Method and apparatus for supporting positioning by using environmental Internet of Things device

Abstract

A method and apparatus for determining a location. The electronic device broadcasts a signal, and then receives a modulated signal similar to the broadcast signal transmitted by the electronic device in response to the broadcast signal. Location information is extracted from the received modulated signal using an identifier of the electronic device. The extracted location information is then used to determine the location.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates generally to the field of position determination, and more specifically to determining position using environmental internet of things devices. BACKGROUND

[0002] Many vehicles implement a variety of different functions by obtaining their current position. Vehicles with different levels of autonomous driving capability, referred to as autonomous vehicles, require accurate position information that can be obtained quickly to control their position. Currently, the primary method for autonomous vehicles to determine their position is to obtain a position estimate from information received from satellites of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), such as the United States’ global positioning system (GPS), Japan’s Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), China’s BeiDou, the European Union’s Galileo, and Russia’s Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS). However, there is an inherent uncertainty in the position accuracy of these satellite systems, which is a characteristic of the inherent operating mechanisms of these systems. While this systematic error can be acceptable in some situations, in autonomous vehicles, these position errors can cause significant issues. It should also be understood that at all geographic locations, it can be extremely difficult or even impossible to determine position through satellite signals, as weather conditions, geological formations, and even modern architecture can cause signal attenuation and blockage, which can affect the receiver’s ability to acquire a sufficient number of satellites in view. For autonomous vehicles that require reliable, consistent, and accurate position information, relying solely on satellite-based systems can not be sufficient to meet the demand.

[0003] Therefore, there is a need for a system and method that at least partially addresses one or more limitations of the prior art.

[0004] The purpose of the background is to reveal information that the applicant believes can be relevant to the present application. It is not necessary to acknowledge or interpret any of the above information as constituting prior art against the present application. SUMMARY

[0005] It is an object of embodiments of the present disclosure to provide a method and apparatus for determining position using environmental internet of things devices.

[0006] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for determining a location is provided. The method includes broadcasting a signal. The method also includes receiving a modulated signal identical to the broadcasted signal transmitted by an electronic device. Then, location information is extracted from the received modulated signal using an identifier of the electronic device, and the location is determined according to the extracted location information.

[0007] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for providing location information performed by an electronic device is provided. The method includes receiving a signal, and then modulating the information to a signal identical to the received signal using the received signal. The method also includes transmitting the modulated signal identical to the received signal.

[0008] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, an apparatus for determining a location is provided. The apparatus includes a transmitter for broadcasting a signal, and a receiver for receiving a modulated signal identical to the broadcasted signal. The apparatus also includes a memory for storing machine executable instructions. When the instructions are executed by a processor, the apparatus is configured to extract information from the received modulated signal using an identifier of a device that modulated the received modulated signal. The instructions also instruct the processor to process the extracted information to determine a location of the apparatus.

[0009] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, an apparatus for determining a location is provided. The apparatus includes a receiver for receiving a signal. The apparatus also includes a memory for storing machine executable instructions. When the instructions are read from the memory and executed by a processor, the apparatus is configured to add information to the received signal, and frequency shift the received signal to be identical to the received signal. The apparatus also includes a transmitter for transmitting the frequency shifted signal identical to the received signal.

[0010] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for communicating with a connected autonomous vehicle and a mobile network performed by an environmental electronic device is provided. The method includes receiving information from a node within the mobile network, and receiving a signal from the connected autonomous vehicle. The method also includes modulating the received information onto a signal identical to the received signal. The method also includes transmitting the modulated signal identical to the received signal to the connected autonomous vehicle.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, an apparatus is provided, comprising a processor, a memory, a transmitter and a receiver in an environmental electronic device for communicating with a connected autonomous vehicle and a mobile network. The apparatus comprises a receiver for receiving a first signal of the mobile network and a second signal of the connected autonomous vehicle. The apparatus further comprises a memory for storing machine executable instructions, wherein when the machine executable instructions are executed by the processor, the processor is caused to perform the following operations: extracting configuration information and non-configuration information from the received signals; modifying the second signal by adding the non-configuration information to the second signal; frequency shifting the modified signal to be identical to the second signal. The apparatus further comprises a transmitter for transmitting the frequency shifted signal identical to the second signal.

[0012] Embodiments are described above in connection with various aspects of the present disclosure. Embodiments can be implemented based on these aspects. Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments can be implemented in connection with the aspects described, but also in combination with other embodiments of the aspects. When embodiments are mutually exclusive or incompatible with each other, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Some embodiments can be described in connection with one aspect, but can also be applicable to other aspects, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0013] Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the disclosure.

[0014] Figure 1 A network architecture provided by the present disclosure is shown.

[0015] Figure 2 A detailed network architecture provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0016] Figure 3 An alternative network architecture model provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0017] Figure 4 A network architecture model provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, including communication with two environmental electronic devices.

[0018] Figure 5 An alternative network architecture model provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, including communication with two environmental electronic devices.

[0019] Figure 6 Wireless resource allocation of an environmental electronic device provided by the present disclosure is shown.

[0020] Figure 7 Environmental electronic device registration and configuration provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0021] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an electronic device is shown.

[0022] It is noted that like reference numerals are used to identify like parts throughout the several views of the drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The term "Autonomous Things" (AuT) is used to refer to devices that can perform a specific task autonomously without human interaction. AuTs can include robots, vehicles, drones, smartphones, smart home devices, autonomous software, and any electronic device.

[0024] Self-navigating AuTs need to know their physical location in order to successfully self-navigate. As noted above, such a requirement for knowing a location can include accuracy requirements, fast determination of a location, and robustness in the face of weather interference or physical structure occlusions.

[0025] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a network for supporting ambient electronic devices (AEDs), which can provide location information to AuTs such as autonomous vehicles. The AEDs are connected to an application server. In the embodiment shown, such a connection is through an access network (e.g., a wireless access network) and a core network. Upon receiving a signal from an AuT, the AEDs send location information associated with the location of the AEDs to the AuT. This location information can be used to provide a location estimate, or together with the locations of other AEDs to determine a location estimate. The AuT can determine a one-way transmission time associated with any signal that includes a unique identifier, which can be related to the transmission time of the AuT, while keeping the turnaround processing time consistent.

