjusting plate, and the lower of the protective cover is fixedly connected with the lower wall of the test bin and the sand cloth.

[0009] Preferably, the rotary clamping assembly includes a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is rotatably installed on the protective cover through bearing, the rotating shaft is fixed with chuck through the extension bin, the chuck clamps the test piece, the bottom of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a rotating roller, the bottom of the rotating roller is fixedly connected with a clamping rod, and the clamping rod is matched with the sleeve.

[0010] Preferably, the torsional spring is fixedly connected between the rotating roller and the bearing, the helical groove is formed in the rotating roller, the both ends of the helical groove are provided with straight grooves, the straight grooves correspond to the ball structure, the rotating roller moves up and down, and the ball structure smoothly passes through the straight grooves and enters the helical groove.

[0011] Preferably, the upper seal assembly includes a sealing ring and a sealing cover, the sealing ring is installed on the test bin, the sealing cover is fixedly connected with a handle, the sealing cover is overlapped with the sealing ring, and the sealing cover is fixed on the test bin through two fixed bolts.

[0012] Preferably, the lower of the sealing cover is fixedly connected with a sealing cloth, the lower of the sealing cloth is fixedly connected with a weight plate, and the weight plate is overlapped with the test bin.

[0013] Preferably, the top of the two elastic air bags is respectively provided with an exhaust pipe and a one-way valve.

[0014] Preferably, the spring is fixedly connected between the upper wall of the elastic air bag and the adjusting plate.

[0015] Preferably, the exhaust assembly includes a hose and a nozzle structure. The nozzle structure is installed through the adjustment plate. The hose extends upward out of the test chamber. The hose and nozzle structure are respectively connected to two valves. The two valves are respectively connected to two pipes. A gear is installed between the two valves. The gear can mesh with a rack by moving up and down.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a multiphysics field experimental device based on the coupling of simulated lightning and sandstorm, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This multiphysics field test device based on the coupling of simulated lightning and dust uses an upper sealing component to pre-open the sealing cloth to maintain the seal of the test chamber. A sliding rod drives the lower sealing component upwards, causing the rotating clamping component to lift the specimen out of the sealing ring. Simultaneously, the protective cover contacts the sealing ring, and the load-bearing plate is raised to a certain height for sample removal. This method achieves a sealing effect on the test chamber, effectively preventing dust from overflowing from the cavity during sample removal. This reduces waste of dust resources and avoids dust pollution of the external test environment, lowering environmental maintenance costs during the test. Furthermore, by using a purely mechanical structure to control the sample removal and placement process, it avoids damage to the power control system caused by strong electromagnetic interference generated during lightning simulation.

[0017] 2. This multiphysics field test device based on the coupling of simulated lightning and dust uses a sampling process to cause the elastic airbag to contract, allowing the gas inside the airbag to be ejected through the nozzle structure to clean the specimen. After the rotating clamping assembly rises, the ball bearing structure enters the spiral groove, at which point the rotating clamping assembly drives the specimen to rotate for cleaning. This can automatically complete the cleaning of dust on the surface of the specimen, improving the convenience of the test operation and the accuracy of subsequent testing. Moreover, the cleaned dust is directly recycled back into the test chamber, avoiding the need for a second recycling operation.