[0026] Architecture 100 shows an application server 110 that is typically connected to a core network (CN) 120 of a wireless network (e.g., a fifth generation (5G) mobile network or a future mobile network) through a gateway. The CN 120 is connected to an access network (AN) 130 of the wireless network. In some wireless networks, the CN 120 and the AN 130 can be integrated in a single system. In some wireless systems, such as Wi-Fi systems, an access point (AP) can provide some or all of the functionality of the AN 130 and the CN 120 described in this disclosure. The AN 130 communicates with an AED 140 over a wireless link. The AED 140 can include a set of subcomponents, such as an AN interface 142, an ambient energy harvesting system 145, and a backscatter communication function 148. The AED 140 can communicate with a connected autonomous vehicle (CAV) 150 over a wireless channel. The AN 130 can provide connectivity to the CAV 150 since the CAV 150 can communicate with an application server (AS) 110.

[0027] Figure 1 The illustrated AED 140 can function as a beacon. The AED can include an AN interface 142, an ambient energy harvesting 145, and a backscatter communication function 148. The AN interface supports communication with the AN 130 over a wireless interface as described above. The ambient energy harvesting subsystem 145 can provide the AED 140 with the ability to supplement battery power using harvested ambient energy. In some embodiments, the AED 140 can utilize energy harvested by the ambient energy harvesting subsystem 145 to meet some or all of its power needs. The backscatter communication function 148 of the AED 140 can modulate received signals, such as frequency shifting signals received from the CAV 150 or the AN 130. In some embodiments, the ambient energy harvesting subsystem 145 can harvest energy from wind energy, solar energy, vibration energy, thermal energy, and can also harvest energy extracted from public spectrum mobile wireless signals, energy extracted from radar signals, and energy extracted from received wireless signals. The harvested ambient energy can be stored in an energy storage device in the AED 140, such as a battery or a capacitor. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that if the ambient energy harvesting subsystem 145 harvests energy from wireless signals used by the backscatter communication function 148 and the AN interface 142, these components can be integrated with each other.

[0028] In the illustrated embodiment, the AED 140 transmits an encoded signal that can include location information of the AED or a signal that can be mapped to location information of the AED, which can be supplemented by data received by the AN 130 from the application server 110. In low power embodiments, the transmission function is implemented by the backscatter communication function 148.

[0029] Timing information can be obtained from the signal emitted by the AED 140 or from other sources such as the AN 130 or CN 120, GNSS systems, etc. As one non-limiting example, if the CAV transmits a radar signal to the AED, the AED can backscatter the modulated radar signal and the CAV can estimate the time of arrival of the received signal by comparing it to the time at which the radar signal was transmitted. Thus, the CAV can estimate the distance between the CAV and the AED. As another non-limiting example, if the CAV transmits a radar signal to the AED, the AED can transmit a mobile wireless signal received from the AN. The wireless signal can include timing information. If the CAV is synchronized to the mobile network, the CAV can calculate the time duration between the time at which the AED transmitted the mobile network signal and the time at which the CAV received the AED signal.

[0030] After receiving the signal of the AuT, the location information is superimposed onto the signal emitted from the AED 140. This is effectively encoding data into the signal transmitted by the backscatter communication function 148 or by the AN interface 140. The backscattered signal can be referred to as a transmitted signal that is analogous to the received signal communication function. In backscattering the received signal, the AED 140 can shift the carrier frequency so that the frequency band of the transmitted backscattered signal is different from the frequency band of the received AuT transmitted signal (received signal). In other embodiments, the transmitted signal that is analogous to the received signal communication function can transmit a frequency shifted signal to any CAV 150 or AN 130 that is capable of receiving the signal. In some embodiments, this frequency shift can be implemented by modulating the received signal.

[0031] In some embodiments, the AED can include an energy storage unit so that the power of the transmitted signal can be greater than the power of the received signal. This can be useful when the energy captured from the received signal is less than the required energy. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the power of the transmitted signal can be less than the power of the received signal if necessary. The transmitted signal that is analogous to the received signal communication function can also modulate the received signal by some other method (e.g., frequency modulation, pulse width modulation, phase modulation, amplitude modulation, spread spectrum modulation, or any other method or any combination of these methods) prior to transmission in order to enable signal recovery, error detection, and error correction in the CAV 150 or other receiver.

[0032] In some embodiments, the AED 140 can receive a signal from the CAV 150 and transmit a wireless signal carrying location information over the AN interface 142. The wireless functionality of the CAV 150 can be synchronized with the AN 130 and can receive location information in a signal emitted from the AED 140.

[0033] In some embodiments, the AED 140 can include an energy store (e.g., a battery storage or a capacitor), harvested environmental energy, or other such power source to supplement the power required for the operation and transmission functions of the AED 140.

[0034] The AED 140 can be a simple device consisting of one or more antennas and multiple passive electronic components, or a complex device including one or more antennas, multiple active components, and a microprocessor.

[0035] The transmitted signal, like the received signal communication function, can also add information to the frequency-shifted (modulated) signal. In some embodiments, the signal can also be transmitted to the CAV 150 or any wireless device in the vicinity. In some embodiments, this frequency-shifted (modulated) signal is referred to as a backscatter wireless signal. This information can include security information, card number, authentication information, and the like.

[0036] As a non-limiting example, the CAV 150 can be a self-navigating AuT with a wireless network interface to communicate with a wireless network. In some embodiments, the CAV 150 can be an AuT that transmits an initial signal that initiates the process. In some embodiments, the CAV 150 can transmit a radar signal to the AED 140. In other embodiments, the CAV 150 can transmit a cellular signal, e.g., a 4G / 5G signal, to the AED 140.

[0037] Figure 2 An alternative configuration of the system is shown. Figure 1 An alternative configuration of the system is shown. Figure 2 Functions of the CN 120 are shown, which can include a radio access network interface (AN-CN interface) 240, an application server (AS) interface (mobile network (MN) interface) 250, a subscription management function 260, and an AED manager 270.

[0038] The AED manager 270 can store AED device information in the subscription function and can also configure network operations to support a set of AEDs. The AED manager 270 can provide such configuration by sending policies to the wireless network to specify data rates to use when communicating with the AEDs 140 or the number of messages that can be sent to the AEDs 140 in a particular time period. The AED manager 270 can also implement traffic management by providing quality of service (QoS) profiles. According to these policies, the AED wireless manager 220 can allocate the required amount of wireless resources needed to support the AEDs.

[0039] The subscription function 260 can not only manage subscription information, but can also store and manage information provided by the AS 110. The subscription function 260 can also manage network policies for how to direct traffic from the AEDs 140 to the AS 110.

[0040] The subscription function 260 can manage the subscription of the CAVs 150 if the CAVs 150 support an AN interface to connect with the wireless network. The AED manager 270 can manage AED subscriptions, including parameters for devices that connect to the CN 120 via the AN 130. These AED parameters can include a device identification number, device type information, frequency bands in which the AEDs 140 can operate, data rates supported by the AEDs 140, and the like.

[0041] The AN 130 can include an AED wireless manager 220 that can also manage wireless access network interface parameters for the AEDs 140. The AED wireless manager 220 can be used to allocate wireless resources to devices that request access to the mobile network. The AN 130 can send configuration information to the AEDs 140 so that the AEDs 140 can communicate in synchronization with the AN 130. Such synchronized communication can be achieved by allocating network resources (e.g., time slots) when the AEDs 140 can communicate with the AN 130. Communicating on designated network resources can reduce signal interference that can occur when multiple AEDs communicate with the AN 130 on the same network resources. More than one AED can be allocated the same network resources, e.g., the same time slots, the same frequency bands. In such cases, the AN 130 can employ certain techniques to separate signals sent to multiple AEDs or to decode signals received from multiple AEDs. The AEDs 140 and CAVs 150 can also communicate directly with the AS 110 through some interfaces that do not use the wireless network to directly collect information from the AS 110, including traffic conditions. The AEDs 140 can also indirectly collect information from the AS 110 via the AN 130 and the CN 120.

[0042] Figure 3One example of signaling interactions between an AED and elements within the network in which the AED is registered is shown. When an AED first registers with the network, it must submit a registration request message to the CN 120 via the AN 130. This registration request can include information such as, for example, a device identifier for the AED or other such account identifier and the capabilities of the AED, as well as an identification of the wireless parameters provided by the mobile network and used when transmitting to CAVs. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that CAVs are also commonly referred to as AuTs. A subscription function (not shown in Figure 3 but shown as part of the CN 120 in Figure 2 ) can verify that these submitted information belong to a valid user.

[0043] Figure 3 A CAV 150, a CAV application server (CAV AS) 320, and two AEDs 140 are also shown. The CAV AS 320 can provide information to the AEDs 140, which can include one or more of weather, traffic, and road condition information, as well as any other information, so that when the CAV 150 communicates with the AEDs 140, the AEDs 140 can transmit this information to the CAV 150.

[0044] The CAV 150 can broadcast a wireless signal (or in some embodiments a radar signal) to one or both AEDs 140 through a transmitter. Upon receiving this signal, each AED can in turn transmit a signal to the CAV 150 that is similar to the signal received from the CAV 150 or the AN 130. In turn, the CAV 150 receives this signal, which is similar to the signal received by one or more AEDs through their receivers.

[0045] To reduce interference, the signal transmitted by one of the AEDs can be transmitted in wireless resources allocated by the wireless network. The allocated resources can be time slots, frequencies, transmit power levels, locations, directions, code sequences, or any other method, or any combination of these methods, and can be the same as or different from the resources used by the signals transmitted by the other AEDs. The signal is also received in allocated network resources that are the same as or different from the resources used by the signals transmitted by the other AEDs. If more than one AED is allocated the same wireless resources, the CAV 150 can employ some signal detection methods to separate the signals emanating from multiple AEDs.

[0046] This signal that is similar to the signal received by one of the AEDs can be generated by the AED by modulating the signal received by the AED.

[0047] In some embodiments, the AEDs can receive wireless resource configuration data from the AN 130, including wireless resources that the AEDs can use to communicate with the CAV. For example, the radio frequency can be a radar frequency used to backscatter radar signals received from the CAV 150. The radio frequency can be a wireless resource of a wireless network to backscatter wireless signals of the wireless network, thereby communicating location information to the CAV 150. The wireless resource can be one or more time slots and one or more resource blocks of an OFDM data frame that the AEDs can use to transmit location information to the CAV 150 over the wireless frequency spectrum.

[0048] Through the data channel, the CAV 150 can receive information, for example, a list or map including the location of one or more AEDs within a particular area. This can be received through a wireless communication channel, for example, through the AN 130 that establishes a connection with the CAV 320. In some embodiments, the location can be stored by the CAV and correlated to a particular AED identifier, such that the CAV identifies the location associated with the AED that transmitted the location information signal.

[0049] In some embodiments, since the CAV 150 can receive multiple signals from the AEDs, the CAV 150 can identify the locations associated with the multiple AEDs that transmitted the signals in the allocated wireless resources. Identifying the location associated with the AED can be achieved by identifying the AED identifier in the received transmission and / or by the wireless resource used by the AED. Each AED transmits a wireless signal to the CAV 150 on its allocated wireless resource. Each AED can transmit the location information of each AED to the CAV 150 in the wireless signal. The AED location information can be the AED location in a map, an AED ID, a data string representing the AED, or any combination of these information.

[0050] The CAV 150 can demodulate the received modulated signals and extract the location information. The CAV 150 can use the information extracted from the signals received from the AEDs 140 to estimate its location.

[0051] In some embodiments, the location information can include an identifier of the AED. In some embodiments, the location information can be acquired by detecting the presence of a wireless signal on the wireless resource allocated to the AED. In some embodiments, the location information is acquired by decoding the received signal that carries the location of the AED in a map.