[0018] 3. This multiphysics field test device based on the coupling of simulated lightning and dust maintains the airtightness of the test chamber by unfolding the sealing cloth of the upper sealing component. The lower sealing component and the rotating clamping component are moved by the sliding rod, so that the ball structure enters the spiral groove, which drives the rotating clamping component and the specimen to rotate. At the same time, the elastic airbag contracts and exhausts air through the exhaust component, thereby cleaning the dust on the specimen. The cleaning process is sealed until the upper sealing component contacts the sealing ring, allowing the specimen to be removed from the sealing ring for easy handling. This method not only seals the test chamber and prevents dust from flying out during the process of removing the specimen from the test chamber, but also automatically cleans the dust adhering to the surface of the sample. There is no need to use external tools for manual cleaning, which simplifies the test operation process and saves manpower and time costs. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1This is a three-dimensional view of a multiphysics field experimental device based on the coupling of simulated lightning and sandstorm, as proposed in this invention. Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional view of the test chamber of a multiphysics test device based on the coupling of simulated lightning and sandstorm proposed in this invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional three-dimensional view of a multiphysics field experimental device based on the coupling of simulated lightning and dust, as proposed in this invention. Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional view of a partial cross-section of the test chamber of a multiphysics test device based on the coupling of simulated lightning and dust, as proposed in this invention. Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional perspective view of the extension chamber of a multiphysics field test device based on the coupling of simulated lightning and dust, as proposed in this invention. Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional view of the rotating clamping component of a multiphysics field test device based on the coupling of simulated lightning and dust, as proposed in this invention. Figure 7 In this invention Figure 5 Enlarged view of point A; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the upper sealing component of a multiphysics field test device based on the coupling of simulated lightning and dust, as proposed in this invention. Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional view of the exhaust assembly of a multiphysics field test device based on the coupling of simulated lightning and dust, as proposed in this invention. Figure 10 In this invention Figure 8 Enlarged view at point B.

[0020] In the diagram: 100, Test chamber; 101, Side cover; 102, Pressure relief valve; 103, Upper sealing assembly; 1031, Sealing cover; 1032, Sealing cloth; 1033, Handle; 1034, Load-bearing plate; 1035, Fixing bolt structure; 1036, Sealing ring; 104, Toothed rod; 105, Extension chamber; 106, Ball bearing structure; 107, Slip sleeve; 200, Sample pretreatment mechanism; 201, Elastic airbag; 202, Slide rod; 203, Exhaust pipe; 204, Spring ; 205, One-way valve; 206, Rotary clamping assembly; 2061, Chuck; 2062, Rotating shaft; 2063, Torsion spring; 2064, Rotating roller; 2065, Spiral groove; 2066, Clamping rod; 2067, Bearing; 207, Lower sealing assembly; 2071, Protective cover; 2072, Sandproof cloth; 2073, Adjusting plate; 208, Exhaust assembly; 2081, Gear; 2082, Hose; 2083, Valve; 2084, Nozzle structure; 2085, Pipeline. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0023] Example 1: Refer to Figures 1-5 , Figure 8 and Figure 10 A multiphysics experimental device based on the coupling of simulated lightning and dust includes a test chamber 100. Side covers 101 are provided on both sides of the test chamber 100. The detachable design of the side covers 101 facilitates the assembly of lightning simulation equipment and dust simulation equipment within the test chamber 100. A pressure relief valve 102 is provided above the test chamber 100, allowing for pre-depressurization before removing the test specimen after the test. A retaining sleeve 107 is installed below the test chamber 100. An upper sealing assembly 103 is provided above the test chamber 100, including a sealing ring 1036 and a sealing cover 1031. The sealing ring 1036 is installed on the test chamber 100, and a handle 1033 is fixedly connected to the sealing cover 1031. The sealing cover 1031 overlaps with the sealing ring 1036 and is fixed to the test chamber by two fixing bolts 1035. On the test chamber 100, the sealing cover 1031 can be locked onto the test chamber 100 by the fixing bolt structure 1035, so that the sealing cover 1031 and the sealing ring 1036 can be tightly pressed together to maintain the airtightness of the test chamber 100. A sealing cloth 1032 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sealing cover 1031, and a load plate 1034 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sealing cloth 1032. The weight of the load plate 1034 can press down the lower end of the sealing cloth 1032, so that the sealing cloth 1032 can be unfolded upward in sequence to maintain the airtightness. When the load plate 1034 is lifted, the specimen can be picked up and put down. The load plate 1034 overlaps with the test chamber 100. A toothed rod 104 is fixedly connected to the lower wall of the test chamber 100. An extension chamber 105 is provided at the bottom of the test chamber 100. A ball bearing structure 106 is installed on the upper wall of the extension chamber 105. A sample pretreatment mechanism 200 is provided in the test chamber 100. The sample pretreatment mechanism 200 includes a lower sealing assembly 207 and two elastic airbags 201. The lower sealing assembly 207 includes a protective cover 2071, which overlaps the upper part of the extension chamber 105. Adjustment plates 2073 are fixedly connected to both sides of the protective cover 2071. A sandproof cloth 2072 is fixedly connected between the lower part of the protective cover 2071 and the lower wall of the test chamber 100. The sandproof cloth 2072 unfolds with the protective cover 2071, thereby ensuring the sealing performance. After the protective cover 2071 contacts the sealing ring 1036, it further ensures the sealing of the test chamber 100 and prevents sand and dust from leaking out. Two elastic airbags 201 are installed above the test chamber 100, and each elastic airbag 201 is provided with a slide rod 202. The slide rod 202 can connect the sealing cover 1031 to the adjusting plate 2073, so that the movement of the sealing cover 1031 can be smoothly driven by the slide rod 202 to move the adjusting plate 2073. The upper part of the two slide rods 202 is fixed to the sealing cover 1031 of the upper sealing assembly 103. The bottom ends of the two slide rods 202 and the two elastic airbags 201 are connected to the lower sealing assembly 207. The lower sealing assembly 207 is provided with an exhaust assembly 208 and a rotating clamping assembly 206.