[0052] In some embodiments, when the CAV 150 enters areas such as indoor parking lots, indoor warehouses, and city streets with numerous high-rise buildings, the map can be received by the CAV 150 from a software application. The map can be provided by the CAV AS 320 or a server of a mobile network operator, which can be located in the CN 120 or the AN 130. The CAV 150 can use the map to estimate the location of the CAV 150 according to absolute or relative AED 140 location information provided by the map. The CAV wireless receiver (not shown) can estimate the location of the CAV 150 by measuring the direction (e.g., angle of arrival and / or angle of departure) of one or more signals received from the AED 140 and the measured distance between the CAV 150 and the AED 140. It should be appreciated that receiving location information from multiple AEDs reduces the error in the CAV 150 relative position estimate. For example, the CAV 150 can estimate the location of the CAV 150 according to the estimated distances from the CAV 150 to multiple AEDs.

[0053] Figure 4 One example of signaling interaction between the CAV 150 and multiple AEDs is shown. The AEDs backscatter the signals received from the CAV 150.

[0054] The CAV 150 can transmit one or more wireless signals 410 and 420 to one or two AEDs 140. The wireless signals 410 and 420 can be the same radar signals transmitted to detect objects on the road and roadside. In some embodiments, the CAV 150 can transmit a different wireless signal 420 to the AED 140 than the wireless signal 410 transmitted to the AED 140. For example, the wireless signal 410 can be a radar signal transmitted to detect objects on the road and roadside, and the wireless signal 420 can be a wireless signal transmitted to detect the presence of the AED 140. In some embodiments, the wireless signal 420 can be a radar signal transmitted to detect objects on the road and roadside, and the wireless signal 410 can be a wireless signal transmitted to detect the presence of the AED 140. Figure 4In the illustrated embodiment, AED 1 receives wireless signal 410 and AED 2 receives wireless signal 420. Each AED that receives a signal can then respond by encoding data into a signal that is cognate to the received signal. The encoded data can include one or more of weather, traffic, road condition information, parking information, AED location information, and an identifier of the AED, or any other information. In this way, AED 1 transmits signal 440 to CAV 150 and AED 2 transmits signal 450 to CAV 150. These signals 440 and 450 can be generated through a backscatter process or through other processes that will be understood by those skilled in the art. Signal 440 is cognate to signal 410, but can be shifted in frequency or other similar attribute. Similarly, signal 450 is cognate to signal 420. To reduce interference, the signals transmitted by one of the AEDs can be transmitted in different time slots and / or at different frequencies from the signals transmitted by the other AED. Thus, the transmissions are effectively transmitted in designated time and frequency resource blocks so that the different signals do not interfere with each other in the process of being received by CAV 150. By detecting the presence of a backscatter radar signal at a certain time shift or Doppler frequency shift, CAV 150 can identify the AED ID associated with the wireless resource. In addition, CAV 150 can identify the AED ID or location information by decoding the information carried in the backscatter radar signal. Using the decoded AED ID, the decoded location information, or one or more of the wireless resource parameters, or a combination of this information, CAV 150 can find the location of the AED in a map. CAV 150 can estimate its relative position with respect to the AED location, and thus CAV 150 can estimate its position in the map or absolute position.

[0055] Figure 5 CAV 150 is shown in communication with two AEDs 140. As Figure 5 illustrated, CAV 150 transmits signals 410 and 420 to AEDs 140. In some embodiments, these signals can be radar signals. In some embodiments, these signals can be wireless signals transmitted in specific wireless resources configured by a wireless network and known by the AEDs.

[0056] AED 140 sends signals 440 and 450 to CAV 150 that are similar to the signals received from AN 130. Supplementary information can be included in the signals 440 and 450 sent by AED 140 to CAV 150. The supplementary information can be non-configuration information extracted from the signals received by AED 140 and emitted from wireless base station AN 130. The supplementary information can include one or more of weather, traffic, road condition information, parking information, AED location information, and an identifier of the AED sending signal 440 or 450, or any other information. AN 130 sends the supplementary information to AED 140 through signals 520 and 530. Configuration information can be extracted from the signals sent by AN 130 to AED 140. In some embodiments, receiving signals 410 and 420 can trigger AEDs 1 and 2 to send signals 440 and 450, respectively. Signals 440 and 450 can be backscattered signals of signals 520 and 530, respectively. Signals 440 and 450 can be signals generated by AEDs 1 and 2, respectively, independently of signals 520 and 530.

[0057] To enable CAV 150 to detect signals 440 and 450 sent by multiple AEDs, AEDs 140 can be configured to use wireless resources when sending signals to CAV 150. Wireless resources can be any combination of time slots, frequencies, frequency shifts, Doppler frequency shifts, encoding or code types, directions, spaces, polarizations, power levels, or using any signal separation and modulation methods. The wireless resources configured for AEDs 140 can be the same or different. If the wireless resources configured for AEDs 140 are the same, CAV 150 can use some signal detection methods to separate and / or decode signals 440 and 450. By detecting the presence of wireless signals 440 and / or 450 in some wireless resources, CAV 150 can identify which AED sent the signal and the location of the AED. In addition, CAV 150 can decode the received signals 440 and / or 150, which can carry location information, such as AED ID or AED's location in a map. By knowing which AED sent the wireless signal, CAV 150 can estimate its relative location to the AED and then obtain its location in a map.

[0058] In some embodiments, as a non-limiting example, configuration information can be received by AEDs through a wireless network. Network functions, such as, Figure 2The illustrated AED manager 270 or AED wireless manager 220, or other such centralized entity, can configure the AED 140 to modulate radar signals received from the CAV 150, e.g., add Doppler frequency shifts D1 and D2 to the frequency of the signals 410 and 420 received from the CAV 150 and transmitted to the CAV 150 as signals 440 and 450. If the CAV 150 transmits radar signals with a carrier frequency of F = 77 GHz, the transmitted carrier frequency of the signals of the AEDs 1 and 2 can be F + D1 GHz and F + D2 GHz, respectively.

[0059] In some embodiments, as one non-limiting example, the AED 140 can be synchronized in time with the clock of the AN 130 to support accurate position estimation by the CAV 150. Such synchronization can also enable the AED 140 to transmit signals 440 and 450 that are similar to the signals 410 and 420 received from the CAV 150, separated in time by a specified interval (e.g., 0.1 ms).

[0060] The AN 130 can use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for transmissions in the wireless access network, e.g., in 4G and 5G mobile networks.

[0061] Figure 6 A resource block 600 is illustrated, composed of time slots and subcarriers. These time slots and subcarriers can be allocated to the AED 140 and used for transmission of the signals 440 and 450. These time slots and subcarriers can also be allocated to the CAV 150 for transmission of the signals 410 and 420.

[0062] Figure 7 is an interaction flow diagram illustrating one example of an AED registration and configuration procedure on a mobile network.

[0063] In step 1, the AED 140 first sends a registration request message 705 to the AN 130. The request can be sent over a control plane (CP) interface, and the message 710 can include one or more parameters of the AED. The request can also include an identifier of the AED 140. The AED 140 can provide its capabilities, which can include one or more of the following parameters:

[0064] a. An indication of whether the AED 140 is equipped with a backscatter communication function (BCF) and its capabilities. In some embodiments, the capabilities can be represented by a class number.

[0065] b. The maximum duration of time that AED messages can be exchanged with the mobile network within a certain time period.

[0066] c. The maximum duration of time that AED 140 can be in an active state (max-active-time) and be able to communicate with the mobile network.

[0067] d. The minimum duration of time that AED 140 must be in an inactive state. If AED 140 is in an inactive state, some or all of the transmitter and / or receiver of the AN interface can be turned off; the wireless network can not be able to communicate with AED 140.

[0068] e. The energy sources that AED 140 can use to support its operation and charging time. These energy sources (environmental energy sources) can include light energy, wind energy, mobile wireless signals (e.g., in the public spectrum), vibration energy, thermal energy, and radar signals, as well as any other environmental energy sources in any combination.

[0069] f. The carrier frequencies that the RUs of AED 140 can use to transmit and receive signals similar to the received signals.

[0070] g. The spectral bandwidth around the operating frequency.

[0071] h. The method (backscatter modulation method) that the BCF of AED 140 uses, which can include, for example, frequency modulation, amplitude modulation, phase modulation, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, Doppler frequency shift, time shift, pulse width modulation, spectral spreading in any combination, and the like. With time shift modulation, AED 140 can transmit a signal carrying location information or any information with a specified delay after receiving a signal from CAV 150.

[0072] i. Energy storage capability: for example, the type of energy storage (e.g., rechargeable battery, non-rechargeable battery, capacitor), the capacity of the energy storage (e.g., the capacity of the battery of AED 140).

[0073] j. The maximum message size (e.g., in bits or bytes) that can be transmitted from the BCF of AED 140 to other receivers.

[0074] k. The signals that can be used to trigger AED 140 to transmit. The triggering conditions can include, for example, radar signals, mobile signals, and messages received from the mobile network in any combination.

[0075] l. The one or more carrier frequency ranges that AED 140 can use to transmit and receive signals similar to the received signals.

[0076] m.The AED 140 can be used to send the location information using a wireless transmission method. For example, backscatter the radar signals received from the CAV 150, backscatter the wireless signals received from the AN 130, e.g., 4G, 5G, 6G cellular signals. The AED 140 can also generate and send independent wireless signals on configured wireless resources.

[0077] When the mobile network provides services to the AS 110, the mobile network can let the AS 110 provide the AED information so that the mobile network can configure the AED 140 correctly. The AS 110 can provide the AED capability to the mobile network, specifically as follows:

[0078] a.The AS 110 can send an AED capability configuration message to the AED manager 270. The message can be transmitted via a mobile network interface, as a non-limiting example, the mobile network interface can be a network exposure function (NEF) in a 5G mobile network. The message can include one or more of the following parameters:

[0079] i.One or more AED IDs, as a non-limiting example, can be a general public subscription identifier (GPSI).

[0080] ii.An AED group ID to indicate which group the AED belongs to.

[0081] iii.A location where the AED 140 can provide services or run. Non-limiting examples can include a geographic location, a municipal address, a cell ID of a RAN node, a tracking area ID (TAI) of a mobile network.

[0082] iv.AED capability parameters.

[0083] v.A data network (DN) to indicate the network that the AED 140 can access. This can include the network of the AS 110, the Internet, and an operator network.

[0084] vi. Network slice information. This can include network slices that the AED 140 can belong to or can access to connect with the AS 110. The network slice information can also include one or more network slice selection assistance information (NSSAI) and one or more single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI).

[0085] b. The AED Manager 270 can receive the AED capability configuration message from the AS 110 or from the mobile network interface. The AED Manager 270 can send the received AED information to the subscription function to store the AED information. The AED information can include any combination of the AED capability parameters in the AED capability configuration message. The subscription function can assign an internal group ID to map the AED 140 to the AED group ID provided by the AS 110. The subscription function can store the AED data in the storage function. Alternatively, the AED Manager 270 can send the information received from the AS 110 to the storage function.

[0086] c. The subscription function (or the storage function) can send a response message to the AED Manager 270 to confirm that the AED capability configuration message described in step b has been received.

[0087] d. The AED Manager 270 can send a response message to the application function to confirm that the message in step a has been received. The response message can be sent via the mobile network interface function.

[0088] In step 2, the AN node 130 can forward the request 705 as a request 710 to the AN-CN interface 240. For example, the AN-CN interface can be an AMF (Access and Mobility Management) in a 5G mobile network.

[0089] In step 3, the AN-CN interface 240 can then send a subscription request 715 to the subscription function 260 to obtain subscription information. The subscription information is provided as a subscription response. The subscription request 715 can include one or more parameters included in the registration request 710.

[0090] Then, in step 4, once the subscription response is received, if the AED 140 is authorized to use the mobile network, the subscription function can send a subscription response 720 to the AN-CN interface function. This subscription response 720 can include one or more parameters, including one or more AED capability parameters, provided that the subscription function 260 includes the AED capability parameters of the AED 140 and a mobility indication indicating whether the AED 140 is fixed or mobile.

[0091] In step 5, the AN-CN interface 240 can communicate 780 with the security function 760 to exchange security information. This exchange can include providing encryption parameters to the AED 140 to ensure that messages are protected by certain encryption methods when sent over the wireless channel.