[0024] In this embodiment: by lifting the upper sealing assembly 103, the sealing cloth 1032 is pre-opened to keep the test chamber 100 sealed, and the lower sealing assembly 207 is driven upward by the slide rod 202, so that the rotating clamping assembly 206 drives the specimen upward to disengage from the sealing ring 1036. At the same time, the protective cover 2071 contacts the sealing ring 1036. At this time, the load plate 1034 is lifted to a certain height to carry out the material handling operation. This method can achieve the sealing effect of the test chamber 100, effectively preventing sand and dust from overflowing from the cavity during the sample removal process. This reduces the waste of sand and dust resources and avoids the pollution of the external test environment by sand and dust, reducing the environmental maintenance cost during the test process. Moreover, by using a purely mechanical structure to control the sample handling process, the damage to the power control system caused by the strong electromagnetic interference generated during lightning simulation is avoided.

[0025] Example 2: Refer to Figures 6-7 and Figure 9 Figure 10A multiphysics field experimental device based on simulated lightning and dust coupling includes a rotary clamping assembly 206. The rotary clamping assembly 206 includes a rotating shaft 2062, which is rotatably mounted on a protective cover 2071 via a bearing 2067. The rotating shaft 2062 maintains stable rotation via the bearing 2067, thus maintaining stable rotation of the chuck 2061 and the rotating roller 2064. The rotating shaft 2062 passes through an extension chamber 105 and is fixed to the chuck 2061. The chuck 2061 can fix the specimen, preventing it from tipping over. The chuck 2061 clamps the specimen. The bottom end of the rotating shaft 2062 is fixedly connected to the rotating roller 2064, and the bottom end of the rotating roller 2064 is fixedly connected to a locking rod 2066. The locking rod 2066 is adapted to the shape of a clamping sleeve 107. By engaging the locking rod 2066 with the clamping sleeve 107, the rotating roller 2064 can be locked, ensuring the stability of the rotary clamping assembly. To ensure the stability of 206, a torsion spring 2063 is fixedly connected between the rotating roller 2064 and the bearing 2067. The torsion spring 2063 can drive the rotating roller 2064 to reset after the ball structure 106 disengages from the spiral groove 2065. At the same time, it can maintain the angle of the rotating roller 2064 so that the two ends of the spiral groove 2065 can be vertically aligned with the ball structure 106. The rotating roller 2064 has a spiral groove 2065, and the two ends of the spiral groove 2065 are set as straight grooves. The design of the two ends of the spiral groove 2065 as straight grooves allows the ball structure 106 to smoothly enter the spiral groove 2065. The spiral groove 2065 and the ball structure 106 cooperate to realize the rotation of the rotating roller 2064, thereby driving the specimen to rotate for cleaning. The straight groove corresponds to the ball structure 106, so that the rotating roller 2064 can move up and down, and the ball structure 106 can smoothly pass through the straight groove and enter the spiral groove 2065. Two pipes 2085 of the exhaust assembly 208 pass through the adjusting plate 2073 of the lower sealing assembly 207 and communicate with the elastic airbag 201. The tops of the two elastic airbags 201 are respectively equipped with an exhaust pipe 203 and a one-way valve 205. The exhaust pipe 203 allows for the exhaust and intake of air from the elastic airbags 201. The design of the two elastic airbags 201 maintains the stability of the rotating clamping assembly 206. A spring 204 is fixedly connected between the upper wall of the elastic airbag 201 and the adjusting plate 2073. The spring 204 assists the elastic airbag 201 in achieving a downward reset action, and the reset of the elastic airbag 201 can achieve the purpose of air intake through the one-way valve 205. The exhaust assembly 208 includes a flexible hose 2082 and a nozzle structure 2084. The nozzle structure 2084 is installed through the adjusting plate 2073. The hose 2082 extends upwards out of the test chamber 100. The flexibility of the hose 2082 allows the adjusting plate 2073 to move smoothly up and down. The hose 2082 and the nozzle structure 2084 are connected to two valves 2083. The opposite opening and closing design of the two valves 2083 allows gas to be pre-exhausted through the nozzle structure 2084, thus cleaning the specimen. When the gear 2081 rises a certain distance and engages with the rack 104, the valve 2083 switches between opening and closing. At this time, gas can be exhausted through the hose 2082, preventing the specimen from disturbing the dust inside the test chamber 100 again after rising, thus increasing the adhesion of floating dust. The two valves 2083 are connected to two pipes 2085, and a gear 2081 is installed between the two valves 2083. The gear 2081 can mesh with the rack 104 by moving up and down.

[0026] In this embodiment: the sampling process causes the elastic airbag 201 to contract, allowing the gas inside the elastic airbag 201 to be ejected through the nozzle structure 2084, thereby cleaning the specimen. After the rotating clamping assembly 206 rises, the ball bearing structure 106 enters the spiral groove 2065. At this time, the ball bearing structure 106 drives the rotating roller 2064 and the rotating shaft 2062 to rotate through the spiral groove 2065. The rotating shaft 2062 drives the specimen to rotate through the chuck 2061 to perform the cleaning operation. This can automatically complete the cleaning of sand and dust on the surface of the specimen, improving the convenience of the test operation and the accuracy of subsequent testing. Moreover, the cleaned sand and dust are directly recycled back to the test chamber 100, avoiding the need for a second recycling operation.

[0027] Example 3: Reference Figures 3-5 and Figure 7 A multiphysics field test device based on the coupling of simulated lightning and dust includes a test chamber 100, an upper sealing assembly 103 is provided above the test chamber 100, a toothed rod 104 is fixedly connected to the lower wall of the test chamber 100, an extension chamber 105 is provided below the test chamber 100, a ball bearing structure 106 is installed on the upper wall of the extension chamber 105, and a sample pretreatment mechanism 200 is provided in the test chamber 100. The sample pretreatment mechanism 200 includes a lower sealing assembly 207 and two elastic airbags 201. The two elastic airbags 201 are installed above the test chamber 100, and each elastic airbag 201 is provided with a sliding rod 202. The upper part of the two sliding rods 202 is fixed to the sealing cover 1031 of the upper sealing assembly 103. The bottom ends of the two sliding rods 202 and the two elastic airbags 201 are connected to the lower sealing assembly 207. The lower sealing assembly 207 is provided with an exhaust assembly 208 and a rotating clamping assembly 206. The two pipes 2085 of the exhaust assembly 208 pass through the adjusting plate 2073 of the lower sealing assembly 207 and communicate with the elastic airbags 201.