[0092] In step 6, the AN-CN interface 240 can send a message 725 to the AN node 130. The message 725 can include a registration confirmation message for the AED 140 and an AED profile message for the AN node 130.

[0093] In step 7, the AN node 130 can receive the message 725. The AN node 130 can store the AED profile in local storage or a storage function. The AN node 130 can forward the registration confirmation message in a message 730 to the AED 140. The message 725 can include a profile for the AED 140, which can include one or more AED capability parameters and encryption parameters and capability information for the AED 140. This capability information can include a description of the energy source for the AED 140. It can be important to know the energy source for the AED 140 because if the energy source is a battery, that battery can provide enough power to support higher data rates or longer communication times. However, if the power source for the AED 140 is an environmental energy source, the maximum data rate and communication time can be more limited. Moreover, if the energy source for the AED 140 is an environmental energy source, the time it takes for the AED 140 to acquire enough energy to wake up can cause the AED 140 to stay in an inactive state for a longer period of time. As one non-limiting example, the AED 140 can take 10 milliseconds to acquire enough energy for 1 millisecond of communication.

[0094] The AN 130 can then send the profile for the AED 140 to the AED wireless manager 220 along with the AED ID, AED capability parameters, AN node ID, and mobility indication. This information is sent in step 8 by signal 735 so that the physical layer parameters of the AED wireless manager 220 can be configured and the AED 140 can also be configured.

[0095] In step 9, the AED wireless manager 220 can perform a process 790 to estimate the physical location of the AED 140. The physical location can be expressed in two or three dimensional Cartesian coordinates. Alternatively, the AED 140 can provide to the AED wireless manager 220 its relative location on a map (e.g., one or more distances to nearby objects such as the wireless AN 130) or absolute location (e.g., expressed by the AED’s latitude and longitude). In this step, the location of the AED 140 can be further updated by sending its location information, which can be used to determine its absolute location (e.g., in a public map) or relative location (e.g., in a building, a parking lot). The AED 140 can use one or more methods to process the information to determine its location. These methods can include information that is manually mapped to a location or obtained by using an automated method, which can include using uplink signals sent from the AED 140 to one or more wireless receiving points of the AN or using downlink signals emitted from one or more wireless transmitting points of the AN.

[0096] In step 10, the AED wireless manager 220 can select wireless configuration parameters 795 for the AED 140 depending on its location. These parameters can include one or more of the following parameters: Doppler frequency offset, time shift, transmitted power of the transmission, transmission time slot, subcarrier, resource block, phase shift, modulated signal, and location of the AED 140. The Doppler frequency offset can be assigned to the AED 140 if the AED 140 can transmit a signal that is identical to the received signal, e.g., the received radar signal at a specified frequency or one or more frequency ranges. The transmitted power of the transmission of the signal that is identical to the received signal represents the maximum transmission power of the AED. The transmission time slot can be one or more time slots of an OFDM frame in a 4G or 5G air interface, where the transmission time of the AED is synchronized to the clock of the mobile network or the clock of the AN 130. This is also important if one or more time slots can be assigned to the AED. The subcarrier can be important if the AED can transmit an OFDM signal, as the AED can be assigned one or more specific subcarrier numbers or one or more resource blocks to transmit the signal. The phase shift can be assigned to the AED if the BCF employs a phase shift modulation. It should also be understood that the location of the AED 140 can be a two or three dimensional map location or the latitude and longitude of the AED.

[0097] In step 11, the AED wireless manager 220 can send an AED wireless configuration response message 740 including the AED wireless configuration parameters. The message 740 can also include the time of the AED wireless configuration response message that can be sent from the AN 130 to the AED 140. This message 740 can include one or more parameters assigned in step 10.

[0098] In step 12, the AN 130 can send an AED wireless configuration update message 745 to the AED 140. This message 745 can include the AED wireless configuration parameters received in step 11.

[0099] In step 13, the AED 140 can send an AED wireless configuration acknowledgement message 750 to the AN 130 to acknowledge that the AED 140 has received the wireless configuration parameters. The AED 140 can also specify the transmission parameters of the RU in the message 750.

[0100] After registering to the mobile network, the AED 140 can start exchanging messages with the AS 110. The AED 140 can send its location and AED wireless configuration parameters to the AS 110. The AS 110 can assign an application ID to the AED 140 to identify the AED and also send the AED application ID (referred to as configuration information) to the AED 140. The AS 110 can update the two-dimensional or three-dimensional map to include the AED information. These information can include the AED 140 location, the AED 140 application ID and the AED wireless configuration parameters. These map updates can then be sent to other devices, including one or more CAVs that subscribe to the map. The CAV 150 can obtain the AED wireless transmission parameters in order to detect signals emitted from the AED 140. These parameters can include the carrier frequency, time slot, subcarrier, signal modulation method, location information and Doppler frequency offset information.

[0101] The mobile network can also use the following method to send AED 140 information to AS 110. The first step is that AED wireless manager 220 can send a message to AED manager 270 of CN 120 to update AED 140 information. The message can include AED ID, AED’s location, and AED’s wireless configuration parameters, and can be transmitted through an AN-CN interface function (e.g., AMF in a 5G network). The next step is that AED manager 270 stores the received AED information in a storage function accessible by AED manager 270, e.g., a unified data repository (UDR) in a 5G network. Next, AED manager 270 can send the information received from AED wireless manager 220 and the group ID of AED 140 to AS 110 directly or via an interface function (e.g., network exposure function (NEF) of a 5G network). Next, AS 110, e.g., an application function (AF) in a 5G network, can use the received information to update the map. The received information can include AED ID, AED location information, and wireless configuration parameters. Next, AS 110 can send a response message to AED manager 270 to confirm the receipt of the information, directly or via an interface function (e.g., NEF in a 5G network). AED manager 270 can also send a response message to AED wireless manager 220 to confirm that AED manager 270 received the message. The response can be transmitted via an AN-CN interface function (e.g., AMF in a 5G network). When AED 140 sends a signal similar to the received radar signal (e.g., a backscattered radar signal), AED 140 can include one or more information, including AED ID, AED absolute location, AED relative location in the map, AED application ID, other road condition messages and environmental information, or any other information AED used to send. CAV 150 can use the AED application ID to identify AED 140 on the map.