[0028] In this embodiment: the sealing cloth 1032 of the upper sealing component 103 unfolds to maintain the airtightness of the test chamber 100. The slide rod 202 drives the lower sealing component 207 and the rotating clamping component 206 to move, so that the ball structure 106 enters the spiral groove 2065, which drives the rotating clamping component 206 and the specimen to rotate. At the same time, the elastic airbag 201 contracts and exhausts air through the exhaust component 208 to clean the sand and dust on the specimen. The cleaning process is kept sealed until the upper sealing component 103 contacts the sealing ring 1036, so that the specimen can be easily removed from the sealing ring 1036. In this way, during the process of removing the specimen from the test chamber 100, the test chamber 100 is not only sealed to prevent sand and dust from flying out, but also the sand and dust attached to the surface of the specimen can be automatically cleaned at the same time. There is no need to use external tools for manual cleaning, which simplifies the test operation process and saves manpower and time costs.

[0029] Working principle: By assembling one end of the lightning simulation device and one end of the sand and dust simulation device into the test chamber 100 through the mounting holes of the side cover 101, the lightning simulation device and the sand and dust simulation device simulate the coupling environment of lightning and sand and dust to carry out physical environment testing of the specimen. After testing, remove the fixing bolt structure 1035. At this time, pull up the handle 1033. The sealing cover 1031 drives the sealing cloth 1032 to unfold upward, and at the same time, it drives the slide rod 202 to move. The slide rod 202 drives the adjusting plate 2073 to move, causing the spring 204 to deform. The adjusting plate 2073 drives the exhaust assembly 208 to move upward, and through the protective cover 2071, it drives the rotating clamping assembly 206 and the test piece to move upward. At the same time, the sandproof cloth 2072 unfolds upward to maintain the seal. When the rotating roller 2064 moves upward, the ball bearing structure 106 enters the arc-shaped surface through the straight groove of the spiral groove 2065, causing the ball bearing structure 106 to control the rotation of the rotating roller 2064. This rotation, in turn, drives the specimen to rotate via the rotating shaft 2062 and chuck 2061. Simultaneously, the adjusting plate 2073 rises, causing the elastic airbag 201 to contract. The internal gas is discharged through the pipe 2085 and first through the nozzle structure 2084, thus blowing away sand and dust from the specimen surface. After cleaning, the ball bearing structure 106 exits from the spiral groove 2065. As the specimen detaches from below 5, it continues to rise. Simultaneously, due to the opposite opening and closing design of the two valves 2083, the gear 2081 moves upward a short distance before engaging with the rack 104, causing the gear 2081 to switch the opening and closing of the two valves 2083. At this time, air is released through the hose 2082, and the protective cover 2071 contacts the sealing ring 1036 upward, allowing the specimen to be removed from the test chamber 100. The sealing cloth 1032 lifts the load plate 1034, exposing the specimen for removal. After removal, the specimen is reinstalled via chuck 2061, and then the adjusting plate 2073 is reset downwards with the assistance of spring 204, allowing the specimen to be re-entered into test chamber 100. Gear 2081 then switches the opening and closing of valve 2083 again via rack 104. Subsequently, protective cover 2071 is pressed onto extension chamber 105, and roller 2064 drives chuck 2066 to engage with sleeve 107 to complete the reset action. The sealing cover 1031 is positioned by fixing bolt structure 1035, and a new round of test operations is then performed.