[0102] Figure 8 FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 800 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. The electronic device 800 can perform any or all of the operations of the above-described methods and features explicitly or implicitly described herein. For example, a network-capable computer can be configured as the electronic device 800.

[0103] As shown, the device includes a processor 810 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU) or a dedicated processor such as a graphics processing unit (GPU) or other such processor unit), a memory 820, a non-transitory mass storage device 830, an I / O interface 840, a network interface 850, and a transceiver 860, all of which are communicatively coupled via a bidirectional bus 870. According to certain embodiments, any or all of these units can be utilized, or only a subset of these units can be utilized. Further, the device 800 can include multiple instances of certain units, such as multiple processors, multiple memories, or multiple transceivers. Further, units in the hardware device can be coupled directly to other units without a bidirectional bus. Other electronic devices such as integrated circuits can be employed in addition to or instead of a processor and memory for performing the logic operations required.

[0104] The memory 820 can include any type of non-transitory memory, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), read-only memory (ROM), a combination of any of the above, or the like. The mass storage element 830 can include any type of non-transitory storage device, such as a solid-state drive, a hard disk drive, a disk drive, an optical disk drive, a USB disk, or any computer program product for storing data and machine-executable program code. According to certain embodiments, the memory 820 or mass storage 830 can have recorded thereon statements and instructions for execution by the processor 810 to perform any of the method operations described above.

[0105] The actions associated with the methods described herein can be implemented in a computer program product as encoded instructions. In other words, the computer program product is a computer-readable medium on which the software code is recorded so as to perform the methods when the computer program product is loaded into the memory and executed on the microprocessor of the wireless communication device.

[0106] The actions associated with the methods described herein can be implemented as encoded instructions of a computer program product. For example, a first portion of the method can be executed by one computing device, and a second portion of the method can be executed by another computing device, server, etc. In this case, each computer program product is a type of computer readable medium, where the software code for executing the appropriate portions of the method is recorded on the computer readable medium, when the computer program product is loaded into the memory and executed on the microprocessor of the computing device.

[0107] Further, each operation of the method can be performed on any computing device, personal computer, server, PDA, etc., and from one or more program elements, modules or objects, or portions thereof, generated from any programming language, such as C++, Java, etc. or a portion thereof. Additionally, each operation or the file or object, etc. that implements each operation can be performed by special purpose hardware or circuitry designed for that purpose.

[0108] From the description of the above embodiments, it can be seen that the present disclosure can be realized only by hardware, or by software and necessary universal hardware platforms. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the present disclosure can be embodied in the form of a software product. The software product can be stored in a non-volatile or non-transitory storage medium, which can be a compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), a USB flash disk, or a removable hard disk. The software product includes a number of instructions, which enable a computer device (personal computer, server, or network device) to execute the method provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, such execution can correspond to the simulation of the logical operations described herein. The software product can additionally or alternatively include a number of instructions, which enable a computer device to execute operations for configuring or programming a digital logic device according to the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0109] Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific features and embodiments thereof, it is evident that various modifications and combinations can be made thereto without departing from the present disclosure. Therefore, the description and drawings are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and are not to be considered as limiting, the scope of the present disclosure being indicated by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for determining a position, characterized by, The method comprises: broadcasting a signal; receiving a modulated signal identical to the broadcast signal transmitted by an electronic device; extracting location information from the received modulated signal using an identifier of the electronic device; determining a location from the extracted location information.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method is performed by a user device, and the determined location is a location of the user device.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The user device comprises a connected autonomous vehicle CAV.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, Broadcasting the signal comprises transmitting the signal as a radar signal.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, Determining the location comprises determining the location from the extracted location information and at least one of an angle of departure associated with the received signal, an angle of arrival associated with the received signal, and an estimated distance to the electronic device.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The estimated distance to the electronic device is determined from a plurality of received modulated signals, each of the plurality of received signals being transmitted by a different electronic device.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, Further comprising: receiving a second modulated signal identical to the transmitted signal, and determining a location from information extracted from the received signal.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein, Further comprising: extracting supplementary information from the received modulated signal using the identifier of the electronic device, wherein the supplementary information comprises at least one of weather information, traffic information, road condition information.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, The location information comprises an identifier associated with an electronic device, wherein the received modulated signal is from the electronic device, and determining a location comprises identifying a location of the electronic device from the identifier and a stored location associated with the identifier.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein, Further comprising: determining the location by identifying a wireless resource used by the electronic device.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein, The location information further comprises any combination of a map location of the electronic device and a data string representing the electronic device.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein, The modulated signal is received in a designated time slot and a frequency band different from a frequency band used to transmit the broadcast signal.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein, The designated time slot is assigned to the electronic device, the assignment being used to identify the electronic device.

14. A method for providing location information performed by an electronic device ED, characterized in that, The method comprises: receiving a signal; modulating location information onto a signal identical to the received signal using the received signal; transmitting a modulated signal identical to the received signal.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein, The information comprises supplementary information received from a mobile network.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein, The modulated signal identical to the received signal is transmitted in an assigned wireless resource.

17. The method of claim 14, wherein, The received signal powers the ED.

18. The method of claim 14, wherein, The location information comprises information identifying a location of the ED.

19. The method of claim 14, wherein, The information identifying the ED identifies a location associated with the ED.

20. The method of claim 14, wherein, The signal is received from an access node or a connected autonomous vehicle CAV.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein, The CAV receives the modulated signal and extracts location information and supplementary information from the received modulated signal.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein, The CAV estimates a location of the CAV using the extracted location information and a map.

23. The method of claim 18, wherein, The information identifying the location of the ED comprises any combination of a map location of the electronic device, a data string representing the electronic device, and an identifier of the electronic device.

24. A method for providing location information performed by an electronic device ED, characterized in that, The method comprises: receiving a first signal; generating a second signal, wherein the second signal comprises information; transmitting the second signal.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein, The information includes supplemental information received from a mobile network.