[0030] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-physical field test device based on simulated lightning and sand coupling, comprising a test bin (100), characterized in that, The upper side of the test chamber (100) is provided with an upper sealing assembly (103), the lower wall of the test chamber (100) is fixedly connected with a toothed rod (104), the lower side of the test chamber (100) is provided with an extension chamber (105), the upper wall of the extension chamber (105) is installed with a ball structure (106), and a sample pretreatment mechanism (200) is arranged in the test chamber (100). The sample pretreatment mechanism (200) comprises a lower sealing assembly (207) and two elastic air bags (201), the two elastic air bags (201) are installed through the upper side of the test chamber (100), the two elastic air bags (201) are each provided with a sliding rod (202), the upper side of the two sliding rods (202) is fixed with a sealing cover (1031) of the upper sealing assembly (103), the bottom ends of the two sliding rods (202) and the two elastic air bags (201) are connected with the lower sealing assembly (207), the lower sealing assembly (207) is provided with an exhaust assembly (208) and a rotary clamping assembly (206), and the two pipelines (2085) of the exhaust assembly (208) pass through the adjusting plate (2073) of the lower sealing assembly (207) and are communicated with the elastic air bags (201). 2.The multi-physical field test device based on coupling of simulated lightning and sand dust according to claim 1, wherein The two sides of the test chamber (100) are provided with side covers (101), the upper side of the test chamber (100) is provided with a pressure relief valve (102), and the lower side of the test chamber (100) is installed with a clamping sleeve (107). 3.The multi-physical field test device based on coupling of simulated lightning and sand dust according to claim 1, wherein, The lower sealing assembly (207) comprises a protective cover (2071), the protective cover (2071) overlaps the upper side of the extension chamber (105), the two sides of the protective cover (2071) are fixedly connected with adjusting plates (2073), and the lower side of the protective cover (2071) and the lower wall of the test chamber (100) are fixedly connected with a sandproof cloth (2072).

4. The multi-physical field test device based on coupling of simulated lightning and sand dust according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rotary clamping assembly (206) comprises a rotating shaft (2062), the rotating shaft (2062) is rotatably installed on the protective cover (2071) through a bearing (2067), the rotating shaft (2062) penetrates through the extension chamber (105) and is fixed with a chuck (2061), the chuck (2061) clamps the test piece, the bottom end of the rotating shaft (2062) is fixedly connected with a rotating roller (2064), the bottom end of the rotating roller (2064) is fixedly connected with a clamping rod (2066), and the clamping rod (2066) is matched with the shape of the clamping sleeve (107).

5. The multi-physical field test device based on coupling of simulated lightning and sand dust according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rotating roller (2064) and the bearing (2067) are fixedly connected with a torsional spring (2063), the rotating roller (2064) is provided with a spiral groove (2065), the two ends of the spiral groove (2065) are provided with straight grooves, the straight grooves correspond to the ball structure (106), the rotating roller (2064) moves up and down, and the ball structure (106) smoothly passes through the straight grooves and enters the spiral groove (2065). 6.The multi-physical field test device based on coupling of simulated lightning and sand dust according to claim 1, wherein, The upper sealing assembly (103) comprises a sealing ring (1036) and a sealing cover (1031), the sealing ring (1036) is installed on the test chamber (100), the sealing cover (1031) is fixedly connected with a handle (1033), the sealing cover (1031) is overlapped with the sealing ring (1036), and the sealing cover (1031) is fixed on the test chamber (100) through two fixed bolt structures (1035).

7. The multi-physical field test device based on coupling of simulated lightning and sand dust according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sealing cover (1031) is fixedly connected with a sealing cloth (1032) below, the sealing cloth (1032) is fixedly connected with a weight bearing plate (1034) below, and the weight bearing plate (1034) is overlapped with the test chamber (100). 8.The multi-physical field test device based on coupling of simulated lightning and sand dust according to claim 1, wherein, The top end of the two elastic air bags (201) is respectively provided with an exhaust pipe (203) and a one-way valve (205).

9. The multi-physical field test device based on coupling of simulated lightning and sand dust according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper wall of the elastic air bag (201) is fixedly connected with a spring (204) and an adjusting plate (2073).

10. The multi-physical field test device based on coupling of simulated lightning and sand dust according to claim 3, characterized in that, The exhaust assembly (208) comprises a hose (2082) and a spray head structure (2084), the spray head structure (2084) is installed on the adjusting plate (2073) in a penetrating mode, the hose (2082) is upwardly arranged out of the test chamber (100), the hose (2082) and the spray head structure (2084) are respectively communicated with two valves (2083), the two valves (2083) are respectively communicated with two pipelines (2085), a gear (2081) is installed between the two valves (2083), and the gear (2081) is movably connected with the toothed rod (104) through up-down movement.

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