26. The method of claim 24, wherein, The second signal is transmitted in an allocated wireless resource.

27. The method of claim 24, wherein, The received first signal powers the ED.

28. The method of claim 24, wherein, The information includes information identifying the ED location information.

29. The method of claim 24, wherein, The first signal is received from a connected autonomous vehicle, CAV.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein, The CAV receives the second signal and extracts one or more of location information and supplemental information from the received second signal.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein, The CAV estimates its location using the extracted location information and a map.

32. An apparatus for determining a position, the apparatus comprising: The apparatus comprises: a transmitter to broadcast a signal; a receiver to receive a modulated signal that is analogous to the broadcast signal; a memory to store machine executable instructions, wherein, when the machine executable instructions are executed by a processor, the apparatus is to: extract information from the received modulated signal using an identifier of a device that modulated the received modulated signal; process the extracted information to determine a location of the apparatus.

33. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein, The broadcast signal is a radar signal.

34. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein, The received modulated signal is a backscatter wireless signal.

35. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein, When the stored instructions are executed by the processor, the apparatus is to extract information from the received modulated signal by demodulating the information from a carrier signal, wherein the carrier signal is determined from the identifier of the device that modulated the received modulated signal.

36. The device of claim 35, wherein, The information extracted from the received modulated signal includes location information associated with an electronic device associated with the received signal.

37. The device of claim 36, wherein, The location information includes an identifier of the electronic device.

38. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein, The receiver is to receive a second modulated signal that is analogous to the broadcast signal, and, when the stored instructions are executed by the processor, the apparatus is to extract a second set of information from the second modulated signal.

39. The device of claim 38, wherein, The second set of information includes location information associated with a second electronic device associated with transmission of the received second modulated signal.

40. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein, The information includes one or more of location information, weather information, traffic information, road condition information, and an identifier associated with an electronic device associated with transmission of the received modulated signal.

41. The device of claim 32, wherein, The received modulated signal is received in a designated time slot.

42. An apparatus for determining a position, the apparatus comprising: The apparatus comprises: a receiver to receive a signal; a memory to store machine executable instructions, wherein, when the machine executable instructions are executed by a processor, the apparatus is to: add information to the received signal; frequency shift the received signal to be analogous to the received signal; a transmitter to transmit the frequency shifted signal that is analogous to the received signal.

43. The device of claim 42, wherein, The received signal is a radar signal.

44. The device of claim 42, wherein, The transmitted frequency shifted signal that is analogous to the received signal is a backscatter radar signal.

45. A method of communicating with a connected autonomous vehicle (CAV) and a mobile network performed by an ambient electronic device (AED), the method comprising: The method comprises: receiving information from a node within a mobile network; receiving a signal from the CAV; modulating the received information onto a signal that is analogous to the received signal; transmitting the modulated signal that is analogous to the received signal to the CAV.

46. The method of claim 45, wherein, Also included are: Before receiving the information, sending a registration request to a node within the mobile network.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein, Also comprising: After sending the registration request, receiving configuration information, wherein the configuration information comprises an identification of a resource block to use when sending to the CAV.

48. The method of claim 47, wherein, The resource block is any two or more of a combination of time slots, frequency shifts, Doppler frequency shifts, code types, directions, spaces, polarizations, and power levels.

49. The method of claim 48, wherein, Also comprising: The AED receives modulated data comprising resource block data.

50. The method of claim 47, wherein, Also comprising: Sending a signal to an access server (AS) and receiving a signal from the AS.

51. The method of claim 50, wherein, The signal received from the AS comprises an application identifier assigned by the AS that identifies the AED.

52. The method of claim 50, wherein, After the AS receives the signal from the AED, the AS updates a map to include a location of the AED, the application identifier, and backscatter unit (BU) transmission parameters, and sends the updated map to the CAV.

53. The method of claim 52, wherein, The BU transmission parameters comprise one or more of capabilities, maximum messages, maximum active time, charging time, environmental energy source, carrier frequency, bandwidth, backscatter modulation method, battery capacity, maximum message size, trigger signal, frequency range.

54. The method of claim 53, wherein, The BU capabilities are represented by a class number.

55. An apparatus comprising: A device comprising a processor, a memory, a transmitter, and a receiver in an ambient electronic device (AED) for communicating with a networked autonomous vehicle (CAV) and a mobile network, wherein the device comprises: The receiver is configured to receive: a first signal from the mobile network; a second signal from the CAV; The memory is configured to store machine executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising: extracting configuration information and non-configuration information from the received first signal; modifying the second signal by adding the non-configuration information to the second signal; frequency shifting the modified signal to be identical to the second signal; The transmitter is configured to transmit the frequency shifted signal that is identical to the second signal.

56. The device of claim 55, wherein, The AED registers on the mobile network.

57. The device of claim 56, wherein, When the AED is registered on the mobile network, the mobile network provides resource blocks to the AED.

58. The device of claim 57, wherein, The resource blocks are any combination of time slots, frequency shifts, Doppler frequency shifts, codes, directions, spaces, polarizations, and power levels.

59. The device of claim 55, wherein, The transmitter transmits the frequency shifted signal that is identical to the second signal according to the resource blocks.

60. The device of claim 56, wherein, Also comprising: An access server (AS) configured to receive a signal sent by the AED and to send the signal comprising configuration information to the AED.

61. The device of claim 60, wherein, The configuration information comprises an application identifier assigned by the AS that identifies the AED.

62. The device of claim 56, wherein, The AS updates a map to include a location of the AED, the application identifier, and backscatter unit (BU) transmission parameters.

63. The device of claim 62, wherein, The AS sends a signal comprising the updated map to the CAV.

64. The device of claim 62, wherein, The BU transmission parameters comprise one or more of capabilities, maximum messages, maximum active time, charging time, environmental energy source, carrier frequency, bandwidth, backscatter modulation method, battery capacity, maximum message size, trigger signal, frequency range.

65. The device of claim 64, wherein, The BU capability is represented by a class number. The BU capability is represented by a class number.

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